Unit
2 English
around
the
world
American
and
British
people
both
speak
English
of
course.
But
sometimes
it
does
not
seem
like
the
same
language.
In
fact,
there
are
some
important
differences
between
British
English
and
American
English.
First
of
all,
they
sound
very
different.
Often,
Americans
don't
say
each
word
separately.
They
say
several
words
together.
Americans
may
say
“I
dunno”
instead
of
“I
don't
know”.
However,
the
British
are
more
careful
on
their
speech.
They
usually
say
all
the
words
and
keep
them
separate.
Also,
some
letters
have
different
sounds.
For
example,
the
Americans
say
the
“a”
in
half
like
the
“a”
in
cat.
But
the
British
say
the
“a”
in
half
like
the
“o”
in
soft.
Sound
is
not
the
only
difference
between
British
English
and
American
English.
Words
sometimes
have
different
meanings
too.
Some
American
words
are
never
used
in
England.
The
same
thing
is
true
of
some
British
words
in
America.
For
example,
the
vocabulary
for
cars
and
driving
is
very
different.
Americans
drive
trucks,
but
in
England
they
drive
lorries.
Many
expressions
are
also
different
in
the
two
countries.
In
England,
if
you
are
going
to
telephone
friends,
you
“ring
them
up”.
In
America
you
“give
them
a
call”．
There
are
also
sometimes
differences
in
grammar.
For
example,
Americans
usually
use
the
helping
verb
“do”
when
they
ask
a
question.
They
say
“Do
you
have
class
today？”
But
the
British
often
leave
out
the
helping
verb.
They
say
“Have
you
class
today？”
All
these
differences
can
be
confusing
if
you
are
learning
English.
But
most
languages
are
like
this.
Languages
change
over
time.
When
people
live
in
separate
places,
the
languages
change
in
different
ways.
This
is
what
happened
to
English.
It
can
also
happen
to
other
languages,
such
as
French.
Many
people
in
Canada
speak
French
but
their
French
is
very
different
from
the
French
of
France.
Task:
Choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
passage.
1．The
vocabulary
for
cars
and
driving
is
________.
A．an
example
of
British
English
B．different
in
the
US
and
England
C．an
example
of
modern
technology
D．the
same
in
the
US
and
England
答案：B
2．This
passage
is
mainly
about
________.
A．English
vocabulary
B．how
American
sounds
are
different
from
British
sounds
C．the
way
the
British
say
words
D．some
differences
between
American
and
British
English
答案：D
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．official
adj.
官方的；正式的；公务的
2．voyage
n.
航行；航海
3．native
adj.
本国的；本地的；n.本国人；本地人
4.
actually
adv.事实上；实际上
actual
adj.实际的
5．base
vt.
以……为根据；n.基部；基础；基地
basic
adj.
基础的；基本的
6．gradual
adj.
逐渐的；逐步的
gradually
adv.
逐渐地；逐步地
7．latter
adj.
较后的；(两者中)后者的；后半的
later
adj.
后期的
8．identity
n.
本身；本体；身份
9．fluent
adj.
流利的；流畅的
fluently
adv.
流利地；流畅地
10．frequent
adj.
频繁的；常见的
frequently
adv.
常常；频繁地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．because_of
因为；由于
2．come_up
走近；被提出；上来
3．at_present
现在；目前
4．make_use_of
利用；使用
5．such_as
例如……；像这种的
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．Why
not＋do...?
Why
not
go
(go)
by
Underground?
为什么不乘地铁去？
2．even
if引导让步状语从句
Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
3．过去分词短语作后置定语
At
first
the
English
spoken_in_England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
very
different
from
the
English
spoken
today.
(speak)
起初，大约在公元450年到1150年间，英国人所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。
课文预读
————————————————————————————
THE
ROAD
TO
MODERN
ENGLISH
At
the
end
of①
the
16th
century,
about
five
to
seven
million
people
spoke
English.
Nearly②
all
of
them
lived
in
England.
Later
in
the
next
century,
people
from
England
made
voyages③
to
conquer④
other
parts
of
the
world
and
because
of⑤
that,
English
began
to
be
spoken
in
many
other
countries.
Today,
more
people
speak
English
as
their
first,
second
or
a
foreign
language
than
ever
before.
Native⑥
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English⑦.
Look
at
this
example：
British
Betty:
Would
you
like
to
see
my
flat?
American
Amy:
Yes.
I'd
like
to⑧
come
up⑨
to
your
apartment⑩.
①at
the
end
of
在……尽头；在……结束时
②nearly
adv.
几乎；接近；差不多
③voyage
[?v?IId?]
n.
航行；航海
make
a
voyage/voyages
to
航海/航行去……
④conquer
[?k??k?(r)]
vt.
征服；占领
⑤because
of
因为；由于
⑥native
[?neItIv]
adj.
本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人
be
native
to
原产于(＝be
home
to)
⑦even
if＝even
though
“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
⑧would
like
to
do
sth.
想要做某事
⑨come
up
走近；上来；被提出
⑩apartment
[??pɑ?tm?nt]
n.
〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅
flat
〈英〉公寓套房
通向现代英语之路
[第1～2段译文]
16世纪末，大约有500万到700万人说英语。这些人几乎都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，有的作为第一语言来说，有的作为第二语言或一门外语。
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。请看这个例子：
英国人贝蒂：你想看一下我的公寓吗？
美国人艾米：好的，我很乐意到你的公寓去。
So
why
has
English
changed
over
time?？
Actually?
all
languages
change
and
develop
when
cultures
meet
and
communicate
with?
each
other?.
At
first
the
English
spoken
in
England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150?
was
very
different
from?
the
English
spoken
today.
It
was
based?
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present?.
Then
gradually?
between
about
AD
800
and
1150,
English
became
less
like
German
because
those
who
ruled?
England
spoke
first
Danish
and
later
French.
These
new
settlers
enriched
the
English
language
and
especially
its
vocabulary.
So
by
the
1600's
Shakespeare
was
able
to
make
use
of
a
wider
vocabulary
than
ever
before.
In
1620
some
British
settlers
moved
to
America.
Later
in
the
18th
century
some
British
people
were
taken
to
Australia
too.
English
began
to
be
spoken
in
both
countries.
?over
time＝as
time
goes
by
随着时间的推移
?actually
[??kt???lI]
adv.实际上；事实上
in
fact
事实上；实际上
?communicate
with
sb.
与某人交流
?when引导时间状语从句，从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词meet和communicate。
?过去分词短语spoken...作后置定语，修饰the
English。
?be
different
from
与……不同
?base
[beIs]
vt.
以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础
be
based
on
以……为基础
?we
speak
at
present
为定语从句，修饰先行词the
English，从句中省略了关系代词that/which。
at
present
现在；目前
?gradually
[?gr?d???lI]
adv.
逐渐地；逐步地
gradual
[?gr?d???l]
adj.
逐渐的；逐步的
?rule
vt.统治；n.规则
Danish
[?deInI?]
n．丹麦语adj.丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的
enrich
[In?rIt?]
vt.
使富裕；充实；改善
en?是一个常见的构成及物动词的前缀。如：enlarge使扩大。
especially
adv.
尤其；特别
vocabulary
[v??k?bj?l?rI]
n．词汇；词汇量；词表
make
use
of
利用；使用
[第3段译文]
那么，随着时间的推移，英语为什么会变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到公元1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。这些新的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是英语词汇。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。1620年一些英国移民到了美国。后来在18世纪，也有一些英国人被带到了澳大利亚。?于是?这两个国家的人开始说英语了。
[第4～5段译文]
最后到19世纪这种语言定型了。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了一本词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。
如今英语在南亚也被当作一门外语或第二语言来使用。例如，印度拥有众多英语讲得十分流利的人，这是因为英国从1765年到1947年统治着印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。如今学英语的中国人在迅速增多。事实上，中国或许是世界上英语学习者最多的国家。将来中式英语会不会形成自己的特征呢？这个问题只能由时间来回答了。
课文理解
Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配段落大意
Para.
1( B ) A．All
languages
change
when
cultures
communicate
with
one
another.
So
does
English.
Para.
2( C )
B．How
English
spread
(传播)
in
the
past.
Para.
3( A )
C．Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
Para.
4( D )
D．By
the
19th
century,
two
big
changes
in
English
spelling
happened.
Para.
5( E )
E．English
is
spoken
in
many
countries.
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Where
did
most
of
the
English
speakers
live
at
the
end
of
the
16th
century?
A．America.
B．England.
C．South
Asia.
D．South
Africa.
答案：B
2．When
did
English
begin
to
be
spoken
in
many
other
countries?
A．In
the
17th
century.
B．At
the
end
of
the
16th
century.
C．Between
about
AD
450
and
1150.
D．In
the
19th
century.
答案：A
3．According
to
the
text,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A．Languages
always
stay
the
same.
B．Languages
change
only
after
wars.
C．Languages
no
longer
change.
D．Languages
change
when
cultures
change.
答案：D
4．From
Paragraph
3,
we
can
learn
that
from
AD
450
to
1150,
English
sounded
more
like
________.
A．German
B．Chinese
C．French
D．Russian
答案：A
5．Why
does
India
have
a
very
large
number
of
fluent
English
speakers?
A．Because
Indians
like
learning
English
very
much.
B．Because
India
has
the
largest
number
of
English
learners.
C．Because
Britain
ruled
India
from
1765
to
1947.
D．Because
India
has
a
close
relationship
with
Britain.
答案：C
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
Then
gradually
between
about
AD
800
and
1150,
English
became
less
like
German
because
those
who
ruled
England
spoke
first
Danish
and
later
French.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句。because引导原因状语从句。在从句中who引导定语从句，修饰those。
[自主翻译] 然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语变得不那么像德语了，因为那时英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。
native
adj.
本国的；本地的；与生俱来的n.本地人；本国人；本地的动物或植物
(教材P10)Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
be
native
to...
产于……
a
native
of...
是……的本地人
[即学即用]
(1)She
spoke
not
only
her
native
language,
Swedish,
but
also
English
and
French...
她不仅讲自己的母语——瑞典语，还讲英语和法语……
(2)You
can
always
tell
the
difference
between
the
tourists
and
the
natives.
游客与当地人之间的区别总是一看便知。
(3)The
stranger,
a
native
of
the
little
town,
had
just
returned
after
twelve
years
in
the
inland
country.
那个陌生人是这个小镇的本地人，在内陆国家居住了十二年之后刚刚回来。
(4)This
plant
which
flowers
in
spring
is
also
native
to
Britain,
especially
in
the
eastern
parts.
这种春天开花的植物也产于英国，特别是东部地区。
(5)You
speak
English
very
natively!
How
can
you
make
it?
你的英语很地道啊！你是怎么做到的呢？
2
(教材P10)It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
(1)base...on...
以……为基础
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础/依据
(2)on
the
basis
of＝based
on
根据；基于……
[即学即用]
(1)When
they
arrived
at
their
destination,
the
explorers
set
up
a
base
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain.
当他们到达目的地后，探险者们在山脚下建立了基地。
(2)The
scientist
didn't
realise
that
he
had
based
all
his
statements
on
a
false
theory.
这位科学家没有意识到他所有的论断都基于一个错误的理论。
(3)The
theory
he
put
up
was
based
on
his
many
years'
research,
so
it
was
practical.
他提出的理论是以他多年的研究为依据的，因此是切实可行的。
(4)It
is
said
that
he
bases
the
novel
on
his
travels
in
India
a
few
years
ago.
＝It
is
said
that
the
novel
is_based_on
his
travels
in
India
a
few
years
ago.
据说，这部小说是根据他几年前的印度之行写的。
(5)On
the
basis
of
these
theories
the
president
worked
out
his
picture
of
the
state
of
the
future.
根据这些理论，总统制订出了国家未来的蓝图。
3
(教材P10)The
latter
gave
a
separate
identity
to
American
English
spelling.
后者形成了美国英语拼写的不同特色。
the
former...and
the
latter... 前者……后者……
later
adv.
后来
latest
adj.
最新的，最近的
lately
adv.
(＝recently)
最近，近来
[即学即用]
(1)In
the
latter
years
of
his
life
the
great
writer
lived
alone
and
never
welcomed
visitors.
这位伟大的作家晚年独居，从不欢迎来访者。
(2)Mary
tried
to
pick
a
quarrel
with
her
husband,
but
the
latter
just
ignored
her.
玛丽想找碴儿跟她丈夫吵一架，但她丈夫就是不理睬她。
(3)Jane
and
Mary
are
good
friends;
the
former
is
a
teacher,
and
the
latter
is
a
nurse.
简和玛丽是好朋友，前者是老师，后者是护士。
(4)选词填空(latter/later/latest/lately)
①It
has
been
very
cold
lately
but
it
is
beginning
to
get
a
bit
warmer.
②If
I
had
to
make
a
decision,
I
would
choose
the
former
over
the
latter.
③She
said
in
her
last
letter
that
she
was
satisfied
with
her
latest
boyfriend.
④Tom
and
Mary
got
married
in
1985.
Two
years
later,_they
broke
up.
1
(教材P9)Later
in
the
next
century,
people
from
England
made
voyages
to
conquer
other
parts
of
the
world
and
because
of
that,
English
began
to
be
spoken
in
many
other
countries.
后来，在下个世纪，英国人(开始)航海并征服了世界其他地区。因此，许多别的国家开始说英语了。
?1?because
of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句
?2?because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句
[即学即用]
①There
were
many
homeless
people
because
of
the
war.
由于战争，很多人无家可归。
②She
was
quite
angry
because
of
what
you
had
said.
因为你说的话，她很生气。
③Our
flight
was
delayed
because
the
weather
was
bad.
④He
didn't
go
to
school
because_of
his
illness.
2
(教材P10)I'd
like
to
come
up
to
your
apartment.
我很乐意到你的公寓去。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中come
up的含义
①The
flowers
are
just
beginning
to
come
up.
发芽
②Come
up
to
the
fire,
and
you
will
feel
warm.
走近
③A
new
suggestion
came
up
at
the
meeting.
提出
[巧学助记]
[易混辨析]
come
up/come
up
with
come
up
意为“(问题、建议或方案等)被提出”时为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态
come
up
with
意为“提出”，为及物动词短语，主语通常为人，宾语为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词
[即学即用]
选用上述短语填空
④A
plan
to
improve
our
living
conditions
came_up
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
⑤The
people
present
at
the
meeting
came_up_with
a
plan
to
improve
our
living
conditions
yesterday.
3
(教材P10)It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
它(当时的英语)比我们现在所讲的英语要更多的以德语为基础。
(1)at
the
present
time 目前，现在
for
the
present
目前；暂时
(2)be
present
at
出席
[即学即用]
①At
present,
I
am
suffering
from
a
bad
back.
现在，我正在遭受背痛的折磨。
②We
do
not
have
any
more
information
at_the_present_time.
目前我们还没有进一步的消息。
③All
the
people
(who
were)
present
at
the
meeting
were
moved
by
his
story.
所有出席会议的人都被他的故事打动了。
4
(教材P10)So
by
the
1600's
Shakespeare
was
able
to
make
use
of
a
wider
vocabulary
than
ever
before.
所以到17世纪，莎士比亚能够使用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
make
good/full/little
use
of
好好/充分/不充分利用
make
the
best/most
of
充分利用
[即学即用]
①We
train
them
to
make
use
of
reference
books.
我们训练他们使用参考书。
②Make
full
use
of
every
chance
you
have
to
speak
English.
要充分利用一切机会说英语。
[名师点津]
(1)若把make
use
of的宾语提前，句子则用被动语态，介词of要保留，后面用动词不定式作目的状语。
(2)若把use提前，句子的其他成分可变为被动语态；若use提前且作先行词，其后要接定语从句。
③Every
minute
should
be
made
use
of
to
study.
应该充分利用每一分钟去学习。
④Good
use
should
be
made
of
time
to
study.
应该充分利用时间来学习。
1
Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.,以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
even
if意为“即使；尽管”，相当于even
though，引导让步状语从句。
①Even
if
he
knows
the
secret,
he'll
not
let
it
out.
即使他知道这个秘密，他也不会泄露的。
②He
is
willing
to
help
us
even_if/though_he_is_very_busy.
尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。
③He
came
to
say
goodbye
to
me
even_if/though_it_was_raining_
heavily.
即使下着大雨他也来为我送别。
It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
(1)more...than... 与其说……倒不如说……；
比……多；比……更……
(2)more
than与数词连用，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over
(3)more
than＋n.意为“不只是；不仅仅……”
①As
far
as
I
know,
he
is
more
careful
than
the
others.
据我所知，他比其他人更仔细。
②When
her
son
lied
again,
she
was
more_sad_than_angry.
当她儿子再次撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
③They
have
been
in
love
for
more
than
5
years.
他们相爱已经5年多了。
④They
are
more_than
classmates.
They
are
close
friends.
他们不只是同学，还是知心朋友。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
am
very
busy
at
present,
and
I
can't
join
in
your
game.
2．His
story
is_based
(base)
on
his
own
experience
when
he
was
studying
in
Harvard
University.
3．Animals
such
as
cats,
dogs
and
horses
are
man's
friends.
4．John
and
James
are
brothers;
the
former
is
a
doctor,
and
the
latter
(late)
is
an
engineer.
5．As
we
all
know,
the
panda
is
native
to
China.
6．Your
spare
time
should
be
made
full
use
of
to_make
(make)
up
your
missed
lessons.
Ⅱ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．Because
there
was
heavy
fog,
the
freeway
was
closed
for
the
time
being.
→Because
of
the
heavy
fog,
the
freeway
was
closed
for
the
time
being.
2．No
one
believed
it,
but,
in
fact,
Helen
did
get
an
A
on
her
math.
→No
one
believed
it,
but,
actually,_Helen
did
get
an
A
on
her
math.
→No
one
believed
it,
but
as
a
matter
of
fact,_Helen
did
get
an
A
on
her
math.
3．The
problem,
which
is
being
discussed
now,
is
connected
with
the
future
of
our
school.
→The
problem,
which
is
being
discussed
at
present,_is
connected
with
the
future
of
our
school.
4．Many
questions
about
how
to
learn
English
came
up
at
the
meeting.
→They
came
up
with
many
questions
about
how
to
learn
English
at
the
meeting.
5．Although
we
could
afford
it,
we
wouldn't
go
abroad
for
our
vacation.
→Even
if/though
we
could
afford
it,
we
wouldn't
go
abroad
for
our
vacation.
6．The
dog
is
not
only
a
pet,
but
also
it
is
my
friend.
→The
dog
is
more
than
a
pet;
it
is
also
my
friend.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
2
English
around
the
world
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．usage
n.
使用；用法；词语惯用法
2．command
n．&vt.
命令；指令；掌握
3．request
n．&vt.请求；要求
4．expression
n.
词语；表示；表达
express
vt.
表达
5．eastern
adj.
东方的；东部的
east
n.
东方；东部地区
6．recognize
vt.
辨认出；承认；公认
recognition
n.
认出；承认
7．accent
n.
口音；腔调；重音
8．straight
adv.
直接；挺直；adj.
直的；笔直的；正直的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．instead_of
代替；而不是
2．turn_off
关闭(电源等)
3．hold_on
(电话)别挂断，等一下
4．believe_it_or_not
信不信由你
5．from_all_over_the_world
来自世界各地
6．play_a_part_(in)
扮演一个角色；参与
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．This
is
because...这是因为……
This_is_because_in_the_early_days_of_radio,_those
who
reported
the
news
were
expected
to
speak
excellent
English.
这是因为在早期的收音机时代，对新闻播音员的要求是讲一口极好的英语。
2．the
way
后接定语从句
However,
on
TV
and
the
radio
you
will
hear
differences
in
the_way_people_speak.
但是，从电视上和收音机上，你会听到不同的人有着不同的说话方式。
3．the
same...as...
和……一样……
So
people
from
the
mountains
in
the
southeastern
USA
speak
with
almost
the_same
dialect
as_people_in_the_northwestern_USA.
所以来自美国东南部山区的人和来自美国西北部的人几乎说着同样的方言。
课文预读
STANDARD
ENGLISH
AND
DIALECTS
What
is
standard①
English?
Is
it
spoken
in
Britain,
the
US,
Canada,
Australia,
India
and
New
Zealand?
Believe
it
or
not②，
there
is
no
such③
thing
as④
standard
English.
Many
people
believe
the
English
spoken
on
TV⑤
and
the
radio⑥
is
standard
English.
This
is
because
in
the
early
days
of
radio,
those
who
reported
the
news⑦
were
expected⑧
to
speak
excellent
English.
However,
on
TV
and
the
radio
you
will
hear
differences
in
the
way
people
speak⑨.
When
people
use
words
and
expressions⑩
different
from
the
“standard
language”?，
it
is
called
a
dialect?.
American
English
has
many
dialects,
especially
the
midwestern?，
southern?，
African
American
and
Spanish
dialects.
Even
in
some
parts
of
the
USA,
two
people
from
neighbouring?
towns
speak
a
little
differently.
American
English
has
so
many
dialects
because
people
have
come
from
all
over?
the
world.
①standard
adj.标准的；普通的n.标准；规格
②believe
it
or
not
信不信由你
③such
adj.
如此的；这样的
④as表示“像……一样”
⑤on
TV在电视上
⑥过去分词短语spoken
on
TV
and
the
radio作后置定语，修饰the
English。
⑦who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
⑧expect
vt.盼望；预期；预料
⑨people
speak为定语从句，修饰the
way。省略了作状语的引导词that/in
which。
⑩expression
[Ik?spre?n]
n．词语；表示；表达
?形容词短语different
from
the
“standard
language”作后置定语，修饰其前面的words
and
expressions。
?dialect
[?daI?lekt]
n．方言
?midwestern
[mId?west?n]
adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的
?southern
adj.南方的；南部的
?neighbouring
adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)
?all
over遍及；到处
标准英语和方言
[第1～2段译文]
什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。
当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。
[第3段译文]
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．There
is
no
standard
English
in
the
writer's
opinion.( T )
2．The
way
people
speak
on
TV
and
the
radio
is
different.( T )
3．American
English
has
many
dialects,
such
as
the
midwestern,
southern,
African
American
and
Spanish
dialects.( T )
4．People
from
the
mountains
in
the
southeastern
USA
speak
with
the
same
dialect
as
people
in
the
northwestern
USA.( F )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Why
do
many
people
believe
the
English
spoken
on
TV
and
the
radio
is
standard
English?
A．Because
the
English
spoken
on
TV
and
the
radio
is
the
same.
B．Because
people
believe
those
who
reported
the
news
speak
excellent
English.
C．Because
the
government
tells
them
what
standard
English
is.
D．Because
they
can't
speak
English
well
by
themselves.
答案：B
2．Which
of
the
statements
about
dialects
is
TRUE?
A．No
words
and
expressions
spoken
on
TV
are
dialects.
B．In
Britain
there
are
more
dialects
than
in
the
USA.
C．Dialects
are
widely
used
in
the
USA.
D．Dialects
are
better
than
standard
English.
答案：C
3．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
third
paragraph?
A．Geography
plays
a
part
in
making
dialects.
B．Some
people
live
in
the
mountains.
C．The
people
who
live
in
different
areas
can
understand
each
other.
D．Americans
like
moving
from
one
place
to
another.
答案：A
1
(教材P12)Can
you
find
the
following
command
and
request
from
Reading?
你能从阅读中找到下列的命令和要求吗？
(1)under
the
command
of
sb.＝under
sb.'s
command
由某人指挥；由某人控制
have
a
command
of...
了解/掌握……
(2)command
sb.
to
do
sth.
命令某人做某事
command
that
sb.
(should)
do
sth.
命令某人应该做某事(从句用
虚拟语气，should可以省略)
[巧学助记]
[温馨提示] command后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。能这样用的动词可以用以下口诀来记忆：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command,
order)；三建议(advise,
suggest,
propose)；四要求(request,
require,
demand,
ask)。
[即学即用]
(1)Twelve?year?old
girl
as
she
is,
she
has
had
a
good
command
of
English.
她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟练掌握了英语。
(2)The
teacher
commanded
students
to
have
everything
well
prepared
in
half
an
hour.
＝The
teacher
commanded
that
students
(should)
have
everything
well
prepared
in
half
an
hour.
老师命令学生在半小时内把一切都准备好。
(3)The
general
issued
a
command
that
all
of
them
(should)
come
(come)
at
six
o'clock.
将军下达了一个命令：他们所有人都要在六点钟到。
(4)Up
to
now,
the
soldiers
haven't
received
any
command
from
the
headquarters
that
they
(should)_start
(start)
at
once.
到目前为止，战士们还没有收到来自总部的让他们立刻出发的任何命令。
(5)The
boss
commanded
that
his
workers
(should)_not_leave
(leave)
their
office
before
dark.
老板命令他的员工们天黑之前不能离开办公室。
2
(教材P12)In
English
you
use
a
command
or
a
request
when
you
want
someone
to
do
something.
在英语里当你想要某人做某事时，你给人下命令或请求别人。
request
sb.to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
request
that...
(should)
do
要求……(从句用虚拟语气)
at
sb.'s
request＝at
the
request
of
sb.
应某人的请求
make
a
request＋that从句
做出请求(从句用虚拟语气)
[即学即用]
(1)As
the
manager
refused
her
request
for
an
increase
in
salary,
his
secretary
walked
out
on
him.
因为经理拒绝了女秘书加薪的要求，她就离开了他。
(2)At
the
request
of
Mayor,
the
writer
made
a
speech
on
the
square
after
his
book
signing.
应市长的要求，这位作家在签字售书之后在广场上做了演讲。
(3)All
the
students
are
requested
to_attend
(attend)
the
meeting
to
be
held
tomorrow
on
time.
全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议。
(4)Workers
request
that
their
working
conditions
(should)
be
improved
(improve)
as
soon
as
possible.
工人们要求尽快改善他们的工作条件。
(5)All
of
us
made
a
request
that
the
problem
(should)_be_discussed
(discuss)
at
the
meeting.
我们都提议在会上讨论这个问题。
3
(教材P13)Although
many
Americans
move
a
lot,
they
still
recognize
and
understand
each
other's
dialects.
虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
(1)recognize
one's
voice 辨别出某人的声音
(2)
(3)beyond/out
of
recognition
面目全非；识别不出
[易混辨析]
recognize,
know
recognize
指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间或别的原因后又重新认出来，是终止性动词
know
是延续性动词，指相互间十分熟悉，十分了解
[即学即用]
(1)The
moment
I
answered
the
phone,
I
recognized
his
voice.
我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。
(2)The
book
is
recognized
as/to
be
one
of
the
greatest
works
of
literature
of
this
century.
那本书被公认为是本世纪最伟大的文学作品之一。
(3)Since
Darwin's
birth,
the
natural
world
has
changed
beyond
recognition.
从达尔文出生的那天起，自然世界就已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。
(4)He
made
his
face
dirty
on
purpose
in
order
not_to_be_recognized
by
the
enemy.
为了不被敌人认出，他故意把脸弄脏。
(5)用recognize和know的正确形式填空
I
have
known
him
for
10
years.
But
I
didn't
recognize
him
just
now
because
he
has
changed
so
much.
我认识他已有10年了。但他变化如此大，我刚才没有认出他来。
4
(教材P15)She
told
us
to
go
around
the
corner
on
the
left
and
keep
going
straight
for
two
blocks.
她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。
a
block
of 一大块
block
out
挡住，遮住(光线或声音)；抹去(不愉快的事)
[即学即用]
(1)He
lives
three
blocks
away
from
here.
他住的地方与此处相隔三条街区。
(2)The
thief
tried
to
leave
the
shop,
but
the
police
officer
blocked
his
path.
小偷想离开商店，但是那位警官拦住了他(逃跑)的去路。
(3)The
noise
from
the
car
blocked
out
the
sound
of
our
voices.
汽车的噪声把我们的说话声盖下去了。
(4)After
landing,
he
was
unable
to
leave
the
airport,
because
roads
into
the
city
were_blocked.
飞机着陆后，他未能离开机场，因为通往城市的道路被阻塞了。
(5)Over
the
years
she
had
tried
to_block_out
that
part
of
her
life.
多年来她努力把她生命中的那一段经历抹去。
(教材P13)Geography
also
plays
a
part
in
making
dialects.
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
play
a
role
in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演一个角色
play
the
part/role
of
扮演……的角色
take
an
active
part
in
积极参加
[即学即用]
①He
played
a
small
part
in
the
play.
他在那部戏剧中扮演了一个小角色。
②Li
Bingbing
played
a
leading
role
in
the
play.
李冰冰在那部剧中担任主角。
③People
don't
like
to
play
the
part
of
the
bad
guy.
人们不喜欢扮演坏人的角色。
[名师点津] 表示“(在剧中)扮演某人的角色”时，role或part前要加定冠词the。
there
is
no
such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no
such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样
的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not
such
a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。
①There
is
no
such
(＝not
such
a)
man
in
our
company.
我们的公司没有这样的人。
②It
may
help
you
to
know
that
there_is_no_such_thing_as
a
perfect
speech.
它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。
2
This
is
because
in
the
early
days
of
radio，
those
who
reported
the
news
were
expected
to
speak
excellent
English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。
This/That
is
because... 这/那是因为……
This/That
is
why...
这/那就是……的原因。
①He
missed
the
first
bus
and
that
was
because
he
got
up
late
this
morning.
他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
②You
have
made
great
progress
in
English.
This
is
because
you
have
improved
your
studying
methods.
你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改进了学习方法。
③I've
got
a
cold;
that
is
why
I
wouldn't
like
to
have
a
meal.
我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。
3
So
people
from
the
mountains
in
the
southeastern
USA
speak
with
almost
the
same
dialect
as
people
in
the
northwestern
USA.
因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。
the
same
(...)
as...和……一样；与……相同。
(1)the
same...as... 表示同类的事物
(2)the
same...that...
表示同一个事物
①As
a
matter
of
fact,
I
have
the
same
trouble
as
you.
事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。
②This
is
the
same
book
as
Mr
Li
lost.
这本书和李先生丢的书一样。(同类的书)
③This
is
the
same
book
that
Mr
Li
lost.
这就是李先生丢的那本书。(同一本书)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．①In
the
company,
we
know
that
he
is_recognized
(recognize)
as
a
strict
leader.
②—How
do
you
like
our
city?
—It
has
changed
beyond
all
recognition
(recognize)
in
the
past
20
years,
a
completely
new
one
in
front
of
me.
2．①We
send
messages
to
people
around
us
through
facial
expressions
(express)
and
body
movements.
②The
boy
is
old
enough
to_express
(express)
himself.
3．①Having
(have)
a
good
command
of
English
and
computer
science
is
of
great
help.
②The
command
was
that
the
room
(should)_be_cleaned
(clean)
at
once.
③He
is
in
command
of
the
basketball
team.
④The
boss
commanded
me
to_go
(go)
there
at
once.
⑤The
boss
commanded
that
I
(should)_go
(go)
there
at
once.
4．①The
teacher
made
a
request
that
the
students
(should)_be
(be)
well
prepared
for
the
coming
exam.
②The
teacher
requested
that
the
students
(should)_be
(be)
well
prepared
for
the
coming
exam.
③The
teacher
requested
the
students
to_be
(be)
well
prepared
for
the
coming
exam.
④The
students
were_requested
(request)
to
be
well
prepared
for
the
coming
exam
last
week.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Vinegar
plays_an_important_part/role_in_helping
us
keep
healthy.
(play)
醋在帮助我们保持健康方面起着重要作用。
2.
There_is_no_such_man
as
you
have
described
in
our
neighbourhood.
(such)
我们的居民区没有你描述的那样的人。
3．There
are
many
fans
crowded
in
the
concert
hall
now.
This_is_because
their
idol
is
to
hold
a
concert
here.
(because)
现在很多歌迷挤在音乐厅里。这是因为他们的偶像将在这里举办音乐会。
4．I
bought
the
same
book
as_you_gave_to_her.
我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。
PAGE
-
6
-Unit
2
English
around
the
world
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
1．当祈使句表示要求或命令时，变间接引语常采用tell/order/command
sb.
to
do
sth.的形式。若祈使句为否定形式，变间接引语时不定式前加not或never。
“Go
and
wash
your
face,
Tom，”
Mother
said.
→Mother
told
Tom
to
go
and
wash
his
face.
母亲叫汤姆去洗脸。
He
said
to
me,
“Don't
go
out.”
→He
ordered
me
not
to
go
out.
他命令我不要出去。
2．当祈使句表示请求时，变间接引语常采用request/beg/ask
sb.
to
do
sth.的形式。祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。
“Please
don't
come
late，”
he
said.
→He
asked
me
not
to
go
late.
他叫我不要去晚了。
“Come
here
and
sit
down,
please.”
he
said.
→He
asked
me
to
go
there
and
sit
down.
他叫我去那儿坐下。
3．有些表示建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变间接引语时，可用suggest,
insist,
offer等动词加以转述，此时要注意这些词的固定搭配。
He
said,
“Let's
go
to
the
museum.”
→He
suggested
that
we
(should)
go
to
the
museum.
他建议我们去博物馆。
4．有些疑问句并非提出询问，而是表示请求和乞求，这种疑问句变间接引语时常采用ask/beg/request
sb.to
do
sth.结构。
“Can
you
possibly
give
me
a
lift？”
he
said.
→He
asked
me
to
give
him
a
lift.
他请求我让他搭便车。
“Would/Could/Will
you
(please)
help
me
with
my
work？”
he
said.
→He
requested
me
to
help
him
with
his
work.
他请求我帮他完成工作。
[名师点津] 若疑问句表达的是“建议，劝告”等意思，则可采用advise
sb.
to
do
sth.或suggest
doing
sth.的形式。
“Why
don't
you
take
a
break
first？”
he
said.
→He
advised
me
to
take
a
break
first.
他建议我先休息会儿。
“What
about
having
a
drink？”
he
said.
→He
suggested
having
a
drink.
他建议喝一杯。
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语
1．“Speak
English
more
often
than
just
in
class，”
our
English
teacher
said
to
us.
→①Our
English
teacher
suggested_that_we_(should)_speak
_English_more_often_than_just_in_class.
→②Our
English
teacher
suggested_speaking_English_more_
often_than_just_in_class.
2．“Don't
play
with
fire,
little
boys，”
the
policeman
said.
→The
policeman
told_the_little_boys_not_to_play_with_fire.
3．Kate
said,
“Let's
discuss
the
problem
tomorrow.”
→①Kate
suggested_discussing_the_problem_the_next_day.
→②Kate
suggested_that_we_(should)_discuss_the_problem_the_next_day.
4．My
sister
said,
“You'd
better
tidy
your
room
by
yourself.”
→My
sister
advised_me_to_tidy_my_room_by_myself.
5．Li
Ming
said
to
me,
“Would
you
keep
the
secret
for
me？”
→Li
Ming
asked_me_to_keep_the_secret_for_him.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．He
said
what
a
fine
weather
it
was.
去掉a
2．She
told
the
children
not
make
so
much
noise.
not后加to
3．She
told
me
to
follow
my
instructions.
my→her
4．Jack
suggested
that
we
went
to
the
park
tomorrow.
went→go
5．“Stop
talking！”
the
monitor
told
to
the
class.
told→said或去掉to
PAGE
-
3
-Unit
2
English
around
the
world
Section
Ⅳ 写作(Writing——海报)
英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。
一、基本框架
1．标题
首先根据海报的特点及格式写明标题。
2．正文部分
不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先引出话题，其次列出原因，最后总结。对于宣传类海报，要写清楚具体内容，如：活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。
3．落款
出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行。
二、增分佳句
1．活动宣传类
(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间
①We'll
have
a
show/football
match
on
July
16th.
我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
②There
is
a
piece
of
news
that
we'll
hold
a
show/football
match
on
July
16th.
有消息说我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。
③Our
school
is
holding
an
English
party
at
seven
in
the
concert
hall
this
evening.
我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。
(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容
①The
match
will
be
wonderful.
比赛会非常精彩。
②You
can
buy
tickets
online,
and
the
price
is
2
yuan
for
each.
可以网上订票，每人两元。
③Call
Lily
at
51542636
or
email...
请致电莉莉51542636或发电子邮件……
(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣
①Please
come
and
cheer
for
them.
快来给他们加油吧。
②All
are
warmly
welcome.
热烈欢迎各位。
③Catch
the
chance,
or
you
will
regret.
抓住机会，不会后悔。
2．招聘广告类
①Would
you
like
to
be
a
volunteer?
想成为志愿者吗？
②You
are
required
to
be
able
to
speak
English.
要求会说英语。
③You
can
get
...yuan
per
day/month/year.
日薪/月薪/年薪……元。
④You
should
have
three
years
of
work
experience.
要求有三年工作经验。
⑤Please
call...if
you
want
to...
如果有意请致电……
[题目要求]
为提高我校学生的英语口语水平，我们将举办英语演讲比赛(English?speaking
contest)，请你根据下面的信息，以学生会(the
Students'
Union)的名义写一份100词左右的海报，欢迎全校同学参加，届时特邀本校美籍教师史密斯先生颁奖。
报名时间
9月30日以前(报名：sign
up)
报名地点
学生会办公室
比赛时间
10月9日晚7：00～9：00
比赛地点
学校大会议室
奖励
前8名
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为应用文(海报)；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一人称；
3．确定时态：本文使用一般将来时和一般现在时。
二、构思
第一层介绍将要举行英语演讲比赛及举行的时间、地点。
第二层介绍可参赛的人员，比赛报名的时间、地点。
第三层介绍比赛的颁奖人及奖励情况。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．improve_spoken_English
提高英语口语
2．have_an_English?speaking_contest
举行英语演讲比赛
3．take_part_in
参加
4．sign_up
报名
5．the_Students'_Union
学生会
6．sb._is_welcome_to_do_sth.
欢迎某人做某事
7．be_invited_to_do_sth.
被邀请做某事
8．be_awarded_by
由……颁奖
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我们想提高我们的英语口语。(want
to
do
sth.)
We_want_to_improve_our_spoken_English.
2．我们要举行全校英语演讲比赛。(一般将来时)
We_are_going_to_have_an_English?speaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school.
3．比赛将于十月九日晚七点至九点在学校大会议室举行。(一般将来时的被动语态)
The
contest
will
be
held
from
7：00
pm
to
9：00
pm
on
Oct.
9
in
our
school
meeting
hall.
4．想参加比赛的学生在九月三十日之前到学生会办公室报名。(定语从句)
The_students_who_want_to_take_part_in_the_contest_should_come_to_sign_up_at_the_office_of_the_Students'_Union_before_Sept._30.
5．将邀请本校教师史密斯先生出席比赛。(一般将来时的被动语态)
Mr_Smith_who_works_in_our_school_will_be_invited_to_attend_the_contest.
6．史密斯先生将给前八名胜出者颁奖。(主谓宾结构)
Mr_Smith_will_award_the_first_eight_winners.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用in
order
to
do
sth.作目的状语连接句1和句2
In_order_to_improve_our_spoken_English,_we_are_going_to_have_an_English?speaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school.
2．将句6变为被动语态
The_first_eight_winners_will_be_awarded_by_Mr_Smith.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
English?speaking
Contest
In_order_to_improve_our_spoken_English,_we_are_going_to_have_an_English?speaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school._It_will_be_held_from_7：00_pm_to_9：00_pm_on_Oct._9_in_our_school
_meeting_hall._The_students_who_want_to_take_part_in_the_contest_should_come_to_sign_up_at_the_office_of_the_Students'_Union_before_Sept._30._All_the_students_are_welcome_to_attend_it._At_the_appointed_time,_Mr_Smith_who_works_in_our_school_will_be_invited_to_attend_the_contest,_and_the_first_eight_winners_will_be_awarded_by_Mr_Smith.
The_Students'_Union
Sept._10
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
2
English
around
the
world
Section
Ⅴ 单元要点复习
?重点单词
1．official
adj.官方的；正式的；公务的n.官员
2．native
adj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人
3．actually
adv.实际上；事实上
4．command
n．&vt.命令；指令；掌握
5．request
n．&vt.请求；要求
6．accent
n．口音；腔调；重音
7．straight
adv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
8．base
vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic
adj.基本的；基础的→basis
n．基础；基本原则
9．gradual
adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually
adv.逐渐地；逐步地
10．latter
adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest
adj.最新的；最近的→later
adv.后来adj.后期的→lately
adv.近来；最近
11．identity
n．本身；本体；身份→identify
vt.认出；鉴定
12．fluent
adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently
adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency
n．流利；流畅
13．frequent
adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently
adv.常常；频繁地
14．expression
n．词语；表示；表达→express
vt.表达
15．recognize
vt.辨认出，承认；公认→recognition
n．认出；认识
?重点短语
1．because_of
因为；由于
2．come_up
走近；上来；提出
3．at_present
现在；目前
4．make_use_of
利用；使用
5．such_as
例如……；像这种的
6．play_a_part_(in)
扮演一个角色；参与
7．even_if
即使
8．be_based_on
以……为基础
9．believe_it_or_not
信不信由你
10．more_than
超过；非常；不只是，不仅是
?重点句式
1．Today,
more
people
speak
English
as
their
first,
second
or
a
foreign
language
than
ever
before.
如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
2．Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even_if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
3．Actually
all
languages
change
and
develop
when
cultures
meet
and
communicate_with
each
other.
事实上，当不同文化互相交流和渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。
4.
It_was_based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
5．Believe
it
or
not,
there
is
no_such_thing
as
standard
English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
?单元语法
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)
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