牛津译林版英语八年级上Unit 4 Do it yourself知识梳理及练习（含答案）

牛津译林8AUnit4知识梳理
知识点一
Comic
strip--
Reading知识点梳理
【知识梳理】
Here
are
clear
instructions.
(P42)
Instruction
n.指令；指示；用法说明
例：It’s
important
to
read
the
instructions
before
you
start
taking
the
medicine.
在服药之前先阅读说明书是很重要的。
It's
common_______
that
the
Japanese
eat
sushi.
A.
information
B.
knowledge
C.
direction
D.
instruction
答案：B
2.
It
says,"Do
it
yourself”.
说明上写着"自己动手做”。(P42)
本句中的“it
says”意思是“那上面说或'写着”，这是一种特殊的语言表达方式。
例:
It
may
be
necessary
to
put
up
a
notice
saying
“Keep
off".
张贴一张“请勿靠近”的布告是必要的。
【拓展】say和告示、通告搭配使用也表示文字材料“说或写着”，另外，read除了用人作主语，表示“阅读”之外，还可以用有文字的东西做主语，表示“被阅读”读起来“写着”“内容是”。
例：Look,
On
the
top
of
the
car
is
a
sign
that
reads：student
driver.
看，车顶上有个标志上面写有：学员司机。
What
should
1
do
first?
The
instructions_______
that
you
should
mix
milk
with
water
carefully
first.
A.
speak
B.
tell
C.
write
D.
say
答案：D
3.
Brush
（P45）
n.
刷子；画笔
vt.刷
例：Polish
your
shoes
with
a
brush
every
morning.
用刷子把你的鞋子擦亮。
Have
you
brushed
your
teeth,
Tom?
汤姆，你刷过牙了吗？
【拓展】brush
up复习；提高;
brush
past
擦过;brush
away
刷去
例：He
must
brush
up
on
his
French.
我必须重新温习法文。
I
really
need
to
brush
up
on
my
English.
我真的很需要提高我的英语水平。
我应当在每顿饭后刷牙吗？
Should
1_____________
after
every
meal?
答案：brush
my
teeth
It
stands
for
“do
it
yourself.”
(P43)
stand
for
代表；支持；象征
例：They
know
what
they
stand
for.
他们知道他们代表什么。
【拓展】stand
up站起来;坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护
stand
on
坚持；依靠；位于；stand
out突出：站出来；坚持到底
stand
by支持;袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边；can't
stand无法忍受
例：Her
talents
stand
out
in
comparison
with
the
others.
和其他那些人比起来，她的才能很突出。
The
pain
on
the
back
is
so
heavy______
I
really
can’t
______
it.
A.
that;
have
B.
that
;stand
C.
for;
have
D.
to;
stand
答案：B
When
you
do
DIY,
you
make,
repair
or
decorate
things...
(P43)
1）
Repair
vi.
修理；修复
vt.修理；恢复”n.修理.修补
例：He
turned
the
chair
on
its
side
to
repair
it.
她把椅子翻转过来修理。
I've
no
idea
how
to
repair
cars
by
myself.
我不知道怎样独自修理汽车。
【辨析】repair,
fix,
mend三个词都含有“修理、修补”的意思，有时可以通用，但也有些区别。
1）repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
2）mend的意’思是恢复某物原来的样子（包括用针、线来缝补），一般指较小之物。
3）fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构.把松散的部件固定结
实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。
例：Who
has
repaired
the
broken
bike?
谁把坏自行车修好了？
This
T-shirt
is
too
old
to
mend.
这件衣服太旧不能补了。
Can
you
fix
the
broken
leg
of
the
chair?
你能修理那把椅子坏了的腿吗？
单项选择
China
will
spend
about
52
billion
yuan______
new
airports
and______
old
ones
in
the
west
of
China
in
the
next
Five-Year
Plan
period(时期）.
A.
repairing
;
building
B.
to
build;
repair
C.
building;
repairing
D.
to
repairs;
build
答案：C
2）decorate
vt.&vi.装饰；布置
例：He
decorated
his
room
with
pictures
of
all
his
favourite
singers.
他用他所喜爱的所有歌手的照片装饰自己的房间。
The
children
are
planning
to
decorate
when
they
get
the
time.
孩子们正计划在他们有时间的时候装修。
.
【拓展】decorate
with以…
来装饰
decorate
the
house
装饰房间;
decoration
n.装饰,装演;装饰品
例：Decorate
the
house
with
decorations
you
make.
用自己做的装饰物来装饰房子。
根据汉语意思完成句子
去年，我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。
We__________
for
Christmas
last
year.
答案：decorated
the
house
My
cousin
Andrew
is
crazy
about
DIY.
(P44)
crazy疯狂的；狂热的，着迷的
例：You
’d
be
crazy
to
drop
out.
你要退学真是发疯了。
This
might
be
a
crazy
idea
after
all.
毕竟这也许不是一个疯狂的主意。
【拓展】be
crazy
about热衷于，着迷于’
a
little
crazy有点儿疯狂；
go
crazy发疯；疯狂
be
crazy
for渴望…；对…
疯狂；drive
sb.
crazy让某人疯狂
例：My
mother
drove
me
crazy.
我妈妈把我逼得发疯。
They're
crazy
about
each
other.
他们为彼此疯狂。
根据汉语意思完成句子
我非常喜欢法语。
I'm_______
French.
答案：crazy
about
...,
but
he
hit
a
pipe
and
filled
...(P44)
Fill
vt.
装满，使充满；满足
vi.被充满
例：The
hall
soon
filled(with
people).
大厅里不久就坐满了人。
Please
fill
the
cup
with
water.
请把这个杯子装满水。
【拓展】fill
in填写；填充
fill
out填写；变丰满，变大；fill
up填补；装满；堵塞
fill
with装满，充满
fill
in
the
blanks
填空；fill
in
the
form
填写表格
fill
up
with
用
填满；fill
out
a
form
填表；
fill
into
填充
例：Fill
out
the
application
carefully，and
keep
copies
of
it.
仔细填写申请表，并保留备份。
【点睛】be
filled
with“被……充满”和be
full
of为同义短语。
例：The
young
men
are
full
of
energy.
年轻人充满着活力。
单项选择
There
should
be
something________
your
stocking
_______.
A.
to
fill
;/
B.
to
fill;with
C.
full;of
D.
to
fill;
of
答案：B
I
also
advised
him
to
take
a
course
in
DIY.
(P44)
1)
advise动词，意为“建议，忠告，劝告”，常用结构有：
advise
doing
sth建议做某事，不能说advise
to
do
sth.。如：
He
advised
leaving
early.
他建议早点动身。
I
advise
waiting
till
the
proper
time..
我建议等到适当的时机。
advise
sb.
to
do
sth建议某人做某事。如：
He
advised
me
to
buy
a
computer.
他建议我买台电脑。
The
doctor
advised
me
to
take
a
complete
rest.
医生建议我彻底休息一下。
advise
sb.
against
doing
sth.
＝advise
sb.
not
to
do
sth.建议某人别做某事。如：
He
advised
her
against
going
out
alone
at
night.
＝He
advised
her
not
to
go
out
alone
at
night.
他建议她晚上不要独自外出。
2)
take
a
course
修一门课
例：He
will
take
a
course
at
school
next
year.
他明年将去学校修一门课程。
He
began
to
take
a
course
in
spoken
English
recently.
他最近开始上英语会话课程。
根据汉语意思完成句子
下周我妹妹将修一门游泳课。
My
sister
will__________
next
week.
答案：take
a
swimming
course
I
am
reading
all
the
books
myself
and
attending
lessons
every
Saturday.
(P44)
Attend
vt.
出席；上(大学等）vi.出席;致力于
例：Thousands
of
people
attended
his
funeral.
数千人参加了他的葬礼。
【拓展】attend
a
meeting参加会议；attend
school
上学；
attend
class
上课
attend
on照料；侍候
attend
a
lecture听讲座；上课attend
university
上大学
例：I
am
going
to
attend
a
lecture
given
by
Dr
Smith.
我打算去听史密斯博士的讲座。
【辨析】attend，take
part
in,
join,
join
in都有“参加;参与；加入”的意思。但还是有区别。
加人某党派、某组织或某社会闭体，用join。
参加某种活动用join
in，如说“与某人一起做某事”，则用
join
sb.
in
sth.
/
doing
sth.。
join
in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。
take
part
in参加(群众性活动、会议等），往往指参加者持积
极态度，起一定作用。
attend是正式用语，指参加会议，娇礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积
极作用。
例:
When
did
your
brother
join
the
Party?
你哥哥什么时候入党的？
We'll
take
part
in
social
practice
during
the
summer
vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
The
teacher
will
attend
an
important
meeting
tomorrow.
老师明天要参加一个重要的会议。
根据汉语意思完成句子
你能参加今天下午的会议吗？
Can
you__________
this
afternoon,
Tom?
答案：attend
the
meeting
10.
But
he
kept
on
painting.
(P44)
但是他继续粉刷。
常用短语：
keep
on继续；keep
on
with
sth继续某事，坚持；keep
on
doing
sth继续做某事。
例：You
must
keep
on
你必须坚持下去。
You
don't
have
to
keep
on
with
your
commitment.
你不需要遵守你的承诺。
They
kept
on
working
in
the
fields,
though
it
was
raining.
虽然天正在下雨，他们还是继续在田里干活。
11.
Now
the
living
room
has
not
only
blue
walls
but
also
a
blue
ceiling
and
floor.
(P44)
现在客厅不仅有蓝色的墙壁，还有蓝色的天花板和地板。
not
only…but
also…意为“不但……而且……”，是并列连词，在句子中可连接相同的成分。连接主语时，谓语动词应和最近的主语保持一致。
类似用法的短语有：either...
or...或者……或者……；neither…nor…既不……也不……（两者都不）。如：
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
likes
the
movie.
不仅学生，而且老师也喜欢这部电影。（连接主语）
She
not
only
sings
well
but
also
dances
well.
她不但歌唱得好而且舞跳得也好。（连接谓语）
He
plays
not
only
the
violin
but
also
the
piano.
他不但拉小提琴而且也弹钢琴。（连接宾语）
She
is
not
only
a
dancer
but
also
a
writer.
她不仅是位舞蹈家，还是位作家。（连接表语）
Either
you
or
I
am
wrong.或者是你错了，或者是我错了。
Neither
you
nor
I
am
wrong.你和我都没有错。
知识点二
Grammar同步梳理
【知识梳理】
1.
祈使句
当我们向他人发出命令，提出请求或建议时，
常使用祈使句。如：
Be
quiet,
please!
Don’t
be
late
again!
【注】祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。
（1）祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头；
否定形式是动词原形前加
do
not/don’t
（2）为了显示客气和礼貌，我们常在祈使句中加please。当please在句末时，必须用逗号隔开。
2.
用should和had
better提建议
Had
better
和
should
都是情态动词，后接动词原形，而且均没有人称和数的变化。had
better的语气比should强一些。
You
had
better
water
the
flowers
as
soon
as
possible.
Had
better中的had可缩写为
‘d
All
of
us
should
take
part
in
this
activity.
否定形式：
had
better
not
should
not/
shouldn’t
You’d
better
not
play
computer
games
now.
He
shouldn’t
be
late
for
school
again.
知识点三
Task同步梳理
【知识梳理】
1.
cut
out切断；删去；停止；关掉
(P47)
例：I
cut
it
out
and
pinned
it
on
the
wall.
我把它剪了下来,
钉在墙上。
The
curtains
were
drawn
to
cut
out
the
sunlight.
窗帘拉上以遮挡阳光。
【拓展】cut
off切断冲断;使死亡；cut
down削减;砍倒；杀死；删节
cut
in插嘴；超车；插入；cut
into打断；侵犯；cut
down
on削减，减少
cut
up切碎；抨击；cut
back
on削减.缩减；减低；cut
away切掉，砍掉
例：
The
accident
is
often
caused
by
the
driver
who
tries
to
cut
in.
司机超车抢道造成了这起意外事故。
The
knife
easily
cut
into
the
big
cake.
刀一下子就切进了这个大蛋糕。
单项选择
As
soon
as
she
entered
the
room,
she_______
the
hat
and
sat
down.
A.
took
off
B.
gave
out
C.
got
away
D.
cut
down
答案：A
Mix
them
together.
(P49)
Mix
vt.混合
例：First,
mix
an
egg,
two
teaspoons
of
salt
two
pounds
of
ground
beef
together.
首先，把一个鸡蛋、两茶匙盐和两磅碎肉搅在一起。
In
a
bowl,
mix
together
flour,
sugar,
and
salt.
在一个碗里面，把面粉、糖和盐混合。
【拓展】mix
with和…混合
mix
in混合；相处;
mix
up混堵；梓和；调和
例：In
my
job,
he
mix
with
all
sorts
of
people.
他在工作中常和各种人打交道。
单项选择
I
need
some
help.
Can
you_______
the
apples
for
fruit
salad?
一Yes,
Mum.
I'll
do
it
right
away.
A.
put
up
B.
eat
up
C.
cut
up
D.
mix
up
答案：C
3.
Finished
(P50)
adj.
完结的，完成的；精巧的
例：He
would
like
to
be
judged
after
the
drama
is
finished.
他希望大家能在剧集完结之后再来评判他的表演。
根据汉语意思完成句子
完成后的产品如图3所示。
The_________
is
shown
in
Figure
3.
答案：finished
product
4.
Keep
trying
,
and
you
will
find
you
can
remember
things
better.
(P47)
继续努力，你会发现你可以更好地记住事物。
本句中有“Keep
trying
and
you
will..”这个句式结构，用并列连同and连接祈使句和will句式，表示“做某事后你就会怎样”。
例：Leave
it
with
him
and
he
will
see
what
I
can
do.
把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。
Think
hard
and
you'll
find
a
way.
努力去思考，你就会找到方法。
【拓展】祈使句后接陈述句时.须用连接词连接。如果祈使
句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连
接：如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。
例：Hurry
up,
or
we'll
be
late
for
school.
快点，否则我们上学要迟到。
单项选择
Lily,_______
the
door
or
someone
will
come
in.
A.
close
B.
closes
C.
not
close
D.
is
closing
答案：A
5.
Comfortable
adj.舒适的，舒服的
例：Lie
down
on
my
bed
and
make
myself
comfortable.
躺在床上让我自己舒服些。
We
have
a
comfortable
new
house.
我们有了一个舒适的新房子。
【拓展】comfort
n.安慰；舒适
vt.安慰
comfortably
adv.舒服地，安乐地uncomfortable
adj.不舒适的
例：We
talked
comfortably
of
our
plans.
我们轻松地讨论了我们的计划。
根据汉语意思完成句子
我们知道—个舒适的家可以是一个乐园。
We
know
a_______
house
may
be
an
Eden.
答案：comfortable
6.
Patient
有耐性的，能容忍的
n.病人；患者
例：She
was
patient
with
her
patients.
她对病人很有耐心。
He
is
quite
a
patient
person，compared
with
me.
跟我相比，他算是有耐性的。
【拓展】be
patient
of能忍受；be
patient
with
对…
有耐心
patiently
adv.有耐心地
impatient
adj.无耐心的
例：My
mother
has
always
been
so
patient
with
me.
我妈妈对我总是那么地有耐心。
单项选择
—I'm
really_______before
the
exam.
一Take
it
easy.
Sure
you
are
the
best.
A.
cool
B,
serious
C.
nervous
D.
patient
答案：C
7.
I
am
certain
that
I
can
fix
it
myself
.我确信我自己能够修理
我的自行车。（P51）
本句中的be
certain
that…意思是“对做某事确信或
有把握”。
例：I
can
be
certain
that
his
health
will
recover.
我可以确定他的健康会恢复。
You
may
be
certain
that
he
is
honest.
你可以确信他是诚实的。
【拓展】be
certain
to
do肯定有把握做…
be
certain(
uncertain)of/about
对…有把握（无把握）
be
certain+从句
确信…
make
certain
(of)把…
弄清楚
It
is
certain
that...确信
…
注：如是否定句，用whether不用that。
certain
adj.某些,某一
例：It
was
certain
that
our
football
team
would
win
the
game.
我们足球队肯定会贏。
It
is
not
certain
whether
he
will
come.
不能确定他是否会来。
Hunting
is
legal
only
in
certain
seasons.