Unit
1 Friendship
“A
friend
is
one
that
knows
you
as
you
are,
understands
where
you
have
been,
accepts
what
you
have
become,
and
still,
gently
allows
you
to
grow.”
—William
Shakespeare
Friendship
is
a
very
important
human
relationship
and
everyone
needs
good
friends.
However,
it
is
not
easy
for
all
the
people
to
make
new
friends,
that
is,
for
some
people
it
is
easy
while
for
others
it
is
not
an
easy
job.
Below
are
some
helpful
tips
on
how
to
make
and
keep
friends.
Get
in
touch
with
others.
The
first
step
to
making
friends
is
getting
in
touch
with
other
people.
Health
clubs,
places
of
worship
and
charities
are
some
places
where
you
can
meet
new
people
and
build
friendship,
but
attending
these
places
is
not
enough,
and
you
will
need
to
make
yourself
known
by
becoming
an
active
member.
Be
cheerful.
A
smile
on
the
face
is
a
sure
way
to
attract
(吸引)
new
friends
as
people
are
always
likely
to
stay
with
those
with
a
cheerful
mind.
No
one
wants
to
keep
company
with
someone
who
is
constantly
unhappy.
Start
a
conversation.
Starting
a
conversation
is
the
second
most
important
step
in
making
new
friends.
Do
not
wait
to
be
spoken
to;
you
can
always
start
the
conversation.
Being
able
to
make
small
talk
is
a
very
useful
skill
in
connection
with
other
people
no
matter
where
you
are.
Stay
in
touch.
For
a
friendship
to
grow
you
need
to
stay
in
touch.
There
are
several
ways
of
staying
in
touch
with
your
friends
and
these
include
phone
calls
and
online
social
networking
sites.
Do
things
together.
Choosing
friends
with
common
interests
is
important
in
building
friendship
as
these
interests
would
always
bring
you
and
your
friends
together
and
hanging
out
will
always
be
a
pleasant
experience.
The
less
you
have
in
common
with
your
friends,
the
more
likely
the
friendship
will
not
grow.
Let
it
grow.
It
is
a
good
thing
to
stay
in
touch
but
try
not
to
choke
your
new
friend
with
calls,
messages
or
visits
as
this
would
likely
wear
him
or
her
out
and
at
last
he
or
she
may
not
want
to
be
your
friend
anymore.
The
best
friendships
are
the
ones
that
grow
naturally.
Enjoy
your
friendship.
The
best
way
to
enjoy
your
new
friendship
is
to
allow
your
friends
to
be
themselves.
Try
not
to
be
critical
of
their
personality
and
try
not
to
change
them
from
who
they
are
to
what
you
want
them
to
be.
Task:
Judge
the
following
true
(T)
or
false
(F)．
1．According
to
William
Shakespeare,
a
good
friend
should
feel
the
same
as
you
when
you
are
in
trouble.( T )
2．According
to
the
passage,
not
all
the
people
are
good
at
making
new
friends.( T )
3．To
make
new
friends,
the
most
important
step
is
to
keep
smiles
on
the
face.( F )
4．It
is
very
important
to
choose
friends
with
common
interests
to
set
up
friendship.( T )
5．The
best
way
to
enjoy
your
friendship
is
to
change
your
friend
into
what
you
are.( F )
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．upset
adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt.使不安；使心烦
2．ignore
vt.不理睬；忽视
3．calm
vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
4．concern
vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
concerned
adj.担心的
5．loose
adj.松的；松开的
6．series
n．连续；系列
7．outdoors
adv.在户外；在野外
8．entire
adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
entirely
adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
9．power
n．能力；力量；权力
powerful
adj.强大的；强有力的
10．dusty
adj.积满灰尘的
dust
n．灰尘
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．add_up
合计；加起来
2．calm
(...)
down
(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．have_got_to
不得不；必须
4．be_concerned_about
关心；挂念
5．go_through
经历；经受
6．set_down
记下；放下；登记
7．a_series_of
一连串的；一系列；一套
8．on_purpose
故意
9．in_order_to
为了……
10．at_dusk
在黄昏时刻
11．face_to_face
面对面地
12．no
longer/not...any
longer
不再……
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．状语从句的省略
While
walking
(walk)
the
dog,
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
2．make＋宾语＋宾补
Anne
Frank
wanted
the
first
kind,
so
she
made_her_diary_her_best_friend.
安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。
3．强调句型It
is/was...that...
I
wonder
if
it's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I've
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
4．There
was
a
time
when...曾经有一段时间……
I
can
well
remember
that
there
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
我记得非常清楚，那时湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心驰神往过。
5．It
is/was
the
first
time
that...这是第一次……
...it_was_the_first_time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd
seen
the
night
face
to
face...
……这还是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
课文预读
ANNE'S
BEST
FRIEND
Do
you
want
a
friend
whom
you
could
tell
everything
to①，
like
your
deepest
feelings
and
thoughts?
Or
are
you
afraid
that
your
friend
would
laugh
at
you,
or
would
not
understand
what
you
are
going
through②？
Anne
Frank
wanted
the
first
kind,
so
she
made
her
diary
her
best
friend③.
Anne
lived
in
Amsterdam
in
the
Netherlands
during
World
War
Ⅱ.
Her
family
was
Jewish
so
they
had
to
hide
or
they
would
be
caught
by
the
German④
Nazis.
She
and
her
family
hid
away⑤
for
nearly
twenty?five
months
before
they
were
discovered.
During
that
time
the
only
true
friend
was
her
diary.
She
said,
“I
don't
want
to
set
down⑥
a
series
of⑦
facts
in
a
diary
as
most
people
do⑧，
but
I
want
this
diary
itself
to
be
my
friend,
and
I
shall
call
my
friend
Kitty.”
Now
read
how
she
felt
after
being
in
the
hiding
place
since
July
1942.
①whom在此引导定语从句，修饰a
friend。
②go
through经历；经受
what在此引导宾语从句，作going
through的宾语。
③made
her
diary
her
best
friend为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，名词短语her
best
friend作宾补。
④German[?d???m?n]adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的
n．德国人；德语，Germans(复数)
⑤hide
away躲藏；藏起来
hide
(hid,
hidden)
vt.&vi.隐藏
⑥set
down记下；放下；登记
同义短语：write/take/put
down
⑦a
series
of一连串的；一系列；一套
series[?sI?ri?z]n.连续；系列
⑧as在此引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。安妮最好的朋友
[第1～2段译文]
你想不想拥有一位可以无话不谈、推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的就是第一种类型的朋友，于是她把自己的日记当成了最好的朋友。
第二次世界大战期间，安妮居住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她全家都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹党人抓走。她和她的家人躲了将近两年零一个月才被发现。在那段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。”现在，让我们看一看安妮自1942年7月以来在藏身之处躲着时的那种心情吧。
Thursday 15th
June,
1944
Dear
Kitty，
I
wonder
if⑨
it's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors⑩
for
so
long
that?
I've
grown
so
crazy
about?
everything
to
do
with?
nature?.
I
can
well
remember
that
there
was
a
time
when?
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
That's
changed
since
I
came
here.,
⑨if在此意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
⑩outdoors
[a?t?d??z]adv.在户外；在野外；indoors在室内
?it's
because...that...为强调句型。
?grow
crazy
about
对……变得热衷；对……变得狂热
?everything
to
do
with
与……有关的一切事物
?nature
[?neIt??(r)]n.自然；自然界
?there
was
a
time
when...为常用句型，意为“曾经有一段时间……”，when在此引导定语从句，修饰a
time。
[第3段译文],
1944年6月15日 星期四
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我可以非常清楚地记得，以前湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和花朵从未令我如此心驰神往。自从我来到这里后，一切都变了。
?when在此引导定语从句，修饰one
evening。
?stay
link
v．保持，继续是，相当于keep，其后接形容词作表语。stay
awake
醒着。
?on
purpose
(＝by
design)故意
反义短语：by
accident/chance偶然地
?in
order
to
为了……，同义短语：so
as
to为了……
?have
a
good
look
at
好好看看……
as在此引导原因状语从句，表示“由于；因为”。
far
too
much中far是副词，表程度；too
much“太多”，后跟不可数名词。
happen
to
do
碰巧做……
at
dusk
[d?sk]
在黄昏时刻
not...until...
直到……才……
thunder
[?θ?nd?]
vi.打雷；雷鸣 n．雷；雷声
entirely
[In?taI?lI]
adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
entire
[In?taI?]
adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
power
[?pa??]
n．能力；力量；权力，powerful
adj.强大的
it
was
the
first
time
that...“这是……第一次……”，其中that引导定语从句，从句用于修饰先行词the
first
time。
face
to
face
面对面地，face?to?face
adj.面对面的
curtain
[?k??tn]
n．窗帘；门帘；幕布
dusty
[?d?stI]
adj.积满灰尘的
现在分词短语hanging...作后置定语，修饰curtains。
It's
no
pleasure
doing
sth.
做某事是没有乐趣的。在此It为形式主语，looking
through...为真正的主语。
no
longer/not...any
longer
不再……(指时间上不再延续)
no
more/not...any
more
不再……(指程度或次数不再增加)
experience
vt.体验；经历
that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one
thing。
[第4～5段译文]
……比如，在一个非常温暖的夜晚，我故意熬到11点半不睡觉，为的是独自好好地看一看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，那是在五个月前的一个黄昏，我恰好在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我完全被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
……让人伤心的是……我只能透过挂在沾满灰尘的窗户上的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
你的，
安妮
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．Anne
kept
a
diary
because
she
could
tell
everything
to
it.( T )
2．She
didn't
feel
very
lonely
because
she
could
meet
her
friends.( F )
3．Anne
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
her
diary
as
most
people
did.( F )
4．Anne
named
her
diary
Kitty
and
she
wanted
it
to
be
her
best
friend.( T )
5．Anne's
feelings
changed
towards
nature
after
she
had
to
live
in
the
hiding
place.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．According
to
Anne,
a
true
friend
is
a
person
________.
A．that
would
laugh
at
you
B．who
makes
you
happy
C．whom
you
can
trust
D．who
could
save
your
life
答案：C
2．Anne
said
that
she
had
grown
crazy
about
nature
because
________.
A．she
had
always
been
so
B．her
interest
in
nature
had
grown
C．she
had
been
outdoors
for
too
long
D．she
had
been
indoors
for
too
long
答案：D
3．Anne
didn't
dare
open
the
window
when
the
moon
was
bright
because
________.
A．they
might
be
discovered
B．it
was
dark
in
the
room
C．it
was
very
cold
D．a
thief
might
get
into
the
room
答案：A
4．What
kind
of
life
did
Anne
live
in
Amsterdam
during
World
War
Ⅱ？
A．Exciting
and
interesting.
B．Frightening
but
safe.
C．Frightening
and
unsafe.
D．Frightening
and
exciting.
答案：C
5．According
to
the
diary,
we
can
know
that
Anne
________.
A．always
stayed
awake
in
order
to
look
at
the
moon
B．wanted
to
experience
nature
very
much
by
herself
C．hated
to
go
outdoors
in
the
daytime
D．disliked
looking
outside
their
window
答案：B
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．I
don't
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary
as
most
people
do,
but
I
want
this
diary
itself
to
be
my
friend,
and
I
shall
call
my
friend
Kitty.
[句式分析] 此句为由but及and连接的并列句，其中but表示转折，and表示承接。第一分句中的“as
most
people
do”为方式状语从句；而第三个分句中的“call
my
friend
Kitty”为“call＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
[自主翻译] 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫作基蒂。
2．It's
no
pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thing
that
really
must
be
experienced.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。it为形式主语，looking
through
these是真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thing。
[自主翻译] 观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
upset
adj.
心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安，使心烦；扰乱；打翻，使倾覆
(教材P1)
Your
friend
comes
to
school
very
upset.
你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。
(1)be
upset
about
sth. 为/对某事烦心/不安
be
upset＋that从句
为……感到不高兴/不安
(2)upset
oneself
使自己感到心烦
It
upset(s)
sb.
that...
让某人不高兴的是……
upset
the
plan
打乱计划
[巧学助记]
[即学即用]
(1)He
was
upset
about
not
being
invited
to
attend
the
wedding.
＝He
was
upset
that
he
hadn't
been
invited
to
attend
the
wedding.
没邀请他去参加婚礼，他很不高兴。
(2)I
thought
it
was
the
food
that
made
my
stomach
upset.
我认为是食物让我的肠胃不适。
(3)After
upsetting
the
plate
of
food,
the
child
showed
a
regretful
smile.
打翻了那盘食物后，小孩抱歉地一笑。
(4)Our
plans
were_upset
by
the
sudden
change
in
the
weather.
我们的计划被天气的突然变化打乱了。
(5)It_completely_upset_her
that
she
lost
the
necklace
borrowed
from
her
friend.
＝She
lost
the
necklace
borrowed
from
her
friend,
which
completely
upset
her.
使她非常心烦意乱的是，她把从朋友那儿借来的项链弄丢了。
2
(教材P1)You
will
ignore
the
bell
and
go
somewhere
quiet
to
calm
your
friend
down.
你会不顾铃声而去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
(1)ignorant
adj. 无知的；愚昧的
(2)ignorance
n.
愚昧；无知
in
ignorance
of
不知道，一无所知
(3)ignore
one's
advice/mistakes
忽视某人的建议/过错
ignore
traffic
rules
忽视交通规则
[巧学助记]
[即学即用]
(1)He
who
ignores
outsiders
is
naturally
ignored
himself.
忽视别人的人自然也会受到忽视。
(2)I
was
deeply
hurt
by
the
way
she
just
ignored
me.
她根本就不理睬我的样子深深地伤害了我。
(3)He
is
quite
ignorant
of
(＝is
in
complete
ignorance
of)
French
although
he
has
lived
in
France
for
a
year.
尽管他已在法国生活了一年，但是他对法语一点儿也不了解。
(4)Finding
herself
ignored
in
the
party,
she
felt
very
upset.
发现自己在聚会上受到了冷落，她感到非常难过。
(5)Ignoring
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你犯的最严重的错误之一。
calm
vt.
&
vi.
?使?平静；?使?镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(教材P1)You
will
ignore
the
bell
and
go
somewhere
quiet
to
calm
your
friend
down.
你会不顾铃声而去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
calm
down
平静下来
calm
sb.
down
使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
remain/keep/stay
calm
保持冷静
[易混辨析]
calm/quiet/silent/still
calm
指天气、水、水面时，表示风平浪静；指人时，表示镇定自若
quiet
表示“宁静”“安静”“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪声，没有动静；指人时侧重性格温和、文静
silent
表示“沉默”“不发言”“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语
still
表示“不动的”。指人时侧重一动不动；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
important
to
keep/stay
calm
when
a
fire
breaks
out.
当火灾发生时，保持镇静是很重要的。
(2)Moved
by
what
she
said,
he
could
hardly
calm
down.
由于被她的话所感动，他很难平静下来。
(3)Before
the
performance
she
took
a
deep
breath
to
calm
herself
down.
表演前，她做深呼吸来让自己平静下来。
(4)He
spoke
calmly
to
them
trying
to
pour
oil
on
troubled
waters
but
it
was
useless.
他心平气和地与他们讲话试图使争吵平息，但这是徒劳的。
(5)选词填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)
①We
should
keep
quiet
in
the
hospital.
②We've
been
silent
for
too
long.
It's
time
to
speak
out.
③When
facing
danger,
one
should
keep
calm;_when
taken
photos
of,
one
should
keep
still;_when
someone
else
is
asleep,
one
should
keep
quiet;_in
class,
one
shouldn't
keep
silent
about
teachers'
questions.
(教材P1)You
will
tell
your
friend
that
you
are
concerned
about
him/her
and
you
will
meet
after
class
and
talk
then.
你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她，下课后你们会见面再谈。
(1)show/express
concern
about/for/over
对……表示关心
(2)be
concerned
about/for
关心；挂念
be
concerned
with/in
与……有关/涉及……
as/so
far
as...be
concerned
就……而言
(3)concern
about/for
担忧/关心……
concern
oneself
with
从事/参与……
(4)concerning
prep.
关于
[即学即用]
(1)At
the
meeting,
the
leaders
from
many
countries
expressed
their
concern
over
the
climate.
在会议上，来自许多国家的领导人表达了他们对气候的担心。
(2)We
have
been
very
much
concerned
for/about
the
state
of
his
health
since
our
teacher
fell
ill
last
week.
自上周我们老师生病以来，我们对他的健康状况非常担心。
(3)The
police
could
not
prove
he
was
concerned
with/in
the
case,
so
they
had
to
set
him
free.
警方无法证明他与此案件有关，因此不得不释放了他。
(4)As
far
as
I
am_concerned,_reading
always
seems
better
for
killing
time.
就我来说，阅读似乎总是能更好地消磨时间。
(5)We
refused
to
tell
him
any
information
concerning
the
research
project.
我们拒绝告诉他有关那个研究项目的任何消息。
5
(教材P2)The
dark,
rainy
evening,
the
wind,
the
thundering
clouds
held
me
entirely
in
their
power...
漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了……
(1)be
in
power 执政；掌权
come
to/into
power＝take
power
上台；执政
(2)have
the
power
to
do
sth.
具有做某事的能力
beyond/out
of
one's
power
力所不能及的
[即学即用]
(1)As
is
known
to
all,
knowledge
is
power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(2)He
was
so
drunk
that
he
had
lost
the
power
of
speech.
他醉得太厉害，连话都说不出来了。
(3)It
was
a
task
beyond_our_power
to
raise
so
much
money
in
such
a
short
time.
在这么短的时间内筹集到这么多的钱是一项我们力所不能及的任务。
(4)The
government
has
been
in_power
for
twenty
years,
and
is
still
going
strong.
政府执政已有20年，政权依然稳定。
(5)It
was
an
event
worth
celebrating
when
our
Party
came_into_power.
我们党成为执政党，这是一件值得庆贺的事情。
1
(教材P1)Add
up
your
score
and
see
how
many
points
you
get.
把你的得分加起来，看看你得了多少分。
add
up
to 总计；合计为
add
to
增加了；增添了(多用于抽象意义)
add...to...
把……加到……上
add
that...
补充说……
[即学即用]
①Remember:
Little
steps
add
up
to
big
dreams.
记住：小的积累成就大的梦想。
②Every
failure
one
meets
with
adds
to
one's
experience.
[谚语]吃一堑，长一智。
③Will
you
add
more
sugar
to
your
coffee?
你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？
[巧学助记]
[名师点津] add
up
to一般不用于被动语态。add
up的宾语如果是代词，要放在add与up之间。
2
(教材P2)Or
are
you
afraid
that
your
friend
would
laugh
at
you,
or
would
not
understand
what
you
are
going
through?
或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？
[即学即用]
[一词多义]写出下列句中go
through的含义
①The
rope
is
too
thick
to
go
through
the
hole.
穿过
②You
must
go
through
your
papers
before
you
hand
them
in.
仔细检查
③Have
you
gone
through
all
your
money
yet?
用完
go
ahead 前进；请说(做吧)
go
over
越过……；温习
go
against
背叛；违背；违反
go
by
走过(某处)；(时间)过去，流逝
④A
week
went
by
before
he
answered
the
letter.
过了一周后他才回信。
3
(教材P2)For
example,
one
evening
when
it
was
so
warm,
I
stayed
awake
on
purpose
until
half
past
eleven
in
order
to
have
a
good
look
at
the
moon
by
myself.
比如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我故意不睡觉熬到11点半，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
[易混辨析]
in
order
to/so
as
to/in
order
that
in
order
to
意为“为了……”，既可以置于句首，又可置于句中
so
as
to
意为“为了……”，只可置于句中，不可置于句首
in
order
that
意为“为了……”，引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常带may,
might,
can,
could等情态动词
[即学即用]
①In
order
to
catch
the
train,
she
got
up
early.
为了赶上火车，她起床很早。
②We
told
a
white
lie
to
her
in
order
not
to
upset
her.
为了不让她难过，我们向她撒了一个善意的谎言。
③In_order_to
be
noticed,
she
shouted
and
waved
to
us.
④He
arrived
early
in_order_that
he
might
not
miss
anything.
⑤He
decided
to
work
harder
so_as_to
catch
up
with
others.
4
(教材P2)She
said,
“I
don't
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary
as
most
people
do,
but
I
want
this
diary
itself
to
be
my
friend,
and
I
shall
call
my
friend
Kitty.”
她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，但我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，并且我把我(这个)朋友称作基蒂。”
set
out
(to
do
sth.) 出发；开始干某事
set
about
(doing
sth.)
着手做某事
set
off
(for...)
动身；引爆(炸弹等)
set
up
成立，建立
set
aside
留出，节省
[即学即用]
①You'd
better
set
your
idea
down
before
you
forget
it.
你最好在忘记之前把你的想法写下来。
②The
doctor
asked
me
to
set
aside
an
hour
a
day
to
walk.
医生让我每天抽出一小时散步。
③They
want
to
set
up
their
own
import?export
business.
他们想创办自己的进出口公司。
[名师点津] set
down是动词与副词构成的短语，遇到此类短语时，如果代词作宾语，则要将代词放在动词与副词之间。
While
walking
the
dog，
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
遛狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。
while
walking
the
dog是“连词＋分词短语”结构，是状语从句while
you
were
walking
the
dog的省略形式。当when,
while,
before,
after,
unless,
as
if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词。
①While
(I
was)
waiting
for
the
bus,
I
met
an
old
friend.
在等公共汽车时，我遇到了一个老朋友。
②While
playing
(play)
with
his
children
outdoors,
the
father
felt
very
happy.
当和孩子们在户外玩耍时，这位父亲感到非常幸福。
③If_interested_in_it,_you
can
send
an
email
to
123456@sina.com.
如果对它感兴趣，你可以发送电子邮件到123456@sina.com.
④When
(it_is)_necessary,_you
can
look
up
the
word
in
a
dictionary.
必要的时候你可以在词典里查这个单词。
I
wonder
if
it's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I've
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
(1)I
wonder
if/whether...“我不知道是否……”，此句型中if或whether引导宾语从句，该句型多用于口语中，表示有礼貌地询问某事或请求帮助。
①I
wonder
if/whether
you
can
help
me
to
calm
the
little
boy
down.
不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。
②I_wonder_if/whether
I
could
set
down
what
you
said
just
now.
我不知道是否可以记下你刚才所说的话。
(2)本句中的it's...that...为强调句型。强调句的结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人时)＋其他部分。
①I
met
Mary
on
my
way
to
school
last
night.
→It
was
Mary
that
I
met
on
my
way
to
school
last
night.(强调宾语)
→It
was
on
my
way
to
school
that
I
met
Mary
last
night.(强调地点状语)
→It
was
last
night
that
I
met
Mary
on
my
way
to
school.(强调时间状语)
→It
was
I
who/that
met
Mary
on
my
way
to
school
last
night.(强调主语)
昨天晚上在上学的路上我遇到了玛丽。
②It
was
in
front
of
the
Palace
Museum
that
a
lot
of
people
were
waiting
to
buy
the
tickets.
在故宫博物院的前面有很多人等着买票。
...it
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd
seen
the
night
face
to
face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
(1)本句中It
was
the
first/second/...time
that...“这是第一次/第二次/……做……”是常用句式，从句要用过去完成时。在此句型中的it可用this或that来代替。
①It
was
the
first
time
that
we
had
met
each
other.
这是我们第一次见面。
②It
was
the
second
time
that
he
had_missed
(miss)
such
a
good
chance.
这是第二次他错过这么好的机会。
(2)It
is
the
first/second/...time
that...，从句中要用现在完成时。
③It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have_walked
(walk)
with
my
teacher.
这是我第一次和我老师一起散步。
It's
no
pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thing
that
really
must
be
experienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
It's
no
pleasure
doing
sth.“做某事没有乐趣”。It
is/was＋n.＋doing
sth.是一个固定句型，该句型中的名词(词组)常用no
use,
no
good,
no
pleasure,
no
fun,
a
waste
of
time/money等。
①It's
no
pleasure
working
in
these
conditions.
在这种环境下工作没有乐趣。
②It's
no
use
advising
(advise)
him
to
change
his
mind.
建议他改变主意没用。
③It's
no
good
smoking
(smoke).
You'd
better
give
it
up.
抽烟没好处，你最好戒烟。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As
far
as
I'm
concerned
(concern),
I
can't
agree
with
what
you
said.
2．I
wanted
to
have
a
word
with
her,
but
she
ignored
(ignore)
me
and
went
away.
3．The
fast
economic
development
before
2016
was
probably
the
most
powerful
(power)
engine
driving
the
constant
growth
in
the
box
office
income.
4．It
was
no
pleasure
watching
(watch)
the
football
match
at
home
alone,
so
I
went
to
the
bar.
5．It
was
the
second
time
that
he
had_visited
(visit)
the
farm.
6．I
wonder
if/whether
I
could
use
your
computer.
7．While
walking
(walk)
his
dog
in
the
park
yesterday
afternoon,
Bob
heard
someone
shouting
for
help
in
the
distance.
8．Hearing
what
Father
had
said,
the
crying
child
soon
calmed
down.
9．He
has
left
his
book
here
on
purpose
so
that
you
can
read
it.
10．He
was
asked
to
set
down
the
facts
just
as
he
remembered
them.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The
children's
mother
was_concerned_about/for_their_safety
(为他们的安全担心)
when
they
didn't
come
back
from
school
at
the
usual
time.
2．He
suddenly
fell
ill,
which
upset_our_plan
(打乱了我们的计划)．
3．If
you
add_up_all_the_numbers
(把所有数字加起来),
you
will
know
who
wins
the
game.
4．It_was_when_I_felt_lonely_that
(正是感到孤独时)
I
realized
the
importance
of
friends.
5．In_order_to_finish_his_novel
(为了完成他的小说),
the
writer
hid
away
for
ten
months,
because
he
didn't
want
to
be
troubled
by
the
reporters.
6．I
always
start
the
day
by
going_through_my_mail
(仔细查看邮件)．
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Friendship
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．settle
vi.安家；定居；停留；vt.使定居；安排；解决
settler
n．定居者；移民
2．suffer
vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历
suffering
n．痛苦；苦难
3．recover
vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得
recovery
n．恢复；痊愈
4．pack
vi.&vt.捆扎；包装；打包行李；n.小包；包裹
5．exactly
adv.确实如此；正是；确切地
exact
adj.确切的
6．disagree
vi.不同意
agree
vi.同意
7．grateful
adj.感激的；表示谢意的
8．dislike
n．&vt.不喜欢；厌恶
9．tip
n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费；vt.倾斜；翻倒
10．swap
vt.交换
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．suffer_from
遭受；患病
2．get/be_tired_of
对……厌烦
3．pack_(sth.)_up
将(东西)装箱打包
4．get_along_with
与……相处；进展
5．fall_in_love
爱上；相爱
6．join_in
参加；加入
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．find＋it＋adj.＋to
do...
She
found_it_difficult_to_settle
and
calm
down
in
the
hiding
place...
她觉得在藏身的地方难以安定和平静下来……
2．do/does/did表强调的用法
I
do_want_to
change
this
situation,
but
I
don't
know
how.
我确实想改变这种现状，但不知道怎么办。
3．have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
I'm
sorry
you
are_having_trouble_in_making
friends.
很遗憾你在交友方面出现了问题。课文预读
Dear
Miss
Wang，
I
am
having
some
trouble
with①
my
classmates
at
the
moment②.
I'm
getting
along
well
with③
a
boy
in
my
class.
We
often
do
homework
together
and
we
enjoy
helping
each
other.
We
have
become
really
good
friends.
But
other
students
have
started
gossiping④.
They
say
that
this
boy
and
I
have
fallen
in
love⑤.
This
has
made
me
angry⑥.
I
don't
want
to
end
the
friendship,
but
I
hate
others
gossiping⑦.
What
should
I
do?
Yours，
Lisa
①have
trouble
with
在某方面有麻烦
trouble为不可数名词，此处可换为difficulty。
②at
the
moment
此时；此刻；目前
③get
along
with
与……相处；进展
表示“与……相处得好”用get
along
well
with
④gossip
[?g?sIp]
vi.&n.
闲话；闲谈
⑤fall
in
love
相爱；爱上(表动作)
be
in
love
相爱(表状态)
⑥make
sb.
angry
使某人生气
⑦others
gossiping
为动名词的复合结构，作hate的宾语。
[上方书信译文]
亲爱的王小姐：
目前，我和同学们(相处)有些麻烦。我与班里的一位男同学一直相处得很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始说起闲话来，他们说我和这位男孩相爱了，这使我很生气。我不想结束这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
你的，
莉萨
Dear
Miss
Wang，
I'm
a
student
from
Huzhou
Senior
High
School.
I
have
a
problem.
I'm
not
very
good
at
communicating
with
people⑧.
Although
I
try
to
talk
to
my
classmates,
I
still
find
it
hard
to
make
good
friends
with
them⑨.
So
I
feel
quite
lonely
sometimes.
I
do⑩
want
to
change
this
situation,
but
I
don't
know
how.
I
would
be
grateful?
if
you
could
give
me
some
advice?.
Yours，
Xiao
Dong
⑧communicate
with
sb.
与某人交流
communicate
sth.
to
sb.
向某人传达(思想和感情)
⑨find
it
hard为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词作宾补。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to
make...。
make
friends
with
sb.
与某人交朋友
⑩do在此处表强调，以加强语气。
?grateful
[?greItfl]
adj.感激的；表示谢意的
?I
would
be
grateful
if...如果……我将十分感激。[上方书信译文]
亲爱的王小姐：
我是湖州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于与人交流。虽然我尽力去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我的确想改变这种现状，但我不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我将不胜感激。
你的，
萧东
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．Lisa
writes
a
letter
to
Miss
Wang
to
ask
for
some
advice
because
she
has
some
difficulty
at
the
moment.( T )
2．Lisa
isn't
getting
along
well
with
a
boy
in
her
class.( F )
3．Lisa
has
fallen
in
love
with
the
boy
because
they
often
do
homework
together
and
enjoy
helping
each
other.( F )
4．Xiao
Dong
also
writes
to
Miss
Wang
for
some
advice
on
how
to
make
good
friends
with
his
classmates.( T )
5．Xiao
Dong
is
not
very
good
at
communicating
with
people
so
he
feels
quite
lonely
sometimes.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What
is
Lisa's
trouble?
A．She
has
fallen
in
love
with
a
boy.
B．She
can't
get
along
well
with
a
boy.
C．A
gossip
has
made
her
very
upset.
D．She
is
upset
that
she
has
no
friends.
答案：C
2．What
is
Xiao
Dong's
trouble?
A．He
has
few
friends.
B．He
has
trouble
in
communicating
with
others.
C．He
always
feels
lonely.
D．He
just
doesn't
want
to
communicate
with
others.
答案：B
3．Who
can
give
these
two
writers
some
help
according
to
these
two
passages?
A．Lisa.
B．Xiao
Dong.
C．Miss
Wang.
D．Mr
Wang.
答案：C
1
(教材P4)She
suffered
from
loneliness,
but
she
had
to
learn
to
like
it
there.
她遭受孤独，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。
(1)suffer
from 遭受；患病
suffer
from
cold
and
hunger
饥寒交迫
(2)suffer
a
great
loss
遭受重大损失
suffer
great
pain
遭受疼痛
[温馨提示] (1)suffer用作及物动词时，表示“受苦/遭受疼痛/遭受损失”，其后常跟pain/loss/punishment/hardship/defeat/hunger/poverty等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与介词from连用，意为“受……折磨；受……之苦，患……病”，其后的名词多表示非常具体的不幸或痛苦，如：suffer
from
a
bad
cold/headaches/heart
trouble/overwork/floods。
[即学即用]
(1)He
suffered
from
poor
eyesight
and
could
no
longer
read
properly.
他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。
(2)The
company
suffered
a
great
loss
as
a
result
of
the
accident.
由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。
(3)Only
a
few
months
ago,
parts
of
the
south?west
suffered_from
the
worst
drought
in
a
century.
仅在几个月前，西南部分地区遭受了一个世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。
(4)At
thirteen
he
had
to
leave
school
as
his
father
suffered
a
loss
and
the
family
became
poorer
for
a
time.
十三岁时他被迫辍学，因为他父亲遭受了损失，家境一度变得更贫困。
(5)Nobody
could
imagine
the
student
who
won
the
championship
was_suffering_from
so
many
serious
diseases.
没有人能想象得出赢得锦标赛的那个学生正在经受如此多的严重疾病的折磨。
2
(教材P4)How
can
Linda
recover
from
her
illness
in
this
room
when
it's
so
dirty
and
dusty?
这个房间如此脏并且尘土飞扬，在这里琳达怎么从病中康复呢？
(1)recover
losses/one's
lost
watch
弥补损失/找回某人丢失的手表
recover
one's
strength/balance
恢复体力/身体平衡
recover
oneself
恢复正常；使清醒
recover
from
a
severe
illness/the
effects
of
the
war
从重病中康复/从战争的影响中
恢复过来
(2)recovery
n.
恢复；复苏；痊愈
make
a
recovery
from...(＝recover
from...)
从……中恢复过来
[即学即用]
(1)The
old
man
is
very
ill
and
unlikely
to
recover
in
a
short
time.
老人病得非常厉害，短时间内不大可能恢复健康了。
(2)It's
going
to
be
some
time
before
I
recover
my
full
strength.
还要一些时间我才能完全恢复体力。
(3)She
recovered
(＝made
a
recovery)
from
her
surprise
and
answered
calmly.
她从惊慌中恢复过来，并且镇静地给予了回答。
(4)Thanks
to
the
doctors
and
nurses
for
their
treatment
and
care
in
the
hospital,
the
wounded
soldier
fully
recovered
before
long.
多亏了医院里医生的治疗和护士的护理，这位受伤战士不久就痊愈了。
(5)The
treasure,
some
of
which
has_been_recovered
lately,
has
been
sent
to
the
British
Museum.
这些宝藏已被送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是最近才失而复得的。
3
(教材P7)I
would
be
grateful
if
you
could
give
me
some
advice.
如果你能给我一些建议，我会很感激的。
be
grateful
to
sb.
for
sth. 因某事感激某人
be
grateful
to
do...
因做……而感激
be
grateful
that...
感激……
[即学即用]
(1)Instead
of
complaining
about
what's
wrong,
be
grateful
for
what's
right.
别抱怨不好的事，而是要对好的事情心存感恩。
(2)The
passer?by
was
very
grateful
to
us
for
directing
him
when
he
mistook
his
way.
这个过路人非常感激我们在他走错路时给他指了路。
(3)I'm
grateful
to
have
a
job
at
a
college
that
enables
me
to
do
all
this
well.
我非常感激能在大学里拥有这样一份工作，它能让我做好所有这些事情。
(4)“That's
kind
of
you,
Sally，”
Claire
said
gratefully.
“你真是太好了，萨莉，”克莱尔感激地说。
(5)If
you
do
me
a
favour,
I
will
never
be
more_grateful
to
you.
如果你帮我个忙，我将非常感激你。
have
trouble
with
sb./sth.
与某人之间有矛盾；做某事有困难/问题/麻烦
(教材P6)I
am
having
some
trouble
with
my
classmates
at
the
moment.
现在，我和我的同班同学之间有了一些矛盾。
?1?have
trouble
with
sb./sth.是固定结构，此处的trouble是不可数名词，也可以用difficulty代替，with后接名词或代词
?2?have
trouble
?in?
doing
sth.表示“做某事有困难/麻烦”，该结构中的in可以省略
?3?trouble和difficulty前可以用some，much，no等作修饰语
[即学即用]
①He
doesn't
have
much
trouble
with
English
grammar.
他在英语语法上没有多少困难。
②They
have
no
trouble
(in)
finding
(find)
her.
他们找到她没有困难。
③They
had
little
trouble
with
new
school
life.
他们在新的学校生活上几乎没有困难。
2
(教材P6)I'm
getting
along
well
with
a
boy
in
my
class.
我跟我们班的一个男孩一直相处得很好。
?1?get
along
with还可以说成get
on
with
?2?通常与副词well，
nicely，
badly等连用，构成get
along/on
well/nicely/badly
with，表示“同某人相处得好/坏”或“某事进展顺利/不顺利”
[即学即用]
①How
are
you
getting
along
with
your
work
now?
你的工作进展得如何？
②Mary
is
hard
to
get
along/on
with.
玛丽很难相处。
③I'm
glad
to
hear
that
you're
getting
along
well/nicely
with
your
study.
得知你学习进展得很顺利我很高兴。
3
(教材P6)They
say
that
this
boy
and
I
have
fallen
in
love.
他们说我和这个男孩相爱了。
?1?fall
in
love
?with
sb.?爱上?某人?，表示动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用
?2?be
in
love
?with
sb.??与某人?相爱，属状态性动词短语，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
[即学即用]
①He
fell
in
love
with
music
when
he
was
a
child.
当他是个孩子时他就爱上了音乐。
②The
first
time
Tom
saw
Mary,
he
fell_in_love_with
her.
Up
to
now,
they
have
been_in_love_with
each
other
for
many
years.
汤姆第一次见到玛丽就爱上了她，迄今为止，他们彼此相爱多年了。
4
(教材P7)to
join
in
discussions
and
show
interest
in
other
people's
ideas
参加讨论并且对其他人的观点表示出兴趣
[易混辨析]
join/join
in
join
参加团体或者组织，成为其中的成员，其宾语可以是人、机构、组织，以及line,
queue等名词；也可用于join
sb.
in
sth./doing
sth.结构，表示“和某人一起做某事”
join
in
参加正在进行的活动或比赛等。有时可与take
part
in换用
[即学即用]
①They
started
a
square
dance
a
year
ago,
and
now
more
and
more
people
have
joined
in.
一年前他们发起了一个广场舞，现在已有越来越多的人参与了进来。
②Even
though
not
every
one
should
join
in,
can
you
pack
and
join
us
in
camping?
尽管并不是每个人都应该参加，但是你能收拾下和我们一起去野营吗？
③At
the
age
of
eight,
he
joined
a
group
of
child
dancers.
④The
children
joined_in
the
English
Evening
and
had
a
good
time.
She
found
it
difficult
to
settle
and
calm
down
in
the
hiding
place，because
she
was
concerned
about
whether
they
would
be
discovered.
她发现在藏身处安定并平静下来很困难，因为她担心他们会被发现。
在found
it
difficult
to
settle
and
calm
down中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to
settle
and
calm
down
in
the
hiding
place。可用于此句型的动词还有make,
think,
feel,
consider,
believe等。
①I
found
it
very
difficult
to_adapt
(adapt)
myself
to
things
all
around
here.
我发现我很难使自己适应这周围的事物。
②The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
it
difficult
to
tell
one
from
the
other.
这两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人很难将她们区分开来。
③That
girl
feels
it
hard
to
learn
swimming
well.
那个女孩觉得学好游泳很难。
④I
don't
think
it
easy
to
study
a
foreign
language.
我认为学习一门外语不容易。
Mother
asked
her
if/whether
she
was
very
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on.
妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
with
so
many
clothes
on为with的复合结构，基本结构为：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。with的复合结构在句中常作状语，表示原因、方式、伴随、条件等。
with的复合结构的常见形式：
(1)with＋名词(代词)＋形容词/副词
①She
used
to
sleep
with
the
windows
open.
她过去常常开着窗户睡觉。
②With
Mr
Smith
away,
we've
got
more
room.
史密斯先生不在，我们的空间更大了。
(2)with＋名词(代词)＋介词短语
③The
man
was
walking
on
the
street,
with
a
book
under_his_arm.
那位男士在街上走着，胳膊下夹着一本书。
(3)with＋名词(代词)＋动词不定式/现在分词/过去分词
④With
so
much
work
to_do
(do),
I
don't
know
if
I'll
have
time
to
go
out.
有这么多工作要做，我不知道我是不是有时间出去。
⑤In
some
parts
of
Asia,
you
must
not
sit
with
your
feet
pointing
(point)
at
another
person.
在亚洲的某些地区，你不可以坐着把脚翘起来对着别人。
⑥The
murderer
was
brought
in,
with
his
hands
tied
(tie)
behind
his
back.
谋杀犯被带了进来，他的双手被反绑在背后。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
would
be
grateful
to
anyone
who
could
help
me
find
my
lost
cellphone.
2．I
agree
with
you
all
the
time,
but
I
disagree
(agree)
with
you
on
this.
3．The
old
man
went
through
many
difficulties
and
suffered
a
lot
from
them.
4．I
am
glad
to
hear
that
you
have
recovered
from
your
heart
attack.
5．I
am
not
fond
of
pop
music,
because
I
often
have
trouble
understanding
(understand)
the
words.
6．Are
you
getting
along
nicely
with
your
classmates?
7．It's
eleven
o'clock
now,
but
she
cannot
settle
down
to
work.
8．The
little
boy
is
tired
of
listening
to
the
same
story.
Ⅱ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．It
was
not
difficult
for
the
police
to
find
out
the
murderer.
→The
police
had
no
difficulty
in
finding
out
the
murderer.
2．As
far
as
I
know,
he
has
been
a
soldier
for
three
years.
→As
far
as
I
know,
it
is
three
years
since
he
joined
the
army.
3．As
a
kind
and
warm?hearted
man,
he
always
thinks
that
it
is
his
duty
to
help
others
who
are
in
trouble.
→As
a
kind
and
warm?hearted
man,
he
made
it
his
duty
to
help
others
who
are
in
trouble.
4．It
is
five
years
since
they
fell
in
love
with
each
other.
→They
have
been
in
love
with
each
other
for
five
years.
PAGE
-
9
-Unit
1
Friendship
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
对于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。
1．连接词的选择
直接引语变为间接引语时，不同种类的句子有着不同的变化方式。陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时都转化成了宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
直接引语
间接引语
陈述句
用连词that引导，that可以省略
一般疑问句
用连词if或whether引导，said改为asked，其后还可以加sb.，句子用陈述句语序
特殊疑问句
用原来的特殊疑问词引导，句子用陈述句语序
The
boy
said,
“I
like
playing
basketball
very
much.”
→The
boy
said
that
he
liked
playing
basketball
very
much.
The
teacher
asked
the
boy,
“Do
you
like
playing
basketball？”
→The
teacher
asked
the
boy
whether
he
liked
playing
basketball.
2．人称变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循这样的规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
(1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。
She
said,
“My
brother
wants
to
go
with
me.”
→She
said
her
brother
wanted
to
go
with
her.
(2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
She
said
to
me,
“You
had
better
get
there
early.”
→She
told
me
that
I
had
better
get
there
early.
(3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
Mr
Smith
said,
“Jack
is
a
good
worker.”
→Mr
Smith
said
Jack
was
a
good
worker.
4．时态变化
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
Helen
said,
“I've
finished
writing
the
report.”
→Helen
said
that
she
had
finished
writing
the
report.
The
boy
said,
“My
father
came
to
pick
me
up.”
→The
boy
said
that
his
father
had
come
to
pick
him
up.
He
said,
“I
had
finished
my
homework
before
supper.”
→He
said
that
he
had
finished
his
homework
before
supper.
5．指示代词、地点状语、时间状语及动词的变化
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that
day
yesterday
the
day
before
this
evening
that
evening
tomorrow
the
next
day
last
week
the
week
before
ago
before
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
bring
take
come
go
“Where
did
you
have
a
picnic
yesterday？”
asked
his
friend.
→His
friend
asked
where
he
had
a
picnic
the
day
before.
He
said,
“I
am
going
to
see
a
film
tonight.”
→He
said
that
he
was
going
to
see
a
film
that
night.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
truly
believe
that
beauty
comes
from
within.
2．She
said,
“Our
bus
will_arrive
(arrive)
in
ten
minutes.”
3．My
mother
asked
me
whether
I
had_finished
(finish)
cleaning
my
bedroom.
4．“I
visited
(visit)
my
teacher
yesterday，”
he
said.
5．She
asked
me
whether
I
liked
tea
or
coffee.
6．My
brother
said,
“I
am_watching
(watch)
TV
now.”
7．“I
am_leaving
(leave)
for
London
next
week，”
my
sister
said
to
me.
8．“What
do
you
want
to
be？”
asked
Mrs
Crawford.
“Oh,
I
will_be
(be)
president，”
said
the
boy,
with
a
smile.
Ⅱ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语
1．Henry
said,
“I
don't
want
to
stay
here.”
→Henry
said
that_he_didn't_want_to_stay_there.
2．My
teacher
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
American
country
music？”
→My
teacher
asked
me
if/whether_I_liked_American_country_
music.
3．She
asked
me,
“What's
the
matter
with
you？”
→She
asked
me
what_was_the_matter_with_me.
4．My
father
said,
“I
worked
here
twenty
years
ago.”
→My
father
said
that_he_had_worked_there_twenty_years_before.
5．The
geography
teacher
said
to
us,
“The
earth
turns
around
the
sun.”
→The
geography
teacher
told
us
that_the_earth_turns_around_the_
sun.
Ⅲ.将下列间接引语改为直接引语
1．Jane
told
me
she
was
going
to
invite
all
her
friends
to
have
a
get?together.
→“I'm_going_to_invite_all_my_friends_to_have_a_get?together，”
Jane
told
me.
2．She
asked
me
if
my
father
was
an
engineer.
→She
asked
me,
“Is_your_father_an_engineer？”
3．I
asked
her
where
she
was
going
and
what
she
was
going
to
do
the
next
day.
→I
asked
her,
“Where_are_you_going_and_what_are_you_going
_to_do_tomorrow？”
4．The
stranger
asked
me
what
my
name
was.
→The
stranger
asked,
“What's_your_name？”
5．She
said
that
she
would
finish
her
work
the
next
day.
→“I'll_finish_my_work_tomorrow，”
she
said.
Ⅳ.请指出间接引语中的错误并改正
1．She
said,
“This
is
the
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived.”
→She
said
that
this
was
the
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
had
once
lived.
this→that
2．“I
bought
these
flowers
for
you，”
Jane
said.
→Jane
said
that
she
had
bought
these
flowers
for
me.
these→those
3．He
said,
“I
spoke
to
them
yesterday.”
→He
said
that
he
had
spoken
to
them
the
day
ago.
ago→before
4．“Come
here,
please，”
he
said.
→He
asked
me
to
come
there.
come→go
5．I
asked
him,
“Will
you
stay
at
home
tonight？”
→I
asked
whether
he
would
stay
at
home
this
night.
this→that
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Friendship
Section
Ⅳ 写作(Writing——建议信)
本单元的写作项目属于应用文类别中的“建议信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。
一、基本框架
1．开头(beginning)——开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state
your
idea)。
2．主体(body)——对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons
and
evidence)。
3．结尾(ending)——呼应开头，重申观点(restate
your
opinion)。
二、增分佳句
1．建议信开头常用句式：
①I
know
you
are
now
having
trouble
communicating
with
others,
and
you
may
often
feel
lonely.
我知道你现在在与人交流方面有些麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。
②I'm
glad
to
receive
your
letter
asking
for
my
advice
on...
很高兴收到你就……征求建议的来信。
③Here
are
some
tips/a
few
suggestions
to
help
you.
这里有帮助你的一些建议。
④I
think
you
can
make
it
if
you
follow
the
advice
below.
如果你听从以下建议，我认为你会做到的。
2．表达建议常用句式：
①First(ly),
why
not
join
a
club?
If
you
do
this,
you
can
make
friends.
首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部？如果你这样做的话，就会交到朋友。
②Second(ly),
you
should/can
try
to
talk
with
others.
Then/That
way,
you
will
feel
better.
其次，你应该尽力与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。
③Third(ly),
it
would
be
a
good
idea
if
you
read
a
book
or
listen
to
music.
By
doing
this,
you
will
calm
yourself
down.
第三，如果你看书或听音乐将会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。
④Last
but
not
least,
you
should
talk
with
her
first.
最后但同等重要的是，你应该先和她谈一谈。
⑤As
far
as
I
am
concerned/In
my
opinion,
you
should
help
each
other.
就我而言/在我看来，你们应该互相帮助。
3．建议信结尾常用句式：
①I
hope
you
will
find
these
ideas
useful.
我希望你会发现这些办法有用。
②As
time
goes
on,
people
will
know
you
better
and
will
like
to
make
friends
with
you
if
you
can
follow
the
above.
如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加理解你，会愿意和你交朋友的。
③I
believe
that
if
you
follow
my
advice,
you'll
get
along
well
with
your
classmates.
我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处好的。
④I
believe,
with
your
trying,
you
can
manage
to
overcome
these
difficulties.
我相信，有了你的努力，你会成功克服这些困难的。
[题目要求]
假如你是李华，你的好朋友苏茹在交友方面存在着一些困难，请根据下面提示给她写一封信。词数：100左右。
1．要交朋友首先要做一个朋友；
2．要和朋友同甘共苦，患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友；
3．友谊需要时间和投入(effort)。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为建议信；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应用第二人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一段点出写信的目的；
第二段正文列出所提的建议；
最后一段写出写信人的希望。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．tip/advice/suggestion
建议
2．make_friends
交朋友
3．have
trouble/difficulty
in
doing...
做……有困难
4．share
happiness
and
sorrow
with...
和……同甘共苦
5．call_for/need
需要
6．put_one's_heart_into
全心全意
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．知道你在交友方面有麻烦，我很抱歉。(宾语从句)
I
am
sorry
to
know
that_you_are_having_trouble_in_making_friends.
2．如果你采纳我的建议，改变这种处境是很容易的。(be＋adj.＋to
do)
The
situation
is_easy_to_change
if
you
take
my
advice.
3．要交朋友首先要做一个朋友。(主谓结构)
If
you
want
to
make
friends,
you_should_be_a_friend_first.
4．你要和朋友同甘共苦。
You
should
share_happiness_and_sorrow_with_your_friend.
5．患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友。
A
friend
in_need
is
a_friend_indeed.
6．友谊需要时间和投入。(主谓宾结构)
Friendship
calls_for/needs_time_and_effort.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用why
not改写句3
Why
not
be
a
friend
first
if
you
want
to
make
friends?
2．用wouldn't
it
be
a
good
idea
if...改写句4
Wouldn't
it
be
a
good
idea
if
you
share
happiness
and
sorrow
with
your
friend?
3．用just
as
a
saying
goes来丰富句5
Just
as
a
saying
goes,
“A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.”
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
(注意使用however,
to
begin
with,
in
addition,
last
but
not
least等关联词)
Dear
Su
Ru，
I
am
sorry
to
know
that
you
are
having
trouble
in
making
friends.
However,
the
situation
is
easy
to
change
if
you
take
my
advice.
Here
are
some
tips
to
help
you.
To
begin
with,
why
not
be
a
friend
first
if
you
want
to
make
friends?
In
addition,
wouldn't
it
be
a
good
idea
if
you
share
happiness
and
sorrow
with
your
friend?
Just
as
a
saying
goes,
“A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.”
Last
but
not
least,
it
would
be
a
good
idea
if
you
put
your
heart
into
making
friends.
It
is
well?known
to
us
all
that
friendship
calls
for
time
and
effort.
I
hope
you
will
find
these
ideas
useful.
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Friendship
Section
Ⅴ 单元要点复习
?重点单词
1.
upset
adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦→upsetting
adj.令人心烦意乱的
2.
ignore
vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorance
n．无知，愚昧→ignorant
adj.无知的
3.
calm
vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
4.
concern
vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned
adj.担忧的→concerning
prep.关于
5.
loose
adj.松的；松开的→loosely
adv.宽松地；松散地
6.
series
n．连续；系列
7.
outdoors
adv.在户外；在野外→outdoor
adj.户外的
8.
entire
adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely
adv.整个地；完全地；全部地
9.
power
n．能力；力量；权力→powerful
adj.有权势的
10.
settle
vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决
→settlement
n．安居；定居
11.
suffer
vi.&vt.遭受；忍受；经历
12.
recover
vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery
n．痊愈；复苏；找回
13.
pack
vi.&vt.捆扎；包装；打行李n.小包；包裹
14.
exactly
adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact
adj.精确的
15.
disagree
vi.不同意→disagreement
n．不同意
16.
grateful
adj.感激的，表示感谢的
17.
tip
n．提示，技巧vt.倾斜，翻倒
18.
teenager
n．十几岁的青少年
?重点短语
1.
add_up
合计
add_up_to
总计，加起来是
add...to...
把……加入到……
add_to
增加
2．calm_down
平静下来；镇定下来
3．have_got_to
不得不，必须(＝have
to)
4．be_concerned_about/for
关心，挂念
be_concerned_with
涉及
5．go_through
经历；经受；仔细检查；用完，耗尽
6．set_down
放下；记下；登记
7．a_series_of
一连串的；一系列的
8．on_purpose
故意
by_chance/by_accident
偶然
9．in_order_to
为了……(用于句首、句中)
so_as_to
为了……(不用于句首)
in_order_that/so_that
为了……(＋句子)
10．at_dusk
在黄昏时刻
at_dawn
在黎明
11．face_to_face
面对面
12．no
longer/not...any
longer
不再
13．suffer_from
遭受；患病
14．get/be_tired_of
对……厌烦
15．pack_(sth.)_up
将(东西)装箱打包
16．get_along/on_with
与……相处；进展
17．fall_in_love
相爱；爱上
18．join_in
参加；加入
19．be_grateful_to_sb.for_sth.
因某事对某人表示感谢
?重点句式
1．While_walking_the_dog,_you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
2．I
can
well
remember
that
there_was_a_time_when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
3．...it
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd_seen
the
night
face
to
face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
4．Mother
asked
her
if/whether
she
was
very
hot
with
so
many
clothes
on.
妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。
5．It's_no_pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thing
that
really
must
be
experienced.
通过它们来观看已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是必须亲自体验的。
6．I
wonder
if
it's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I've
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
我不知道这是不是我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
?单元语法
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)：时态、语序和人称的变化
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