Unit
5 Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
导读：曼德拉曾在牢中服刑27年，在其40年的政治生涯中获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为“南非国父”，而且是一位当代英雄。
Nelson
Mandela:
several
things
you
didn't
know
Nelson
Mandela
was
an
international
figure,
and
many
details
of
his
life
and
career
were
public
knowledge.
But
here
are
several
things
you
may
not
have
known
about
the
late
South
African
leader.
★His
original
name
was
not
Nelson.
Rolihlahla
Mandela
was
seven
years
old
when
a
teacher
gave
him
an
English
name—Nelson—according
to
the
custom
to
give
all
school
children
Christian
names.
This
was
common
practice
in
South
Africa
and
in
other
parts
of
the
continent,
where
a
person
could
offen
be
given
an
English
name
that
foreigners
would
find
easier
to
pronounce.
★He
was
a
boxing
fan.
In
his
youth,
Nelson
Mandela
enjoyed
boxing
and
long?distance
running.
Even
during
the
27
years
he
spent
in
prison,
he
would
exercise
every
morning.
“I
did
not
enjoy
the
violence
of
boxing
so
much
as
the
science
of
it，”
he
wrote
in
his
autobiography
(自传)
Long
Walk
to
Freedom.
In
the
Mandela
Family
Museum
in
Soweto,
visitors
can
find
the
world
championship
belt
given
to
Mandela
by
American
boxer
Sugar
Ray
Leonard.
★He
forgot
his
glasses
when
he
was
released
from
prison.
Mr
Mandela's
release
on
11
February
1990
followed
years
of
political
pressure
against
apartheid
(种族隔离政策).
Mr
Mandela's
reading
glasses
stayed
behind
in
prison
when
Mr
Mandela
and
his
then
wife
Winnie
were
taken
to
the
centre
of
Cape
Town
to
address
a
huge
and
excited
crowd.
But
when
he
pulled
out
the
text
of
his
speech,
he
realized
he
had
forgotten
his
glasses
and
had
to
borrow
his
wife's.
★He
had
his
own
law
firm,
but
it
took
him
years
to
get
a
law
degree.
Mr
Mandela
studied
law
on
and
off
for
50
years
from
1939,
failing
about
half
the
courses
he
took.
A
two?year
diploma
(毕业文凭)
in
law
on
top
of
his
university
degree
allowed
him
to
practise,
and
in
August
1952,
he
and
Oliver
Tambo
set
up
South
Africa's
first
black
law
firm,
Mandela
and
Tambo,
in
Johannesburg.
He
finally
got
a
law
degree
while
in
prison
in
1989.
Task:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
no
more
than
3
words
according
to
the
passage.
People
may
not
have
known
about
these
things
about
the
late
South
African
leader
Nelson
Mandela.
Firstly,
Nelson,
a
Christian
name
given
by
1.a/his
teacher,
was
not
his
original
name.
Secondly,
he
was
very
interested
in
2.boxing
and
running
and
exercised
nearly
every
morning.
He
was
given
a
3.world
championship
belt
by
a
famous
boxer.
Thirdly,
he
forgot
his
glasses
when
he
was
set
free
from
prison
and
he
had
to
use
his
wife's
to
4.make
a
speech.
Fourthly,
before
he
got
5.a
law
degree,
his
two?year
diploma
in
law
allowed
him
to
start
South
Africa's
first
black
law
firm.
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．quality
n.
质量；品质；性质
2．mean
adj.
吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．active
adj.
积极的；活跃的
4．self
n.
自我；自身
selfish
adj.
自私的
selfless
adj.
无私的；忘我的
selflessly
adv.
无私地；忘我地
5．devote
vt.
(与to连用)献身；专心于
devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
6．found
vt.
建立；建设
7．peaceful
adj.
和平的；平静的；安宁的
peace
n.
和平；平静；安宁
8．guidance
n.
指导；领导
guide
v.
指导；带领
9．legal
adj.
法律的；依照法律的
illegal
adj.
非法的
10．stage
n.
舞台；阶段；时期
11．vote
vt.&vi.
投票；选举；n.
投票；选票；表决
12．attack
vt.
进攻；攻击；抨击
13．violence
n.
暴力；暴行
violent
adj.
暴力的
14．equal
adj.
相等的；平等的
equally
adv.
平等地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．out
of
work
失业
2．as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
3．blow
up
使充气；爆炸
4．in
trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．turn
to
求助于；致力于
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．when引导定语从句
However,
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
2．where引导定语从句
The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
3．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首引起部分倒装
...only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
课文预读
ELIAS'
STORY
My
name
is
Elias.
I
am
a
poor
black
worker
in
South
Africa.
The
time
when
I
first
met
Nelson
Mandela
was
a
very
difficult
period
of
my
life.
I
was
twelve
years
old.
It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer①
to
whom
I
went
for
advice②.
He
offered
guidance③
to
poor
black
people
on
their
legal④
problems.
He
was
generous
with⑤
his
time,
for
which
I
was
grateful⑥.
I
needed
his
help
because
I
had
very
little
education.
I
began
school⑦
at
six.
The
school
where
I
studied
for
only
two
years⑧
was
three
kilometres
away.
I
had
to
leave
because
my
family
could
not
continue
to
pay
the
school
fees⑨
and
the
bus
fare⑩.
I
could
not
read
or
write
well.
After
trying
hard,
I
got
a
job
in
a
gold
mine.
However,
this
was
a
time
when?
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook?
to
live
in
Johannesburg?.
Sadly
I
did
not
have
one
because
I
was
not
born
there,
and
I
worried
about
whether
I
would
become
out
of
work?.
①lawyer
[?l??j?]
n．律师
②to
whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
black
lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go
to
sb.
for
advice去某人处寻求建议)。
③guidance
[?ɡaId?ns]
n．指导；领导
④legal
[?li?ɡl]
adj.法律的；依照法律的；合法的
⑤be
generous
with/about在……方面慷慨大方
⑥for
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be
grateful
for
sth.对某事非常感激)。
⑦school
n．(抽象名词)学校教育
⑧where
I
studied
for
only
two
years是where引导的定语从句，修饰the
school。
⑨fee
[fi?]
n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金
⑩fare
n.
费(车费、船费、飞机票价等)
?this
is/was
a
time
when...这是一个……的时期。when引导定语从句，修饰a
time。
?passbook
[?pɑ?s?b?k]
n．南非共和国有色人种的身份证
?Johannesburg
[d????h?nIsb??ɡ]
n．约翰内斯堡(南非城市)
?out
of
work失业
伊莱亚斯的故事
[第1～2段译文]
我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他向那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地把他的时间都给了我，我为此非常感激。
由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我6岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有3千米远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我担心我会失业。
The
day
when
Nelson
Mandela
helped
me
was
one
of
my
happiest.
He
told
me
how
to
get
the
correct
papers?
so
I
could
stay
in
Johannesburg.
I
became
more
hopeful?
about
my
future.
I
never
forgot
how
kind
Mandela
was.
When
he
organized
the
ANC
Youth?
League?，
I
joined
it
as
soon
as
I
could?.
He
said：
“The
last
thirty
years
have
seen?
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.”
?papers
n．证件
?hopeful
[?h??pfl]
adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
become/be
hopeful
about对……充满希望
?youth
[ju?θ]
n．青年；青年时期
?league
[li?ɡ]
n．同盟；联盟；联合会
Youth
League青年团
?as
soon
as
I
could我尽可能早地
?see此处用了拟人化的写作手法，意为“目睹；见证”。本句运用了“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
stage
[steId?]
n．舞台；阶段；时期
where
we
have...是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
stage。[第3～4段译文]
纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他是多么善良。当他组织非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
It
was
the
truth.
Black
people
could
not
vote
or
choose
their
leaders.
They
could
not
get
the
jobs
they
wanted.
The
parts
of
town
in
which
they
had
to
live
were
decided
by
white
people.
The
places
outside
the
towns
where
they
were
sent
to
live
were
the
poorest
parts
of
South
Africa.
No
one
could
grow
food
there.
In
fact
as
Nelson
Mandela
said：
“...we
were
put
into
a
position
in
which
we
had
either
to
accept
we
were
less
important,
or
fight
the
government.
We
chose
to
attack
the
laws.
We
first
broke
the
law
in
a
way
which
was
peaceful；
when
this
was
not
allowed...only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.”
As
a
matter
of
fact，
I
do
not
like
violence...but
in
1963
I
helped
him
blow
up
some
government
buildings.
It
was
very
dangerous
because
if
I
was
caught
I
could
be
put
in
prison.
But
I
was
happy
to
help
because
I
knew
it
would
help
us
achieve
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.
vote
[v??t]
vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
in
which
they
had
to
live是in
which引导的定语从句，修饰the
parts
of
town。
where
they
were...是where引导的定语从句，修饰the
places
outside
the
towns。
as
Nelson
Mandela
said是as引导的定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代下面的一段话。
in
which
we
had
either...or...是in
which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
position。position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in
which。
attack
[??t?k]
vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
which
was
peaceful是which引导的定语从句，修饰a
way。in
a
way
which
was
peaceful＝in
a
peaceful
way。
allow
vt.允许
allow
doing
sth.允许做某事
allow
sb.
to
do
sth.允许某人做某事
violence
[?vaI?l?ns]
n．暴力；暴行
“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
as
a
matter
of
fact事实上
blow
up使充气；爆炸
put
sb.
in
prison将某人关进监狱
同义短语：send
sb.
to
prison;
throw
sb.
into
prison。
because引导原因状语从句，其中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
achieve
vt.实现；达到；完成
equal
[?i?kw?l]
adj.相等的；平等的
此处作宾补，构成“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
[第5～7段译文]
他说的是实话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1．Elias
had
to
leave
school
because
.
A．he
was
too
young
B．he
didn't
like
to
study
C．his
school
was
far
away
from
his
home
D．his
family
could
not
continue
to
afford
the
school
fees
and
the
bus
fare
答案：D
2．When
Elias
first
met
Nelson
Mandela,
.
A．life
was
difficult
for
Elias
B．Mandela
was
in
trouble
C．Elias
was
at
school
D．Elias
was
a
very
good
worker
答案：A
3．In
1952,
Mandela
was
a
.
A．worker
B．president
C．teacher
D．lawyer
答案：D
4．In
Elias'
eyes,
Mandela
was
.
A．silent
and
helpful
B．rich
but
selfish
C．kind
and
helpful
D．poor
but
kind
答案：C
5．What's
the
purpose
of
Mandela's
work?
A．To
help
the
poor
become
rich.
B．To
build
a
new
government.
C．To
make
black
and
white
people
equal.
D．To
help
the
black
beat
the
white.
答案：C
Ⅱ.课文阅读填空
Timeline
of
Elias'
life
Years
Events
1.1940
Elias
was
born.
1946
2.Elias
began
school.
3.1948
Elias
left
school.
1952
4.Elias
met
Nelson
Mandela.
5.1963
Elias
helped
Mandela
blow
up
some
government
buildings
and
helped
to
fight
for
their
equality.
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．Sadly
I
did
not
have
one
because
I
was
not
born
there,
and
I
worried
about
whether
I
would
become
out
of
work.
[句式分析] 此句为and连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有because引导的原因状语从句；第二个分句中含有whether引导的宾语从句。
[自主翻译] 不幸的是我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心自己会失业。
2．But
I
was
happy
to
help
because
I
knew
it
would
help
us
achieve
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句。because引导的是原因状语从句；I
knew后面是宾语从句；making
black
and
white
people
equal是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
[自主翻译] 但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这将有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
1
(教材P33)And
what
qualities
does
a
great
person
have?
那么伟人有哪些品质呢？
of
high/low
quality 高/低质量的
average
quality
一般质量
in
quality
在质量上
[即学即用]
(1)There
is
no
doubt
that
the
quality
of
our
life
has
been
greatly
improved.
不可否认的是，我们的生活品质已经大大改善。
(2)It
is
generally
accepted
that
quality
often
matters
more
than
quantity.
人们普遍认为质量往往比数量更重要。
(3)This
radio
is
poor
in
quality
(＝of
poor
quality);
it
breaks
down
within
less
than
a
year
of
use.
这台收音机质量很差，用了不到一年就坏了。
(4)With
competition
from
similar
products
on
the
market,
your
products
must
not
only
be
of_good_quality/good_in_quality,_but
also
look
attractive.
由于有来自市场上同类产品的竞争，所以你们的产品不仅要质量好，而且要有吸引力。
(5)用quality和quantity的正确形式填空
①A
large
quantity
of
air
conditioners
has
been
sold
since
the
temperature
is
high.
②Their
quality
of
life
improved
greatly
when
they
moved
to
America.
2
(1)be
active
in 在……方面积极/活跃
take
an
active
part
in...
积极参加……
(2)activity
n.
活动
(3)actively
adv.
积极地
[即学即用]
(1)As
is
often
the
case,
little
boys
tend
to
be
very
active
and
out
of
control.
小男孩往往很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
(2)The
teacher
is
strict
with
us
because
she
wants
us
to
do
our
best
and
to
be
active
in
class.
老师对我们很严厉，因为她希望我们做到最好，并在课堂上表现活跃。
(3)She
has
been
a
club
member
for
one
year
and
always
takes
an
active
part
in
club
activities.
她成为俱乐部成员已经一年了，总是积极参加俱乐部的活动。
(4)We
should
not
only
study
hard
but
also
take
an
active
part
in
all
kinds
of
activities.
我们不但要努力学习而且要积极参加各项活动。
(5)At
the
university,
we
witness
people
from
different
parts
of
the
world
actively
learning
the
Chinese
language.
在这所大学，我们看到来自世界各地的人正在非常积极地学习汉语。
3
(教材P33)A
great
person
is
someone
who
devotes
his/her
life
to
helping
others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)devote
oneself
to
sth./doing
sth.
献身于……，致力于……
devote
one's
life/time/money/energy
to
sth./doing
sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……
(2)devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
be
devoted
to
sth./doing
sth.
专心于/奉献于……
(3)devotion
n.
关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚
[温馨提示] (1)devote作为及物动词，后面的宾语可以是time,
life,
money,
energy，也可以是oneself，也可以用系表结构be
devoted
to。
(2)devote...to...中的to为介词，后跟名词或动名词等。类似的短语还有：look
forward
to,
get
down
to,
be/get
used
to,
lead
to,
pay
attention
to等。
[即学即用]
(1)After
he
graduated,
he
continued
to
devote
himself
to
the
research.
毕业以后，他继续潜心于这项研究。
(2)He
has
devoted
most
of
his
time
and
energy
to
finding
a
cure
for
the
disease.
他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找治愈这种疾病的方法上了。
(3)Her
son,
to
whom
she
is
so
devoted,_went
abroad
last
year,
leaving
her
alone
in
the
small
village.
她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人独自在小村子里。
(4)He
is
respected
by
his
students
for
his
devotion
to
the
cause
of
education.
他因对教育事业的奉献而受到学生的尊敬。
(5)The
scientist
decided
to
devote
his
life
to
preventing
(prevent)
pollution
from
happening
again.
这个科学家决定把他的一生致力于防止污染的再次发生。
4
(教材P34)Black
people
could
not
vote
or
choose
their
leaders.
黑人不能投票或选择他们的领导人。
(1)vote
for/against 投票赞成/反对
vote
on...
就……投票
vote
to
do
sth.
投票去做某事
(2)take/have
a
vote
on
对……进行表决
[即学即用]
(1)Whether
you
vote
for
or
against
the
plan
doesn't
seem
to
matter
very
much.
你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去并不是很重要。
(2)In
China,
every
citizen
of
18
has
the
right
to
vote.
在中国，每个年满十八周岁的公民都享有选举权。
(3)As
we
can't
agree
on
this
matter,
let's
vote
on
it.
＝As
we
can't
agree
on
this
matter,
let's
have/take_a_vote_on
it.
既然对这个问题意见不一致，咱们就进行表决吧！
(4)Would
you
care
to
comment
on
why
you
voted
against
the
new
housing
project?
对您投票反对新住宅规划的原因您愿意解释一下吗？
(5)He
thought
he
would
be
elected,
but
his
friends
turned
round
and
voted
for
somebody
else.
他以为自己会被选上，但是他的朋友们投了别人的票。
5
(教材P34)We
chose
to
attack
the
laws.
我们选择向法律进攻。
(1)attack
sb.with
sth.
用某物攻击某人
(2)make
an
attack
on/upon...
对……发起进攻；攻击……
be/come
under
attack
遭到攻击
a
heart
attack
心脏病
[即学即用]
(1)This
is
the
third
time
in
one
month
that
the
town
has
been
under
attack/attacked.
这已经是该镇一个月内遭到的第三次袭击了。
(2)He
had
a
heart
attack
when
he
was
trying
to
get
through
her
phone
line.
当他试图接通她的电话时，他的心脏病突然发作。
(3)It
was
all
for
failing
to
keep
his
promise
that
the
president
was_attacked
by
the
press.
全是因没能履行自己的承诺，总统受到了新闻界的抨击。
(4)How
can
you
stand
by
and
watch
while
your
friends
are_attacked
by
others?
当你们的朋友受到别人的攻击时，你们怎能袖手旁观呢？
(5)Towards
evening,
an
earthquake
made
a
surprise
attack
on/upon
the
village
and
all
the
houses
were
soon
in
ruins.
接近晚上时，地震突然袭击了这个村庄，所有的房屋瞬间被夷为平地。
6
(1)be
mean
with... 在某方面吝啬
be
mean
to
sb.
对某人刻薄
(2)mean
v.
意味着；打算
mean
to
do
打算做……；有意做……
mean
doing
意味着做……
(3)means
n.
方法；途径
[即学即用]
(1)It
was
mean
of
him
(＝He
was
mean)
not
to
give
the
waiter
a
tip.
他很小气，不给服务员小费。
(2)She
is
not
generous
at
all;
she
is
always
mean
with
her
money.
她一点儿也不大方，在金钱方面总是很吝啬。
(3)—That
would
mean
wasting
a
lot
of
time.
—Really?
I
don't
mean
to
waste
any
time.
“那将意味着浪费很多时间。”
“是吗？我没打算浪费任何时间。”
(4)A
job
is
not
just
a
means
of
living;
rather,
it
is
a
way
of
experiencing
life.
工作不只是谋生的手段，而是体验生活的一种方式。
(5)In
some
parts
of
London,
missing
a
bus
means
waiting
(wait)
for
another
hour.
在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。
equal
adj.
相等的；平等的vt.
比得上，胜过；等于，和……相等
n.同等的人；相等物
(教材P34)But
I
was
happy
to
help
because
I
knew
it
would
help
us
achieve
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.
但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这将帮我们实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)be
equal
to 与……相等；胜任；能应付
be
equal
to
sth./doing
sth.
胜任某事/做某事
(2)be
without
equal/have
no
equal
无敌，没有能比得上的
(3)equal
sb.
in...
在……方面比得上某人
(4)equally
adv.
相等地；同样地
[温馨提示] equal的用法：①用作形容词，意为“相同的，相等的”，be
equal
to表示“等于，能胜任，能应付”等，其中to是介词(其后接动词时应用动名词)；②用作及物动词，意为“等于，比得上”，equal
sb.in...表示“在……方面比得上某人”，不要在其后加介词to；③用作名词，意为“相等的事物，(地位等)相同的人”，是可数名词。
[即学即用]
(1)None
of
us
can
equal
her,
either
in
beauty
or
as
a
dancer.
不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
(2)The
film
attracts
widespread
attention,
and
has
no
equal/is
without
equal
in
cinema
history.
那部电影受众人瞩目，在电影史上无与伦比。
(3)Few
pleasures
can
be
equal
to
that
of
a
cool
drink
in
summer.
在夏天，几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮相比。
(4)All
the
people
are
created
equal
without
regard
to
race
or
colour.
人人生而平等，无关种族肤色。
(5)Success
doesn't
only
depend
on
what
you
do.
What
you
don't
do
is
equally
important.
成功不仅仅在于你做了什么，你没有做什么也同样重要。
1
(教材P34)Sadly
I
did
not
have
one
because
I
was
not
born
there,
and
I
worried
about
whether
I
would
become
out
of
work.
糟糕的是，我没有身份证，因为我不是在那里出生的，因而我担心我会失业。
out
of
a
job 失业
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
control
失控
out
of
danger
脱离危险
[即学即用]
①He
was
out
of
work
when
the
factory
closed.
他在工厂倒闭后失业了。
②By
the
time
I
got
to
the
top
of
the
hill,
I
was
quite
out_of_breath.
等我爬到山顶的时候，已经是上气不接下气了。
③I
can't
use
my
computer,
it
was
out_of_order
yesterday.
我没有办法使用我的电脑，它昨天就出故障了。
2
(教材P34)As
a
matter
of
fact,
I
do
not
like
violence...but
in
1963
I
helped
him
blow
up
some
government
buildings.
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。
blow
away 吹走
blow
down
刮倒
blow
out
(使火)熄灭；(轮胎)爆裂
[即学即用]
①This
tyre
is
a
bit
flat;
it
needs
blowing
up.
这个轮胎气不太足，需要充气。
②The
wind
is
strong
enough
to
blow
down
trees.
这风大到能把树刮倒。
③The
match
blew
out
in
the
wind.
火柴被风吹灭了。
3
(教材P35)Elias
went
to
see
Nelson
Mandela
when
he
was
in
trouble.
伊莱亚斯在他有麻烦的时候去找纳尔逊·曼德拉。
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth./with
sth.
做某事有困难
look
for
trouble
自找麻烦
get
(sb.)
into
trouble
(使某人)陷入困境
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不辞劳苦地做某事
[即学即用]
①We
have
trouble
(in)
getting
(get)
staff.
我们在招聘雇员方面有困难。
②My
brother
was
always
getting
me
into
trouble
with
my
parents.
我弟弟经常连累我受父母的责难。
③Drunken
youths
hang
around
outside
looking
for
trouble.
喝醉的年轻人在街头游荡滋事。
4
(教材P35)Why
did
Nelson
Mandela
turn
to
violence
to
make
black
and
white
people
equal?
为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？
turn
down 关小；拒绝
turn
in
上交
turn
on
打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
off
关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
out
结果是，证明是；生产出
turn
up
开大；出现
[即学即用]
①One
year
later,
she
turned
to
the
study
of
medicine.
一年后，她转入医学专业。
②You
can
turn_to
the
police
for
help,
no
matter
what
kind
of
trouble
you
are
in.
无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助警察。
③He
asked
her
to
marry
him,
but
she
turned
him
down.
他请求她嫁给他，但是她拒绝了。
④It
turned
out
that
she
was
a
friend
of
my
sister's.
原来她是我姐姐的朋友。
However，
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
This
is/was
a
time
when... 这是一个……的时期
There
was
a
time
when...
曾有一段时间……
①This
was
a
time
when
the
two
countries
were
at
war.
那个时候这两个国家正在进行一场战争。
②There_was_once_a_time_when
women
were
not
allowed
to
go
to
school.
曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress，
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)see在此处的主语为物，意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法，可使语言变得生动。see,
find等动词表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，可以用于一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
①The
stone
bridge
saw
many
changes
of
this
city.
这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。
②The
past
30
years
have_seen
(see)
the
great
changes
that
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown.
过去30年我的家乡发生了很大变化。
③The_dusk_found
a
little
girl
crying
in
the
street.
黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。
(2)句中where引导定语从句，先行词为stage。当先行词是point,
situation,
stage,
condition和case等表示抽象地点的名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句常用where来引导。
①We
just
hope
to
reach
a
point
where
both
sides
will
sit
down
and
talk
together.
我们只是希望达到双方能坐下来一起谈判的地步。
②You
could
get
into
a
situation
where
you
have
to
decide
immediately.
你可能遇到一种情况，使你不得不立刻做出决定。
③Today,
we'll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
where
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly.
今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。
...only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式，即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。
①Only
yesterday
did
his
father
tell
him
the
truth,
which
was
a
big
surprise.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是一个令人吃惊的消息。
②Only
by
practising
paper?cutting
more
can_you_learn
the
folk
art.
只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。
③Only
when
I
left
my
parents
for
Italy
did_I_realize
how
much
I
loved
them.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。
[名师点津] 若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。
④Only
she
can
finish
the
work
in
an
hour.
只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Our
hometown
has_seen
(see)
a
lot
of
changes
in
recent
years.
2．Don't
walk
alone
in
the
street
after
dark,
or
you
may
get
attacked
(attack)．
3．According
to
the
law,
women
shall
enjoy
the
equal
(equally)
right
to
vote
in
our
country.
4．It's
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
where
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
5．There
was
once
a
time
when
women
had
no
right
to
vote.
6．He
was
put
into
prison
because
he
blew
up
some
government
buildings
in
South
Africa.
7．He
is
devoted
to
the
research
and
his
devotion
to
the
work
leads
to
his
success.
(devote)
8．Great
people
have
lots
of
good
qualities
(quality),
such
as
honesty,
selflessness
and
independence.
9．People
voted
against
Henry
who
often
tells
lies.
10．Missing
the
first
bus
means
waiting
(wait)
for
another
hour.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．The
People's
Republic
of
China
was
founded
on
October
1st,
1949.
→October
1st,
1949
saw
the
founding
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China.
2．I
knew
an
accident
happened
to
him
only
when
he
told
me
about
it.
→Only
when
he
told
me
about
it
did_I_know
an
accident
happened
to
him.
3．Can
you
think
out
a
situation?
This
word
can
be
used
in
the
situation.
→Can
you
think
out
a
situation
where_this_word_can_be_used?
4．Whenever
Bob
has
difficulties,
he
will
ask
me
for
help.
→Whenever
Bob
is_in_trouble,_he
will
turn_to
me
for
help.
5．In
fact,
I
was
the
one
who
broke
the
window.
→As_a_matter_of_fact,_I
was
the
one
who
broke
the
window.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
5 Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．escape
vi.&vt.
逃脱；逃走；避开
2．educate
vt.
教育；训练
educated
adj.
受过教育的；有教养的
education
n.
教育
3．beg
vi.
请求；乞求
4．terror
n.
恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
5．cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷
cruel
adj.
残忍的；残酷的
6．reward
n.
报酬；奖金；vt.
酬劳；奖赏
7．sentence
vt.
判决；宣判
8．opinion
n.
意见；看法；主张
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．lose_heart
丧失信心或勇气
2．come_to_power
当权；上台
3．set_up
设立；建立
4．be_sentenced_to
被判处……(徒刑)
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．should
have
done
sth.
He
taught
us
during
the
lunch
breaks
and
the
evenings
when
we
should_have_been_asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
2．“do/does/did＋动词原形”表强调的用法
They
were
not
cleverer
than
me,
but
they
did
pass
their
exams.
他们并不比我聪明，但他们确实通过了考试。
3．the
first
time引导时间状语从句
I
felt
bad
the_first_time_I_talked_to_a_group.
第一次给旅行团做讲解时，我的心情很不好。
课文预读
THE
REST
OF
ELIAS'
STORY
You
cannot
imagine①
how
the
name
of
Robben
Island
made
us
afraid.
It
was
a
prison
from
which
no
one
escaped②.
There
I
spent
the
hardest
time
of
my
life.
But
when
I
got
there
Nelson
Mandela
was
also
there
and
he
helped
me.
Mr
Mandela
began
a
school
for
those
of
us
who
had
little
learning③.
He
taught
us
during
the
lunch
breaks④
and
the
evenings
when
we
should
have
been⑤
asleep⑥.
We
read
books
under
our
blankets⑦
and
used
anything
we
could
find⑧
to
make
candles
to
see
the
words.
I
became
a
good
student.
I
wanted
to
study
for
my
degree⑨
but
I
was
not
allowed
to
do
that.
Later,
Mr
Mandela
allowed
the
prison
guards
to
join
us.
He
said
they
should
not
be
stopped
from
studying⑩
for
their
degrees.
They
were
not
cleverer
than
me,
but
they
did?
pass
their
exams.
So
I
knew
I
could
get
a
degree
too.
That
made
me
feel
good
about
myself?.
①imagine
vt.想象；认为
imagine后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。
②escape
[I?skeIp]
vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
from
which
no
one
escaped是from
which引导的定语从句，修饰prison。from与从句谓语动词escape搭配(escape
from从……逃走)。
③who
had
little
learning是who引导的定语从句，修饰those
of
us。
④break
n．间歇；休息
⑤should
have
done本应该做(实际上没做)
⑥when
we
should
have
been
asleep是when引导的定语从句，修饰evenings。
⑦blanket
[?bl??kIt]
n．毛毯；毯子
⑧we
could
find是定语从句，修饰先行词anything，从句省略了作find宾语的关系代词that。
⑨degree
n．学位；程度；度数
⑩stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事，此处用了被动语态。
?did为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。
?feel
good
about
oneself自我感觉不错
伊莱亚斯的故事续篇
[第1段译文]
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们这些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西做成蜡烛来看书。我成了一名好学生，想要为我的学位而学习，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒加入我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。因此我就知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。
?educated
[?ed?ukeItId]
adj.受过教育的；有教养的
educate
[?ed?ukeIt]
vt.教育；训练
since意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。
?现在分词短语working
in
an
office作a
job的定语，说明其具体内容。
?find
out查明白；弄清楚
?come
to
power当权；上台
?until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到”，not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
?beg
[beɡ]
vi.请求；乞求(begged,
begged,
begging)
?relative
[?rel?tIv]
n．亲戚；亲属
the
first
time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
terror
[?ter?]
n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动
fear
n．恐惧
beating
n．打；揍
cruelty
[?kru??ltI]
n．残忍；残酷
reward
[rI?w??d]
n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
be
proud
to
do因做……而自豪
[第2段译文]
在监狱里待完4年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察发现了，告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前的20年里，我没有再工作。在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团讲解时，我的心情很不好。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的痛打和残忍，我想到了我那些死去的朋友，我觉得我做不了这样的?导游的?工作。但是我的家人鼓励我，他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和报酬是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在我还能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1．Why
did
the
name
of
Robben
Island
make
them
afraid?
A．Because
Robben
Island
was
an
island
that
was
not
beautiful.
B．Because
they
spent
the
hardest
time
of
their
lives
there.
C．Because
Robben
Island
was
a
bad
man's
name.
D．Because
Robben
Island
was
not
their
home.
答案：B
2．Mr
Mandela
began
a
school
to
________.
A．make
some
money
B．spend
his
spare
time
C．teach
some
prisoners
D．make
friends
with
the
prisoners
答案：C
3．Why
did
Mr
Mandela
allow
the
prison
guards
to
study
too?
A．Because
he
needed
the
guards'
help.
B．Because
he
thought
the
guards
had
their
rights
to
study.
C．Because
the
guards
were
black
people
too.
D．Because
the
guards
could
pass
their
exams.
答案：B
4．How
long
was
Elias
in
prison
named
Robben
Island?
A．Four
years.
B．Four
months.
C．Four
weeks.
D．Four
days.
答案：A
5．Elias
lost
his
job
because
________.
A．he
wasn't
well
educated
when
he
was
in
prison
B．the
boss
knew
he
had
been
in
prison
C．he
was
not
fit
for
his
work
D．he
didn't
get
on
well
with
the
other
workers
答案：B
Ⅱ.课文阅读填空
1
(教材P38)It
was
a
prison
from
which
no
one
escaped.
那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。
(1)escape
from 从……中逃脱
escape
sth./doing
sth.
逃避(做)某事
(2)narrow
escape
死里逃生
[温馨提示] escape作“被某人忘记；没有被某人注意到”理解时，要用sth.escape
sb.结构表示，而不是用sb.escape
sth.结构。如：我把她的地址忘了。
[误] Her
address
is
escaped
by
me.
[正] Her
address
escapes
me.
[即学即用]
(1)Fortunately,
he
escaped
from
the
burning
house
without
being
injured.
幸运的是，他从着火的房子里逃了出来，没有受伤。
(2)Whoever
breaks
the
law
won't
escape
punishment/being
punished.
不管谁违反了法律都将不能逃脱惩罚。
(3)It
might
have
escaped
your
notice,
but
I'm
very
busy
at
the
moment.
也许你没注意到，可我此刻非常忙。
(4)Those
thieves
had_escaped
by
the
time
the
police
got
there.
警察到达的时候，那些小偷已经逃跑了。
(5)He
escaped
being_killed
(kill)
when
the
magazine
exploded
because
he
had
not
gone
to
work.
他因没有去上班而避免了在那次弹药库爆炸中丧生。
2
(教材P38)They
said
that
the
job
and
the
pay
from
the
new
South
African
government
were
my
reward
after
working
all
my
life
for
equal
rights
for
the
Blacks.
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
(1)give/offer
a
reward
to
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in
reward
for
为酬谢……
in
reward＝in
return
作为回报/报答
as
a
reward
for...
作为对某事的报酬/奖赏
(2)reward
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
为(做)某事而奖励/酬谢某人
[易混辨析]
award/reward
award
作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”，与prize用法相似；作动词时，意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award
sb.
sth.＝award
sth.
to
sb.
reward
作名词时，意为“报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬”；作动词时，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
[即学即用]
(1)Anyone
providing
information
which
leads
to
the
recovery
of
the
painting
will
be
rewarded.
凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者可获报酬。
(2)It
is
unfair
that
he
gets
very
little
in
reward
for
his
hard
work.
他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。
(3)As
a
reward
for
passing
the
exams,
she
got
a
new
bike
from
her
parents.
因为通过了考试，她父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。
(4)用award和reward的正确形式填空
①Mo
Yan
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature
in
2012.
②She
started
singing
to
the
baby
and
was
rewarded
with
a
smile.
③It
is
widely
accepted
that
young
babies
learn
to
do
things
because
certain
acts
lead
to
rewards.
④The
police
are
offering
a
$60,000
reward
for
information
about
the
killer.
3
(教材P39)sentenced
to
five
years'
hard
labour
for
encouraging
violence
against
anti?black
laws
(纳尔逊·曼德拉)因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人法律而被判处5年劳教
(1)sentence
sb.
to... 判某人……刑罚
sentence
sb.
to
death
判某人死刑
sentence
sb.
to
one
year's
imprisonment
＝sentence
sb.
to
one
year
in
prison
判某人一年监禁
(2)pass
sentence
on/upon
sb.
判某人刑
[即学即用]
(1)The
judge
sentenced
the
drunk
driver
to
one
year
in
prison.
法官判决那个醉酒司机一年监禁。
(2)The
judge
passed
a
light
sentence
on
him
because
it
was
his
first
offence.
因属初次犯罪，法官对他从轻处罚。
(3)It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
the
ex?president
will
be
sentenced
to
death.
这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察。
(4)Tom
was_sentenced_to
five
years
in
prison,
but
he
was
released
after
serving
two
years
in
prison.
汤姆被判了五年有期徒刑，但是在监狱里待了两年就被释放了。
(5)It
is
suggested
that
the
murderer
referred
to
(should)_be_sentenced_to
death
at
once.
建议所涉及的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。
4
in
one's
opinion＝in
the
opinion
of
sb.
在某人看来
What's
your
opinion
of...?
你认为……怎么样？
have
a
good/bad
opinion
of...
对……评价好/不好
be
of
the
opinion
that...
以为/认为……
[即学即用]
(1)He
said,
in
his
opinion,
that
it
was
too
early
for
middle
school
students
to
carry
cellphones.
他说，在他看来，中学生带手机还为时过早。
(2)My
first
opinion
of
him
has
changed
since
getting
to
know
him
better.
随着对他了解的加深，我对他最初的印象也发生了变化。
(3)What's_your_opinion_of
keeping
a
dog
in
a
big
city?
Why
or
why
not?
你对于在大城市里养狗持何种观点？阐述同意或不同意的理由。
(4)Much
to
our
disgust,
this
guy
is
always
talking
big
and
seems
to
have
a
good
opinion
of
himself.
使我们感到非常厌恶的是，这家伙总是说大话，似乎觉得自己很了不起。
(5)I'm
of
the
opinion
that
the
prices
of
vegetables
will
go
up
in
a
few
weeks.
我认为蔬菜的价格几周后就会上涨。
1
(教材P37)The
scientist
from
whom
________
never
lost
heart
when
he
was
in
trouble.
从这位科学家那里________，从未在困境中丧失信心。
lose
one's
heart
to 爱上，倾心于……
learn
sth.
by
heart
背诵，牢记
put
one's
heart
into
专心于
break
sb.'s
heart
使某人很伤心
heart
and
soul
全心全意，完全地
[即学即用]
①I'll
never
lose
heart
even
if
I
should
fail
ten
times.
即使失败10次，我也不灰心。
②You
can
do
anything
well
if
you
put
your
heart
into
it.
如果你全身心地投入，你什么都能做好。
③He
lost
his
heart
to
the
girl
at
first
sight.
他第一眼看到那个女孩就爱上了她。
2
(教材P38)He
said
they
should
not
be
stopped
from
studying
for
their
degrees.
他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获取学位的权利。
阻止某人做某事
[即学即用]
①The
bad
weather
stopped
us
(from)
getting
there
on
time.
恶劣的天气使我们不能准时到达那儿。
②Blacks
were
kept
from
eating
in
Whites
restaurants.
黑人被禁止在白人餐馆就餐。
③The
storm
prevented
us
(from)
taking
(take)
the
bicycle
trip.
那场暴风雨使我们不能骑自行车旅行。
[名师点津] stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事，其中from可省略；其被动语态为be
stopped
from
doing
sth.其中from不能省略。
3
(教材P38)I
did
not
work
again
for
twenty
years
until
Mr
Mandela
and
the
ANC
came
to
power
in
1994.
在曼德拉和非洲人民大会党于1994年掌权之前的20年里，我就没再工作了。
beyond
one's
power/out
of
one's
power
力所不能及的
within
one's
power
力所能及的
be
in
power
执政
take
power
掌权
do
all/everything
in
one's
power
to
do
sth.
竭尽所能做某事
[即学即用]
①Before
he
came
to
power,
he
had
once
been
in
prison
for
years.
在掌权之前，他曾经坐了几年牢。
②China
is
a
country
where
the
people
are
in_power.
中国是个由人民掌权的国家。
③It's
beyond
my
power
to
understand
how
the
computer
works.
我不懂电脑运行原理。
[名师点津] come
to
power表示动作，be
in
power表示状态，所以come
to
power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be
in
power可以。
He
taught
us
during
the
lunch
breaks
and
the
evenings
when
we
should
have
been
asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should
have
done意为“本应该做而未做”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。其否定式为：shouldn't
have
done，意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①I
should
have
left
London
before
9,
but
I
didn't.
我本该在9点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。
②In
my
opinion,
she
should_have_come
(come)
earlier.
在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。
③He
shouldn't
have
said
that
to
his
brother.
他不该对他弟弟说那些话。
句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。
did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。
①He
did
give
the
boy
a
toy
car
as
a
reward
for
his
help.
他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具车作为对他提供帮助的奖赏。
②She
does
(do)
go
to
school
every
day.
她确实是每天都去上学。
③They
do
want
to
make
peace
with
you.
他们确实想与你和好。
the
first
time连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。类似用法还有every/each
time?每次；每当?，next
time?下次?等。
①I
thought
her
kind
and
honest
the
first
time
I
saw
her.
我第一次见她时觉得她诚实，善良。
②Next_time
you
come,
do
remember
to
bring
your
son
here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
③Every_time
John
is
late
for
school,
he
will
make
up
some
new
excuse.
每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。
[名师点津] 在“This/It
is/was
the
first
time＋that从句”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。
④This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
been
a
volunteer,
so
I
am
now
receiving
all
the
training
involved.
这是我第一次成为志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
first
time
I
visited
(visit)
that
land,
I
decided
to
settle
there.
2．It
is
the
fifth
time
that
the
students
in
Trinity
College
have_visited
(visit)
our
school.
3．The
young
man,
who
was_sentenced
(sentence)
to
ten
years
in
prison
for
his
acts
of
violence,
lost
all
hope
for
his
future.
4．—John
is
always
working
hard.
—So
he
is.
I
believe
all
his
efforts
will
be_rewarded
(reward)
at
last.
5．The
driver
narrowly
escaped
being_killed
(kill)
in
the
traffic
accident.
6．A
notice
was
set
up
in
order
to
remind
the
students
of
the
changed
lecture
time.
7．As
we
all
know,
he
does
(do)
speak
English
well.
8．He
lost
his
heart
to
the
beautiful
girl
from
the
countryside.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The
cyclist
just
felt_frightened_the_first_time
he
was
riding
a
bicycle
and
got
injured.
这位车手在他第一次骑自行车受伤时，简直吓坏了。
2．During
the
earthquake
some
miners
were
trapped
in
the
mine,
and
they
couldn't_escape_without_rescue.
地震时矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。
3．It
was
in
the
year
2016
that_he_came_to_power
as
the
governor
of
this
province.
他是在2016年上台，成为该省省长的。
4．William
begged_his_father_to_buy
a
new
cellphone
for
him,
but
got
refused.
威廉恳求他的父亲给他买部新手机，但遭到了拒绝。
5．That
man
was_sentenced_to_death
for
killing
one
of
his
friends.
那个人因杀了自己的一个朋友而被判处死刑。
6．He
spent
the
time
he
should_have_spent
in
studying
in
playing
computer
games,
so
he
didn't
pass
the
exam.
他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
5 Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
1.when表示时间，引导的从句修饰时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I'll
never
forget
the
time
when
we
worked
on
the
farm.
我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的时光。
2．where表示地点，引导的从句修饰地点名词，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
The
hotel
where
we
stayed
was
very
clean.
我们住的那个旅馆很干净。
3．why表示原因，其先行词一般是reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
his
train.
他迟到的原因是他错过了火车。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”。如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday
we
visited
the
West
Lake
for
which
Hangzhou
is
famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be
famous
for“因……而出名”)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This
is
the
camera
with
which
he
often
takes
photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with
camera“用照相机”)
The
boss
in
whose
company
Mr
King
worked
heard
about
the
accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in
the
boss'
company)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
The
colorless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I
have
about
10
books,
half
of
which
were
written
by
Mo
Yan.
我大约有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
[名师点津] 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look
after,
look
for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
Ⅰ.用正确的关系词或“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．I
still
remember
the
day
when/on_which
this
country
became
independent.
2．The
house
where/in_which
he
lived
10
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
3．I
will
never
forget
the
day
when/on_which
we
first
met.
4．This
is
the
reason
why/for_which
he
refused
our
offer.
5．The
man
with_whom
I
talked
just
now
is
my
brother.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．This
is
the
house
which
I
lived
last
year.
which→where
2．The
old
woman
with
who
you
talked
just
now
is
a
famous
artist.
who→whom
3．The
reason
why
he
explained
to
us
is
quite
clear.
why→that/which
4．He
has
three
sons,
two
of
who
are
teachers.
who→whom
5．Is
this
the
car
for
that
you
paid
a
high
price?
that→which
Ⅲ.用定语从句完成句子
1．The
factory
where/in_which_he_works
(他工作的)
is
the
largest
one
in
this
city.
2．The
day
when/on_which_his_father_returned
(他父亲回来)
from
abroad
is
the
happiest
day
in
the
boy's
life.
3．I
don't
know
the
reason
why/for_which_he_was_absent_today
(他今天缺席的)．
4．Is
this
the
reason
why/for_which_he_refused_to_come_here
(他拒绝来这里的)?
5．I've
never
been
to
the
small
village
where/in_which_my_father_had_worked_for_five_years
(我父亲工作5年的)
before
he
went
to
college.
6．I
still
remember
the
day
when/on_which_I_first_came_to_this_school
(我第一次到这个学校)．
7．What's
the
name
of
the
place
where/in_which_you_spent_your_holiday_last_year
(去年你度假的)?
8．The
reason
why/for_which_he_was_late_for_class
(他上课迟到的)
is
that
he
got
up
late.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
5 Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
Section
Ⅳ 写作(Writing——人物介绍)
人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。
一、基本框架
1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；
2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；
3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；
4．作者对人物的评价。
二、增分佳句
1．He/She
was
one
of
the
greatest
scientists
in
the
20th
century.
他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
2．He/She
was
born
in
1911.
他/她出生于1911年。
3．He/She
studied
at
a
local
high
school
and
graduated
from
Beijing
University.
他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。
4．He/She
is
such
a
learned/strong?willed
person
that
we
all
admire/respect
him/her.
他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。
5．He/She
devoted
all
his/her
life
to
the
work.
他/她毕生都致力于工作。
6．He/She
made
great
contributions
to
our
country.
他/她对我们国家做出了巨大贡献。
7．He/She
was
highly
thought
of
by
many
people.
他/她受到很多人的高度赞扬。
8．He/She
will
live
in
the
hearts
of
us
forever.
他/她会永远活在我们心中。
[题目要求]
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家钱学森。
1．1911年生于上海，1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯·卡门(Von
Karman)的赞誉；
2．1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位；
3．1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国；
4．1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为“新中国航天之父”；
5．2009年于北京去世。
注意：词数100左右。
参考词汇：航天航空科学技术aerospace
science
and
technology
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为记叙文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：介绍已故人物的时态应以一般过去时为主。
二、构思
1．介绍钱学森的个人生平；
2．介绍钱学森的事迹和成就；
3．对钱学森的评价。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．be_regarded_as 被认为是
2．further_study
进修；深造
3．think_highly_of
高度评价
4．obtain_doctor's_degree
获得博士学位
5．be_devoted_to
献身于
6．pass_away
去世
7．contribution
贡献
8．respect
尊敬
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．1911年生于上海。
He
was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.
2．1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯·卡门的赞誉。
In
1935,
Qian
went
to
America
for
further
study
and
was_highly_thought_of
by
Von
Karman
because
of
his
great
achievements.
3．1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位。
In
1938,
he
obtained_his_doctor's_degree
in
aerospace
science
and
mathematics
in
the
US.
4．1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国。
In
1950,
he
heard
New
China
had
been
founded
and
succeeded_in_coming_back_to
his
homeland
in
1955
though
the
American
government
tried
to
stop
him.
5．1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献。
Since
1958
he
had_been_devoted_to
aerospace
science
and
contributed
a
lot
to
the
cause
of
China's
aerospace.
6．他被誉为“新中国航天之父”。
He
was_regarded_as
the
father
of
China's
space
program.
7．2009年于北京去世。
In
2009,
he
passed_away_in_Beijing.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用过去分词短语改写句1和句6
Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai.
2．用定语从句改写句2和句3
In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements,_who_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US_in_1938.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Qian_Xuesen,_regarded_as_the_father_of_China's_space_program,_was_born_in_1911_in_Shanghai._In_1935,_Qian_went_to_America_for_further_study_and_was_highly_thought_of_by_Von_Karman_because_of_his_great_achievements,_who_obtained_his_doctor's_degree_in_aerospace_science_and_mathematics_in_the_US_in_l938._In_1950,_he_heard_New_China_had_been_founded_and_succeeded_in_coming_back_to_his_homeland_in_1955_though_the_American_government_tried_to_stop_him._Since_1958_he_had_been_devoted_to_aerospace_science_and_contributed_a_lot_to_the_cause_of_China's_aerospace_and_in_2009,_he_passed_away_in_Beijing._Because_of_the_love_for_his_country_and_the_great_achievements,_he_has_received_the_respect_and_admiration_from_people.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
5
Nelson
Mandel
--
a
modern
hero
Section
Ⅴ 单元要点复习
?重点单词
1．quality
n．质量；品质；性质
2．mean
adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．generous
adj.慷慨的；大方的
4．found
vt.建立；建设
5．mankind
n．人类
6．legal
adj.法律的；依照法律的
7．stage
n．舞台；阶段；时期
8．vote
vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
9．attack
vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
10．willing
adj.乐意的；自愿的
11．unfair
adj.不公正的；不公平的
12．active
adj.积极的；活跃的→activity
n．活动
13．self
n．自我；自身→selfish
adj.自私的→selfless
adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly
adv.无私地；忘我地
14．devote
vt.献身；专心于→devoted
adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion
n．忠实；献身
15．peaceful
adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace
n．和平
16．guidance
n．指导；领导→guide
vt.引导
17．hopeful
adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless
adj.绝望的
18．equal
adj.相等的；平等的→equally
adv.平等地；相等地→equality
n．平等；相等
19．educate
vt.教育；训练→educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education
n．教育；培养→educator
n．教育家
20．beg
vi.请求；乞求→beggar
n．乞丐
21．terror
n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrible
adj.可怕的；吓人的
22．cruelty
n．残忍；残酷→cruel
adj.残忍的；残酷的
23．reward
n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
24．opinion
n．意见；看法；主张
?重点短语
1．devote...to
把……奉献于；专心于
2．be_generous_with
对……慷慨
3．be_grateful_for
对……感激
4．in_a_peaceful_way
用一种和平的方式
5．out_of_work
失业
6．as_a_matter_of_fact
实际上
7．blow_up
使充气；爆炸
8．be_put_in_prison
把……投入监狱
9．in_trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
10．turn_to
求助于；致力于
11．lose_heart
丧失信心
12．stop_sb._from_doing_sth.
阻止某人做某事
13．be_in_prison
入狱
14．come_to_power
当权；上台
15．be_proud_to_do
因做……而自豪
16．beg_for
乞求
17．set_up
设立；建立
18．be_sentenced_to
被判处……(徒刑)
?重点句式
1．The
time
when_I_first_met
Nelson
Mandela
was
a
very
difficult
period
of
my
life.
第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
2．It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to_whom
I
went
for
advice.
那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的黑人律师。
3．The
last
thirty
years
have_seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
4．...we
were
put
into
a
position
in_which
we
had
either
to
accept
we
were
less
important,
or
fight
the
government.
……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府做斗争。
5．...only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
6．It
was
a
prison
from_which
no
one
escaped.
那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。
7．He
taught
us
during
the
lunch
breaks
and
the
evenings
when_we_should_have_been_asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
8．I
did
not
work
again
for
twenty
years
until
Mr
Mandela
and
the
ANC
came
to
power
in
1994.
在曼德拉先生和非洲人民大会党于1994年掌权之前的20年里，我没有再工作过。
9．I
felt
bad
the_first_time
I
talked
to
a
group.
第一次给旅行团讲解时，我的心情很糟糕。
?单元语法
定语从句(Ⅱ)：由关系副词where,
when,
why以及“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
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