高中写作专题 概要写作 课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
高中写作专题
概要写作
Writing
Learning
aims
学习提取文章各段大意.
学习词汇句型多样化.
练习概要写作.
Most
of
us
—
even
those
at
the
top
—
struggle
with
public-speaking
anxiety.
When
I
ask
my
clients
what
makes
them
nervous,
invariably
they
respond
with
the
same
answers:
“I
don’t
like
being
watched”,
“I
don’t
like
the
eyes
on
me”
or
“I
don’t
like
being
in
the
spotlight”.
To
understand
why,
we
need
to
go
way
back
to
prehistoric
times,
when
humans
regarded
eyes
watching
us
as
an
existential
threat.
Those
eyes
were
likely
predators
(肉食动物)
and
people
were
terrified
of
being
eaten
alive.
The
bad
news
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
into
public
speaking.
In
other
words,
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA.
阅读短文
Fortunately,
there
is
a
solution:
human
generosity.
The
key
to
disarming
our
panic
button
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
Studies
have
shown
that
an
increase
in
generosity
indeed
leads
to
a
decrease
in
amygdala
(扁桃腺)
activity,
which
is
responsible
for
our
panic
feeling
in
the
brain.
When
we
are
kind
to
others,
we
overcome
the
sense
of
being
under
attack
and
start
to
feel
less
nervous.
Admittedly,
this
is
hard
to
do.
But
it’s
absolutely
possible
to
become
a
generous
speaker.
To
begin
with,
when
you
start
preparing
for
a
presentation,
the
mistake
you
often
make
is
starting
with
the
topic.
Instead,
you
should
start
with
the
audience.
Identify
the
audience’s
needs,
and
craft
a
message
that
speaks
directly
to
those
needs.
Also,
you
are
the
most
nervous
right
before
you
speak.
This
is
the
moment
when
your
brain
is
telling
you,
“Everyone
is
judging
me.”
But
it
is
exactly
the
moment
when
you
should
refocus
your
brain.
Over
time,
your
brain
will
begin
to
get
it,
and
you
will
become
less
nervous.
Most
of
us
—
even
those
at
the
top
—
struggle
with
public-speaking
anxiety.When
I
ask
my
clients
what
makes
them
nervous,
invariably
they
respond
with
the
same
answers:
“I
don’t
like
being
watched”,
“I
don’t
like
the
eyes
on
me”
or
“I
don’t
like
being
in
the
spotlight”.
提取各段大意
Most
of
us
—
even
those
at
the
top
—
struggle
with
public-speaking
anxiety.
段首
To
understand
why,
we
need
to
go
way
back
to
prehistoric
times,
when
humans
regarded
eyes
watching
us
as
an
existential
threat.
Those
eyes
were
likely
predators
(肉食动物)
and
people
were
terrified
of
being
eaten
alive.
The
bad
news
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
into
public
speaking.
In
other
words,
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA.
The
bad
news
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
into
public
speaking.
In
other
words,
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA.
研究发现
Fortunately,
there
is
a
solution:
human
generosity.
The
key
to
disarming
our
panic
button
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
Studies
have
shown
that
an
increase
in
generosity
indeed
leads
to
a
decrease
in
amygdala
(扁桃腺)
activity,
which
is
responsible
for
our
panic
feeling
in
the
brain.
When
we
are
kind
to
others,
we
overcome
the
sense
of
being
under
attack
and
start
to
feel
less
nervous.
Fortunately,
there
is
a
solution:
human
generosity.
The
key
to
disarming
our
panic
button
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
the
key关键
Admittedly,
this
is
hard
to
do.
But
it’s
absolutely
possible
to
become
a
generous
speaker.
To
begin
with,
when
you
start
preparing
for
a
presentation,
the
mistake
you
often
make
is
starting
with
the
topic.
Instead,
you
should
start
with
the
audience.
Identify
the
audience’s
needs,
and
craft
a
message
that
speaks
directly
to
those
needs.
Also,
you
are
the
most
nervous
right
before
you
speak.
This
is
the
moment
when
your
brain
is
telling
you,
“Everyone
is
judging
me.”
But
it
is
exactly
the
moment
when
you
should
refocus
your
brain.
Over
time,
your
brain
will
begin
to
get
it,
and
you
will
become
less
nervous.
Admittedly,
this
is
hard
to
do.
But
it’s
absolutely
possible
to
become
a
generous
speaker.
Instead,
you
should
start
with
the
audience.
转折处
变换句型
1.Most
of
us
—
even
those
at
the
top
—
struggle
with
public-speaking
anxiety.
2.The
bad
news
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
into
public
speaking.
In
other
words,
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA.
3.Fortunately,
there
is
a
solution:
human
generosity.
The
key
to
disarming
our
panic
button
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
4.Admittedly,
this
is
hard
to
do.
But
it’s
absolutely
possible
to
become
a
generous
speaker.Instead,
you
should
start
with
the
audience.
1.Most
of
us
—
even
those
at
the
top
—
struggle
with
public-speaking
anxiety.
possible
versions：
1.Most
of
people
suffer
from
public-speaking
anxiety.
2.It
is
commonly
seen
that
we
struggle
with
pubblic-speaking
anxiety.
3.
Public-speaking
anxiety
is
a
problem
to
must
of
us.
2.The
bad
news
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
into
public
speaking.
In
other
words,
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA.
possible
versions：
1.The
reason
is
that
our
brains
have
transferred
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators(肉食动物)
into
public
speaking.
2.It
is
a
bad
news
that
public-speaking
anxiety
is
in
our
DNA
for
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators.
3.
It
is
because
that
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators
has
been
in
our
DNA.
3.Fortunately,
there
is
a
solution:
human
generosity.
The
key
to
disarming
our
panic
button
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
possible
versions：
1.The
solution
to
it
is
to
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
2.The
solve
this
problem,we
can
turn
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
and
toward
helping
the
audience.
3.
Fortunately,
we
can
solve
it
by
turning
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
to
helping
the
audience.
4.Admittedly,
this
is
hard
to
do.
But
it’s
absolutely
possible
to
become
a
generous
speaker.Instead,
you
should
start
with
the
audience.
possible
versions：
1.It
is
difficult
but
you
can
make
it
if
you
start
with
the
audience
rather
than
the
topic
when
preparing
for
a
presentation.
2.You
can
conquer
the
difficulty
by
starting
with
the
audiencerather
than
the
topic
when
preparing
for
a
presentation.
理清写作逻辑，使写作更合理通顺
1.Most
of
people
suffer
from
public-speaking
anxiety.
2.
It
is
because
that
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators
has
been
in
our
DNA.
3.
Fortunately,
we
can
solve
it
by
turning
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
to
helping
the
audience.
4.It
is
difficult
but
you
can
make
it
if
you
start
with
the
audience
rather
than
the
topic
when
preparing
for
a
presentation.
possible
versions:
Most
of
people
suffer
from
public-speaking
anxiety.It
is
because
that
the
ancient
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators
has
been
in
our
DNA.Fortunately,
we
can
solve
it
by
turning
the
focus
away
from
ourselves
to
helping
the
audience.It
is
difficult
but
you
can
make
it
if
you
start
with
the
audience
rather
than
the
topic
when
preparing
for
a
presentation.
(63)
Many
people
have
public-speaking
anxiety
because
there
are
many
eyes
on
the
speakers.
The
reason
is
that
humans
turned
the
fear
of
being
watched
by
predators
in
prehistoric
times
into
public
speaking.
To
solve
the
problem,
people
should
focus
on
helping
the
audience,
speaking
directly
to
the
audience’s
needs
and
refocusing
their
brain
before
speaking.
(55)
Homework:概括下面短文，60词左右
How
Supermarkets
Are
Changing
Britain
The
British
love
their
supermarkets.
And
there
are
more
and
more
of
them
every
year.
But
is
this
a
good
thing?
Not
necessarily.
For
a
start,
many
small
shops
can’t
compete
on
price
with
superstores
such
as
Tesco.
And
they
don’t
have
as
many
products
either.
As
a
result,
36%
of
the
UK’s
small
shops
shut
down
between
1990
and
1996
while
the
number
of
supermarkets
increased
from
457
to
1,102.
Supermarkets
have
even
had
a
negative
effect
on
the
British
pub.
Beer
and
wine
is
much
cheaper
in
a
supermarket
than
in
a
pub.
There
are
now
over
55,000
supermarkets
in
the
UK,
but
less
than
55,000
pubs.
A
decade
ago
there
were
more
than
61,000.
These
days,
pubs
are
closing
at
the
rate
of
39
a
week!
Supermarkets
are
also
bad
for
animal
welfare.
The
UK
has
high
standards
in
this
field,
but
some
supermarkets
get
their
meat
from
abroad.
And
in
many
cases,
this
meat
is
produced
under
conditions
that
would
be
illegal
in
the
UK.
But
once
they’ve
got
the
meat,
supermarkets
put
a
British
flag
on
the
product
as
the
meat
is
packed
there.
Dishonest?
Not
exactly,
but
it
isn’t
entirely
true
either!
Supermarkets
have
a
poor
environmental
record
too.
Many
of
them
don’t
store
food
products
themselves
as
storage
space
is
expensive,
so
they
get
food
producers
to
do
it
for
them.
This
means
that
supermarket
lorries
have
to
make
more
trips
to
collect
supplies.
In
turn,
this
increases
the
amount
of
petrol
used,
which
leads
to
more
pollution.
Supermarkets
also
use
a
lot
of
plastic
packaging,
which
isn’t
good
for
the
environment
either.
So,
what
can
be
done
to
help
the
“little
guys”?
Not
much
really.
Supermarkets
have
a
lot
of
power.
Many
political
parties
receive
donations
from
supermarkets.
And
supermarkets
often
use
their
money
to
influence
decisions.
For
example,
just
before
the
year
2000,
one
supermarket
gave
the
government
?12
million
to
help
build
the
Millennium
Dome
in
London.
Later,
plans
to
tax
supermarket
car
parks
were
dropped.
谢谢
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