北师大版（2019）高中英语 必修第一册同步训练 知识手册word版含答案

知识手册
英语　必修第一册(BSD版)
UNIT 1　LIFE CHOICES　
Section 1　Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．senior adj. 较高的，高级的
2．secondary adj. 中等教育；中级的；次要的
3．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的
4．campus n. 校园
5．schedule n. 日程表，计划表
6．plus adj. 有利的，好的；
prep. 加
7．apartment n. 公寓套房
8．chapter n. 一段时期；章节
9．pressure n. 压力
10．leisure n. 空闲，闲暇，业余时间
11．arise vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生
12．lifestyle n. 生活方式
13．chat vi & n. 闲谈，聊天
14．surf vi. & vt. 冲浪
15．hardware n. (计算机)硬件
16．necessity n. 必需品
17．native n. 本地人
18．range n. 一系列；范围
19．quality n. 质量，品质
20．engine n. 引擎
21．teen adj. 青少年的，十几岁孩子的
22．laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
23．saying n. 格言，谚语
24．ahead adv. 在前面；向前
25．drag vt. 拖，拉
26．media n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称)
27．goal n. 目标，目的
28．target n. 目标
29．update vt. 更新
30．shift n. (工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间
31．digital adj. 数字的，数码的
Part 2　关联拓展
1．distance n．距离，间距→distant adj.遥远的，远处的；疏远的；冷淡的
2．volunteer vi. & vt.自愿；志愿；n. 志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的
3．revise vi. & vt. 复习→revision n．复习；温习；修订；修正
4．previous adj.以前的，先前的→previously adv.以前，先前
5．differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同
6．expectation→expect v．期待；预料　n．期待；预料，预期
7．confidence→confident adj.自信的　n．自信，信心；信赖
8．recover vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．康复，痊愈；恢复，复苏
9．injury n．伤，损害→injure v．受伤→injured adj.受伤的
10．challenging adj.富有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物；vt.向……挑战
11．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地→definite adj.明确的；一定的；肯定的
12．actually adv.实际上，事实上→actual adj.实际的；真实的
13．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→conveniently adv.方便地，便利地→convenience n．方便；便利
14．competence n．能力，胜任→competent adj.有能力的，能胜任的
15．stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的→stress n．压力；忧虑；紧张→stressed adj.焦虑的；紧张的
16．addict n．对……着迷的人→addicted adj.上瘾的；入迷的→addiction n．上瘾；入迷
17．various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→variously adv.各种各样地→variety n．变化；多样性；种类→vary v．变化，不同
18．unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→unfortunate adj.不幸的，令人遗憾的→fortune 运气；机遇；命运；财产；大笔的钱
19．aim n．目的，意图；vi.力求达到→aimless adj.无目的的；无目标的
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．arise /(arose, arisen) vi. 发生；出现；产生；站起
(1)arise from 因……产生；由……引起
It can't be too careful while driving. Accidents often arise from carelessness.
开车时越仔细越好，事故往往是由疏忽大意而引起的。
(2)辨析：arise, rise与raise
原形 过去式 过去分词 v.?ing
arise (vi.)出现，发生，起因于 arose arisen arising
rise(vi.)升起，起身，增长，上升 rose risen rising
raise(vt.)举起，唤起，提高，饲养 raised raised raising
2.recover vi.恢复健康，康复
(1)recover health/sight 恢复健康/视力
(2)recover
3．chat vi. & n．闲谈，聊天
(1)
(2)
4.aim n．目的，意图；　vi.力求达到
(1)
(2)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．all in all 总而言之，总的来说
2．get ahead 取得进步，获得成功
3．according to 按……所说，根据
4．tend to do sth. 易于做某事
5．in person 亲自
6．from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或
7．living room 起居室
8．surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网
9．search engine 搜索引擎
10．social media 社交媒体
11．in many ways 在许多方面
12．sit around 闲坐
13．make a decision 作出决定
14．cheer... on 为……加油
15．have a．.. life 过着……的生活
16．prepare oneself for sth.
自己准备好某事
17．be/become addicted to
对……上瘾
18．previous to 在……之前
19．differ from 与……不同
20．under pressure 在压力之下；受到压力
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．It is＋形容词＋不定式
教材例句　It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
我购物前，能在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格，这很方便。
再例如　(1)It's easy for me to get along well with them.
(2)It's kind of you to help me with my English.
2．that引导同位语从句
教材例句　According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.
据他们说，危险在于，我可能无法辨别这些人是不是真朋友。
再例如　(1)The news that our class won the game made us excited.
(2)He got the news that the sports meeting was put off.
Section 2　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．position n. 职位；位置
2．military n. 军队，武装力量
3．expert n. 专家，行家
4．café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆
5．downtown adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区
6．stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张
7．editor n. 编辑，主编
8．remove vt. 移走；去掉
9．stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的
10．extent n. 程度
11．thus adv. 因此，因而，从而
12．tension n. 紧张；焦虑
13．function n. 功能
14．seek vt. 寻求；请求
15．feature vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
16．typical adj. 平常的，一贯的；典型的
17．province n. 省
18．laughter n. 笑；笑声
19．confident adj. 自信的
20．supply n. 供应，供给
21．certificate n. 合格证书
22．tough adj. 困难的，难办的
23．flash vi. & vt. 闪现，闪过
n. 照相机闪光灯
24．sort n. 种，类；类型
25．contact n. 联系，联络
vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人)
26．charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体
Part 2　关联拓展
1．power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的
2．reduce vt.减少；降低；缩小→reduction n．减少
3．suffer vi. & vt.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．痛苦；苦恼
4．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.全部的
5．organise vt.组织，筹划→organised adj.有组织的，有条理的→organisation n．组织，机构
6．absolutely adv.正是，当然→absolute adj.完全的，绝对的
7．professional adj.专业的，职业的→profession n．职业，专业
8．graduate vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业
9．inspire vt.鼓励，激励→inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感
10．independently adv.独立地，自立地→independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立；自主
11．apply vi.申请；请求→applicant n．申请者→application n．申请，应用
12．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.渴望地；热切地
13．responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的→responsibly adv.负责地→responsibility n．责任心，责任感
14．attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attract vt.吸引；诱惑→attraction n．吸引，吸引力
15．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献，捐赠
16．intend vt.计划，打算，想要→intention n．意图，打算
17．muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的→mud n．泥；淤泥
18．dusty adj.布满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘，尘埃
19．unstable adj.不稳定的→stable adj.稳定的→stability n．稳定，稳固
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．apply vt.申请，请求
(1)
(2)
2．inspire vt.鼓励；激励
(1)inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
be inspired by受……鼓舞
(2)a rich source of inspiration 丰富的灵感源泉
look for inspiration寻找灵感
3．attractive adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的
(1)attract
(2)
(3)be attractive to对……有吸引力
4．intend vt.计划，打算，想要
(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended for...专为……而设计的，专供……使用的
be intended to do sth.专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事
(3)intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的
5．seek (sought，sought) vt. 寻求；请求
seek out搜寻出，(在一群中)挑出
seek shelter from the rain找躲雨的地方
seek a job找工作
seek (for) a solution to the problem寻求解决问题的办法
seek sb.'s advice征求某人的意见
seek to do试图做……
seek after/for寻找，探索，追求
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
2．in other words 换句话说
3．to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说
4．as well as ……以及……
5．be responsible for 对……负责
6．sort of 有几分，有点
7．graduate from 从……毕业
8．give up 放弃
9．deal with 对付，应付，处理
10．apply for 申请
11．due to 因为
12．more often than not
通常；经常
13．make a list 列清单
14．in particular 特别，尤其
15．make a mistake 犯错误
16．make a contribution to
为……作贡献
17．treat... as... 把……当做……对待
18．live up to one's expectations
达到某人的期望
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．动词＋动名词(宾语)＋形容词(宾补)
教材例句　I find waiting for exam results very stressful.
我觉得等考试成绩非常令人紧张。
再例如　(1)I find reading the book exciting.
(2)I find dealing with them easy.
2．动词的?ing形式(动名词)作主语
教材例句　Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him.
来贵州省支教对他来说是一次难忘的经历。
再例如　(1)Climbing mountains is interesting.
(2)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
3．部分否定
教材例句　However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes.
然而不是所有的事情都符合张天的希望。
再例如　(1)Not all of us like singing.
(2)Both of them are not doctors.
Section 3　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．junior adj. 低年级的
2．gym n. 体育馆，健身房
3．slide n. 幻灯片
4．forward adv. 向前；进展
5．rural adj. 农村的，乡村的，田园的
6．moment n. 某一时刻
7．recreation n. 娱乐，消遣
Part 2　关联拓展
1．formal adj.正式的，官方的→informal adj.非正式的
2．entertainment n．娱乐→entertain v．使……欢乐；娱乐；招待；款待
3．digestion n．消化→digest v．消化
4．adapt vi.(使)适应→adaptation n．适应；改编；改编的作品
5．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明→present vt.陈述；提出；呈现
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．adapt vi.(使)适应
adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth.
适应……
be adapted for...被改编成……
2．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明
(1)make a presentation 作报告；作陈述
give a presentation作说明；进行发言
(2)present
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．look forward to(doing) sth.
期待，盼望
2．at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下
3．adapt to sth. 适应某事
4．make a living 谋生
5．come up with 想出，提出
6．play an important role in
在……中起重要作用
7．be cut off from 与……隔绝
8．be busy doing... 忙于做……
9．be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
10．if anything 如果有什么的话
11．stable Internet connection
稳定的网络连接
12．by the end of... 到……结束时
13．as a result 作为……的结果
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．what引导的名词性从句
教材例句　I look forward to hearing all about what's happening with you soon.
我期望着尽快听到你的近况。
再例如　(1)What he said made us happy.
(2)What we can't get seems better than what we have.
2．It is＋过去分词＋that...(主语从句)
教材例句　It's believed that the custom began thousands of years ago when teahouses started cropping up along the Silk Road to provide rest for weary travellers.
人们认为，这种习俗始于数千年前，当时，沿着丝绸之路出现了一些茶馆，让疲惫的旅行者休息一下。
再例如　(1)It's said that he has gone abroad.
(2)It's reported that many new houses are being built at present in the disaster area.
Section 4　Grammar
Part 1　动词不定式
1．动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语
动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语，也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。
用法 例句
作主语 不定式作主语，表示一个概念时，谓语动词用单数 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
不定式作主语时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面，即“It is＋形容词或名词＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.” ①It is important for you to learn Chinese well.
②It is kind of you to have given us so much help.
作表语 当主语部分有what/all/everything等代词和实义动词do(表示“做”)的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以不带to ①What we should do at the moment is (to) study hard. ②All he did at work was (to) press the button if necessary.
作宾语 ①常接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, beg, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, aim, fail, long, happen, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等。②不定式符号to后面有be或have时，be和have不能省略 ①We managed to put the fire out. ②He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. ③His mother wanted him to be a teacher when he grew up, but he didn't want to be.
作宾语补足语 ①常见的用“带to的不定式作宾语补足语”的及物动词或短语有：allow, ask, beg, cause, command, forbid, force, get, help, intend, invite, would like, order, permit, persuade, request, teach, tell, remind, train, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage, instruct, urge, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, vote for, wait for等 ②常见的“必须省略to的不定式作宾语补足语”的动词有：see, look at, watch, observe, notice, let, have, make, hear, listen to, feel (顺口溜：“吾(五)看三室(使)两厅(听)一感觉”) ③help之后的to do作宾补，to可省略也可不省略。 ①We don't allow them to take away any books from our library.
②We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano.
③Someone was heard to open the door.(用于被动语态时，要特别注意作主语补足语的不定式必须带“to”)
2.动词不定式作状语、定语
用法 例句
作状语 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。动词不定式作目的状语，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常不用逗号(出乎意料的结果除外) He ran fast to catch the bus.(目的状语)
I returned home that day, only to find that everything was being in good order.(结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。如果表示顺理成章的结果，用动词?ing形式)
I am sorry to hear that.(原因状语)
She wouldn't be so silly as to say that.(程度状语)
作定语 往往表示将来的动作 ①He has nothing to do. ②We reached an agreement to do the work together.
③They made a plan to develop new products.
Part 2　?ed/?ing adjectives
?ed/?ing形容词的特点
这类形容词的根词往往是与情绪、心理变化有关的及物动词。
1．?ed形容词常用来描述人对某事物作出的反应，其主语通常是人，意为“感到……的”。有时可用来描述人的音容笑貌，表示人在此状态下具有的表情、声音等；
(1)Hearing the news that our class won the game, we felt excited.
(2)Her frightened look suggested that she was frightened by the snake.
2．?ing形容词用于描述人或事物本身具有的特征，即人或事物具有能够令人产生某种情绪的作用或能力，意为“令人……的”。
(1)The story is very interesting.
(2)I'm tired of the boring speech.
UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS
Section 1　Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．athlete n. 运动员
2．badminton n. 羽毛球
3．golf n. 高尔夫
4．gymnastics n. 体操
5．jog vi. & n. 慢跑
6．bowling n. 保龄球
7．skateboard n. 滑板
vi. 用滑板滑行
8．track n. 跑道
9．net n. (网球等的)球网；网
10．court n. (网球等的)球场
11．within prep. 在……之内
12．diet n. 日常饮食
13．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
14．underdog n. 处于劣势的人(队)；弱方
15．defeat vt. (在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
16．company n. 公司；一群人
17．guy n. (非正式)男人，家伙
18．champion n. 冠军，第一名
19．desire n. 渴望
20．crash vi. & vt. 猛撞
21．inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感
22．pack n. 包，包裹
vi. & vt. 把……包起来
23．onto prep. 到……上，向……上
24．extra adj. 额外的，另外的
25．clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
26．earn vt. 赢得；博得
Part 2　关联拓展
1．replacement n．替换的人(物)→replace v．代替，替换
2．prefer vt.更喜欢→preference n．喜欢，偏爱
3．frequency n．发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地
4．regularly adv.经常；定期地→regular adj.经常的，定期的
5．cycle vi.骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人
6．gather vi. & vt.聚集，聚合→gathering n．聚集，集会
7．energy n．力量，活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
8．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
9．sharply adv.严厉地，毫不客气地→sharp adj.严厉的；锋利的；敏锐的→sharpen v．(使)变得锋利；变得清晰→sharpener n．磨具；卷笔刀
10．balanced adj.均衡的→balance n．天平；平衡；余额　v．(使)保持平衡；(使)平衡
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．prefer (preferred, preferred) vt.更喜欢
prefer (sb.) to do sth.宁愿/更喜欢(某人)做某事
prefer＋n./v.?ing＋to＋n./v.?ing与……相比更喜欢……
prefer to do... rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
2．desire n. & vt. 渴望
(1)desire
3．earn vt.赢得；博得
(1)earn money挣钱
earn a/one's living谋生
(2)earnings n．薪水；工资
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．pay off 取得成功；奏效
2．keep up with 跟上，保持同步
3．try out for sth. 争取成为；参加选拔
4．gather around 聚集
5．not... any more 不再……
6．rather than 而不是
7．let sb. down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
8．in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳
9．crash into 猛撞，猛击
10．make it 成功；及时到达
11．be tough on 对……严厉的
12．crash into 猛撞，猛击；坠毁
13．hit sb.on the shoulder
拍打某人的肩膀
14．up to 多达；胜任；直到；由……决定
15．have a healthy and balanced diet
有一个健康均衡的饮食
16．by oneself 单独地，独自地
17．go to the gym 去体育馆
18．for fun 为了好玩；开玩笑
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．which引导非限制性定语从句
教材例句　Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest ever player in the NBA.
博格斯身高只有1.6米，这让他成了NBA历史上最矮的球员。
再例如　(1)He was late again, which made his teacher angry.
(2)She tore up my photos, which upset me.
2．现在分词(?ing)作状语
教材例句　The team gathered around, looking worried.
队员们围拢过来，看上去都很担心。
looking worried作伴随状语，主语the team与looking是主动关系。
再例如　(1)He sat by the window, reading a book.
(2)He sat on the sofa all the morning, watching TV.
3．although引导让步状语从句
教材例句　Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets, although we actually agree that they are both champions.
保罗最喜爱的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，他在为夏洛特黄蜂队效力，但事实上我们都认为他们都是冠军。
再例如　(1)Although the job takes much time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
(2)Although he is young, he knows a lot.
Section 2　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．warm?up 热身运动，准备活动
2．quit vi. & vt. 停止(做某事)
3．halfway adv. 半途地
4．tip n. 建议，忠告，窍门
5．boxing n. 拳击(运动)
6．bounce vi. & vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹
7．belt n. 腰带，皮带
8．audience n. 观众；听众
9．remind vt. 使(某人)想起，提醒
10．bite vi. & vt. 咬
11．occupy vt. 占用，占去(时间)
12．case n. 状况，场合；事例，实例
13．principle n. 原则，基本的观念
14．amount n. 数量，数额
15．shortcut n. 捷径，近路
16．overnight adv. 突然，一下子
17．ache n. 隐痛
18．guideline n. 指导方针，指导原则
19．click vi. & vt. 点击(鼠标)
20．disease n. 疾病
21．upper adj. 较上的，上面的
22．flow vi. 流，流动
n. 流动
23．oxygen n. 氧
24．weekly adj. 一周一次的，每周的
25．awkward adj. 令人尴尬的
26．membership n. 会员身份
27．system n. 系统
28．muscle n. 肌肉
29．sweat n. 汗水
30．overdo vt. 把……做得过火
Part 2　关联拓展
1．announcement n．通告，公告→announce vt.宣告，宣布；发表→announcer n．播音员
2．application n．申请书→apply v．申请；涂；应用→applicant n．申请人；求职者
3．defence n．防守队员，后卫→defend vt.保卫；辩护
4．disappointment n．失望；扫兴；沮丧→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointed adj.感到失望的
5．amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起地→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的→amaze vt.使大为吃惊→amazement n．惊奇
6．particular n．尤其，特别；adj.特定的→particularly adv.特别，尤其
7．prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡→prevention n．预防，阻止
8．detail n．细节→detailed adj.详细的
9．relieve vt.减轻，缓解→relief n．减轻，缓解
10．strengthen vi. & vt. (使)强健→strength n．体力；力气；优点，长处→strong adj.强壮的；强烈的
11．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→annually adv.每年地
12．benefit n．好处，益处→beneficial adj.有益的；有利的
13．achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的→achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就
14．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁令，禁律
15．equipment n．设备，装备→equip vt.装备；配备
16．capable adj.能干的；能力强的→capability n．能力；才能
17．satisfaction n．满足，满意→satisfy vt(使)满足；(使)满意→satisfied adj.满足的，满意的
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．benefit n．益处，好处
(1)be of benefit to对……有益
for the benefit of为了……的利益
benefit sb.对某人有好处
benefit from sth.从……中受益
(2)be beneficial to对……有益
2．particular n．尤其，特别；adj.特定的
be particular about/over对……挑剔；对……讲究
in the particular case在个别情况中
in particular特别；详细地；尤其
3．remind vt.使(某人)想起，提醒
remind sb. (not) to do sth.提醒某人(不)做某事
remind sb. of/about sth.使某人想起某事
remind sb.that...使某人想起……，提醒某人……
reminder n．令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西；(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be fed up with 厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的
2．cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
3．in case 以防万一
4．sign up 报名
5．in particular 尤其，特别
6．be capable of 有能力做
7．immune system 免疫系统
8．ought to aux. 应该，应当
9．make sure 确保
10．sign up 报名参加；注册
11．warm up 做热身运动，准备活动
12．be equipped with 装备/配备……
13．prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
14．to one's satisfaction
使某人满意的是
15．be bad for 对……有坏处
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．as引导非限制性定语从句
教材例句　As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long?distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
人们常说，锻炼总比不锻炼要好，特别是长跑更有益处。
再例如　(1)As we all know, the earth is round.
(2)As is mentioned above, the number of the students of senior high schools is increasing.
2．状语从句的省略
教材例句　And don't drink too much while running, or it'll make you feel sick.
并且跑步时不要喝太多水，否则那样会让你很难受。
再例如　(1)When asked why he was late again, he kept silent.
(2)When crossing the street, you should be careful.
Section 3　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．sight n. 视野
2．cyclist n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员
3．overtake vt. 超过
4．medal n. 奖牌；勋章
5．sportsmanship n. 体育精神
6．bronze n. 铜
7．gesture n. 姿态；手势；姿势
Part 2　关联拓展
1．defend vi. & vt.保护，保卫→defence n．防御；防护；防守队员；后卫
2．flexibility n．灵活性→flexible adj.灵活的，有弹性的
3．response n．回答，答复→respond v．回答；反应
4．amazed adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amaze vt.使大为吃惊→amazement n．惊讶；惊愕
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．sight n．视野；景象；视力
(1)
(2)
2．amazed adj.大为惊奇的；惊讶的
be amazed to do因做……感到吃惊
be amazed that...对……感到吃惊
be amazed at因听到……(看到……)而吃惊
3．response n．回答，答复
(1)in response to作为对……的回答/反应
(2)respond to答复，响应
respond with用……回答，报之以……
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．take advantage of sth.
利用某物
2．speed up 加速
3．catch up with 追上，赶上
4．be based on 以……为基础
5．lose weight 减肥
6．refer to 参考，查阅，指的是
7．work out 算出，解出，锻炼
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．with复合结构作状语
教材例句　Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了几个小时，终点线就在眼前……
再例如　(1)With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the house.
(2)With much work finished, I went home.
2．in case引导的目的状语从句
教材例句　Wear gloves and mouth guards in case something happens.
戴上手套和口部防护装置以防发生意外。
再例如　Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
Section 4　Grammar
Part 1　关系代词引导的定语从句
在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose和as。关系副词有when, where, why。
1．关系代词代替前面的先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语等，作宾语时常可省略。
引导定语从句的常见关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
(1)that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。that指人时常可以与who或whom互换，指物时常可以与which互换。
A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
一条八千米长三十米宽的巨大裂缝切断了房屋、道路和运河。
(2)which指物或代替整个句子，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
后来，那天下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次几乎一样剧烈的大地震袭击了唐山。
Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.
或许你有一个能将你的家人逼疯的习惯。
(3)who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
死亡或受重伤的人数达到了40多万。
(4)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
Your speech was heard by five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
(5)whose的先行词既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which，指人时相当于of whom。
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者们建造了避难所。
A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
国内市场利润下降的公司可能会去国外寻找机会。
(6)as用于引导限制性定语从句时，主要与such, as, the same连用，其意为“像……的”“和……一样的”“和……相同的”。用于引导非限制性定语从句时，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间，其意为“正如”。
He's not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
As is usual with children, they soon got tired.
正如孩子们平常一样，他们很快就厌倦了。
2．关系代词用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, everything, none, the one等或被不定代词修饰时。
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。
This is the very book that I'm looking for.
(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They often talk about the people and things that they remember.
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which is the car that you bought last week?
(6)定语从句中又包含定语从句时，其中一个已经用关系代词which或who，另一个宜用that。
They secretly built a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
他们秘密地建了一个生产可能引起污染的东西的小工厂。
Part 2　不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，英语中的不定代词有some (something, somebody, someone), any (anything, anybody, anyone), no (nothing, nobody, no one), every (everything, everybody, everyone), all, each, both, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, other(s), another, none, one, either, neither等。
1．Is everybody here?
2．Nothing special happened yesterday?
3．I like none of the books.
4．That's nothing.
5．You may take either road.
UNIT 3　CELEBRATIONS
Section 1　Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．dragon n. 龙
2．lunar adj. 阴历的；月球的
3．barbecue n. 烧烤野餐
4．sticky adj. 黏性的，黏的
5．adult n. 成人，成年人
6．lantern n. 灯笼，提灯
7．pudding n. 布丁；甜食，甜点心
8．turkey n. 火鸡
9．gathering n. 聚会
10．snack n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心
11．host n. 主人；东道主；主持人
12．sweep vt. 扫；打扫
13．character n. 字，字体；人物，角色
14．attach vt. 贴；固定；附上
15．flight n. 航班
16．wine n. 葡萄酒
17．account n. 描述，报道
18．joy n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦
19．throughout prep.
在整个期间，自始至终
20．custom n. 风俗，习惯；传统
21．accent n. 口音
22．hotpot n. 火锅
Part 2　关联拓展
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→occasional偶然的；偶尔的→occasionally adv.偶尔；间或
2．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立即的
3．original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的→origin n．起源；起因
4．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings周围的事物；环境
5．congratulation n．(多用复数)恭喜，祝贺→congratulate vt.祝贺；向……道喜
6．decorate vi. & vt.装饰，布置，美化→decoration n．装饰；装饰物
7．summarise vi. & vt.总结，概括→summary n．总结，摘要
8．scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→scared adj.对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的→scary adj.可怕的，吓人的
9．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地
10．graduation n．毕业→graduate v．毕业　n．毕业生
11．expectant adj.期待的，期望的→expect vt.期待；期望→expectation n．期待，期望
12．retired adj.退休的→retire v．退休→retirement n．退休
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．attach vt.贴；固定；附上
2．account n．描述，报道；账户　vi.作出解释
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．sweep away 扫除；清除
2．let off 使某物爆炸
3．scare sb./sth. away
把……吓跑
4．upside down 倒置地，颠倒地
5．lunar month 阴历月，农历月
6．put up 张贴
7．Dragon?Boat Festival
端午节
8．get ready for 为……做准备
9．be up to 从事于，忙于
10．find out 查明，弄清(情况)
11.for the first time 第一次；首次
12．come to an end 结束，终止
13．at peace 处于和平状态；处于平静的状态
14．have a great time 玩得愉快
15．fill sb. in (on sth.)
向某人提供(情况)
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”
教材例句　Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...
每年，我一上火车，我周围都是山西口音……
再例如　(1)The machine will start the moment you press this button.
(2)The moment he saw the bear, he climbed the tree.
2．不定式作目的状语，现在分词作伴随状语
教材例句　We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
然后我们坐在一起享用丰盛的晚餐，大家相互祝愿新年快乐。
再例如　He went to Beijing to hunt for a job, hoping that he would get a good one.
Section 2　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．beer n. 啤酒
2．teenager n. 青少年，十几岁的孩子
3．studio n. 录音室
4．pole n. 地极，北/南极
5．envelope n. 信封
6．stuff vt. 给……填馅；填，塞
7．somehow adv. 不知怎的；不知为什么
8．wedding n. 婚礼
9．effort n. 努力；力气
10．jeans n. 牛仔裤
11．ballet n. 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演
12．roll vt. 使成筒形(球形)
n. 一卷；面包卷
13．lap n. 大腿部
14．eve n. 前夕；前一天
15．branch n. 树枝
16．plate n. 盘；碟
17．whisper vi. & vt.
低声说，低语
18．wave vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
19．affair n. 事件
20．swallow vi. & vt.
吞下，咽下
21．stocking n. 长筒袜
22．extend vt. 提供，给予，表示
Part 2　关联拓展
1．greet vt.问候，欢迎；打招呼→greeting n．问候；招呼
2．appropriately adv.合适地，适当地→appropriate adj.合适的；适当的
3．specific adj.具体的，特定的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地
4．neat adj.整洁的→neatly adv.整洁地；整齐地
5．suit n．套装→suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
6．represent vt.代表→representative n．代表　adj.典型的；有代表性的
7．fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸运的→unfortunately adv.不幸运地→fortune财产；运气
8．patience n．耐心；耐力→patient adj.耐心的　n．病人
9．memory n．记忆，回忆→memorise vt.记住，熟记
10．slightly adv.略微，稍微→slight adj.轻微的；细小的，瘦小的；无须重视的
11．behaviour n．行为，举止→behave vi. & vt.表现；表现得体
12．merry adj.快乐的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地
13．frosty adj.严寒的→frost n．霜冻，结霜；严寒　v．结霜
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．suit n．套装　vt.适合；使适宜
(1)a suit of clothes一套衣服
(2)
(3)
suit/match/fit
2．effort n．努力；力气；费力的事
3．represent vt.象征；代表；呈现
4．patience n．耐心；耐力
(1)
(2)be patient
(3)
5．fortunate adj.幸运的
(1)
(2)
(3)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．pass away 去世
2．no longer 不再
3．over and over 再三地，重复地
4．as far as 就……而言
5．catch sb's eye 遇到某人的目光；吸引某人的注意
6．move in 搬来(和某人)一起居住
7．in general 普遍地
8．make an effort 尽力
9．fall asleep 入睡，睡着
10．pay attention to 注意
11．look ahead to 向前看，展望
12．be full of 充满
13．come to mind 想起来；浮现在脑海中
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．过去分词短语作伴随状语
教材例句　We put on silly paper hats and had a big turkey with potatoes, followed by Christmas pudding.
我们戴上滑稽可笑的纸帽子，吃填满土豆的大火鸡，接着是圣诞布丁。
再例如　(1)The master entered the room, followed by his dog.
(2)She played the violin, accompanied by her mother on the piano.
2．because引导原因状语从句
教材例句　I remember the wind because Granny's white hair was a mess when she arrived.
我还记得那场大风，因为奶奶到的时候灰白色的头发很蓬乱。
再例如　(1)Because you're not burning calories, everything you eat turns to fat.
(2)He was late because he was caught in the traffic jam.
Section 3　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
Ⅰ.重点单词
Part 1　核心单词
1．awesome adj. 令人赞叹的；很好的
2．downstairs adv. 往楼下，在楼下
3．nowhere adv. 哪儿也见不到
4．calm vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定
5．uniform n. 制服
6．tear n. 眼泪，泪水
7．cuisine n. 烹饪
8．event n. 事件；活动
9．album n. 簿，册
Part 2　关联拓展
1．select vt.挑选，选拔→selection n．选择；可选之人或物；选集→selective adj.精挑细选的
2．description n．描述，描写→describe vt.描述；叙述；形容
3．thoroughly adv.完全地→thorough adj.完全的；彻底的
4．humbly adv.谦虚地→humble adj.谦逊的
Part 3　重点单词用法归纳
1．description n．描述，描写
(1)beyond description难以描述
(2)describe... as...把……称为/形容为……
2．select vt.挑选，选拔
select
select from从……中选择
select... out of从……中选拔
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．calm down 冷静下来
2．wake up 醒来；活跃起来
3．take one's seat 坐下
4．quite a few 相当多，颇多
5．at the end of 在……的末梢；在……的尽头
Ⅲ.重点句型
　形容词作状语
教材例句　Early in the morning, I woke up excited.
很早我就醒了，感到很兴奋。
再例如　(1)They got home, safe and sound.
(2)He fell asleep, tired and hungry.
Section 4　Grammar
被动语态
动词的语态
语态指主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。
(一)构成：“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致，另外它也可以构成否定或疑问式。
以动词give为例，将被动语态的各种构成形式列表如下：
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am given
is given
are given was given
were given shall be given
will be given should be given
would be given
进行式 am being given
is being given
are being given was being given
were being given 无 无
完成式 have been given
has been given had been given shall have been given
will have been given should have been given
would have been given
(二)其他形式被动语态
1．带情态动词的被动结构(情态动词＋be done)
Can it be finished in three hours?
2．不定式的被动结构(to be done)
The murderer was sure to be punished.
3．动名词的被动形式(being＋done)
Many people don't like being asked the age.
(三)较为特殊的被动语态结构
1．感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
(be＋seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed/let/had/made＋to do...)
The girl was heard to play the violin in the next room.
2．带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。
We always keep our dormitory clean.→Our dormitory is always kept clean.
同样带双宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的直接宾语或间接宾语改为主语，而另一成分保留不动。
They gave the child many books.→The child was given many books.→Many books were given to the child.
(四)主动表示被动意义
(1)“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
(2)当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
注意：有些动词(短语)不能用于被动语态
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；date from/back to追溯到；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。