Unit
4 Earthquakes
Earthquake
How
does
an
earthquake
start?
What
makes
an
earthquake
happen?
The
rock
of
the
earth's
crust
(地壳)
may
have
a
fault,
a
kind
of
break
in
the
surface.
The
blocks
which
make
up
the
earth
move,
and
sometimes
this
may
cause
the
sides
of
the
fault
to
move
up
and
down
or
lengthways
(纵向地)
against
each
other.
When
one
piece
of
rock
starts
to
rub
on
another
with
great
force,
a
lot
of
energy
is
used.
This
energy
is
changed
into
vibrations
(振动)
and
it
is
these
vibrations
that
we
feel
as
an
earthquake.
The
vibrations
can
travel
thousands
of
kilometres
and
so
an
earthquake
in
Turkey
may
be
felt
in
Greece.
What
should
we
do
during
an
earthquake?
●At
school
As
soon
as
the
earthquake
starts,
students
should
get
under
the
desks
immediately
and
wait
until
the
teacher
tells
them
it
is
safe
to
come
out.
The
teacher
should,
at
the
same
time,
go
immediately
to
the
teacher's
desk,
get
underneath
it
and
stay
there
till
the
danger
is
over.
Students
must
not
argue
with
the
teacher
or
question
instructions.
As
soon
as
the
tremors
(震动)
stop,
all
students
should
walk
towards
the
exit
and
go
straight
to
the
school
playground
or
any
open
space
such
as
a
square
or
a
park.
They
must
wait
there
until
the
teacher
tells
them
it
is
safe
to
go.
●At
home
If
you
are
at
home
when
the
earthquake
occurs,
get
immediately
under
the
table
in
the
living
room
or
kitchen.
Choose
the
biggest
and
strongest
table
you
can
find.
You
must
not
go
anywhere
near
the
window
and
don't
go
out
onto
the
balcony
(阳台).
Once
the
tremors
have
stopped,
you
can
come
out
from
under
the
table
but
you
must
leave
the
building
straight
away.
You
should
walk
down
the
stairs
and
should
not
use
the
lift
—
there
may
be
a
power
cut
as
a
result
of
the
earthquake
and
you
could
find
yourself
trapped
inside
the
lift
for
hours.
●In
the
street
If
you
are
in
the
street
when
the
earthquake
takes
place,
do
not
stand
near
buildings,
fences
or
walls
—
move
away
as
quickly
as
possible
and
try
to
find
a
large
open
space
to
wait
in.
Standing
under
trees
could
also
be
dangerous.
Task:
Which
of
the
following
is
true
(T)
or
false
(F)?
1．As
soon
as
an
earthquake
occurs,
students
should
leave
the
building.( F )
2．Students
should
go
to
the
school
playground
or
an
open
space
once
the
tremors
stop.( T )
3．If
you
are
at
home
when
an
earthquake
occurs,
stand
near
a
big
table.( F )
4．The
best
way
to
leave
the
building
during
an
earthquake
is
to
get
into
a
lift.( F )
5．If
you
are
in
the
street
when
an
earthquake
occurs,
stay
in
a
large
open
space.( T )
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．burst
vi.
爆裂；爆发；n.
突然破裂；爆发
2．ruin
n.
废墟；毁灭；vt.
毁灭；使破产
3．suffering
n.
苦难；痛苦
suffer
v.
遭受；忍受；经历
4．extreme
adj.
极度的
extremely
adv.
极度地；非常
5．injure
vt.
损害；伤害
injury
n.
伤害
6．destroy
vt.
毁坏；破坏；消灭
7．useless
adj.
无用的；无效的；无益的
useful
adj.
有用的
8．shock
vt.&vi.
(使)震惊；震动；n.
休克；震惊；打击
shocked
adj.震惊的
9．rescue
n．&vt.
援救；营救
10．trap
vt.
使陷入困境；n.
陷阱；困境
11．bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
12．shelter
n.
掩蔽处；避身处；掩蔽
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．right_away
立刻；马上
2．think_little_of
不在意，看轻
3．at_an_end
结束；终结
4．in_ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig_out
掘出；发现
6．a_(great)_number_of
许多；大量的
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．too...to...太……而不能……
In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too_nervous_to_eat.
农家宅院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
2．as
if引导表语从句
It
seemed
as_if_the_world_was_at_an_end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
3．all...not...并不是所有的
All
hope
was
not
lost.
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
课文预读
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．Before
July
28,1976,
strange
things
happened
in
the
countryside
of
northwest
Hebei.( F )
2．When
the
earthquake
happened
in
Hebei,
one?third
of
the
nation
could
feel
it.( T )
3．The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
injured
reached
more
than
4,000,000.( F )
4．Another
big
quake
shook
Tangshan
while
rescue
workers
and
doctors
were
saving
the
people
trapped.( T )
5．Animals
like
cows,
pigs
and
chickens
as
well
as
people
suffered
a
lot
in
the
earthquake.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．How
long
did
the
earthquake
last?
A．15
minutes.
B．42
minutes.
C．15
seconds.
D．42
seconds.
答案：C
2．Which
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．People
in
Beijing
felt
the
earthquake.
B．People
of
Tangshan
cared
much
about
the
strange
events
before
the
earthquake.
C．If
the
earthquake
had
happened
during
the
daytime,
it
wouldn't
have
caused
so
many
deaths.
D．Many
soldiers
helped
to
rescue
the
people
who
were
trapped
under
the
ruins.
答案：B
3．Fresh
water
was
taken
to
the
city
by
train,
truck
and
plane,
because
________.
A．the
water
pipes
cracked
and
burst
B．there
was
no
electricity
C．dams
and
wells
were
useless
D．the
well
walls
had
deep
cracks
in
them
答案：C
4．Which
of
the
following
can
also
be
used
as
a
title
of
the
passage?
A．Tangshan
Earthquake
B．The
World
at
an
End
C．How
to
Prevent
an
Earthquake
D．New
Tangshan
答案：A
5．What
does
the
last
sentence
“Slowly,
the
city
began
to
breathe
again.”
mean?
A．People
who
were
trapped
came
to
life.
B．The
trees
turned
green.
C．The
animals
began
to
breathe.
D．The
city
returned
to
normal
gradually.
答案：D
6．Many
strange
things
happened
in
the
countryside
EXCEPT
that
________.
A．the
well
walls
had
deep
cracks
in
them
B．some
animals
were
too
nervous
to
eat
C．fish
jumped
out
of
bowls
and
ponds
D．birds
flew
higher
than
usual
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．But
the
one
million
people
of
the
city,
who
thought
little
of
these
events,
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night.
[句式分析] 此句的主干为But
the
one
million
people
of
the
city
were
asleep。who
thought
little
of
these
events为非限制性定语从句，修饰one
million
people;
as
usual为方式状语；that
night为时间状语。
[自主翻译] 但是这座城市的一百万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，那天晚上照常睡着了。
2．Then,
later
that
afternoon,
another
big
quake
which
was
almost
as
strong
as
the
first
one
shook
Tangshan.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句，which引导的定语从句修饰another_big_quake。
[自主翻译] 接着，在下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次一样的地震又一次在唐山爆发了。
1
(教材P26)In
the
city,
the
water
pipes
in
some
buildings
cracked
and
burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
突然哭起来/笑起来
burst
with
anger/joy
勃然大怒/乐不可支
burst
in/into
闯进；突然破门而入
(2)a
burst
of
(突然的)一阵
[巧学助记]
[温馨提示] burst
into与burst
out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但burst
into后面接名词，burst
out后面接动名词。
[即学即用]
(1)On
hearing
the
funny
joke,
everyone
present
burst
into
laughter/out
laughing.
一听到这个有趣的笑话，在场的每一个人都突然笑了起来。
(2)Frightened
were
the
villagers
to
see
that
the
river
would
burst
its
bank
and
flood
their
home.
村民们看到河水将要漫过堤岸淹没他们的家园时吓坏了。
(3)His
appearance
on
the
platform
was
greeted
with
a
burst
of
applause.
他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。
(4)Between
astonishment
and
joy,
she
couldn't
help
bursting_into_tears/out_crying.
她惊喜交加，禁不住放声大哭起来。
(5)用适当的介词填空
①It's
been
dry
for
so
long
that
the
forest
could
burst
into
flames
at
any
moment.
②He
almost
burst
with
pride
when
his
son
John
began
to
excel
at
football.
③He
burst
into
the
room
without
knocking
at
the
door.
④One
minute
she
burst
into
tears,
and
the
next
she
burst
out
laughing.
We
just
couldn't
catch
her
mood
at
any
moment.
2
(教材P26)In
fifteen
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就淹没在一片废墟之中。
(1)be/lie
in
ruins 成为废墟；毁坏；毁灭
fall
into
ruin
成为废墟；衰落
(2)ruin
oneself
自取灭亡
ruin
one's
health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
[巧学助记]
[易混辨析]
ruin,
destroy,
damage
[即学即用]
(1)You
can't
change
the
past,
but
you
can
ruin
the
present
by
worrying
about
the
future.
你改变不了昨天，但如果你过于忧虑明天，将会毁了今天。
(2)The
ancient
temple
has
fallen
into
ruin
and
needs
repairing.
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
(3)It
is
a
pity
that
many
a
famous
pop
star
has
been
ruined
by
drugs.
令人遗憾的是，很多著名的流行音乐明星被毒品毁了。
(4)The
party,
which
had
been
greatly
looked
forward
to,
was_ruined
by
the
rude
behaviour
of
an
uninvited
guest.
那位不速之客举止粗野，破坏了大家热切盼望的聚会。
(5)用ruin,
destroy,
damage的正确形式填空
①The
car
was
not
damaged
badly
in
the
accident,
but
five
people
were
seriously
hurt.
②She
had
no
choice
but
to
leave
him.
She
could
not
let
him
ruin
her
whole
life.
③The
Nazi
wanted
to
destroy
people's
hopes,
but
in
the
end
what
was
destroyed
was
the
Nazi's
dream
by
the
power
of
people.
3
(教材P26)Two?thirds
of
them
died
or
were
injured
during
the
earthquake.
他们当中有三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。
(1)injure
one's
pride 伤了某人的自尊
be
injured
in
the
accident
在事故中受伤
(2)injury
n.
损伤，伤害，挫伤
(3)injured
adj.
受伤的；受委屈的
the
injured
伤员
[易混辨析]
injure,
hurt,
wound
[即学即用]
(1)While
crossing
the
road,
an
old
man
was
knocked
down
by
a
car
and
badly
injured.
过马路时，一位老人被汽车撞倒且受伤严重。
(2)Believe
it
or
not,
what
you
said
just
now
injured
her
pride.
信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了她的自尊心。
(3)He
was
saved
from
serious
injury,
thanks
to
that
brilliant
doctor.
他重伤后得救，多亏了那位医术高明的医生。
(4)Rescuers
said
the
injured
were_taken
(take)
to
a
nearby
hospital,
and
fortunately
the
injury
was
not
serious.
救援人员称，伤者被送往附近的医院治疗，幸运的是伤势都不严重。
(5)用injure,
hurt,
wound的正确形式填空
①The
only
survivor
in
the
plane
crash
was
badly
injured
but
the
doctors
said
he
would
pull
through.
②I
was
deeply
hurt
by
the
way
she
just
ignored
me.
③He
had
once
been
a
soldier.
Sadly,
he
was
wounded
in
a
war
and
was
crippled(跛腿的)．
4
(教材P26)People
were
shocked.
人们惊呆了。
(1)be
a
shock
to... 使……吃惊
(2)shocked
adj.
震惊的；惊讶的
shocking
adj.
令人震惊的
be
shocked
at/by
对……吃惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.
做某事很吃惊
It
shocked
sb.
to
see/hear...
看到/听到……使某人震惊
[即学即用]
(1)It
was
such
a
shock
to
hear
that
you
were
in
an
accident.
How
did
it
happen?
听到你出了意外，真是很震惊。它是怎么发生的？
(2)Mr
Adams
was
greatly
shocked
to
see
his
13?year?old
son
stealing
money
from
his
wallet.
＝It
shocked
Mr
Adams
greatly
to
see
his
13?year?old
son
stealing
money
from
his
wallet.
亚当斯先生发现他13岁的儿子正从他的钱包里偷钱时大为震惊。
(3)I
was
so
shocked
by
what
she
said
that
I
couldn't
believe
my
ears.
她所讲的情况使我深感震惊，我真不敢相信自己的耳朵。
(4)The
ending
of
the
film
was
so
shocking
that
everyone
was
very
shocked
at
it.
这部影片的结局如此令人震惊，以至于每个人都感到非常惊讶。
(5)What_shocked_us/made_us_shocked
is
the
fact
that
this
little
girl
never
thought
to
ask
grown?ups
for
help
when
she
was
in
trouble.
使我们吃惊的是，在这个小女孩遇到麻烦时，她从未想过向大人求助。
5
(教材P26)Some
of
the
rescue
workers
and
doctors
were
trapped
under
the
ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。
(1)trap
sb.
into
(doing)
sth. 诱使某人(做)某事
be
trapped
in
困在……中；陷在……中
(2)set
traps
to
do
sth.
设置陷阱做某事
fall
into
a
trap/be
caught
in
a
trap
掉入陷阱；落入圈套
[即学即用]
(1)By
the
time
he
realizes
he
has
fallen
into
a
trap,
it'll
be
too
late
for
him
to
do
anything
about
it.
到他意识到已经落入圈套的时候，对于他来说做任何事情都为时已晚了。
(2)Some
travellers
are
still
trapped
in
the
heavy
snow,
though
most
are
reported
to
have
been
rescued
by
the
police.
一些旅客仍被困在大雪中，虽然据报道大部分已被警方救出。
(3)By
clever
questioning
they
trapped
him
into
making
a
confession.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
(4)Think
carefully
before
you
answer
his
questions.
You
may
be_trapped
into
giving
away
important
information.
回答他的提问前要仔细思考。你可能会中他的圈套，把机密泄露出去。
(5)Until
he
saw
the
trapped
villagers,
he
did
not
realize
the
seriousness
of
the
floods.
直到他看到受困的村民，他才意识到洪水的严重性。
6
(教材P26)The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
军人组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
(1)bury
oneself
in
sth.
专心致志于某事
bury
oneself
in
study
埋头研究；专心学习
(2)be
buried
in
thought
沉思
be
buried
in
埋头于，专心于
(3)bury
one's
face
in
one's
hands
双手掩面
[即学即用]
(1)The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
bench
in
the
park,
burying
herself/buried
in
the
book
in
her
hands.
女孩坐在公园的长凳上，埋头读着手里的那本书。
(2)He
buried
himself
in
the
work
so
as
to
get
over
from
the
pain
of
losing
his
parents.
他埋头工作为的是要从失去双亲的痛苦中恢复过来。
(3)I
was
looking
for
my
handbag,
which_was_buried
under
a
pile
of
old
newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
(4)Suddenly
she
began
to
cry,
burying
her
head
under
the
book
so
that
I
couldn't
see.
她突然开始哭起来，把头埋在书里，不让我看见。
(5)He
stood
on
the
sidewalk
with
his
hands
buried
in
the
pockets
of
his
dark
overcoat.
他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色长大衣的口袋里。
1
(教材P25)Imagine
your
home
begins
to
shake
and
you
must
leave
it
right
away.
想象你家开始震动，你必须马上离开。
right
now 现在；马上
at
once
马上；立刻
in
no
time
马上；立刻
[即学即用]
①I'll
return
the
book
to
you
right
now.
我会马上把书还给你。
②If
anything
happens
to
him,
let
me
know
at_once.
如果他发生什么事，请立刻通知我。
2
(教材P26)It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
come
to
an
end 结束
(使)结束；终结
[即学即用]
①The
meeting
was
nearly
at
an
end
when
I
got
to
the
meeting
room.
当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②They
decided
to
put
an
end
to
the
quarrel.
＝They
decided
to
bring
the
quarrel
to
an
end.
他们决定结束争吵。
③Without
water,
life
would
come
to
an
end.
没有水，生命就会完结。
3
(教材P27)Such
a
great
number
of
people
died
because
the
quake
happened
while
they
were
sleeping.
由于地震发生时人们都在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。
a
(great)
number
of/a
good/great
many
许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数)
a
great
deal/amount
of
大量(后跟不可数名词)
a
lot
of/plenty
of/a
quantity
of
许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词)
[即学即用]
①A
large
amount
of
money
is
(be)
spent
on
advertisements
every
year.
每年都要在广告上花费大量金钱。
②I've
known
her
for
a
great
many
years.
我认识她好多好多年了。
[易混辨析]
a
number
of/the
number
of
[即学即用]
选用以上短语填空
③The_number_of
cars
on
expressways
is
rising
because
of
free
passage
during
holidays.
④A_number_of
buildings
fell
into
ruin
after
the
earthquake.
as
if＝as
though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
②如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
①Look
at
the
clouds
in
the
sky!
It
looks
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.
看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
②He
treats
me
as
if
I
were
(be)
his
own
daughter.
他待我就像待他的亲生女儿一样。
③They
talked
as
if/though
they
had_been
(be)
friends
for
years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。
该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not
all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
当not与all，
both，
everyone，
everybody，
everything以及“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
①Every
boy
is
not
interested
in
sports.
＝Not
every
boy
is
interested
in
sports.
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
②As
far
as
I
know,
not
both
of
them
smoke.
＝As
far
as
I
know,
both_of_them_don't_smoke.
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。
[名师点津] 当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no,
none,
nobody,
nothing,
no
one,
neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。
③None
of
us
was
allowed
to
go
there.
我们全都不被允许去那里。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
was_trapped
(trap)
in
the
traffic
jam
and
felt
helpless.
2．It
was
a
shocking
story,
and
we
all
got
shocked.
(shock)
3.
Burying
(bury)
himself
in
the
newspaper,
he
didn't
notice
what
was
happening.
4．Years
of
fighting
have
left
the
city
in
ruins
(ruin);
it
would
take
a
lot
of
money
to
rebuild
it.
5．Five
passengers
were_injured
(injure)
in
the
traffic
accident
and
they
have
all
been
taken
to
the
nearest
hospital.
6．The
boy
walked
in
as
if
he
had_bought
(buy)
the
whole
school.
7．The
firefighters
came
here
right
away
to_rescue
(rescue)
those
trapped
in
the
burning
building.
8．I
must
warn
you
that
my
patience
is
almost
at
an
end.
9．A
number
of
teachers
are
present
today;
the
number
of
whom
is
300.
(be)
10．He
is
ill.
You
should
call
in
a
doctor
right
away.
Ⅱ.一句多译
1．并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。
①Not_everyone_is_fond_of_cycling
to
work.
②Everyone_isn't_fond_of_cycling
to
work.
2．他们如此感动以至于大哭起来。(burst)
①They
were
so
moved
that
they_burst_into_tears.
②They
were
so
moved
that
they_burst_out_crying.
3．他埋头于工作，不知道何时下起了雨。(bury)
①Buried
(bury)
in
his
work,
he
didn't
know
when
it
began
to
rain.
②Burying
(bury)
himself
in
his
work,
he
didn't
know
when
it
began
to
rain.
③He
was_buried_in_his_work,_and
he
didn't
know
when
it
began
to
rain.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
Earthquakes
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．damage
n．&vt.
损失；损害
2．frighten
vt.
使惊吓；受吓唬
frightened
adj.受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening
adj.
令人恐惧的
3．congratulation
n.
祝贺；(pl.)贺词
congratulate
v.
祝贺
4．judge
n.
裁判员；法官；vt.
断定；判断；判决
judgement
n.
判断
5．sincerely
adv.
真诚地；真挚地
sincere
adj.
真诚的
6．express
vt.
表达；表示；n.
快车；速递
expression
n.
词语；表示；表达；表情
7．outline
n.
要点；大纲；轮廓
8．headline
n.
报刊的大字标题
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．wake
up
唤醒；醒来
2．give/make
a
speech
发表演说
3．be
proud
of
为……而自豪，以……为荣
4．compare...with
和……相比，和……比起来
5．be
known
as
作为……而出名
6．raise/collect
money
for
为……筹钱
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句
Your
speech
was
heard
by
a
group
of
five
judges,
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为那是今年最佳演讲。
2．as引导非限制性定语从句
As
you
know,
this
is
the
day
the
quake
happened...years
ago.
正如你所知道的，……年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
3．be
doing...when...正在做……这时……
The
man
was
sleeping
(sleep)
downstairs
when
the
earthquake
happened.
这个人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。
4．过去分词短语作定语
From
July
5
to
28,
a
team
of
cyclists
known
(know)
as
Bikers
for
Disaster?Hit
Areas
will
ride
their
bikes
1,888
km
from
Lijiang,
Yunnan
Province,
to
Lhasa,
Tibet.
从7月5日至28日，一队被称为“助灾车队”的自行车手，即将骑自行车从云南丽江出发，骑行1
888公里，到达西藏拉萨。
课文预读
Office
of
the
City
Government
Tangshan,
Hebei
China
July
5,200
Dear
，
Congratulations①！
We
are
pleased
to②
tell
you
that
you
have
won
the
high
school
speaking
competition
about
new
Tangshan.
Your
speech
was
heard
by
a
group
of
five
judges③，
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year④.
Your
parents
and
your
school
should
be
very
proud
of⑤
you!
Next
month
the
city
will
open
a
new
park
to
honour⑥
those
who
died
in
the
terrible
disaster⑦.
The
park
will
also
honour
those
who
helped
the
survivors.
Our
office
would
like
to⑧
have
you
speak⑨
to
the
park
visitors
on
July
28
at
11：00
am.
As
you
know⑩，
this
is
the
day
the
quake
happened
thirty?
years
ago.
We
invite
you
to
bring
your
family?
and
friends
on
that
special
day.
Sincerely?，
Zhang
Sha
①congratulation
[k?n?ɡr?t???leI?n]
n.
祝贺；(复数)贺词
②be
pleased
to
do
sth.乐于做某事
③judge
[d??d?]
n.
裁判员；法官vt.
断定；判断；判决
judging
from/by
从……判断，常用作状语。
④all
of
whom
引导的定语从句修饰judges。
⑤be
proud
of
为……感到自豪；因……而骄傲
take
pride
in
因……感到自豪
⑥honour
vt.
尊重；尊敬n.
荣誉；光荣
⑦who
died
in
the
terrible
disaster是who引导的定语从句，修饰those。
⑧would
like
to
do
sth.
愿意做某事
⑨have
sb.
do
sth.
让某人做某事
⑩as
you
know是as引导的非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。
?family在这里指“家人”。
?sincerely
[sIn?sI?lI]
adv.
真诚地；真挚地
[上方书信译文]
中国河北
唐山市政府办公室
200 年7月5日,亲爱的
：,祝贺你！我们很高兴告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为那是今年最好的演讲。你的父母和你的学校都应为你骄傲！
下个月我市将开放一个新的公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十
年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你和家人、朋友一起来。
诚挚的，
张沙
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1．This
is
a
letter
of
congratulation.( F )
2．A
high
school
student
will
be
invited
to
give
a
speech
in
a
newly?opened
park.( T )
3．On
July
28,1976,
a
terrible
earthquake
hit
Tangshan.( T )
4．Only
the
high
school
student
was
invited
on
that
special
day.( F )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What's
the
speaking
competition
about?
A．The
earthquake
which
happened
in
Tangshan.
B．The
old
Tangshan.
C．The
new
Tangshan.
D．The
new
China.
答案：C
2．Why
will
the
city
open
a
new
park?
A．To
honour
those
who
died
and
those
who
helped
the
survivors
in
the
disaster.
B．To
honour
the
students
who
have
won
the
speaking
competition.
C．To
show
respect
to
the
heroes
who
died
for
the
new
Tangshan.
D．To
show
respect
to
the
people
who
worked
for
the
new
Tangshan.
答案：A
3．When
did
the
terrible
earthquake
happen
in
Tangshan?
A．On
August
26,1976.
B．On
August
27,1976.
C．On
July
27,1976.
D．On
July
28,1976.
答案：D
4．If
you
are
the
student
who
has
won
the
competition,
who
can
you
bring
to
the
park?
A．My
family.
B．My
friends.
C．My
family
and
teachers.
D．My
family
and
friends.
答案：D
5．The
student
is
invited
to
.
A．take
part
in
the
high
school
speaking
competition
about
new
Tangshan
B．give
a
speech
to
the
park
visitors
on
July
28
C．help
to
prepare
for
the
opening
of
the
new
park
D．visit
the
new
park
just
as
a
guest
答案：B
1
do/cause
damage
to 给……带来/造成毁坏
be
badly
damaged
遭受严重损害
damage
one's
health
损害某人的健康
[即学即用]
(1)Eating
too
much
meat
at
one
time
will
cause
damage
to
your
stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
(2)When
his
home
was
badly
damaged
in
the
storm
many
soldiers
came
forward
to
help
him
repair
it.
当他家房子在暴风雨中遭到严重损坏时，许多战士主动来帮助他维修。
(3)This
lock
is
damaged.
This
door
will
never
open!
这把锁坏了。门打不开了！
(4)A
number
of
damaged
houses
and
roads
in
the
earthquake
have
been
repaired
up
to
now.
截至目前，许多在地震中受损的房子和公路已经修好了。
(5)A
number
of
typhoons
have
caused
great
damage
to
parts
of
Asia
in
recent
years.
亚洲部分地区在近几年众多台风的摧残下遭受了巨大的损害。
2
(教材P28)It
was
a
frightening
night.
那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。
(1)frighten
vt.
使惊吓，吓唬
frighten
sb.into
sth./doing
sth.
把某人吓得做某事
(2)frightened
adj.
害怕的
be
frightened
of
sth./to
do
sth.
害怕某事/做某事
be
frightened
at/by...
因……害怕
[即学即用]
(1)The
frightening
news
made
all
of
them
frightened
to
death.
那个令人恐惧的消息使他们都害怕得要命。
(2)The
little
boy
was
frightened
of
his
father,
as
he
always
pulled
a
long
face
in
front
of
him.
小男孩很怕他的爸爸，因为他爸爸总是在他面前板着脸。
(3)His
wife
was
frightened
by
his
words
and
she
spent
the
night
awake
and
alone.
他的妻子被他的言词吓坏了。那个晚上，她孤枕难眠。
(4)It
was
such
a
frightening
snake
that
no
one
dared
get
close
to
it.
这条蛇很吓人，以至于无人敢接近它。
(5)What
frightened
me
most
was
that
I
knew
that
this
wasn't
a
made?up
story;
it
had
really
happened
to
members
of
my
family.
最让我害怕的是我知道这不是虚构的故事，它真真切切地发生在我的家人身上。
3
(教材P30)Congratulations!
We
are
pleased
to
tell
you
that...
祝贺你！我们很高兴告诉你……
(1)offer/send
one's
congratulations
to
sb.
向某人致以祝贺
congratulations
to
sb.
on
sth.
祝贺某人某事
a
letter
of
congratulation
贺信
(2)congratulate
v.
祝贺，向……致祝词
congratulate
sb.
on/upon
sth./doing
sth.
就……向某人道贺
[易混辨析]
congratulate/celebrate
congratulate
表示“祝贺”，后接表示人的名词或代词，用于congratulate
sb.on
(doing)
sth.结构
celebrate
表示“庆祝，庆贺”，常指庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或时刻，可直接跟表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词或代词作宾语
[即学即用]
(1)We
sent
our
congratulations
to
her
when
she
passed
the
exam.
当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。
(2)I
presented
her
a
flower
vase
as
congratulation
on
her
birthday.
她生日那天，我送了她一只花瓶以示祝贺。
(3)I
had
hoped
to
send
him
a
telegram
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage
but
I
didn't
manage
it.
我本想给他发个电报对他表示新婚祝贺，但是我没有办到。
(4)Mother
sent
daughter
a
short
message,
congratulating
her
on
being
elected
(elect)
monitor
again.
母亲给女儿发来短信，祝贺她再次当选班长。
(5)用congratulate,
celebrate的正确形式填空
①I
congratulate
you
on
the
birth
of
your
daughter.
②He
held
a
dance
party
to
celebrate
his
daughter's
birthday.
4
(教材P30)Your
speech
was
heard
by
a
group
of
five
judges,
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为那是今年最好的演讲。
(1)judge
sb./sth.(to
be)＋n./adj.
判断……是……
judge
sb./sth.from/by...
从……来判断
judge
between
right
and
wrong
判断是非
as
far
as
I
can
judge
据我判断，我认为
judging
from/by...
根据……判断
(2)judgement
n.
审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价
in
my
judgement
据我判断，我认为
[温馨提示] judging
from/by...置于句首作状语。v.?ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally
speaking一般来说；frankly
speaking坦白说；considering...考虑到……。
[即学即用]
(1)He
stood
emotionless
as
he
heard
the
judge
pass
sentence.
他面无表情地站在那里，听法官宣布判决。
(2)Like
it
or
not,
you
will
be
judged
by
your
personal
appearance.
无论你是否喜欢，别人都会通过你的个人形象来判断你。
(3)In
my
judgement,
it
is
necessary
to
pay
him
a
visit.
在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。
(4)As
far
as
I
can
judge,
it
is
he
rather
than
you
is
to
blame.
据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。
(5)Judging
from
his
puzzled
expression,
I
realized
he
knew
nothing
about
the
accident.
从他迷惑不解的表情判断，我意识到他对这次事故一无所知。
(教材P28)gas
that
hot
water
gives
out
热水散发出的气味
[即学即用]
[一词多义] 写出下列句中give
out的含义
①I
saw
a
man
giving
out
handbills
in
the
street.
分发
②After
a
month
their
food
supplies
gave
out.
用尽
③The
results
of
the
examination
won't
be
given
out.
公布
1
As
you
know,
this
is
the
day
the
quake
happened...
你知道……这一天正是发生地震的日子。
(1)as
you
know为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
(2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。as意为“正如”，其后的谓语动词多是see,
know,
expect,
say,
report等。
①As
is
known
to
us,
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②He
was
late
for
class,
as
is
often
the
case.
他上课迟到了，他经常这样。
③The
air
quality
in
the
city,
as
is
shown
in
the
report,
has
improved
over
the
past
two
months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
be
doing
sth.
when...正在做某事这时(突然)……。when为并列连词，相当于and
just
at
that
time。
be
about
to
do...when... 正要做……这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...
正要做……这时……
had
just
done...when...
刚刚做完……这时……
①I
was
walking
along
the
street
when
I
heard
my
name
called.
我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
②We
were
about
to
start
when
it
began
to
rain.
我们正要动身，这时突然下起雨来。
③I
was
on
the
point
of
telephoning
him
when
his
letter
arrived.
我正要给他打电话，这时他的信到了。
④I
had
just
finished
my
test
paper
when
the
bell
rang,
announcing
the
exam
was
over.
我刚完成试卷这时宣告考试结束的铃声响了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
was
watching
(watch)
TV
when
the
electricity
was
cut
off.
2．Judging
(judge)
from
his
accent,
he
is
from
Shanghai.
3．Teenagers
are
damaging
(damage)
their
health
because
they
play
computer
games
too
much.
4．At
the
sight
of
the
frightening
scene,
he
was
almost
frightened
to
death.
(frighten)
5．He
expressed
his
thanks
to
us
last
Friday,
with
a
thankful
expression
on
his
face.
(express)
6．He
sent
me
an
e?mail
of
congratulation,
congratulating
me
on
the
good
result
I
gained.
(congratulate)
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．As
is
known
to
all/As
we
all
know,
the
West
Lake
is
famous
for
its
beauty.
众所周知，西湖以其美而闻名。
2．As
was
expected,
he
won
the
gold
medal
in
the
competition.
正如所预料的那样，他在比赛中赢得了金牌。
3．John
was
studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
someone
screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到有人尖叫。
4．①We
were
about
to
leave
when
a
big
noise
came
from
the
next
room.
(about)
②We
were
on
the
point
of
leaving
when
a
big
noise
came
from
the
next
room.
(point)
我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。
PAGE
-
5
-Unit
4
Earthquakes
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅰ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
一、基本概念
1．在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．定语从句由关系代词which,
that,
who,
whom,
whose,
as或关系副词when,
where,
why引导。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，它在意义上指代先行词，在语法上作定语从句的某个成分。
3．定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要，可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。
二、关系代词的用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here
comes
the
girl
who
wants
to
see
you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose
is
the
person
(whom/who)
you
should
look
after.
罗丝是你应该照顾的人。
3．whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
whose＝the＋n.＋of
which/whom。
I
know
the
man
whose
company
produces
computers.
我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
China
is
a
country
which
has
a
long
history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。that可以代替who,
whom,
which，但习惯上常用who,
whom指人，用which指物。
The
woman
that
spoke
to
me
in
the
bookstore
used
to
live
next
door.
在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。
6．as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the
same...as...,
such...as...,
as...as...,
so...as...等结构中，as不能省略，此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。
I
want
to
have
such
a
computer
as
he
has.
我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。
As
we
all
know,
China
has
a
large
population.
众所周知，中国人口众多。
三、定语从句中需注意的事项
1．只用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all,
much,
anything,
everything,
nothing,
little,
none等不定代词时。
She
told
me
everything
that
she
knew.
她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。
(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
The
first
place
that
they
visited
in
Guilin
was
Elephant
Trunk
Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
right,
the
last等修饰时。
This
is
the
very
book
that
I
left
on
the
playground
last
week.
这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
He
talked
happily
of
the
things
and
persons
that
he
remembered
studying
in
the
school.
他高兴地谈论着所记得的在这所学校上学时的人和事。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which
is
the
true
story
that
he
told
us?
他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？
(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
He
isn't
the
boy
that
he
was.
他不再是过去的那个男孩了。
2．关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。
【误】The
film
(that/which)
we
saw
it
last
night
is
very
moving.
【正】The
film
(that/which)
we
saw
last
night
is
very
moving.
3．关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)可省略。
Is
that
the
girl
(whom/that/who)
you
spoke
of
the
other
day?
那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？
4．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
knows
French.
(the
only
one为先行词)
他是唯一一个懂法语的学生。
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
know
French.
(students为先行词)
他是懂法语的学生之一。
Ⅰ.选词填空(who/whom/which/that/whose)
1．Do
you
still
remember
the
chicken
farm
that/which
we
visited
three
months
ago?
2．Some
countries
whose
names
I
had
never
heard
of
before
were
shown
on
the
map.
3．Anyone
who/that
failed
to
come
to
the
meeting
yesterday
must
give
his
reason.
4．All
that
we
need
is
enough
rest
after
long
hours'
work.
5．On
the
train
I
saw
a
girl
who/that
I
thought
was
your
sister.
6．Have
you
seen
the
film
Titanic
whose
leading
actor
is
world?famous?
7．This
is
the
best
film
that
has
been
shown
so
far
in
the
city.
8．The
pen
that/which
he
bought
yesterday
is
the
same
as
mine.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．The
room
which
windows
face
to
the
north
is
mine.
which→whose
2．Children
eat
a
lot
of
sugar
often
have
bad
teeth.
在eat前加who或that
3．This
is
the
only
one
of
the
rooms
that
are
free
now.
are→is
4．The
story
that
you
told
me
it
is
interesting.
去掉it
5．Those
who
has
finished
work
may
go
home.
has→have
6．He
is
one
of
the
teachers
who
knows
French
in
our
school.
knows→know
7．I
still
remember
the
day
on
when
I
first
came
to
Beijing.
去掉on或when→which
8．Anyone
who
break
the
law
will
be
punished.
break→breaks
Ⅲ.用定语从句合并句子
1．Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress.
I
gave
it
to
her.
→Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress
that/which
I
gave
to
her.
2．I'd
like
to
take
care
of
the
child.
Her
mother
died
recently.
→I'd
like
to
take
care
of
the
child
whose
mother
died
recently.
3．My
grandparents
live
in
a
house.
It
is
more
than
100
years
old.
→My
grandparents
live
in
a
house
which/that
is
more
than
100
years
old.
4．I
have
a
friend.
He
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
→I
have
a
friend
who
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
5．The
girl
is
from
America.
Her
father
is
a
teacher.
→The
girl
whose
father
is
a
teacher
is
from
America.
6．The
picture
was
drawn
by
a
6?year?old
girl.
You
are
looking
at
it.
→The
picture
that/which
you
are
looking
at
was
drawn
by
a
6?year?old
girl.
7．The
woman
is
my
mother.
You
are
looking
after
her.
→The
woman
that/who/whom
you
are
looking
after
is
my
mother.
8．The
meeting
will
be
held
in
a
hotel.
We
shall
take
part
in
it.
→The
meeting
that/which
we
shall
take
part
in
will
be
held
in
a
hotel.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
Earthquakes
Section
Ⅳ 写作(Writing——如何写新闻报道)
新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。
一、注意事项
1．写作过程中要保持事件的真实性、准确性、及时性。
2．要有明确的文章结构。
3．语言要具体、准确、简练、通俗易懂。
二、基本结构
英语新闻报道通常包括四部分。
1．标题，标题应当简洁明了。
2．导语，导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。
3．主体，主体是消息的主要部分，要用充足的事实表现主题，对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。
4．结束语，通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。
三、增分佳句
1．陈述事实常用的句型：
①A
terrible
storm
hit/struck
Japan.
强风暴袭击了日本。
②It
was
a
cool
autumn
night
when
the
accident
happened.
事故发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。
③With
the
help
of
the
rescue
team,
people
who
were
trapped
in
the
flood
were
saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
2．陈述观点常用的句型：
Clearly/Obviously/In
my
opinion/It
seemed
that
people
were
shocked.
显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。
3．揭示原因常用的句型：
Because
of/As
a
result
of/Thanks
to
the
help
of
the
army,
people
who
got
injured
were
sent
to
the
hospital
immediately.
因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。
4．总结全文常用的句型：
In
a
word/To
draw
a
conclusion/I
believe
we
will
build
a
new
city.
总之/我相信我们将重建一个新城市。
[题目要求]
星光中学(Xingguang
High
School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：
1．时间与地点：4月10日，大青山(Daqing
Mountain)；
2．活动的过程；
3．你对这次活动的评论。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．体裁：记叙文；
2．话题：报道活动；
3．人称：第三人称；
4．时态：叙述事件用一般过去时，评论用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一段：点出活动的时间、地点、人物和目的；
第二段：描写活动的过程；
第三段：谈谈对活动的认识。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．take
outdoor
exercise 参加户外运动
2．set
off
for
动身去某地
3．in
high
spirits
情绪高涨
4．fall
behind
落在后面
5．be
of
great
benefit
to
对……很有益处
6．organize
a
mountain?climbing
activity
组织爬山活动
7．enjoy
fresh
air
享受新鲜空气
8．get
close
to
nature
接近大自然
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我们学校鼓励同学们参加户外运动。(encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.)
Our
school
encouraged
the
students
to
take
outdoor
exercise.
2．我们学校于4月10日组织了登山活动。(主谓宾结构)
Our
school
organized
a
mountain?climbing
activity
on
April
10.
3．这是个晴朗的日子，上午8点，我们聚集在大青山下，情绪高涨地朝山顶出发。
It
was
a
nice
day.
At
8：00
am,
we
gathered
at
the
foot
of
Daqing
Mountain
and
set
off
for
the
top
in
high
spirits.
4．一路上我们聊天，唱歌，欢笑，享受清新的空气和美丽的风景。
All
the
way
we
were
chatting,
singing
and
laughing,
enjoying
the
fresh
air
and
the
beautiful
scenery.
5．一些同学落后了，其他人来提供帮助。
When
some
fell
behind,
others
would
come
and
offer
help.
6．沐浴在阳光下，我们欢呼跳跃。
We
were
bathing
in
sunshine,
and
we
jumped
and
cheered
with
joy.
7．这次活动对我们很有益。(be
of＋n.)
The
activity
is
of
great
benefit
to
us.
8．这不仅使我们接近大自然，从沉重的学习中放松而且促进我们之间的友谊。
It
not
only
gets
us
close
to
nature
and
gives
us
relaxation
from
heavy
school
work
but
also
promotes
the
friendship
among
us.
9．多么快乐的时光呀！
What
a
wonderful
time!
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用不定式作状语合并1、2句
In
order
to
encourage
the
students
to
take
outdoor
exercise,
our
school
organized
a
mountain?climbing
activity
on
April
10.
2．用分词作状语改写句6
Bathing
in
sunshine,
we
jumped
and
cheered
with
joy.
3．用倒装句改写句8
Not
only
does
it
get
us
close
to
nature
and
give
us
relaxation
from
heavy
school
work,
but
also
it
promotes
the
friendship
among
us.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
In
order
to
encourage
the
students
to
take
outdoor
exercise,
our
school
organized
a
mountain?climbing
activity
on
April
10.
It
was
a
nice
day.
At
8：00
am,
we
gathered
at
the
foot
of
Daqing
Mountain
and
set
off
for
the
top
in
high
spirits.
All
the
way
we
were
chatting,
singing
and
laughing,
enjoying
the
fresh
air
and
the
beautiful
scenery.
When
some
fell
behind,
others
would
come
and
offer
help.
About
2
hours
later,
we
all
reached
the
top.
Bathing
in
sunshine,
we
jumped
and
cheered
with
joy.
The
activity
is
of
great
benefit
to
us.
Not
only
does
it
get
us
close
to
nature
and
give
us
relaxation
from
heavy
school
work,
but
also
it
promotes
the
friendship
among
us.
What
a
wonderful
time!
PAGE
-
3
-Unit
4
Earthquakes
Section
Ⅴ 单元要点复习
?重点单词
1．suffering
n.
苦难；痛苦→suffer
vt.&vi.
遭受
2．extreme
adj.
极度的→extremely
adv.
极度地
3．injure
vt.
损害；伤害→injury
n.
损害；伤害
4．shock
vt.&vi.
(使)震惊；震动→shocking
adj.
令人震惊的→shocked
adj.
震惊的
5．electricity
n.
电；电流；电学→electric
adj.
电气科学的；与电有关的
6．frighten
vt.
使惊吓；吓唬→frightened
adj.
受惊吓的→frightening
adj.
令人恐惧的
7．congratulation
n.
祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate
v.
祝贺
8．express
vt.
表示；表达n.
快车；速递→expression
n.
表达；表示；词语
9．burst
vi.
爆裂；爆发n.
突然破裂；爆发
10．event
n.
事件；大事
11．ruin
n.
废墟；毁灭vt.
毁灭；使破产
12．destroy
vt.
破坏；毁坏；消灭
13．track
n.
轨道；足迹；痕迹
14．rescue
n．&vt.
援救；营救
15．trap
vt.
使陷入困境n.
陷阱；困境
16．disaster
n.
灾难；灾祸
17．bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
18．shelter
n.
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
19．damage
n．&vt.
损失；损害
20．judge
n.
裁判员；法官vt.
断定；判断；判决→judgement
n.
判断
?重点短语
1．dig
out
掘出；发现
2．be
buried
in
埋头于；专心于
3．be
trapped
in
(＝be
caught
in)被困在……中
4．be
rescued
from
被从……解救出
5．think
little
of
不在意，轻视
6．as
usual
照例；像往常一样
7．a
(great)
number
of
许多
8．the
number
of...
……的数量/数字
9．at
once/right
away
立刻；马上
10．burst
into
laughter/burst
out
laughing
突然大笑起来
11．as
if
仿佛；好像
12．at
an
end
结束；终结
13．be/lie
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
14．instead
of
代替，而不是
15．tens
of
thousands
of
数以万计的
16．to
the
north
of
在……的北面
17．judge
from...
从……判断
18．be
proud
of
为……而自豪；引以为荣
19．express
one's
thanks
to
sb.
向某人表达谢意
20．give
out
发出；公布
?重点句式
1．In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
农家院子里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得无法进食。
2．It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
3．But
the
one
million
people
of
the
city,
who
thought
little
of
these
events,
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night.
但是唐山市的一百万居民没有把这些情况当回事，那天晚上照常上床睡觉了。
4．All
hope
was
not
lost。
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
5．To
the
north
of
the
city,
most
of
the
10,000
miners
were
rescued
from
the
coal
mines
there.
在城市北边，一万名矿工中的大多数被从煤矿中救了出来。
6．Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
7．Your
speech
was
heard
by
a
group
of
five
judges,
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为那是今年最好的演讲。
?单元语法
定语从句(Ⅰ)：由关系代词who,
whom,
that,
which,
whose引导的限制性定语从句
PAGE
-
1
-
