中考英语二轮词法专题学案之介词一： 核心时间介词

词法之介词与连词(1)
什么是介词?
介：在两者当中：～绍。媒～。这座山～于两县之间。
英语中介词是介于两个成分中间的词
介词短语、形容词短语、不及物动词后时我们常用介词的地方
介词的分类
方法一：构成形式
简单介词
有一个词组成的介词叫做简单介词。at在......
about关于......
above在......上
between在...（和...)之间
by在...附近
down从...往下
except除......外
for为了，对于
from从......since自从......
with和（用）......
合成介词
由两个词合成在一起的介词称为合成介词。inside在...里面
outside在...外面
onto在...之上
into到...里
nearby在...附近
throughout遍及within在...之内
without没有
双重介词
由两个简单介词在一起合用构成的介词称为双重介词。from
behind
the
house从房子后面from
beyond
the
mountain从山那边from
among
you从你们中间from
under
the
tree从树底下
短语介词
由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成的介词称为短语介词。短语介词在意义和作用上相当于一个接单介词。according
to根据
along
with连同
in
place
of替代
at
the
back
of...在...后面
instead
of取代，而不是
in
front
of...在...前面
at
the
top
of...在...顶上
thanks
to幸亏，由于
because
of因为
regardless
of不管
on
behalf
of代表
at
the
cost
of...以...为代价
带-ing词尾的介词
在英语中有一部分动词的-ing形式具备介词的性质，在很多情况下，被视为介词。regarding关于
concerning关于
including包括
providing关于
（补充带-ed词尾的一个常用介词：given/given
that考虑到）
方法二：意义
时间介词
表原料
表不足
地点介词
表价格
表状态
原因介词
表让步
表支持
目的介词
表排除
表反对
表“关于……”
表超过
介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当
一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
　　1、
作定语：
The
book
on
the
table
is
mine.
　　2、
作状语：
have
breakfast
at
seven.
We
(表时间)They
were
late
for
meeting
because
of
the
heavy
;
rain.(表原因)
;They
started
the
machine
by
pressing
the
button.(表方法)
　　3、
作表语：
My
dictionary
is
in
the
bag.
　　4、
作宾语补足语：
I
found
him
in
the
office.
一、时间介词
(1)
on;
in;
at三大超级时间介词的辨析
I
started
work
at
8
o’clock.
Goodbye!
See
you
on
Sunday.
I’m
going
on
holiday
in
April.
用at/on/in填空
September
2
September
Thursday
winter
1987
half
past
two
介词
普通用法
特别用法
at
点钟时刻前
at/on
the
weekend
at
night/noon/dawnat
Christmas在...的末尾/开始___________________目前_______________/_____________
on
某天
①某天的上下午晚上on
the
morning
of
1st
October②上下午晚上有修饰词on
a
early
morning
in
①年、月、季节、世纪in
2020/January/spring/21st
century②上下午晚上in
the
morning/afternoon/evening
练习
改错
At
the
end,
I
know
who
is
dead.
用in/on/at填空
在周一的早上
_____Monday
morning
在一个寒冷的晚上_____a
cold
evening
在圣诞节期间_____Christmas
在圣诞节当天_____Christmas
Day
在早上_____the
morning
在周五早上_____Friday
morning
在黄昏_____dawn
最后_____the
end
在这天结束时_____the
end
of
the
day
在冬天______
winter
在冬天的一个寒冷早晨_______a
cold
winter
morning
句型练习
1.Goodbye!
See
you_____
Friday.
2.Where
were
you_____1st
April.
3.Let’s
meet
_____
7.30
tomorrow
evening.
4.I
started
my
high
school_____1
September
2020.
5.I
started
my
high
school_____September
2020.
6.I
started
my
high
school
_____2020.
7.Tom
isn’t
here_____the
moment.
8.I’ll
send
you
the
money_____
the
end
of
the
month.
(2)
核心时间介词before
/
after
/
during
/
while
before,
after
,
during
VS
before,
after
,
while
before,
after
,
during
before
(在...之前)before
the
film
Everybody
is
nervous
before
exams.
during
(在...期间)during
the
film
I
went
to
sleep
during
the
cartoon.
after(在...之后)after
the
film
We
were
tired
after
our
visit
to
the
museum.
练习
判断句子对错
We
didn’t
speak
during
we
were
eating
the
meal.
We
didn’t
speak
during
the
meal.
We
didn’t
speak
during
eating
the
meal.
Before
eating
the
apple,
I
washed
it
carefully.
I
started
work
after
reading
the
newspaper.
完成句子：
1.After___________(do)
the
shopping,
they
went
home.
2.I
felt
sick
after
___________(eat)
too
much
chocolate.
3.I’m
going
to
ask
you
a
question.
Think
carefully
before
________(answer)
it.
4.I
felt
awful
when
I
got
up
this
morning.
I
felt
better
after__________(take)
a
shower.
5.After_________(finish)
my
work,
I
left
the
office
and
went
home.
6.Before
_________(go)
to
a
foreign
country,
it’s
a
good
idea
to
learn
a
few
words
of
the
language.
用ing形式造句
1.They
do
the
shopping.
Then
they
go
home
After________________________,
_________________________.
2.John
left
school.
Then
he
worked
in
a
bookshop
for
two
years.
John
worked________________________,
_________________________.
3.I
read
a
few
pages
of
my
book.
Then
I
go
to
sleep.
Before________________________,
_________________________.
4.We
walked
for
three
hours.
We
were
very
tired.
After________________________,
_________________________.
5.let’s
have
a
cup
of
coffee.
Then
we’ll
go
out.
Let’s________________________before_________________________.
before,
after
,
while
before
(在...之前)before
we
play
tennis
Don’t
forget
to
close
the
door
before
you
go
out.
while
(在...时候)while
we
are
playing
tennis
I
often
go
to
sleep
while
I’m
watching
TV.
after(在...之后)after
we
play
tennis
They
will
go
home
after
they
do
the
shopping.
练习
用during/while填空
George
phoned_________you
were
out.
The
students
looked
very
bored_________the
lesson.
Do
you
watch
TV_________having
dinner?
I
don’t
usually
watch
TV_________the
day
Don’t
watch
TV________you
are
doing
your
homework?
用before/after/while/during填空
Don’t
forget
to
wash
your
hands________you
have
meals.
Many
people
died________the
war.
We
should
arrive________dark.
You
can
go
swimming
________
I'm
having
lunch.
Remind
me
to
call
Alan
_______
I
go
out.
Keep
still
_______
I
brush
your
hair.
I'll
do
my
homework
_______supper
Anna
will
drive
me
home
_______
she
finishes
her
work.
(3)
核心时间介词until
/
till
until=till
直到，截止到…时
They
are
going
away
tomorrow.
They
will
be
away
until(till)
Friday.
Wait
here
until
(till)
I
come
back.
until用法
知识点一：I
slept
until
the
next
day.I
slept
until
my
mother
came
back.
延续性动词
知识点二：判断句子对错I
went
to
bed
until
my
mother
came
back.I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
my
mother
came
back.
短暂性动词+not
→
not....until直到...才
练习
单选题
1.In
summer,
food
goes
bad
easily________it
is
put
in
the
fridge.
A.
until
B.
if
C.
unless
2.It
is
a
serious
problem.
We
can’t
decide________Mr.
Harris
comes
back.
A.
while
B.
since
C.
until
D.
so
3.You
should
stay
on
the
subway________Tiananmen
station
and
then
get
out.
A.
while
B.
for
C.
before
D.
till
强化练习
1.?Children?get?gifts?____?Christmas?and?____?their?birthdays.
A.?on;?on?
B.?at;?on?
C.?in;?in?
D.?in;?on
2.----There?is?nothing?____tomorrow?afternoon,?is?there?
-----No.?We?can?have?a?game?of?table?tennis.
A.?on?
B.?in?
C.?out?
D.?up?
3.?A?lot?of?students?in?our?school?were?born____March,?1981.
A.?in?
B.?at?
C.?on?
D.?since
4.?He?suddenly?returned____?a?rainy?night.
A.?on?
B.?at?
C.?in?
D.?during
5.?My?grandfather?was?born____Oct.?10,?1935.
A.?on
?B.?in
?C.?at?
D.?of
6.?The?train?is?starting___five?minutes.
A.?in?
B.?at?
C.?for?
D.still
7.?Mike?does?his?exercises?____?seven?_____?the?evening.
A.?on;?to?
B.?at;?in?
C.?by;?of?
D.?at;?on
8.?Children?wake?up?very?early____the?morning?of?Christmas?Day.
A.?in?
B.?on?
C.?for?
D.?at
9.?____?a?cold?winter?morning,?I?met?her?in?the?street.
A.?In?
B.?On?
C.?At?
D.?For
10.?It?happened?to?be?very?cold____?the?morning?of?our?sports?meeting.
A.?at?
B.?on?
C.?with?
D.?of
11.?Why?did?you?get?up?so?early?___?this?morning.
A.?on?
B.?/?
C.?at?
D.?in
12.?He?went?to?Shanghai___?September?3,?1991?and?came?back___?a?cold?morning?last?year.
A.?in;?on?
B.?on;?in?
C.?on;?on?
D.?in;?ia
13.?Lucy?was?born____?the?night?of?May?12,?1984.
A.?on?
B.?in?
C.?at?
D.?to
14.?Mrs?Brown?came?to?China?____?1996.
A.on?
B.?of?
C.?to
D.?in
15?___?the?morning?of?November?20,?1915,?the?workers?came?to?Chicago?to?show?their?mourning?of?Joe?Hill.
A.?On?
B.?In?
C.?On?
D.?At
16.?Ann?moved___Hangzhou___September,?1992.
A.?/;?in??
B.?to;?in?
C.?to;?on?
D,?in;?in
17.?They?started?off___an?autumn?afternoon.
A.?during?
B.?at?
C.?in?
D.?on
18.?He?often?goes?____?school?____?six?thirty?____?the?morning.
A.?for;?to;?in?
B.?to;?at;?in?
C.?to;?for;?at?
D,?for;?at;?to
19.?He?arrived?___?Shanghai?___?9:?30?___?March?5.?
A.?at;?in;?at?
B.?to;?on;?at?
C.?in;?on;?at?
D.?in;?at;?on
20.The?English?teacher?told?me?to?get?there____?half?past?ten.
A:?in?
B.?at?
C.?on?
D.?of
答案：B?A?A?A?A???A?B?B?B?B???B?C?A?D?B???A?D?B?D?B?