中考英语专题归纳
词语运用
【知识点睛】
《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题的界定：
要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。
词语运用命题特点：
近几年，中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。
题材：故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。
考察范围：介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。
（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。
（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，
副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。
（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。
（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，
短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。词数在
200
左右。短文共设
10
个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。
词语运用注意事项
形式、词法、句法、基础知识
词语运用试题的做题步骤：
1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。
2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。
3、利用语境，确定词形。
4、复读全文，验证答案。
词语运用的关键：
定词：
变形：
2
一、定词
用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。
various
similar
with
care
familiar
in
trouble
destroy
medicines
depends
on
machines
gets
Today
I’m
going
to
talk
about
rainforests.
Are
you
with
them?
They’re
interesting
and
exciting
places!
Many
kinds
of
the
world’s
plants
and
animals
live
in
the
rainforests.
However,
rainforests
are
now—they
are
disappearing
very
fast
because
they
are
cut
down
or
burnt
every
day.
As
a
result,
animals
and
plants
are
dying
out.
Maybe
you
have
never
been
to
a
rainforest,
so
why
should
you
protect
them
_?
Rainforests
are
important
to
everyone.
They
are
important
because
the
plants
in
the
rainforests
make
oxygen.
We
need
oxygen
to
breathe.
Rainforest
also
help
to
control
the
weather.
When
trees
are
cut
down,
it
hotter.
Besides,
one
quarter
of
our
come
from
plants.
Many
of
these
plants
can
be
found
only
in
rainforests.
There
is
a
lot
that
we
have
not
learnt
about
rainforests.
If
we
them,
we
will
never
find
out.
In
my
opinion,
our
future
saving
the
rainforests.
We
must
tell
more
people
how
important
rainforests
are
so
that
they
will
stop
doing
harm
to
them.
We
must
protect
the
rainforests
now.
We
have
to
act
now
to
save
our
only
home.
二、变形
动词—
“What
is
the
boy
doing?”
I
asked
myself
and
looked
closely.
“Oh,
he
is
(pick)
up
a
coin
from
the
ground.”
When
he
(stand)
up,
we
saw
each
other.
I
asked
him
if
he
(need)
some
money.
He
replied,
“No.
That’s
okay.”
From
her
sad
look,
Susie
noticed
that
Mrs.
Smith
must
(cry)
for
a
long
time.
They
(live)
here
since
2000.
There
is
a
German
proverb
that
says,
“Friendship
is
a
plant
that
must
be
(water).”
The
book
written
by
Lu
Xun
(sell)
well.
(think)
about
the
connections
(
联
系
)
between
words
may
help
you
to
remember
them.
Many
children
are
left
alone
in
the
countryside.
Let’s
try
our
best
(help)
them.
Would
you
please
give
me
as
many
(suggest)
as
possible?
The
window
(break)
by
Jim
yesterday
has
been
mended.
3
Don’t
you
see
a
boy
(run)
towards
us?
形容词副词—
The
shark
got
her
left
arm,
and
hurt
her
(bad).
Luckily,
she
tried
her
best
and
swam
back
to
the
land.
He
felt
(true)
sorry
for
what
he
said.
This
kind
of
coffee
tastes
very
(well).
Her
little
dog
died
yesterday.
This
made
her
very
(happy).
A
person
who
is
(honest)
always
tells
lies.
She
didn’t
give
up
her
dream
of
becoming
a
surfer,
but
she
had
to
practice
(hard)
than
before.
Ma
Yun,
head
of
Alibaba,
is
one
of
(rich)
persons
in
the
world.
There’s
not
much
(different)
in
price
between
the
two
mobile
phones.
名词—
All
those
foreign
All
parents
worry
about
their
(thief)
have
been
caught.
(child)
success.
Do
you
know
the
girl?
She
is
a
friend
of
my
(sister).
The
story
is
really
(humor).
It
makes
all
of
us
laugh
a
lot.
I
want
to
learn
how
to
eat
(health).
数词—
Most
people
speak
English
as
a
(two)
language.
Two
(five)
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
league
members.
They
go
to
the
library
(one)
a
week.
代词—
Mother
asked
the
Greens
to
help
(they)
to
some
pears.
My
hobby
is
reading
comic
books,
what
about
(you)?
There
isn’t
(something)
wrong
with
the
computer.
介词连词
4
【精讲精练】
A
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
The
Great
Wall
is
known
as
the
eighth
wonder
of
the
world.
Every
year
thousands
of
tourists
from
all
over
the
world
come
to
visit
this
place
of
1
in
China.
Last
Saturday
I
went
to
the
Great
Wall
2
some
of
my
friends.
It
was
a
sunny
day.
On
our
way
up,
we
saw
many
volunteers
keeping
order
in
the
sun.
They
helped
the
elders
with
their
bags,
3
photos
for
some
tourists
and
answered
people’s
questions.
Though
they
are
very
4
,
they
didn’t
stop
to
have
a
rest.
We
were
deeply
moved
when
we
saw
this.
Just
at
that
moment,
we
saw
5
little
boy
standing
alone
and
crying.
We
went
over
and
asked
what
6
to
him.
From
his
answer
we
knew
that
he
couldn’t
find
his
mother.
We
told
him
not
to
7
about
it
and
then
we
tried
to
get
in
touch
with
his
mother
with
the
phone
number
he
gave
us.
Twenty
minutes
8
,
his
mother
turned
up.
When
she
saw
her
son,
she
was
very
excited
and
thanked
9
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
That
day
we
not
only
enjoyed
the
beauty
of
the
Great
Wall,
but
also
felt
the
warmth
of
the
society.
10
everyone
can
reach
out
a
helping
hand
to
others,
the
world
around
us
will
be
more
and
more
harmonious
(和谐的).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
was.
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Frank
was
a
curious
boy.
The
first
time
he
saw
an
hourglass
(沙漏),
he
wondered
what
it
His
mother
said,
“An
hourglass
is
made
in
the
s
11
of
8.
The
sand
is
put
in
at
one
end,
and
runs
through
a
small
hole
in
the
m
12
.
It
takes
the
sand
exactly
an
hour
to
run
through.”
Frank
w
13
the
little
stream
of
sand.
He
was
i
14
,
because
it
would
not
run
faster.
“Let
me
shake
it,
mother,”
said
he.
“It
is
lazy,
and
will
never
get
through.”
“It
will,
Son,”
said
his
mother.
“The
sand
moves
little
by
little,
but
it
moves
all
the
time.
When
you
look
at
the
hands
of
the
clock,
you
think
they
go
very
s
15
,
but
they
never
stop.
While
you
are
at
play,
the
sand
is
r
16
,
grain
by
grain.
The
hands
of
the
clock
are
moving,
second
by
second.
At
night,
the
sand
in
the
hourglass
has
run
through
twelve
times.
5
The
hour
hand
of
the
clock
has
moved
a
17
its
great
face.
This
is
because
they
keep
working
every
minute.
They
do
not
stop
to
t
18
how
much
they
have
to
do
and
how
long
it
will
take
them
to
do
it.”
Now,
Frank’s
mother
wanted
him
to
learn
a
little
poem,
but
he
said,
“Mother,
I
can
never
learn
i
19
.”
His
mother
said,
“Study
all
the
time.
N
20
stop
to
ask
how
long
it
will
take
to
learn
it.”
Frank
followed
his
mother’s
advice.
He
studied
line
after
line,
very
busily;
and
in
one
and
a
half
hours
he
knew
the
poem
perfectly.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
(
another
carry
control
have
life
well
tree
so
usual
wild
)用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
Animals
are
important
in
Indian
culture
and
are
treated
in
a
special
way.
For
example,
a
lot
of
elephants
aren’t
21
.
They
are
domesticated
(驯养的).
They
aren’t
kept
as
pets,
but
as
working
animals.
Every
working
elephant
22
its
own
keeper.
An
elephant
and
its
keeper
meet
for
the
first
time
when
they
are
both
young,
and
they
grow
up
together.
In
fact,
their
relationship
continues
for
the
rest
of
the
elephant’s
23
—
perhaps
40
years.
Lots
of
elephants
work
in
the
forest,
moving
heavy
24
when
they
are
cut
down.
Some
give
rides
to
tourists,
or
25
people
during
celebrations
and
festivals.
Keepers
take
excellent
care
of
their
elephants,
feeding
them
26
and
giving
them
a
bath
at
the
end
of
the
working
day.
27
special
animal
in
India
is
the
cow.
Cows
are
protected
animals,
28
they
aren’t
kept
on
farms
or
killed
for
food,
although
people
do
use
their
milk.
So
in
India
you
can
often
see
cows
walking
around
towns
and
cities,
and
nobody
tries
29
them.
If
they
sit
down
in
the
middle
of
the
road,
people
30
drive
around
them!
Do
you
think
it’s
interesting?
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
6
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
词语运用的关键：定词
变形
定词：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词
变形：
动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
形容词/副词：词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
名词：单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
数词：基数词序数词变化、单复数等
代词：单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等一、定词
（动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词）
familiar,
in
trouble,
various,
with
care,
gets,
medicines,
destroy,
depends
on
二、变形
动词—时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
1.
picking；stood
2.
needed
3.
have
cried
4.
have
lived
5.
watered
6.
sells
7.
Thinking
8.
to
help
9.
suggestions
10.
broken
11.
running
形容词副词—词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
12.
badly
13.
truly
14.
good
15.
unhappy
16.
dishonest
17.
harder
18.
the
richest
19.
difference
名词—单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
20.
thieves
21.
children’s
22.
sister’s
23.
humorous
24.
healthily
数词—基数词序数词变化、单复数等
25.
second
26.
fifths
27.
once
代词—单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等
28.
themselves
29.
yours
30.
anything
【精讲精练】
A
篇
1.
interest
2.
with
3.
took
4.
tired
5.
a
6.
happened
7.
worry
8.
later
9.
us
10.
If
B
篇
11.
shape
12.
middle
13.
watched
14.
impatient
15.
slow/slowly
16.
running
17.
around
18.
think
19.
it
20.
Never
C
篇
7
21.
wild
22.
has
23.
life
24.
trees
25.
carry
26.
well
27.
Another
28.
so
29.
to
control
30.
usually
8【试题
1】
中考英语专题练习
词语运用专题（习题）
阅读短文，根据汉语、首字母、音标或语境的提示，在空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词意义准确，拼写正确。
The
Silk
Road
is
a
historically
important
international
trade
route
(
路
线
)
between
China
and
the
Mediterranean
Sea
(地中海).
It
began
1
(
在……
期间)
the
Western
Han
Dynasty
and
has
been
a
b
2
between
East
and
West
for
over
2,000
years.
The
ancient
road
started
from
Chang’an
(now
Xi’an)
and
ended
in
Eastern
3
/'ju?r?p/,
near
today’s
Turkey
and
the
Mediterranean
Sea.
It
was
about
6,500
kilometers
long
and
went
across
one-fourth
of
the
planet.
The
Silk
Road
got
its
name
b
4
Chinese
silk
used
to
be
carried
along
this
road.
Silk,
jade,
ceramics
and
iron
w
5
west
to
Rome.
And
from
the
West
came
glass,
gems
and
food
like
carrots
and
sesame.
The
Silk
Road
was
very
important
to
both
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.
It
was
6
_
than
an
ancient
international
trade
route.
Besides
trade,
7_
/'n?l?d?/
about
arts,
science
and
literature,
as
well
as
crafts
(工艺)
and
technologies
was
8
(分享)
across
the
Silk
Road.
In
this
way,
languages
and
cultures
9
(
发
展
)
and
influenced
each
other.
Today,
along
the
Silk
Road
there’re
many
places
of
10
,
such
as
the
Terracotta
Warriors
in
Xi’an
and
Mogao
Grottoes
in
Dunhuang.
Now
a
new
train
line
runs
from
Beijing
across
the
Silk
Road.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
【试题
2】
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
A
car
stopped
outside
the
Cherry
Hotel
and
a
young
man
got
out.
Mrs.
Smith
said
to
the
young
man,
“What
can
I
do
for
you,
sir?”
“Excuse
me,”
the
young
man
said,
“I
am
l
11
for
my
uncle,
Mr.
White.
He
has
been
away
from
home
s
12
two
days
ago.
I
think
he
is
staying
here.”
“Yes,
he
is.”
Mrs.
Smith
said.
“But
I’m
afraid
that
he
went
back
to
London
yesterday.”
“Oh,
dear,”
said
the
young
man,
looking
sad,
“I
went
to
his
house,
but
I
was
t
13
by
his
children
that
he
was
going
to
stay
here
until
the
end
of
the
week.”
1
“Yes,”
said
Mrs.
Smith.
“He
wanted
to
stay
here
the
whole
week,
but
yesterday
someone
called
him
saying
that
one
of
his
friends
w
14
ill.
So
he
caught
the
train
back
to
London
to
see
the
friend
a
15
once.”
“He
should
let
me
k
16
.”
the
young
man
said.
“I
wrote
him
a
l
17
,
saying
that
I
was
coming.
Well,
since
he
isn’t
here,
I
won’t
wait
any
longer.”
The
young
man
thanked
Mrs.
Smith
and
went
out.
Mrs.
Smith
watched
h
18
leave.
When
his
car
couldn’t
be
seen,
she
called
out,
“You
can
come
out
now,
Mr.
White.
He’s
gone.”
Mr.
White
came
out
of
the
bedroom.
“Many
thanks,
Mrs.
Smith.”
he
said
laughing.
“You
did
very
w
19
.
The
young
man
is
my
nephew
(
侄
子
).
When
he
n
20
money,
he
will
look
for
me
everywhere.
Next
time
he
won’t
tell
me
by
writing
me
a
letter.”
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
【试题
3】
(
say
way
star
long
though
popular
he
hand
call
make
because
between
)用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。
Are
you
still
doing
the
“V”
for
victory
sign?
It’s
out.
The
latest
popular
hand
gesture
(
手势
)
is
putting
both
of
your
hands
together
to
make
a
heart
shape.
It
is
21
“hand
heart”.
Many
young
pop
22
in
the
US
have
done
the
move
in
recent
photos.
“The
‘hand
heart’
gesture
means
something
23
‘I
love
you’
and
‘thank
you’,”
said
Taylor
Swift,
the
country
singer.
“You
can
send
a
sweet,
simple
message
without
24
a
word.”
Swift
often
does
it
at
her
concerts.
And
she
is
believed
to
be
the
first
to
25
it
popular.
Last
month,
Justin
Bieber
and
26
superstar
friends
did
the
“hand
heart”
and
put
the
photos
online.
They
did
it
to
help
out
three
kids
whose
parents
were
killed
in
a
car
accident.
“It
used
to
take
much
27
for
non-verba（l
非语言的）culture
to
move.
But
now,
it
moves
faster
28
we
have
smart
phones
and
the
Internet.
In
the
Republic
of
Korea,
the
“hand
heart”
has
been
29
for
a
long
time,
but
in
a
different
30
.
People
there
put
their
hands
above
their
heads
and
make
a
bigger
heart
shape
with
their
arms.
It
means
“I
love
you.”
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
2
【参考答案】
【试题
1】
【试题
2】
1.during
6.
more
11.
looking
2.
bridge
7.
knowledge
12.
since
3.
Europe
8.
shared
13.
told
4.
because
9.
developed
14.
was
5.
went
10.
interest
15.
at
16.
know
17.
letter
18.
him
19.
well
20.
needs
【试题
3】
21.
called
22.
stars
23.
between
24.
saying
25.
make
26.
his
27.
longer
28.
because
29.
popular
30.
way
3
