(共30张PPT)
单 项 填 空 题
高考题型专题复习
命题特征
解题技巧
专题练习
命题要点
单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征
知识覆盖面广
语境地位突出
交际性原则明确
试题题干新颖
迷惑性较大
灵活性较高
连词、代词
形容词、副词
介词搭配
惯用短语
短语动词
情态动词
动词语态
句子结构
动词时态
非谓语动词
单项填空题解题指导
巧用结构还原
排除思维定势
注意假性原型
区分相似结构
克服汉英差异
巧用结构还原
题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句或简单句结构，从而达到加大难度。
1. To all of you _____ the honor for the success．
A．belongs to B．belong to
C．belongs D．belong
分析：倒装句，还原后为：
The honor for the success belongs to all of you.
c
2. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time ____our lesson well.
C
3.——What made her mother so angry ——____the exam.
A. Because she did not pass
B. Her not passing
C. She did not pass
D. Because her not passing
分析；将回答题干补全为：______the exam made her mother so angry.
B
将不熟悉的疑问句，感叹句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。
解题决窍：
排除思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
例如：
1. I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
C
2. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to？
A．that B．where C．why D．when
A
分析：很容易受can’t help doing 这一定势干扰。
分析：如果不仔细分析句子成分结构，就容易习 惯性地受the reason why….这结构影响。
3.---Where did you get to know the professor over there
---It was at the workshop___ we did the research together two years ago.
A. that B. there C. which D .where
D
分析：这题学生非常容易选强调句型It was…that,因为对这句型大家非常熟悉。但却忽略了用强调句型所传达的意思是不能有效回答前面提的问题的，也就是答非所问。
分析句子结构，正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。
解题决窍：
注意假性原型
对解决问题产生启发作用的事物叫原型.在英语学习中,学习者受其自身知识水平的制约,容易将貌似原型的事物当作原型,以致获取了错误的解决问题的方案.命题者往往会利用学生这一心理特点,故意设置一些所谓的原型,来诱使学生模仿.此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。
1. --I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. --If your wife does, so _______ mine. A. is B. do C. does D. will
D
2.— Has Sam finished his homework today
—I have no idea. He ______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
分析：学生容易受条件从句中时态影响，误选C。
分析：学生容易受题干中时态的影响。
C
3.－Hey, look where you are going
－Oh, I'm terribly sorry.＿＿＿．
A. I‘m not noticing B. I wasn't noticing
C. I haven‘t noticing D. I don't noticing
B
分析：学生容易受题干中时态where are you going的影响。
要排除这类题设“陷阱”的诱导，就必须全面把握题干的语境,努力拓展思维的广度，注意对所获取的信息的分析和比较，决不可凭一知半解就匆忙作结论。另外，这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。
解题决窍：
区分相似结构
我们时常会碰到这样一些单项选择题，它们的题干在句式，句型，词语搭配及用法等方面近乎一致,有时仅是一个词,一个标点符号之别。然而，就是这些细微差别，却往往导致题意以及答案的迥然不同。
A
B
D
Is this school ________ you visited the other day
Is this school ________ you visited your uncle the other day
Is this the school ______ you visited the other day
Is this the school ______ you visited your uncle the other day
the one B. where C. when D. that
B
分析：第一句是缺先行词的定语从句。改成陈述句是this school ____ (that ) you visited….
第二句是where 引导的状语从句。表学校在什么地方。
第三，四句都是定语从句。前者先行词在从句中做宾语，后者作状语。
It is such a difficult text _______ none of us can understand.
It is such a difficult text _______ none of us can understand it. A. as B. which C. that D. where
C
A
分析：
第一句是定语从句。因为先行词such引导，因此引导词要用as. As在后面的从句中担当understand 的宾语
第二句是such….that句型。此句型中引导词that 在后面的句子中是不担当成分的，因此后面的句子是完整的。
_______ from the hill, the park seems beautiful.
_______ from the hill, you'll find the park beautiful.
_______ from the hill, and you'll find the park beautiful. A. See B. Seen C. Seeing D. to be seen
C
B
A
分析：
前两句是非谓语，解题关键是判断后面主句逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
第三句是一个固定句型。前面用祈使句或名词短语，后面用and或者or来承接。
经常有意识地辑录一些结构相似的选择题并对其进行认真的对比练习，必能提高自己的观察能力和应变能力.解答这类习题时，首先应通过比较弄清句子结构之间的相似之处与不同之处，在此基础上再注意分析其题旨和命题角度,试图从中找到答题的契机。
解题诀窍
克服汉英差异
母语对英语既有促进,也有干扰,两者之间在某些方面的不一致现象是形成干扰的基本原因。英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用这些差异出题。
1.– It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
- OK. ______ .
Ａ．Take it easy B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer D. See you
D
B
2. The population of China is _____than that of Russia.
A. much more B. much larger
C. many more D. many larger
分析：中国人在告别时经常会说慢走，但英文中却不会有此表达。
分析：在中文中人口是用多少来表达的，有些学生就容易受此干扰。
3. There was once a cruel king _____in the castle.
A. lived B. who lives
C. was living D. living
D
分析：there be 句型是学生易错的，尤其在写作中。这很大程度上是因为中文思维的习惯。
答题时,不能从母语的角度在英语中寻求对等的规律， 平时学会区别两种语言在语言知识和社会文化方面的不同之处,并认真进行辨别和对比，力求从对比中把握语言的正确性和得体性，尽量避免Chinglish。
解题决窍：
1． 推敲——体会为主
近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。
提高语境选择题解题质量的思考
2． 运用——实践为主
根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识。在实践中训练对语言的敏感度，提高合理，得体运用语言的能力。
3． 提高----精练为主
单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。(共24张PPT)
对比类写作训练
对比类作文写作指导
2006年浙江省高考作文
当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer ”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文： 1、 看电影：省时、有趣、易懂 2、 读原著：细节更多、语言优美 3、 我的看法及理由 注意：1、词数：100-120 文章题目和开头已给出（不计入词数）。 2、参考词汇： original work 或 book in the original （原著）
想一想：
1.分几段来写？
2. 每段的内容安排？
3. 怎样连接这几段？（过渡，关联词 ）
Film or book, which do you prefer Some of us think that it is better to …… than to …… The reason is that …… Besides, …… and it is easier to ……
Some others have just the opposite opinion.
They think that …… Meanwhile, ……
Personally, I agree with the second view. I think …… and what’s more, …… In a word, ……
写作框架：
点题概括
（第1步）
具体对比阐述
（第2步）
表达观点
（第3步）
1. 点题概括
认真审题, 准确理解主题内容, 并用一两句话将主题概括性地导出。
2. 具体对比阐述
今昔对比的写作要注意突出过去与现在的区别，一般通过对细节的描述展现，同时注意对比关联词的使用。
正反观点对比的写作要注意客观地介绍两方观点，不能只侧重一方而忽略另一方。
3. 表达观点
在前两步的基础上写出自己的观点（有的题目无此要求）。
经典语句：
过去与现在对比
I used to read the newspaper, but now I prefer to watch TV.
He once knew her, but they are no longer friends now.
Tom liked to collect stamps when he was young, although now he enjoys climbing.
Ten years ago there was only one middle school here, yet now there are five.
We played basketball in the past, while we play football now.
2.正反观点对比
We’ve had the discussion about whether… (点题句）
Opinions are divided on the question… On the one hand, …( A 观点） On the other hand, … ( B 观点）
Every thing has two sides. In my opinion, … (收尾句）
1. 表示罗列增加 besides, in addition ……
★ 过渡词的恰当使用
2. 表示解释说明 for example, for instance……
3. 表示时间顺序 firstly, to begin with ……
4. 表示转折 however, on the contrary ……
5.表示条件 as (so) long as, unless ……
6. 表示因果 therefore, as a result (of) ……
7. 表示让步 as, even if ……
8. 表示强调 indeed no doubt ……
9. 表示概括归纳 in a word, in short ……
5.表示条件 as (so) long as, unless ……
6. 表示因果 therefore, as a result (of) ……
7. 表示让步 as, even if ……
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞同的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
……
…… ……
…… ……
注意: 1. 文章必须包括表中的所有内容；
2. 词数为100左右。
参考词汇：
online friend (网络朋友), to be cheated ( 上当受骗）
试一试吧：
Should students make friends online Some people say yes. The Internet helps make many friends. By chatting online, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely, and even get help with their foreign language studies.
Others, however, think students should not make friends online. They say making friends online is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated online.
It is my opinion that students should place study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it among our classmates and other people around us.
1. Susan was ill in hospital. She couldn’t go to the concert. (现在分词)
2. The professor entered the hall. His students followed him. (过去分词)
(一) 、非谓语动词的使用
Being ill in hospital, Susan couldn’t……
Followed by his students, the professor ……
★ 巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力
1. He didn’t realize his danger until he was left alone.
Not until
2.We can save the animals by changing the plants we eat.
Only
3.She is clever but she never works hard.
as
he was left alone did he realize …
by changing the plants we eat can we save…
Clever she is, she never …
(二)、倒装句的使用
He didn’t realize his danger until he was left alone.
The teacher’s words encouraged her greatly.
(三)、强调句的使用
It was not until he was left alone that he realized his danger.
It was the teacher’s words that encouraged her greatly.
1. To our surprise, he refused to take the position.
2. I won’t believe what he says.
What surprised us was that he refused …
No matter what you say, I won’t believe.
(四)、从句的使用
3.When he climbed up higher, he felt more breathless.
The higher he climbed up , the more breathless he felt.
4. We all know that China will host the 2008 Olympic Games.
As is known to all, China will host the 2008 Olympic Games.
1. The manager had many problems to solve. He looked worried. (with)
2. When he arrived home , he found his house freshly painted.
With many problems to solve, the manager looked worried.
（五）、介词短语的使用
On his arrival home , he found his house freshly painted.
★使用高级词汇、词组以增加文采
1. The tourists had to ask the villagers for help.
The tourists had no choice but to ask the villagers for help.
2. The car was expensive .I can’t afford it.
The car was so expensive that it was beyond my reach.
3. I had a good idea.
A good idea struck me./ I came up with a good idea. /A good idea occurred to me.
May you
succeed
In writing
