Unit
13 People
The
annual
World
Economic
Forum
(经济论坛)
took
place
in
Davos,
Switzerland,
in
Jan.
23—26,
2018.
What
did
Chinese
entrepreneurs
(企业家)
speak
in
the
forum?
Are
there
some
quotable
quotes
for
you?
★Jack
Ma,
founder
and
executive
chairman
of
Alibaba
Group
“I
think
globalization
cannot
be
stopped—no
one
can
stop
globalization,
no
one
can
stop
trade.
If
trade
stops,
the
world
stops.
Trade
is
the
way
to
dissolve
(溶解，结束)
the
war,
not
cause
the
war，”
said
Ma
in
Davos,
“Google,
Facebook,
Amazon
and
Alibaba—we
are
the
luckiest
companies
of
this
century.
But
we
have
the
responsibility
to
have
a
good
heart,
and
do
something
good.”
★Richard
Liu,
founder
and
chief
executive
officer
of
JD
“Business
is
not
only
a
way
to
make
money
but
also
a
way
to
contribute
yourself,
to
help
people，”
Liu
said
in
a
speech
in
Davos.
“How
can
we
face
the
fractured
(分化的)
world?
That's
the
topics
of
the
Davos
this
year.
I
think
a
very
important
thing
in
business
is
cooperation.
If
we
can
unite,
work
together,
if
we
work
very
closely,
I
think
we
can
bring
more
hope
to
the
people
and
we
can
build
more
trust
between
the
people,
countries
and
companies
and
partners，”
he
said.
★Jane
Sun,
CEO
of
Ctrip
“Tourism
is
a
sunrise
industry.
Since
I
entered
Ctrip,
every
year
there
are
new
comers,
which,
first
of
all,
shows
that
tourism
is
booming.”
Sun
told
Sina.com
in
Davos.
“We
invested
heavily
in
ABC.
A
refers
to
Al,
B
is
big
data,
and
C
is
cloud
computing.
As
we
continue
to
expand
overseas,
these
three
will
be
very
good
weapons
for
us.
So
we
think
those
mean
opportunity，”
she
said.
★Hu
Xiaoming,
president
of
Aliyun
“In
2018,
people
will
see
the
development
in
various
countries
more
closely
connected
with
cloud
computing.
More
manufacturing
enterprises
and
financial
institutions
will
start
to
use
‘cloud’，
and
cloud
computing
will
increase
the
efficiency
of
technology
and
finance，”
Hu
told
Xinhua
in
Davos.
开启快乐学习之旅
2018年1月23日至28日达沃斯论坛在瑞士进行，本文是与会的四位中国企业家的发言内容。
SectionⅠ Warm?up
&
Lesson
1
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．beard
n.
胡须
2．uniform
n.
制服
3．emergency
n.
紧急情况
4．academic
adj.
学术的
5．entirely
adv.
完全地
6．accuse
vt.
控告，谴责
7．pray
vt.
&
vi.
祈祷，祷告
8．deserve
vt.
应得，值得
9．mistaken
adj.
错误的
10．fail
v.
失败→failure
n.
失败
11．possibility
n.
可能性→possible
adj.
可能的→possibly
adv.
可能；或许
12．disability
n.
残疾；无能力→disable
vt.
使残疾，使丧失能力→disabled
adj.
有残疾的
13．connection
n.
联系；连接→connect
v.
连接
14．association
n.
关系；联想，协会→associate
vt.
联想，联系
15．expression
n.
表情；词语→express
vt.
表达；快递邮寄
n.
快车；快递服务；[美]捷运公司
16．gift
n.
礼物；天赋；天资→gifted
adj.
有天赋的
17．accurately
adv.
精确地，准确地→accurate
adj.
精确的，准确的
18．description
n.
描述，形容→describe
vt.
描述
19．predict
vt.
预言，预测→prediction
n.
预言
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．draw_up
起草
2．ake_turns_to_do_sth.
轮流做某事
3．compare...with...
把……与……相比较
4．come_up_with
想出；提出
5．alk_sb._into_doing_sth.
说服某人做某事
6．add...to...
把……加到……
7．even_if
即使
8．on
the
other
hand
另一方面
9．have
problems
in
doing...
做……有困难
10．have
sth.
to
do
with
与……有关
11．in
terms
of...
就……而言
12．get
ahead
获得成功；取得进步；领先
13．react
to
对……作出反应
14．accuse
sb.
of
sth.控告某人某事
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．even
if/though引导让步状语从句
Even_if_they_never_see_their_results,_they
feel
that
their
IQ
is
what
determines
how
well
they
are
going
to
do
in
life.
即使永远看不到自己的测验结果，他们仍然感到自己的智商决定了他们将来在生活中的发展状况。
2．that引导宾语从句(第二个that不可省略)
When
they
see
other
students
doing
better
than
them,
they
usually
believe
hat
those
students
have
a
higher
IQ
and
hat
there
is
nothing
they
can
do
to
change
facts.
当看到其他学生比他们做得出色时，他们通常认为那些学生拥有更高的智商，而自己却无法改变事实。
3．while作并列连词
While
your
IQ
tells
you
how
intelligent
you
are,
your
EQ
tells
you
how
well
you
use
your
intelligence.
你的智商表明你的聪明程度，而你的情商告诉你怎样能很好地利用自己的聪明才智。
4．It
is
believed
that...人们相信……
It_is_generally_believed_that
people
with
high
EQs
are
open
to
new
ideas
and
have
positive
attitudes
towards
life.
人们普遍相信，拥有高情商的人易于接受新思想，并且对生活有着积极的态度。
5．There
is
little
doubt
that...意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句
On
the
other
hand,
here_is_little_doubt_that
people
with
low
EQs
often
have
problems
getting
on
with
other
people
and
dealing
with
difficult
situations;
thus
they
have
a
harder
time
surviving
in
life.
另一方面，有一点是毫无疑问的：低情商的人在与人交往和应付困难的处境时常会出现问题，因此他们活得更为艰难。
6．be
as＋adj.;
if
not＋比较级＋that...即使不比……，至少也和……一样……
The
results
of
studies
such
as
these
show
that
EQ
is_as_important,_
if_not_more_important_than
IQ.
像这样的研究结果表明，即使情商不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同样重要。
1.pre?开头的单词
①predict
vt.
预言，预测 ②prewar
adj.
战前的
③prepaid
adj.
预付的
④prevent
v.
预防
⑤previous
adj.
先前的
⑥preview
v.
预演
⑦prepare
v.
准备
2．构词法记单词
①face
n.
脸→facial
adj.
面部的
②express
vt.
表达→expression
n.
表情；词语
③describe
vt.
描述→description
n.
描述，形容
④fail
vi.
失败→failure
n.
失败
⑤possible
adj.
可能的→possibility
n.
可能性
⑥ability
n.
能力→disability
n.
无能力，残废
课文预读
Success
comes
with
a
high
EQ
Most
students
do
an
IQ
test
early
in
their
school
career①.
Even
if
they
never
see
their
results,
they
feel
that
their
IQ
is
what
determines
how
well
they
are
going
to
do
in
life.
When
they
see
other
students
doing
better
than
them,
they
usually
believe
that
those
students
have
a
higher
IQ
and
that
there
is
nothing
they
can
do
to
change
facts.
However,
new
research
into
EQ
suggests②
that
success
is
not
simply③
the
result
of
a
high
IQ.
While④
your
IQ
tells
you
how
intelligent⑤
you
are,
your
EQ
tells
you
how
well
you
use
your
intelligence.
Professor
Salovey,
who
invented
the
term
EQ,
gives
the
following
description⑥：At
work,
it
is
IQ
that
gets
you
hired
but
it
is
EQ
that
gets
you
promoted⑦.
Supported
by
his
academic⑧
research,
Professor
Salovey
suggests
that
when
predicting⑨
someone's
future
success,
their
character,
as
measured⑩
by
EQ
tests,
might
actually
matter?
more
than
their
IQ.
①career/k?'rI?(r)/n.
生涯，职业，事业
※even
if
(＝even
though)意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。feel后的句子较复杂，that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中的what引导了一个表语从句。
※句中and连接两个并列宾语从句，都作believe的宾语。第二个that不能省略。
②suggest/s?'d?est/v.
表明，暗示
③simply/'sImplI/adv.
仅仅；简单地
※that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。
④while
conj.
而；然而
⑤intelligent/In'telId??nt/adj.
聪明的
※who引导非限制性定语从句。
⑥description/dI'skrIp??n/n.
描述，形容
⑦promote/pr?'m??t/vt.
提升，晋升
※强调句型：it
is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
⑧academic/?k'demIk/adj.学术的
※过去分词短语作状语。
⑨predict/prI'dIkt/vt.
预言，预测
※“连词＋现在分词短语”结构，在句中作状语。
⑩measure/'me??/vt.
测量；估量
※as
measured
by...为as
it
is
measured
by...的省略，as为连词。
?matter
vi.
要紧
重要成功来自于高情商
[第1～2段译文]
大多数学生在学习阶段的早期就做了智商测验。即使从没有看到自己的测验结果，他们仍然感觉自己的智商决定了他们将来在生活中的发展状况。当看到其他学生比自己做得好时，他们通常认为那些学生有较高的智商，并且他们对改变这些事实无能为力。然而，对情商的最新研究表明成功并不仅仅是高智商的结果。
你的智商表明你的聪明程度，而你的情商表明你利用自己的聪明才智的程度如何。提出“情商”这一说法的萨洛维教授指出，在职场，一个人的智商决定他是否被录用，但情商却决定了他能否被提拔。萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出，在预测一个人未来的成功时，他们的性格(可用EQ来测量)实际上比其智商更为重要。
Professor
Salovey
may
be
correct.
For
example?，
have
you
ever
wondered
why
some
of
the
smartest
students
in
your
class,
who
you
think
deserve?
good
grades,
sometimes
end
up
failing?
exams?
Perhaps
their
failure?
is
because
of?
their
low
EQ.
People
are
often
mistaken?
in
thinking
that
those
with
high
IQs
always
have
high
EQs
as
well?.
This
association?
can
exist,
but
it
is
just
as
possible
for
someone
with
a
low
IQ
to
have
a
high
EQ
or
someone
with
a
high
IQ
to
have
a
low
EQ.
It
is
generally
believed
that
people
with
high
EQs
are
open
to?
new
ideas
and
have
positive
attitudes
towards
life.
They
are
also
less
likely
to
be
troubled
by
problems.
On
the
other
hand，
there
is
little
doubt
that
people
with
low
EQs
often
have
problems
getting
on
with
other
people
and
dealing
with
difficult
situations;
thus
they
have
a
harder
time
surviving
in
life.
?for
example
(＝for
instance)
例如
?deserve/dI'z??v/vt.
应得，值得
※why引导宾语从句，who引导非限制性定语从句，you
think在句中作插入语。
?end
up
doing以做……结束
?failure/'feIlj?/n.
失败
a
failure一个失败的人；一件失败的事
?because
of因为，由于
because
of后跟名词、代词或动名词；because后跟原因状语从句。
?mistaken/mI'steIk?n/adj.
错误的
be
mistaken
about/in在某方面弄错了
?as
well也，还
?association/??s??sI'eI??n/n.
联想；协会
※It
is
believed
that...人们认为……
?be
open
to愿意接受的；对……开放
positive/'p?z?tIv/adj.
积极的，肯定的
likely
adj.
可能的(可以用人作主语)
on
the
other
hand另一方面
get
on
with
sb.与某人相处
deal
with处理；对付
※there
is
little
doubt
that...几乎毫无疑问……
thus/??s/adv.
如此，因此
survive/s?'vaIv/vi.
活下去；幸存[第3～4段译文]
萨洛维教授也许是对的。例如，你是否曾有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应该得到好成绩的最聪明的学生有时却考试不及格？他们的失败也许是因为他们的情商低。人们经常错误地认为高智商的人也总是拥有高情商。这种联系可能存在，但是一个低智商的人有高情商或者一个高智商的人有低情商也是有可能的。
人们通常认为高情商的人往往善于接受新观点，并且对生活持积极的态度。他们也较少被问题困扰。另一方面，毫无疑问的是低情商的人在与别人相处和处理困难情况时经常出现问题，因此会生活得比较艰难。
People
generally
believe
that
a
person's
IQ
is
determined
by
birth.
However,
most
social
scientists
agree
that
EQ
has
a
lot
to
do
with
education.
Some
are
trying
to
study
the
possibility
of
improving
a
person's
EQ,
especially
in
terms
of“people
skills”，
such
as
understanding
and
communication.
Professor
Mayer,
recognised
by
many
as
a
leading
expert
in
the
study
of
changes
to
people's
EQs,
recently
announced
the
results
of
a
study
on
senior
high
school
students.
When
normal
students
were
introduced
to
students
with
disabilities，
they
found
that,
afterwards，
the
normal
students
were
more
willing
to
help
people
with
difficulties.
They
also
showed
a
better
understanding
of
the
disabled
students'
feelings
compared
to
students
who
had
not
been
involved
in
the
study.
There
was
also
an
obvious
change
in
the
disabled
students'
attitudes.
They
became
more
positive
about
life
and
more
willing
to
try
new
things.
※that引导的从句作agree的宾语。
possibility/?p?sI'bIlIti/n.
可能性
especially/I'spe??li/adv.
尤其，特别
in
terms
of就……而言
such
as例如
recognise/'rek?ɡnaIz/vt.
承认，认可
※过去分词短语作定语，相当于who
is
recognised
by
many
as...to
people's
EQs。
disability/?dIs?'bIlIti/n.
残疾；无能力
disable
vt.
使无能力，使残疾
disabled
adj.
残疾的
afterwards
adv.
后来
compared
to与……比较
be
involved
in参加，参与；涉及，牵涉
※过去分词短语作状语；who引导定语从句，修饰students。[第5～6段译文]
通常一个人的智商被认为是与生俱来的，然而，大多数的社会科学家都同意情商与教育有很大的关系。一些人正试图研究提高情商的可能性，特别是“人际技能”方面，例如理解和沟通。
梅耶教授被公认为是情商变化这一研究领域的权威专家，他最近公布了一项对高中学生的研究结果。在一些正常的学生被介绍给一些残疾学生认识后，他们后来发现正常的学生比以前更乐于去帮助处于困境中的人们。同其他没有参加研究的学生相比，他们也更能理解残疾学生的感受。那些残疾学生的态度也发生了明显的变化，他们对生活的态度变得更加积极，也更愿意尝试新事物。
The
results
of
studies
such
as
these
show
that
EQ
is
as
important,
if
not
more
important
than
IQ.
To
get
ahead
in
the
world
and
lead
a
happy
successful
life
means
getting
on
with
other
people
and
being
able
to
understand
and
react
to
situations
in
the
best
way
possible.
This
requires
a
high
EQ—the
higher
the
better.
And
the
fact
that
it
might
be
possible
to
raise
EQs
means
that
schools
need
to
make
sure
that
their
students
are
receiving
the
education
they
really
need,
and
know
that
their
futures
are
not
entirely
determined
by
their
IQs.
※be
as＋adj.,
if
not＋比较级＋than...表示“如果不比……，至少也和……一样……”。
※动词不定式短语作主语。
mean
doing
sth.意味着做某事
mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事
react
to对……作出反应
require/rI'kwaI?(r)/vt.
需要
※that引导同位语从句，解释说明the
fact的内容。
entirely/In'taI?li/adv.
完全地
※that引导的从句作know的宾语。[第7段译文]
像这样的研究结果表明，即使情商不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同样重要。在这个世界上生存并快乐、成功地生活意味着能够与其他人很好地相处，能够理解形势并以可能的最好的方式对其作出反应。这需要高情商——越高越好。情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育，并且知道他们的未来并不全是由智商决定的。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Ⅰ.The
text
is
a/an
________.
A．narrative
(叙述文)
B．exposition
(说明文)
C．practical
writing
(应用文)
D．argumentation
(议论文)
答案：D
Ⅱ.Use
the
words
from
the
text
to
complete
the
blanks.
Success
comes
with
a
high
EQ
1．EQ
is
more
①important
than
IQ
(1)IQ
gets
you
②hired
;
EQ
gets
you
③promoted.
(2)Some
of
the
smartest
students
may
④fail.
(3)⑤Low
EQ
people
find
it
harder
to
survive
in
life.
2．EQ
could
be
⑥improved
(1)From
the
result
of
a
study,
normal
students
were
more
⑦willing
to
help
people
with
difficulties
and
had
a
better
understanding
of
the
disabled.
(2)Disabled
students
became
more
⑧positive
about
life
and
more
willing
to
try
new
things.
3．Conclusion
(1)EQ
is
at
⑨least
as
important
as
IQ.
(2)The
students'
futures
are
not
entirely
⑩determined
by
IQs.
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．The
article
is
mainly
talking
about
the
relationship
between
EQ
and
IQ.( F )
2．Whether
we
can
succeed
or
not
more
depends
on
IQ
than
EQ.( F )
3．High
EQs
can
make
people
get
along
well
with
other
people.( T )
4．High
EQs
can
make
you
full
of
confidence
for
life
since
you
face
many
difficulties.( T )
5．EQ
is
always
the
opposite
of
IQ.( F )
6．A
person
can't
have
both
high
EQs
and
IQs.( F )
7．A
person's
IQ
can't
be
improved
while
EQ
can
be
changed.( T )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．According
to
Professor
Salovey,
what
factor
matters
the
most
in
predicting
whether
a
person
will
be
successful
or
not?
A．How
a
person
tests
his/her
brainpower.
B．A
person's
character.
C．How
smart
a
person
is.
D．A
person's
IQ.
答案：B
2．The
fourth
paragraph
tells
us
that
________.
A．people
who
have
a
high
IQ
always
have
a
high
EQ
B．EQ
is
the
opposite
of
IQ
C．people
who
have
a
low
EQ
tend
to
have
a
hard
life
D．people
who
have
a
high
EQ
always
have
a
high
IQ
答案：C
3．What
did
Professor
Mayer
find
from
his
study
of
normal
students
being
introduced
to
some
disabled
ones?
A．The
disabled
students
became
more
positive
and
more
eager
to
try
new
things.
B．There
was
no
change
in
the
normal
students.
C．The
disabled
students
were
more
willing
to
help
others.
D．Students
with
disabilities
were
not
open
in
trying
new
things.
答案：A
4．Which
of
the
following
is
the
writer's
attitude
towards
EQ
and
IQ?
A．IQ
is
more
helpful
to
people
than
EQ.
B．IQ
can
be
raised
by
understanding
and
communication.
C．EQ
can
get
people
hired.
D．A
high
EQ
is
of
great
benefit
in
getting
people
promoted.
答案：D
5．The
passage
mainly
talks
about
________.
A．the
role
played
by
IQ
B．the
role
played
by
EQ
C．the
researches
done
by
Professors
Salovey
and
Mayer
D．the
success
in
one's
career
答案：B
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Most
students
do
an
IQ
test
early
in
their
school
career
because
they
believe
that
it
is
IQ
that
determines
how
well
they're
going
to
do
in
life.
However,
new
research
into
EQ
suggests
that
success
is
not
__1__
(simple)
the
result
of
a
high
IQ.
Professor
Salovey,
who
invented
the
term
EQ,
gives
the
following
__2__
(describe):
At
work,
it
is
IQ
that
gets
you
__3__
(hire)
but
it
is
EQ
that
gets
you
promoted.
__4__
(support)
by
his
academic
research,
Professor
Salovey
suggests
that
when
__5__
(predict)
someone's
future
success,
their
character,
as
measured
by
EQ
tests,
might
actually
matter
more
than
their
IQ.
He
may
be
correct.
For
example,
have
you
ever
wondered
why
some
of
the
smartest
students
in
your
class,
__6__
you
think
deserve
good
grades,
sometimes
end
up
__7__
(fail)
exams?
Perhaps
their
failure
is
because
of
their
low
EQ.
Often
people
__8__
(mistake)
in
thinking
that
those
with
high
IQs
always
have
high
EQs
as
well.
The
results
of
studies
show
that
EQ
is
as
important,
__9__
not
more
important
than
IQ.
To
get
ahead
in
the
world
__10__
lead
a
happy
successful
life
means
getting
on
with
other
people
and
being
able
to
understand
and
react
to
situations
in
the
best
way
possible.
1．simply 2.description 3.hired 4.Supported
5．predicting 6.who 7.failing 8.are_mistaken
9.if
10．and
1
(教材P7)Police
are
looking
for
four
people
in
connection
with
a
crime.
警察正在搜寻和一宗犯罪有关的四个人。
(1)have
connection
with 与……有联系
in
connection
with
与……有联系
(2)connect
vt.
连接；联系
vi.
相通
connect
with
与……衔接/有关
connect
A
with/to
B
把A与B连接起来
(3)connected
adj.
有联系的
be
connected
with
与……有联系
[即学即用]
(1)His
illness
had
some
connection
with
his
diet.
他的病与他的饮食有关系。
(2)The
hotel
was
connected
with
the
station
by
an
overbridge.
天桥把旅馆和车站连接起来。
(3)As
is
shown
in
the
report,
teenager
problems
are_often_connected_with
family
life
and
education.
正如这份报告中表明的，青少年问题常常与家庭生活和教育有关。
(4)单句语法填空
①Do
you
believe
that
there's
a
connection
(connect)
between
smoking
and
heart
disease?
②Our
teachers
always
pay
attention
to
connecting
theory
with
practice.
③They
connected
the
gas
stove
o/with
the
gas
pipe.
④There
is
no
evidence
to
show
that
he
is
connected
(connect)
with
the
murder.
2
(教材P8)You
are
a
gifted
student
who
always
gets
As
in
exams,
but
you
have
just
found
out
you
got
a
C
in
a
recent
test.
你是一个在考试中总得A的天才学生，但你刚刚发现你在近期的一次测试中得了C。
(1)be
gifted
in... 在……方面有天资
be
gifted
with...
天生具有……
(2)gift
n.
天赋；才能；礼物
have
a
gift
for...
有……才能，在……方面有天赋
[即学即用]
(1)As
we
all
know,
Wang
Feng
is
gifted
in
music.
众所周知，汪峰有音乐天赋。
(2)I
have
my
own
strength
that
I
have
a
gift
for
dance.
我有自己的优势，我有舞蹈天赋。
(3)单句语法填空
Their
daughter
has
a
gift
for
language
while
their
son
is
a
gifted
(gift)
pianist.
3
(教材P8)Supported
by
his
academic
research,
Professor
Salovey
suggests
that
when
predicting
someone's
future
success,
their
character,
as
measured
by
EQ
tests,
might
actually
matter
more
than
their
IQ.
萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出，在预测一个人未来的成功时，他们的性格(可用EQ来测量)实际上比其智商更为重要。
(1)predict＋n./that/wh－从句 预言，预测
It
is
predicted
that...
据预测/预报
be
predicted
to
do
sth.
被预测做某事
(2)prediction
n.
预言，预测，预料
make
a
prediction
预测，预告，预料
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
predicted
that
a
snowstorm
is
on
the
way.
据预报，一场暴风雪即将到来。
(2)Population
experts
predict
that
most
people
will
live
in
cities
in
the
near
future.
人口专家预测说，在不久的将来，大多数人将会生活在城市里。
(3)I
find
it
hard
to
make
a
prediction
between
success
and
failure.
我发现预料成功还是失败很难。
(4)单句语法填空
①Nobody
believed
his
prediction
(predict)
then
but
later
it
turned
out
to
be
true.
②It
is
predicted
(predict)
that
the
price
of
the
houses
is
going
to
fall.
4
(教材P8)For
example,
have
you
ever
wondered
why
some
of
the
smartest
students
in
your
class,
who
you
think
deserve
good
grades,
sometimes
end
up
failing
exams?
例如，你是否有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应该得到好成绩的最聪明的学生，结果有时会不及格呢？
deserve＋n./pron./to
do 值得，应得
deserve
doing＝deserve
to
be
done
应该被……
deserve
consideration/attention
值得考虑/注意
get
what
you
deserve
罪有应得
[即学即用]
(1)No
matter
how
ordinary
a
job
is,
it
plays
a
part
in
society
and
therefore
deserves
our
due
respect.
不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起到一定的作用，因此值得我们应有的尊重。
(2)She
deserved
to
win
because
she
was
the
best.
她应该赢，因为她是最好的。
(3)Follow
the
rules,
or
you
will
get
what
you
deserve.
遵守这些规定，否则你会得到应有的惩罚。
(4)单句语法填空
①We
deserve
o_know
(know)
why
you
did
that
and
demand
an
explanation.
②If
you
do
wrong,
you
deserve
the
punishment
(punish)．
③It
is
those
who
are
willing
to
give
rather
than
receive
that
deserve
respecting/to_be_respected
(respect)．
[联想归纳] 和deserve用法相似的词有need,
require,
want等，它们后面的v.－ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义。此时，v.－ing形式可用不定式的被动形式替换。
5
(教材P8)Perhaps
their
failure
is
because
of
their
low
EQ.
他们失败也许是因为他们的情商低。
fail
v． 失败；使失望，有负于
fail
(in)
sth./doing
sth.
在……方面失败
fail
to
do...
没能做……
[即学即用]
(1)Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
失败是成功之母。
(2)The
Chinese
football
is
a
failure
in
the
eyes
of
most
people.
在大多数人看来中国足球是失败的。
(3)I
know
that
I'm
bound
to
fail
in
the
exam.
我知道我考试一定会不及格的。
(4)Words
fail
me
right
at
the
sight
of
this
beautiful
scenery.
面对着如此美景，我找不到词语来表达。
(5)单句语法填空
①Paris
had
suffered
a
sudden
heart
failure
(fail)．
②Mr
Wang
thought
he
was
a
failure
as
a
teacher.
③John
did
very
well,
but
failed
o_break
(break)
the
record.
[联想归纳] 明辨failure的单复数
failure作为泛指意义的“失败”时，是不可数名词；若指具体的失败的人、事或某一次失败，则为可数名词，即抽象名词具体化。
6
(教材P8)People
are
often
mistaken
in
thinking
that
those
with
high
IQs
always
have
high
EQs
as
well.
人们经常错误地认为高智商的人总是拥有高情商。
(1)be
mistaken
about 把……弄错；对……持错误见解
(2)mistake
n.
&
v.
误认，弄错
by
mistake
由于疏忽，错误地
make
a
mistake/mistakes 犯错
mistake...for...
把……误认为……
[即学即用]
(1)Sorry
to
tell
you
that
you
are
mistaken
in
predicting
the
results.
很遗憾地告诉你，你在预测结果方面错了。
(2)The
teacher
often
mistook
me
for
my
elder
brother.
老师经常把我错认为我的哥哥。
(3)How
will
you
help
the
boy
who
often
makes
mistakes
in
class?
你怎样帮助那位在课堂上经常犯错的男孩？
(4)单句语法填空
①The
ancients
were
mistaken
(mistake)
in
their
belief
that
the
earth
was
flat.
②I
hope
you
will
forgive
me
for
opening
your
letter
by
mistake.
③To
be
honest,
everyone
makes
mistakes
when
learning
to
speak
a
foreign
language.
7
(教材P9)Accused
of
stealing
money,
the
man
was
brought
to
court.
因为被指控偷了钱，那个人被带上法庭。
accuse
sb.
of 控告某人犯有……(罪)
be
accused
of
被控告犯有……(罪)
charge
sb.
with
控告某人犯有……(罪)
[联想归纳] 与“accuse
sb.of
sth.”结构类似的其他短语有：
rob
sb.
of
sth. 抢劫某人的东西
cheat
sb.
of
sth.
骗某人的东西
inform
sb.
of
sth.
通知某人某事
remind
sb.
of
sth.
提醒某人某事，使某人想起……
warn
sb.
of
sth.
警告某人某事
suspect
sb.
of
sth.
怀疑某人某事
[即学即用]
(1)It
was
surprising
that
the
successful
manager
was
accused
of
theft.
令人惊讶的是这位成功的经理被控告犯有偷盗罪。
(2)The
student
accused
of
cheating
in
the
exam
turned
out
to
be
innocent.
被指控在考试中作弊的学生结果是无辜的。
(3)单句语法填空
①The
foreign
company
has
accused
him
of
stealing
information.
②The
young
man
who
robbed
the
lady
of
money
was
charged
with
robbery.
1
(教材P8)Analyse
your
problems
and
come
up
with
a
plan
to
improve
your
grade.
分析一下你的问题，并想出一个计划来提高你的成绩。
come
up
with 想出；提出；赶上；超过
come
about
发生
come
across
偶然发现；偶遇
come
on
快点；演出
come
out
开花；出版
come
up
走近；被提及
注意：come
up
with是及物动词短语，主语一般是人；come
up是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。
[即学即用]
(1)I
hope
that
you
can
come
up
with
a
better
plan
than
this.
我希望你能提出比这更好的计划。
(2)Something
unexpected
came
up
at
the
meeting
that
day.
那天会上出现了意想不到的事情。
(3)How
did
it
come_about
that
he
was
late
for
such
an
important
meeting?
那么重要的会议他怎么会迟到呢？
(4)It
is
said
that
her
new
album
will
come_out
next
month.
据说她的新专辑将在下个月发行。
(5)I
came_across
some
old
photos
under
the
bed
the
other
day.
不久前的一天我在床底下偶然发现了一些老照片。
2
(教材P8)Go
and
see
your
teacher
and
try
to
talk
him
or
her
into
giving
you
a
better
grade.
去找你的老师，并尽力说服他或她给你更好点儿的分数。
[即学即用]
(1)I
didn't
want
to
leave
my
motherland
but
Bill
talked/persuaded
me
into
moving
abroad.
我本不想离开祖国，但是比尔说服了我移居国外。
(2)I
allowed
myself
o_be_persuaded_into
entering
the
competition.
我禁不住人家的劝说，就参加了比赛。
(3)Can't
you
alk/persuade_them_into
selling
the
house?
难道你不能说服他们卖掉那幢房子？
3
(教材P8)Draw
up
an
agenda
and
discuss
it
with
the
group.
起草一个日程表并同组员讨论它。
draw
up拟订，制订，起草；(车辆)到达某处停下
draw
back收回；退却；撤回，取消(建议、计划、诺言等)
draw
near/close 靠近
draw
a
conclusion
得出结论
draw
one's
attention
吸引某人的注意
draw
in
(车)进站；吸引
[即学即用]
(1)A
truck
drew
up
in
front
of
the
house.
一辆卡车在房子前停下来。
(2)As
autumn
draws
near,
the
leaves
turn
yellow.
随着秋天的临近，树叶都变黄了。
(3)The
train
drew
in
and
all
the
passengers
got
off.
火车驶进了车站，所有的乘客都下了车。
(4)Before
the
exploration,
the
expert
drew_up
a
detailed
plan.
这位专家在探险之前起草了一份详细的计划。
(5)I
was
walking
in
the
street
when
a
bird
drew_my_attention.
我在街上正走着，这时一只鸟吸引了我的注意。
(6)At
the
sight
of
the
snake,
he
drew_back,_full
of
fear.
一看到蛇，他便惊恐地向后退。
4
(教材P8)For
example,
have
you
ever
wondered
why
some
of
the
smartest
students
in
your
class,
who
you
think
deserve
good
grades,
sometimes
end
up
failing
exams?
例如，你想过为什么班上那些你认为应该取得好成绩的最聪明的学生有时却没有通过考试吗？
(1)end
up
doing 结果……
end(up)in...
结果为……，最终会……
end(up)with...
以……结束/告终
end(up)as
最终成为……
(2)come
to
an
end
结束
bring...to
an
end
使……终止
put
an
end
to...
使……终止
[即学即用]
(1)You
are
sure
to
end
up
in
failure
if
you
act
like
that.
如果你继续那样的话，那么你肯定会以失败结束。
(2)Whenever
we
go
out
to
dinner
with
them,
I
always
end
up
paying
the
bill.
只要我们跟他们一起出去吃饭，最后总是我付账。
(3)单句语法填空
①You
will
end
up
in
trouble
if
you
don't
listen
to
your
parents.
②If
you
don't
know
what
you
want,
you
might
end
up
with
something
you
don't
want.
③Because
of
the
limited
time,
they
had
to
put
an
end
o
the
meeting.
④Without
full
preparations,
the
medical
team
end
up
giving
(give)
up
the
research
on
the
disease.
5
(教材P9)Some
are
trying
to
study
the
possibility
of
improving
a
person's
EQ,
especially
in
terms
of
“people
skills”，
such
as
understanding
and
communication.
有些(科学家)试图研究提高情商的可能性，特别是“人际技能”方面，例如理解和交际能力。
(1)be
on
good/bad
terms 关系良好/不好
in
the
long/short
term/run
就长远/短期而言
(2)keep
on
good
terms
with
sb.
与某人保持良好的关系
come
to
terms
with达成协议，和好；接受，适应
[即学即用]
(1)Such
a
development
looks
good
in
the
long
term.
从长远观点来看，这样的发展看起来不错。
(2)I
have
to
practise
more
in
terms
of
oral
English.
就英语口语来说，我还必须多练习。
(3)It
took
him
a
long
time
to
come_to_terms_with
his
illness.
他花了很长时间才接受他的疾病。
(4)The
job
is
great
in_terms_of
salary,
but
it
has
its
disadvantages.
就薪金而言，这个工作倒是不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
(5)In_the_long_term/run,_the
medicine
will
work.
从长远看，这种药会起作用的。
?教材P8?Even
if
they
never
see
their
results，
they
feel
that
their
IQ
is
what
determines
how
well
they
are
going
to
do
in
life.
即使他们从没看到自己的测验结果，他们仍然感到自己的智商决定了他们将来在生活中的发展状况。
这是一个多重复合句，由主句和四个从句构成。even
if引导的是让步状语从句；that引导的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中，what引导表语从句，how引导宾语从句。
?1?even
if
?＝even
though?即使，纵然，引导让步状语从句，且引出的从句叙述的是假设或是把握不大的事实。
?2?though/although也能引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，常用来陈述事实。
[即学即用]
(1)Even
if/though
we
achieve
great
success
in
our
work,
we
should
not
be
proud.
即使我们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。
(2)We
won't
give
up
even_if
we
(should)
fail
ten
times.
即使失败十次，我们也不会放弃。
(3)hough_he_is_poor/Poor_though_he_is,_he
is
satisfied
with
his
situation.
虽然他很穷，但他对自己的境况还是满意的。
?教材P8?While
your
IQ
tells
you
how
intelligent
you
are，
your
EQ
tells
you
how
well
you
use
your
intelligence.
你的智商表明你的聪明程度，而你的情商表明你利用自己的聪明才智的程度如何。
句中while是并列连词，连接两个并列句，表示对比，意为“然而，而”。
while用作从属连词时：
?1?表示“在……期间；当……的时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表时间点。
?2?表示“虽然，尽管”，相当于though或although引导的让步状语从句，多放于句首。
[即学即用]
(1)Most
of
my
classmates
wanted
to
go
to
a
park
while
I
had
an
idea
of
going
to
a
nicer
place.
我的大部分同学想去公园，而我想去一个更好的地方。
(2)
While_(I_was)_walking_along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called.
当我在沿街散步的时候，我听见有人叫我。
(3)While_(he_is)_not_very_rich,_he
often
helps
those
in
need.
虽然他并不是很富裕，但是他经常帮助处于困境中的人们。
?教材P9?It
is
generally
believed
that
people
with
high
EQs
are
open
to
new
ideas
and
have
positive
attitudes
towards
life.
人们通常认为，那些拥有高情商的人往往善于接受新观点，并对生活有着积极的态度。
It
is
believed
that...句型的意思是“人们相信……”。it作为形式主语，代替后面的that从句，这个从句是主语从句。这个句型可以转换为sb.
is
believed
to
do
sth.，意思不变。
(1)类似的句型还有：
It
is/was
said
that... 据说……
It
is/was
thought
that...
大家认为……
It
is/was
reported
that...
据报道……
It
is/was
hoped
that...
人们希望……
It
is/was
suggested
that...
人们建议……
(2)此句式可以转换为：sb./sth.＋be＋v.－ed＋to
do...
[即学即用]
(1)It
was
believed
that
nobody
could
persuade
him
to
change
his
idea.
人们相信没有人能说服他改变主意。
(2)It
is
reported
that
the
president
will
visit
China
next
week.
据报道，那位总统下星期将会访问中国。
(3)It_is_believed_that
smoking
can
contribute
to
lung
cancer.
＝Smoking
is_believed_to
contribute
to
lung
cancer.
人们认为吸烟能够导致肺癌。
(4)It_is_reported_that
China
has
sent
another
man－made
satellite
into
orbit.
＝China
is_reported_to
have
sent
another
man－made
satellite
into
orbit.
据报道中国又成功发射了一颗人造卫星。
?教材P9?On
the
other
hand，
there
is
little
doubt
that
people
with
low
EQs
often
have
problems
getting
on
with
other
people
and
dealing
with
difficult
situations；
thus
they
have
a
harder
time
surviving
in
life.
另一方面，毫无疑问的是低情商的人在与别人相处和处理困难情况时经常出现问题，因此会生活得比较艰难。
There
is
little
doubt
that...“毫无疑问……”，相当于There's
no
doubt
that...，此句型中用that引导同位语从句。
(1)doubt既可作名词也可作动词。当doubt用于肯定句时，作动词，后接whether/if引导的宾语从句，作名词，后接whether引导的同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后接that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句。
(2)There
is
no
doubt
about... 毫无疑问……
There
is
no
point
in
doing...
做……没有意义
There
is
no
need
to
do...
没有必要做……
There
is
no
good/use
in
doing...
做……没有好处/用处
[即学即用]
(1)There
is
no
doubt
that
our
country
will
become
more
powerful.
毫无疑问的是我们的国家会变得更加强大的。
(2)The
weather
report
said
it
would
be
a
fine
day
tomorrow,
so
there
is
no
doubt
about
it.
天气预报说明天会是个好天气，那么就没有疑问了。
(3)There
is
no
need
for
me
to
buy
so
many
apples
because
there
are
a
lot
at
home.
我没必要买那么多苹果，因为家里还有许多。
(4)单句语法填空
①There
is
some
doubt
whether
all
the
supplies
will
be
sent
on
time.
②I
doubt
if/whether
we'll
arrive
on
time.
③I
have
no
doubt
hat
he'll
pass
the
exam.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What
you
said
has
given
rise
to
the
mistaken
(mistake)
belief
that
smoking
is
not
harmful.
2．Although
difficult,
she
finished
the
job
on
time,
so
I
think
she
certainly
deserved
o_be_praised/praising
(praise)．
3．He
forgot
to
turn
on
the
radio,
thus
missing
(miss)
the
program.
4．The
old
mother
prayed
for
her
son
that
he
would
come
back
safely.
5．Many
colleges
in
China
have
special
classes
for
gifted
(gift)
children
aged
from
4
to
13.
6．She
devoted
herself
entirely
(entire)
to
her
research
and
it
earned
her
a
good
reputation
in
her
field.
7．The
beauty
of
my
hometown
in
autumn
is
beyond
description
(describe)．
8．I
think
success
has
no
rules,
but
you
can
learn
a
lot
from
failure
(fail)．
9.
While
everybody
enjoys
fresh
cut
flowers
in
their
rooms,
few
people
know
how
to
keep
them
for
as
long
as
possible.
10．Allow
children
to
have
their
own
hobbies,
even
if
they
are
different
from
what
you
expect.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.
here_is_little/no_doubt_that
he
will
play
for
England
one
day.
毫无疑问，他终有一天会代表英格兰参赛。
2．Poor
sleep
was_strongly_connected_with
a
poor
appetite
and
poor
health.
睡眠不好会与食欲不振、健康欠佳有密切的联系。
3.
In_terms_of
population,
China
is
the
largest
country
in
the
world.
从人口方面来说，中国是世界上最大的国家。
4.
It_is_reported_that
the
two－child
policy
will
make
China
need
more
kindergartens.
据报道，二孩政策将使中国需要更多的幼儿园。
5．He
couldn't
come_up_with
an
answer
when
I
asked
him
why
he
was
late.
我问他为什么迟到，他答不上来。
PAGEUnit
13
Section
Ⅱ Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．clerk
n.
职员
2．butcher
n.
屠夫；肉商
3．neat
adj.
整洁的
4．sharp
adj.
敏锐的；锋利的，尖的
5．harvest
n.
收获
6．aboard
prep.
在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上
7．hunder
n.
雷声
8．bleed
vi.
流血
9．shelter
vi.
躲避
10．scholar
n.
学者
11．bench
n.
长凳
12．astronomy
n.
天文学
13．cheek
n.
脸颊
14．hug
n.
拥抱
15．upset
adj.
不安的，不快的
16．fault
n.
错误；缺点
17．utor
n.
家庭教师；导师
18．ear
n.
眼泪
19．wool
n.
羊毛→woolen
adj.
羊毛的
20．relief
n.
减轻，宽慰→relieve
v.
缓解；宽慰
21．conductor
n.
售票员；指挥；导体→conduct
vt.
指挥；组织；实施；引导；举止；表现 n.
行为；举止；经营方式；管理办法→conductress
n.
女售票员
22．athletic
adj.
喜爱运动的→athlete
n.
运动员
23．independent
adj.
独立的；自主的；无关联的→independence
n.
独立；自主；自立
24．selfish
adj.自私的→selfishly
adv.
自私地→selfishness
n.
自私
25．desire
n.
渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.
渴望；期望→desirable
adj.
可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的
26．satisfaction
n.
满意；满足→satisfy
vt.
使满意；使满足
27．kindness
n.
和善；亲切→kind
adj.
和善的；友好的；慈祥的 n.
种类→kindly
adv.
和善地；友好地
28．requirement
n.
要求；必要条件；所需要的东西→require
vt.
要求；需要
29．assistant
n．助手；助理→assist
v．帮助；协助；援助→assistance
n．帮助；援助；支持
30．ranslator
n.
翻译员→ranslate
vt.
翻译；转变；理解→
ranslation
n.
翻译；译文；译作
31．broken
adj.
断的，破的→break
v.
折断
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．be_good_for
对……有益/有用
2．deal_with
处理，对付；涉及
3．care_about
关怀，关心，在乎
4．give_up
放弃
5．run_down
流下；钟表停止
6．since_then
自那时起
7．get
lost
迷路
8．at
the
top
of
the
mountain
在山顶上
9．at
the
moment
目前
10．go
abroad
出国
11．tell
sb.
off
责备某人
12．react
to
对……作出反应
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．not...but...不是……而是……
Which
student
believes
that
people
who
work
with
computers
are
not
athletic
but
they
have
to
be
creative?
哪个学生认为做计算机工作的人不善于运动，但必须很有创造力？
2．形容词＋动词不定式
I
find
that
very
hard
o_believe.
我发现那难以置信。
3．it作形式宾语
I
really
dislike
it
when
he
eats
garlic
for
lunch.
我真的不喜欢他午餐时吃大蒜。
4．have＋宾语＋宾补
I
saw
she
had
tears
running
(run)
down
her
cheeks
at
lunch
today
and
one
of
the
other
teachers
gave
her
a
hug.
今天午餐时我看见她泪流满面，另外一个老师拥抱安慰她。
5．现在完成进行时
Their
friends
are
really
upset
and
have_been_waiting
(wait)
anxiously
for
more
news.
他们的朋友确实心里不安，并且一直在焦急地等待更多的消息。
6．would
have
done
sth.本能够做某事(但实际上没做成)
People
would_have_looked
(look)
there
first,
I'm
sure.
我确信，人们本可以先看一下那儿的。
7．may/might
be
doing...可能正在做……
And
one
of
them
might
be_bleeding
(bleed)
or
have
a
broken
arm
or
leg.
他们其中的一人可能在流血或者折断了手臂或腿。
1.常见合成名词荟萃
①postcode
n.
邮政编码
②spaceship宇宙飞船
③girlfriend女朋友
④bathroom浴室
⑤keyboard键盘
⑥moonlight月光
⑦housewife家庭主妇
2．v.＋?or→n.
conductor售票员
translator翻译员
inventor发明家
visitor参观者
3．be＋adj.＋with→形容词短语
be
patient
with
对……有耐心
be
annoyed
with
对……生气
be
concerned
with
与……有关
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
1
(教材P10)Someone
independent
is
able
to
do
things
by
themselves
and
in
their
own
way.
独立自主的人能自己独立做事并且有自己的工作方式。
(1)be
independent
of/from...不受……控制/影响的；独立于……的
independently
adv. 独立地；自主地
(2)independence
n.
独立；自主
dependent
adj.
依靠的；取决于……的
(3)depend
v.
依靠，依赖；取决于
depend
on
依靠；取决于
depend
on
sb.
to
do
sth.
依靠某人做某事
[即学即用]
(1)Her
aim
is
to
be
independent
of/from
her
parents
by
the
time
she
graduates
from
college.
她的目标是到大学毕业时不依赖她的父母，过独立的生活。
(2)Your
pay
depends
on
how
much
you
produce.
你挣多少钱取决于你的产量。
(3)单句语法填空
①Many
colonies
in
Africa
became
independent
(depend)
nations
in
the
1950's.
②Nigeria
gained
independence
(depend)
from
Britain
in
1960.
③I'm
depending
on
you
o_help
(help)
me
with
my
English.
(教材P10)A
person
with
a
sharp
mind
is
able
to
think
and
understand
things
very
quickly.
有着敏锐头脑的人能很快地思考并理解事物。
(1)keep
a
sharp
eye
on
sb./sth. 密切注意某人
keep
a
sharp
eye
out
for
sth.
密切注意观察某事物
(2)sharpen
v．使尖锐，加重；使敏捷；变尖；变得
敏锐；变锋利；尖锐化，急剧化
sharply
adv.
急剧地；大幅度地
sharpener
n.
研磨者，研磨工具
[即学即用]
(1)There
has
been
a
sharp
rise
in
the
number
of
people
out
of
work.
失业人数急剧增加。
(2)The
famous
writer
is
still
sharp
in
thought,
though
he
has
reached
the
age
of
ninety－two.
这位著名作家虽已是92岁高龄，但仍然思维敏捷。
(3)While
talking
to
Rose,
she
kept
a
sharp
eye
on
the
door.
她在和罗丝谈话的时候，眼睛就一直死盯着门口。
(4)单句语法填空
①During
the
last
three
decades,
the
number
of
people
participating
in
physical
fitness
programs
has
increased
sharply
(sharp)．
②Could
you
lend
me
a
knife
to
sharpen
(sharp)
my
pencil？
[图解助记]
3
(教材P10)Tour
guides
need
to
be
independent,
outgoing
and
have
a
desire
to
share
information.
导游需要独立、外向，渴望与别人分享信息。
(1)desire
to
do
sth. 渴望做某事
desire
sb.
to
do
sth.
希望某人做某事
desire
that...
渴望……(从句中谓语动词用
should＋动词原形，should可省略)
(2)have
a
strong
desire
to
do
sth.迫切想要做某事
have
a
strong
desire
for
sth.急于想要得到某物
[即学即用]
(1)Donald
Trump
has
spoken
of
his
desire
to
make
the
US
economy
have
a
growth
rate
of
as
high
as
6%.
唐纳德·特朗普表示，他希望使美国经济的增长率达到6%。
(2)The
officer's
desire
for
money
led
him
to
his
destruction.
这个官员对钱的欲望导致了他的毁灭。
(3)The
farmers
desired
the
government
to
raise
the
prices
of
rice.
农民渴望政府提升大米的价格。
(4)单句语法填空
①They
desired
that
the
manager
(should)_receive
(receive)
them
on
Monday
morning.
②We
always
desire
o_live
(live)
in
peace
with
our
neighbors.
③The
people
in
the
desert
had
a
strong
desire
for
water.
4
(教材P10)I
think
tour
guides
must
also
get
a
lot
of
satisfaction
out
of
seeing
other
people
enjoying
themselves.
我认为看到游客玩得很高兴，导游一定也会感到很满足。
(1)to
one's
satisfaction 使某人满意的是
with/in
satisfaction
满意地
(2)satisfactory
adj.
令人满意的
be
far
from
satisfactory
令人很不满意，远非令人满意
(3)satisfy
vt.
使满意，使高兴
satisfy
sb.'s
needs/demands/desires
满足某人的要求/需求/欲望
(4)satisfied
adj.
满足的，满意的
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
[即学即用]
(1)She
finished
the
painting
and
looked
at
it
in/with
satisfaction.
画完了那张画，她满意地看了看。
(2)I'm
sorry
that
your
academic
paper
has
not
been
to
my
satisfaction.
对不起，你的学术论文我不太满意。
(3)Most
of
us
are
satisfied
with
the
present
life
in
the
new
school.
我们中的大部分人对目前新学校的生活感到满意。
(4)单句语法填空
①She
felt
satisfied
with
his
satisfying
solution
to
the
problem.
(satisfy)
②The
manager
was
satisfied
o_see
(see)
many
new
products
developed
after
great
effort.
③To
be
honest,
I
was
not
satisfied
with
what
he
did.
④In
my
view,
the
greatest
happiness
lies
in
one's
satisfaction
(satisfy)
with
his
surroundings.
5
(教材P10)Can
you
think
of
any
jobs
where
this
isn't
a
requirement?
你能想出其他不把这点作为必要条件的工作吗？
(1)meet/satisfy
one's
requirements 满足某人的需求
to
sb.'s
requirement
根据某人的需求
(2)require
vt.
需要；要求
require
sb.
to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
sth.
require
doing/to
be
done
某物需要……
require
that
sb.
(should)
do
要求某人做……
It's
required
that
sb.
(should)
do有人要求某人做……
[联想归纳] 在requirement后的表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
[即学即用]
(1)In
my
opinion,
it's
hard
to
meet/satisfy
his
requirements.
在我看来，满足他的要求很难。
(2)It
is
required
in
the
school
that
all
the
teachers
should
do
morning
exercises
with
the
students.
学校要求所有的老师应当和学生一起做早操。
(3)单句语法填空
①He
refused
my
requirement
that
we
(should)_be_given
(give)
more
hands.
②All
the
passengers
are
required
o_show
(show)
their
tickets
before
they
board
the
plane.
③Pollution
has
become
a
problem
that
requires
aking/to_be_taken
(take)
seriously.
④A
good
degree
is
a
minimum
requirement
(require)
for
many
jobs.
aboard
adv.
&
prep.
在?船、飞机、车等?上；上?船、飞机、车等）
(教材P11)I
feel
that
airlines
should
not
allow
new?born
babies
aboard
their
long
distance
flights.
我认为航空公司不应该允许新生儿登机进行长距离的飞行。
go
aboard
a/the
ship
(plane,
train,
bus,
etc.)上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
go
aboard＝go
on
board 上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
All
aboard!
请大家上船(飞机、火车等)!
Welcome
aboard!
欢迎搭乘！
[辨析比较]
aboard
prep.
&
adv.
在火车(船、飞机等)上；上火车(船、飞机等)
abroad
adv.
在国外，到国外
board
v.
上火车(船、飞机等)；寄宿n.
木板；甲板；膳食(费)；董事会
broad
adj.
广阔的；宽阔的，广泛的；概括的
[即学即用]
(1)Many
of
the
tourists
aboard
(＝on
board)
had
begun
bargaining
with
the
tradesman.
船上的很多旅客开始与商人讨价还价了。
(2)Mr
Lee
has
been
working
abroad
for
nearly
two
years.
李先生在国外工作已将近两年了。
(3)All
passengers
aboard
lost
their
lives
in
the
crash.
机上所有乘客都在那次飞机失事中丧生了。
(4)They
were
the
last
two
to
go_aboard/go_on_board
the
ship.
他们是最后两个上船的。
7
upset
adj.
不安的；不适的 vt.
使不安；使心烦；打翻
(教材P12)Their
friends
are
really
upset
and
have
been
waiting
anxiously
for
more
news.
他们的朋友确实心里不安，一直在焦急地等待更多的消息。
(1)be/get
upset
about/over/at
sth. 对某事烦心
be
upset＋that－clause
……让人不安
(2)It
upsets
sb.
that...让某人心烦的是……
[即学即用]
(1)She
warned
me
not
to
say
anything
to
upset
him.
她警告我不要说任何让他不高兴的话。
(2)She
cried
on
the
phone
and
was
very
upset
and
I
really
felt
for
her.
她在电话里哭了，非常难过，我很同情她。
(3)What
upset
us
was
that
they
had
no
place
to
stay
in
when
the
storm
came.
让我们感到不安的是他们在风暴来临时没有可待的地方。
(4)单句语法填空
①It
upset
him
that
he
didn't
perform
well
in
the
competition.
②She
has
been
very
upset
about
this
whole
situation.
③What
upset
him
was
that
the
flowers
couldn't
survive
the
heavy
snow.
④He
stood
up
suddenly,
upsetting
(upset)
a
glass
of
wine.
[巧学助记] 图解upset多层含义
8
(教材P12)I
wonder
how
they
got
lost
and
whose
fault
it
was.
我想知道他们是怎么迷路的，是谁的错误。
(1)It
is
one's
fault... 是某人的过错
find
fault
with
对……挑剔
(2)faulty
adj.
有故障的，有缺陷的
faultless
adj.
无错误的，完美无缺的
[即学即用]
(1)The
assistants
think
that
the
manger
often
finds
fault
with
their
work.
这几位助手认为经理经常对他们的工作挑剔。
(2)There
was
no
escaping
the
fact
that
it
was
all
his
fault.
这全是他的错，这是无法回避的事实。
(3)It
would
be
rude
to
find_fault_with
her
appearance.
对她品头论足是不礼貌的。
(4)It
is
his_own_fault.
He
deserves
the
punishment.
这是他自己的过错。他应当受到惩罚。
9
(教材P12)It'll
be
a
real
relief
when
they're
found.
当他们被找到后，才会真的让人宽慰。
(1)with/in
relief 宽慰地，舒心地，轻松地
to
sb.'s
relief
使某人宽慰的是
what
a
relief/that's
a
relief
令人轻松/宽慰的事情
(2)relieve
v.
减轻，缓解
relieve
sb.
of...
解除某人的负担(痛苦)
[即学即用]
(1)Much
to
our
relief,
the
athlete
returned
to
the
field
after
the
treatment.
令我们非常宽慰的是，这位运动员经过治疗后回到了赛场。
(2)The
bonus
would
more
or
less
relieve
her
of
the
family
burden.
这笔奖金或多或少会减轻她的家庭负担。
(3)单句语法填空
①o
our
great
relief,
the
children
all
arrived
home
safely.
②I
felt
a
sense
of
relief
(relieve)
when
I
overcame
the
difficulty.
③It
was
a
relief
that
the
terrorists
had
been
arrested.
④She
sighed
with
relief
when
she
heard
the
good
news.
⑤The
pills
can
help
(to)_relieve
(relief)
you
from
pain.
10
(教材P13)They
might
be
sheltering
in
a
cave.
他们或许正躲在一个洞穴里面。
(1)take
shelter
from
躲避
(2)shelter
from
sth.
躲避
shelter...from...
庇护……免受……
[即学即用]
(1)The
trees
sheltered
the
town
from
the
sandstorm.
这些树木使得这座镇子免受沙尘暴。
(2)It
is
very
hard
to
take
shelter
from
animals
in
the
forest
at
night.
晚上在森林里面躲避动物是很难的。
(3)The
grandfather
sheltered_the_naughty_boy_from
being
scolded.
爷爷庇护这个淘气的男孩免受批评。
(4)If
you
have
no
umbrella,
you'd
better
find
a
cave
to
ake_shelter_from
rain.
如果你没有伞，最好找一个能避雨的洞穴。
deal
with
对待，对付，与……打交道；处理?事务?；与……相关，涉及；与……做生意
(教材P10)A
confident
person
is
someone
who
is
sure
that
he
or
she
can
do
something
or
deal
with
a
situation
successfully.
自信的人有把握成功地做好某事或应对困境。
That's/It's
a
deal！ 就这么办！/(交易)成交！
make
a
deal
with
sb.
与某人做成一笔交易
[辨析比较]
deal
with
deal是不及物动词，表示“如何处理”时，与how搭配
do
with
do
with中的do是及物动词，表示“如何处理”时，与what搭配
[即学即用]
(1)I'll
make
a
deal
with
you—you
wash
the
car
for
me
and
I'll
let
you
use
it
tonight.
我和你做个交易，你给我洗车，我让你今天晚上用车。
(2)—This
is
my
treat
and
next
is
yours.
How's
that?
—OK.
It's
a
deal.
——这次我请客，下次你再请，怎么样？
——好的，就这么定了。
(3)写出下列句中deal
with的含义
①His
work
experience
equipped
him
to
deal
with
all
kinds
of
people.
与……打交道
②His
article
deals
with
many
issues
we
are
greatly
concerned
about.
论及，涉及
③We
like
to
deal
with
that
company,
for
their
products
are
of
high
quality.
跟……做生意
④With
so
many
things
to
deal
with,
I
have
to
work
late
into
the
night.
处理
(4)完成句子
①I
don't
know
how
to
deal
with
the
problem.
→I
don't
know
what_to_do_with
the
problem.
②Only
if
we
take
steps
to
deal_with_this_problem
now
can
we
avoid
a
severe
worldwide
water
shortage
later
on.
现在只有采取措施解决这一问题，我们才能避免以后严重的世界性水资源短缺。
③I'll
make_a_deal_with_you
on
how
to
solve
the
disagreement.
就如何解决这个分歧我将和你达成协议。
2
(教材P11)She
used
to
work
at
Sea
World
but
she
prefers
the
independence
of
making
her
own
decisions.
她过去在海洋世界工作，但是她喜欢独立做出自己的决定。
used
to
do...结构，有两种基本含义：
(1)客观地表示过去的习惯或状态。
(2)强调过去与现在的对比，表明过去那样，现在不那样了，即“过去常常……”；其后既可接表示动作又可接表示状态的动词。
否定形式：used
not
to
do＝didn't
use
to
do
[联想归纳] would只表示过去的习惯(重复)动作，只讲过去，不涉及现在，其后接表示动作的动词。
[辨析比较]
used
to
do...
过去常常做……
be
used
to
do
sth.
被用于做某事
be/get
used
to
(doing)
sth.
习惯于(做)某事
[即学即用]
(1)“Do
you
play
golf？”
“No,
but
I
used
to.”
“你打高尔夫球吗？”“不打，但我过去打。”
(2)The
students
have
been_used_to
the
life
of
the
school.
学生们已经习惯于学校生活。
(3)Coal
is_used_to
make
electricity.
煤被用来发电。
(4)We
would
go
fishing
together
when
we
were
young.
我们小时候常常一起去钓鱼。
3
(教材P12)Or
they
could
have
gone
exploring
on
their
own
and
lost
their
way
back
to
the
group.
或许他们可能在独自探索可是却找不到归队的路了。
[即学即用]
(1)You
can't
expect
him
to
do
it
all
on
his
own.
你别想指望他自己完成这件事。
(2)Do
you
know
the
owner
of
the
car?
你知道这辆车是谁的吗？
(3)Ever
since
her
father's
death,
Mary
had
been
living
on_her_own.
自从玛丽的父亲去世后，她就独自一人生活。
(4)He
told
me
proudly
that
this
was
the
house
of_his_own.
他自豪地告诉我这所房子是他自己的。
4
(教材P13)A
mother
is
telling
her
son
off.
一位母亲正在责备她的儿子。
tell...apart 把……区分开
tell...from...
把……和……区分开
[即学即用]
(1)My
teacher
always
tells
me
off,
which
makes
me
very
unhappy.
我的老师总是责备我，这让我很不高兴。
(2)I
can't
ell
her
and
her
sister
apart.
They
are
much
alike.
我分不清她们姐妹俩，她们长得太像了。
(3)I
old
the
boys
off
for
making
so
much
noise.
男孩们太吵，我把他们训斥了一顿。
?教材P10?Which
student
believes
that
people
who
work
with
computers
are
not
athletic
but
they
have
to
be
creative？,哪个学生认为做计算机工作的人不善于运动，但必须很有创造力？
本句中not...but...译为“不是……，而是……”。
(1)not...but...不是……而是……，有两者对比的转折意思，用于连接两个并列的结构，如主语、表语和宾语等。
(2)当not...but...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般要与就近的主语保持人称和数的一致。即“就近原则”。类似用法的还有：either...or...,
neither...nor...;
not
only...but
also...等。
[即学即用]
(1)I'm
not
a
physician
but
a
nurse.
我不是内科医生，而是一名护士。
(2)The
value
of
life
is
not_what_you've_gained_but_what_you've_done.
生命的价值不在于你获得了什么，而在于你做了些什么。
(3)In
my
opinion,
not
you
but
he
is_to_blame
for
it.
在我看来，不是你而是他该受到责备。
I
dislike/hate
it
when... 我不喜欢……
I
like
it
when...
我喜欢……
I'd
appreciate
it
if...
如果……我将不胜感激
[即学即用]
(1)I
dislike
it
when
you
whistle.
我不爱听你吹口哨。
(2)We
really
appreciated_it_when
she
offered
to
help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
(3)I
hate_it_when
people
speak
with
their
mouths
full.
我讨厌人满嘴食物时讲话。
此句中hard
to
believe“形容词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质。
“宾语＋adj.＋to
do
sth.”结构中的形容词为表示难易等的形容词：hard，
difficult，
impossible，
easy，
convenient，
nice，
tough，
pleasant等。在这个结构中动词不定式中的动词与宾语有动宾关系，但使用主动形式。如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则需加上适当的介词。另外，这个结构还可在句中作表语。
[即学即用]
(1)Some
teachers
think
maths
difficult
for
some
students
to
study.
一些老师认为对有些学生来说数学很难学。
(2)单句语法填空
①The
problem
she
put
forward
at
the
meeting
is
necessary
o_work
(work)
out.
②We
find
Tom
very
difficult
to
get
along
with.
③I
find
the
air
in
the
morning
good
o_breathe
(breathe)．
?教材P12?I
saw
she
had
tears
running
down
her
cheeks
at
lunch
today
and
one
of
the
other
teachers
gave
her
a
hug.,今天午餐时我看见她泪流满面，另一个老师拥抱安慰她。
本句中主语为I，谓语为saw,
saw后面接了两个由and连接的并列宾语从句。在第一个宾语从句中，running
down
her
cheeks是现在分词短语作宾语补足语，构成have
sb./sth.
doing结构，意为“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，后接延续性动词。sb./sth.和do之间是主谓关系。
?1?have
sb./sth.
do
“使某人/物做……”，指一次性的具体动作。sb./sth.和do之间是主谓关系，该结构用于否定句时表示“容忍，允许”。
?2?have
sth.
done
“使某事被做，让某物遭受某事”，sth.和do之间是动宾关系。
?3?have
sth.
to
do
“有某事要做”，不定式作定语。
[即学即用]
(1)She
had
her
audience
listening
attentively.
她使听众听得入神。
(2)Mother
asks
me
to
eat
more
fruit
and
vegetables,
but
can't
have
me
eating
too
much
meat.
妈妈要求我多吃水果和蔬菜，但不允许我吃太多的肉。
(3)I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do
tonight.
今晚我有很多工作要做。
(4)单句语法填空
①Within
minutes
he
had
the
whole
audience
laughing
(laugh)
and
clapping.
②I'll
have
the
gardener
plant
(plant)
some
trees.
③I
had
my
watch
stolen
(steal)
yesterday
when
I
was
shopping.
?教材P12?Their
friends
are
really
upset
and
have
been
waiting
anxiously
for
more
news.
他们的朋友很不安，并且一直在焦急地等待更多的消息。
句中have
been
waiting为现在完成进行时，结构为：“have/has
been
doing”表示“某动作或状态从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在”。
时态
开始时间
动作完成情况
现在完成时
过去
已完成
现在完成进行时
过去
持续到现在，还在进行，有可能还要进行下去
[即学即用]
(1)I'm
very
tired,
for
I
have
been
working
all
day.
我很累，因为我一整天都在工作。
(2)The
man
has_been_looking_for
work
this
month.
这个月这名男子一直在找工作。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
desired
that
all
the
letters
(should)_be_burnt
(burn)
after
his
death.
2．The
young
soldier
got
wounded
(wound)
in
the
battle.
3．These
plants
must
be
sheltered
from
direct
sunlight.
4．He
arrived
an
hour
late
and
upset
(upset)
all
our
arrangements.
5．The
doctor
went
out
of
the
operation
room
with
relief
when
he
finished
the
operation
successfully.
6．It
was
a
great
satisfaction
(satisfy)
to
know
that
I
had
done
the
job
well.
7．Employment
gave
young
women
a
measure
of
economic
independence
(independent)．
8．Anne
sharpened
(sharp)
her
pencil
and
got
out
her
homework.
9．What
is
the
entrance
requirement
(require)
for
this
course?
10．We
may
rely
on
it
that
next
year
is
going
to
be
a
year
of
changes.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Mr
Lin,
please
don't
have_us_copying
these
new
words
again
and
again.
林老师，请别让我们一遍又一遍地抄写这些新单词。
2．Don't
find_fault_with
his
design.
After
all,
he
is
only
10
years
old.
不要挑剔他的设计。毕竟他只有10岁。
3．The
instructions
are
hard_for_us_to_follow.
这些指示我们很难遵从。
4．She
used_to_be_late_for_school.
But
now
she
doesn't
go
to
school
late
again.
她过去上学常常迟到，但现在她不再迟到了。
5．Our
classroom
is
so
dirty
that
it
requires
cleaning/to_be_cleaned.
我们的教室太脏了，需要打扫。
6．It
is
not_what_you_say_but_what_you_do
that
matters.
重要的不是你所说的，而是你所做的。
PAGEPeople
Section
Ⅲ Grammar
单元语法项目(一)——过去分词
[语法图解]
[观察]
①At
work,
it
is
IQ
that
gets
you
hired
but
it
is
EQ
that
gets
you
promoted.
②Supported
by
his
academic
research,
Professor
Salovey
suggests
that...
③People
are
often
mistaken
in
thinking
that
those
with
high
IQs
always
have
high
EQs
as
well.
④Professor
Mayer,
recognised
by
many
as
a
leading
expert
in...
⑤They
also
showed
a
better
understanding
of
the
disabled
students'
feelings
compared
to
students
who...
⑥Accused
of
stealing
money,
the
man
was
brought
to
court.
⑦You
pretend
to
be
interested.
⑧Seen
at
a
distance,
the
picture
looks
more
beautiful.
⑨When
asked
why
he
was
late,
he
went
red.
[发现]
(1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：
句①：宾语补足语；句④、句⑤：定语；句③、句⑦：表语；句②、句⑥、句⑧、句⑨：状语。
(2)句①中hired,
promoted与宾语you之间为逻辑上的被动关系/动宾关系。
(3)句③、句⑦中mistaken和interested为形容词化的过去分词，表示主语所处的
(被动)状态。
(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句⑥：
原因状语；句⑧：
条件状语；句⑨：
时间状语。
一、过去分词作定语
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词后。例如：
polluted
water被污染的水
death
caused
by
accidents由意外引起的死亡
a
broken
glass被打破的玻璃杯
a
glass
broken
by
the
boy被这个男孩打破的玻璃杯
(2)过去分词作定语与定语从句的互换。
过去分词作定语相当于一个定语从句，它是由定语从句省去主语和助动词而形成的，但它比定语从句更简洁。例如：
An
organized
trip
is
a
trip
(which
is)
organized
by
somebody
or
some
organizations.
有组织的旅行就是由某人或某些机构组织的旅行。
(3)现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别。
现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语修饰名词，它们的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上。
①在语态上不同：现在分词表“主动”，而过去分词表“被动”。例如：
surprising
news令人吃惊的消息
surprised
listeners吃惊的听众
②在时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。例如：
the
changing
world正在变化的世界
the
changed
world已经改变了的世界
[即学即用1]
(1)单句语法填空
①He
needs
a
qualified
(qualify)
doctor
to
help
him.
②Everything
used
(use)
should
be
marked.
(2)改错
①Is
there
anything
planning
for
tonight？planning改为planned
②The
exciting
people
rushed
into
the
building.exciting改为excited
二、过去分词作表语
(1)过去分词可放在系动词be,
get,
remain,
seem等后作表语，其用法相当于形容词。过去分词作表语时多表示主语的感受或所处的状态，其构成的复合谓语有时接近被动结构。
The
students
are
fully
prepared.
学生们已做好了充分的准备。
At
the
sight
of
the
moving
scene,
all
the
people
were
moved.
看到这么感人的情景，所有人都感动了。
I
feel
excited
just
thinking
about
it.
一想到它我就兴奋。
The
shop
has
remained
shut
for
a
week.
这家商店已关门一周了。
(2)系表结构与被动语态的区别：
“系动词＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，多与at/with/in...等介词短语连用；表示一个动作时，是被动语态，常用by...短语引出动作的执行者。如果句子带有时间状语、方式状语等，多数是被动语态。
My
glasses
are
broken.
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
My
glasses
were
broken
by
my
son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
The
library
is
closed.
图书馆关门了。(系表结构)
The
library
is
often
closed
at
6：30
in
the
afternoon.
图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)
[即学即用2]
单句语法填空
(1)The
boss
was
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
the
workers.
(2)The
game
was
very
exciting,_and
all
the
audience
became
excited.(excite)
(3)He
grew
much
ired
(tire)
of
the
work.
(4)The
shop
on
the
corner
has
stayed
closed
(close)
for
two
days.
(5)We
are
pleased
(please)
to
see
you
here.
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼有。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。例如：
She
found
the
door
broken
into
when
she
came
back.
她回来时发现有人破门而入。
过去分词作宾语补足语常见的句式：
(1)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等后面。
They
kept
the
door
locked
for
a
long
time.
他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
(2)“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义。
①表示“让某人做某事”。
I
have
had
my
bike
repaired.
我让人修了我的自行车。
②表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。
My
elder
sister
had
her
wallet
stolen
on
a
bus
last
month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(3)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词的动词必须表示结果。
I
raised
my
voice
to
make
myself
heard.
我提高了嗓门以便被别人听到。
(4)过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen
to，feel，find等后面。
When
we
got
to
school,
we
saw
the
door
locked.
当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
(5)过去分词用在want,
wish,
like,
order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
I
want
the
suit
made
to
his
own
measure.
我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
(6)过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
With
many
brightly－colored
flowers
planted
around
the
building,
his
house
looks
like
a
beautiful
garden.
楼周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
[即学即用3]
单句语法填空
(1)You
should
make
your
views
known
(know)
to
the
public.
(2)Tom
must
get
his
bike
repaired
(repair)．
(3)We
considered
the
matter
settled
(settle)．
(4)He
was
trying
to
make
himself
understood
(understand)．
(5)Ten
years
later,
he
returned
and
found
everything
changed
(change)．
四、过去分词作状语
(1)过去分词作状语时，常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步等含义，相当于一个状语从句，一般用逗号同其他成分隔开。过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子主语一致，与句子主语是被动关系。过去分词表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，或者与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生。
Seen
from
the
tower,
the
city
looks
beautiful.
从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(作时间状语)
Caught
in
a
heavy
rain,
he
was
all
wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(作原因状语)
Grown
in
rich
soil,
these
seeds
can
grow
fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(作条件状语)
Exhausted
by
the
running,
they
went
on
running
after
the
robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(作让步状语)
The
old
man
went
into
the
room,
supported
by
his
wife.
那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。(作方式状语)
He
went
into
the
office,
followed
by
some
children.
他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(作伴随状语)
(2)过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系。
过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致，两者之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系；如果不一致，过去分词前必须加上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
Given
more
time，I
could
have
solved
that
puzzle.
多给我一点儿时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系)
Everything
done,
we
went
home.
一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。(done的逻辑主语为everything，不是句子的主语we)
(3)过去分词与现在分词完成时的被动语态having
been
done的区别。
①相同点：都可以作状语，都表示被动、完成两种关系。
②不同点：作状语时，having
been
done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；过去分词可作定语而having
been
done一般不作定语。
Having
been
told
how
to
do
it,
Tom
finished
the
work
easily.
被告诉如何做之后，汤姆很轻松地完成了工作。(强调先告诉后完成)
Given
more
time,
he
would
be
able
to
do
better.
假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(不强调时间先后)
[即学即用4]
单句语法填空
(1)Compared
(compare)
to
what
you
have
done,
what
I
have
done
isn't
worth
mentioning.
(2)Laughed
(laugh)
at
by
many
people,
he
continued
his
research.
(3)When
asked
(ask)
if
he
had
any
drugs
with
him,
he
claimed
he
was
clean.
(4)Lost
(lose)
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
the
car.
(5)Unless
invited
(invite),
I
won't
attend
the
get－together.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
Whites
live
in
a
house
built
(build)
more
than
a
century
ago.
2．The
judge
made
the
final
decision
after
listening
to
the
opinions
of
each
party
involved
(involve)．
3．It
is
one
of
the
funniest
things
found
(find)
on
the
Internet
so
far
this
year.
4．Please
remain
seated
(seat);
the
winner
of
the
prize
will
be
announced
soon.
5．The
question
was
so
difficult
to
answer,
and
the
students
looked
puzzled
(puzzle)．
6．John
had
his
leg
wounded
(wound)
when
trying
to
save
a
boy
from
a
fire.
7．They
discussed
the
plan
that
they
would
like
to
see
carried
(carry)
out
the
next
year.
8.
Put
(put)
to
use
last
month,
the
new
machine
has
been
solving
the
problems
easily.
9.
Filled
(fill)
up
with
old
furniture,
the
house
appears
to
be
in
a
mess.
10．Once
programmed
(program)
what
to
do,
the
computers
show
extraordinary
power
to
do
a
great
deal.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．When
the
park
is
seen
from
the
hill,
the
park
looks
more
beautiful.
→Seen_from_the_hill,_the
park
looks
more
beautiful.
2．Though
they
were
beaten
by
the
opposite
team,
the
players
were
not
discouraged
and
practised
even
harder.
→Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the
players
were
not
discouraged
and
practised
even
harder.
3．The
book
given
to
him
is
an
English
novel.
→The
book
hat/which_was_given_to_him
is
an
English
novel.
4．The
frightened
horse
ran
away
from
the
fire.
→The
horse
hat/which_was_frightened
ran
away
from
the
fire.
5．The
ship,
which
was
hit
by
a
huge
piece
of
iceberg,
came
to
a
sudden
stop.
→The
ship,
hit_by
a
huge
piece
of
iceberg,
came
to
a
sudden
stop.
6．Given
a
few
minutes,
I'll
finish
it.
→If_I_am_given
a
few
minutes,
I'll
finish
it.
单元语法项目(二)——情态动词表示推测
[语法图解]
[观察]
①I
think
my
French
tutor
might
know
one
of
them.
②They
might
be
sheltering
in
a
cave.
③They
might
have
fallen
behind.
④He
looks
upset.
He
must
be
having
some
problems.
⑤You
can't
have
failed
the
exam.
⑥I
think
the
old
woman
must
be
a
nice
person.
⑦You
are
wet
enough.
You
must
have
got
caught
in
the
rain.
⑧He
can't
be
home
now.
He
just
left
five
minutes
ago.
⑨Can
he
have
lost
his
key?
⑩He
can't
be
playing
basketball.
The
teacher
is
talking
to
him
about
his
homework.
[发现]
(1)must表示非常有把握的推测，意为“一定
”；
(2)may/might表示有一定可能的推测，意为“可能，大概，也许”。
(3)can't/couldn't表示否定推测，意为“不可能
”。
表示推测的情态动词
情态动词可用来表示推测，常见的有can/could,
may/might,
must,
should等。
一、对现在情况的推测
表示对现在情况的推测用“情态动词＋动词原形”形式，其具体用法如下：
You
must
have
the
wrong
number.
There
is
no
such
person.
你一定是搞错了号码，这里没有这么个人。
Accident
can
happen
to
any
drunken
driver.
醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。
Most
accidents
in
the
home
could
be
prevented.
大多数家庭意外事故都是可以避免的。
John
is
absent.
He
may/might
be
ill.
约翰没来，他可能病了。
She
usually
gets
up
very
early.
She
can't
miss
the
bus.
她通常都起得很早，不可能误了公交车。
He
may/might
not
be
at
home.
他可能不在家。
It's
already
ten.
She
promised
to
come
by
ten.
She
should
be
here
at
any
moment.
已经10点了，她答应10点来的。她随时都可能到。
[即学即用1]
单句语法填空
(1)It
can't/couldn't
be
the
headmaster.
He
has
gone
to
America.
(2)I
always
see
this
old
man
at
the
gate
of
our
school.
He
must
live
nearby.
(3)I
haven't
decided
where
I'm
going
for
my
holiday.
I
may
go
to
Australia.
(4)Life
is
unpredictable;
even
the
poorest
might
become
the
richest.
(5)It's
nearly
seven
o'clock.
Jack
should
be
here
at
any
moment.
二、对过去情况的推测
表示对过去情况的推测，常用“情态动词＋have
done”形式，其具体用法如下：
形式
用法
意义
must
have
done
表示对过去情况的肯定推测
肯定做过……
may/might(not)
have
表示对已经发生的事情可能性不大的推测
可能(没)做过……
can/could
not
have
done
表示对过去不可能发生的事情的推测
一定没做过……
The
light
is
on.
We
must
have
forgotten
to
turn
it
off
last
night.
灯还亮着，我们昨晚一定是忘记关上了。
I
didn't
hear
the
phone.
I
must
have
been
asleep.
我没有听到电话声，我一定是睡着了。
John
may/might
not
have
passed
the
exam;
he
looks
very
sad.
约翰可能没有通过考试，他看起来很难过。
She
can't/couldn't
have
gone
to
bed,
for
the
light
in
her
room
is
still
on.
她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。
Can/Could
he
have
passed
the
exam?
他可能通过考试了吗？
[即学即用2]
单句语法填空
(1)Since
nobody
gave
him
any
help,
he
must
have
done
the
research
on
his
own.
(2)He
can't/couldn't
have
gone
to
Shanghai
for
I
saw
him
a
minute
ago.
(3)From
what
Tom
said
just
now,
he
may/might
have
heard
of
it
from
Mary.
三、“情态动词＋be
doing”可以表示对现在正在发生的情况的推测
The
little
boy
might
be
sleeping
this
time
of
day.
那个小男孩儿这个时间可能正在睡觉。
He
must
be
watching
TV
now.
他现在一定正在看电视。
四、“情态动词＋have
done”还可表示虚拟
(1)“could＋have
done”表示“本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作”，常用于肯定句。
He
could
have
passed
the
exam,
but
he
was
too
careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
(2)“would/wouldn't＋have
done”表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会/不会做……”。
Without
your
help,
I
wouldn't
have
achieved
so
much.
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此好的成绩的。
(3)“need/needn't＋have
done”表示“本来需要/不需要做某事而没有做/做了”。
I
needn't
have
bought
so
much
wine,
because
only
five
people
came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，因为只来了五个人。
(4)“should/shouldn't＋have
done”表示“本来应该/不应该做某事，而实际没做/做了”。
Tom,
you
are
too
lazy.
The
work
should
have
been
finished
yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
(5)“may/might＋have
done”表示“过去某事本可能发生而实际上却并没发生”。
He
may/might
have
given
you
more
help,
but
he
was
very
busy.
他本来可以给你更多帮助的，但是他很忙。
[即学即用3]
完成句子
(1)We
could_have_walked
to
the
station,
because
it
was
so
near.
我们本来是可以走到车站去的，因为路很近。
(2)If
we
had
taken
the
other
road,
we
might_have_arrived
earlier.
如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。
(3)At
this
moment,
our
teacher
must_be_correcting
our
exam
papers.
这个时候，我们的老师想必正在批改我们的试卷。
(4)We
shouldn't_have_waited_for
her
because
she
never
came.
我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。
(5)I
would_have_helped
you,
but
I
was
too
busy.
我本想帮你，但我太忙了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You
haven't
eaten
anything
since
morning;
you
must
be
hungry.
2．—Waiter!
How
soon
can
I
get
my
food?
I
just
have
half
an
hour
left
before
my
train
leaves.
—It
should
be
ready
in
five
minutes.
3．—What
are
you
doing,
John?
Why
stop?
—To
be
on
the
safe
side,
we
should
fill
up
the
tank
now
for
we
might
run
out
of
gas
on
the
way.
4．—Is
there
any
flight
to
New
York?
—I
think
there
can't
be,
for
it
is
snowing
so
heavily.
5．He
must
have
completed
his
work;
otherwise,
he
wouldn't
be
enjoying
himself
by
the
seaside.
6．The
accident
could/might_have_been
(be)
caused
by
a
dog
running
across
the
road,
but
we
don't
know
for
sure.
7．It
couldn't
be
the
vocabulary
that
caused
you
the
problem
in
the
exercise
because
you
know
a
lot
of
words.
8．—Why
are
your
eyes
so
red?
You
can't/couldn't
have
slept
well
last
night.
—Yeah,
I
stayed
up
late
writing
a
report.
9．—What
are
you
doing
this
Saturday?
—I'm
not
sure,
but
I
might
go
to
the
Rolling
Stones
concert.
10．Harry
is
feeling
uncomfortable.
He
must_have_drunk
(drink)
too
much
at
the
party
last
night.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I
needn't_have_booked
in
advance;
there
were
plenty
of
tickets
left.
我本来没必要提前订票，还有很多剩余的。
2．Who
can/could_it_be
at
the
door?
Can/Could_it_be
Tom?
门口会是谁呢？会是汤姆吗？
3．He
can
speak
English
very
fluently.
He
may_have_studied_English_abroad.
他能讲非常流利的英语。他也许在国外学习过英语。
4．He
must_have_taken
the
book
away
since
it
isn't
here.
他一定是把书拿走了，因为书已不在这里了。
5．It
should_be
the
rainy
season
now
according
to
the
solar
terms.
根据节气现在应该是雨季了。
6．This
kind
of
thing
can_happen
every
now
and
then.
这种事情是随时可能发生的。
7．He
may/might_be_writing
a
letter
now,
but
I'm
not
sure.
他有可能现在正在写信，但是我不确定。
8．I
didn't
see
her
at
the
meeting
this
morning;
she
can't/couldn't_have_spoken
at
the
meeting.
今天上午我在会议上没见到她，她不可能在会上发言。
PAGEPeople
Section
Ⅳ Lesson
4
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．button
n.
纽扣
2．section
n.
部分
3．glance
vi.
瞥一眼
4．sigh
vi.
叹息，叹气
5．glare
vi.
怒视，瞪
6．steam
n.
蒸汽
7．grateful
adj.
感激的，感谢的→gratefully
adv.
感激地；感谢地
8．guilty
adj.
不安的；有罪的→guilt
n.
犯罪；罪行
9．account
n.
(银行)账户→accountant
n.
会计
10．allergic
adj.
过敏的→allergy
n.
过敏(症)
11．anxiety
n.
忧虑，担心→anxious
adj.
焦虑的，担心的
12．revision
n.
复习→revise
v.
复习
13．oral
adj.
口头的，口述的→orally
adv.
口头上
14．literary
adj.
喜爱文学的→literature
n.
文学
15．confirm
v.
证实→confirmation
n.
证实
16．librarian
n.
图书馆管理员→library
n.
图书馆
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．be_allergic_to
对……过敏
2．o_be_honest
说实话
3．he_first_time
第一次
4．glare_at
怒视
5．read_between_the_lines
明白字里行间的意思
6．pick
up
拾起，拿起
7．can't
help
doing
sth.禁不住要做某事
8．figure
out
计算出；理解
9．thanks
to
多亏，由于
10．get
along
(with)相处；进展
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．the
first
time引导时间状语从句
he_first_time
I
met
Tom,
he
seemed
to
be
allergic
to
everything.
我第一次见到汤姆时，他似乎对一切都很敏感。
2.状语从句的省略
If_necessary,_look
them
up
in
a
dictionary.
如果必要的话，在词典中查一下它们。
3．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
I
was
getting
more
and
more
annoyed
and
of
course,
he_more
upset
I
got,
he_less
I
was
able
to
concentrate.
我变得越来越心烦意乱，当然我越烦就越难集中精力。
4．with复合结构
She
was
standing
with_a_book_in_her_hands
near
the
“English
Literature”
section.
她手里拿着一本书，站在“英语文学”类图书旁。
5．that引导的名词性从句
The
fact
hat
she
looked
like
a
sensitive,
friendly
girl
didn't
matter.
If
anything,
it
made
me
even
angrier.
她看起来是个善解人意、友善的女孩，但这无济于事，却平添了我几分怒气。
1.v.＋－ion→n.
①revision复习 ②devotion奉献
③discussion讨论
④action行为，活动
⑤conduction传导
2．v.＋at→动词短语
①glare
at怒视
②glance
at浏览，扫一眼
③laugh
at嘲笑
④smile
at向……微笑
⑤aim
at瞄准
3．常见以a?开头的表语形容词
①alike
adj.
相像的
②alone单独的
③asleep睡着的
④awake醒着的
⑤alive活着的
课文预读
The
day
that
I
met
my
best
friend
for
the
first
time,
I
was
full
of
anxiety①.
I
was
trying
to
do
some
revision②
for
an
important
oral③
exam
in
the
local
library
and
people
kept
disturbing④
me.
I
was
getting
more
and
more
annoyed⑤
and
of
course,
the
more
upset
I
got,
the
less
I
was
able
to
concentrate.
The
last
straw⑥
was
when
I
heard
someone
singing
behind
me.
The
singing
was
so
loud
that
I
could
even
recognise
the
song!
I
turned
around⑦
and
glared⑧
at
the
person
who
was
singing.
It
was
a
tall
girl
about
the
same
age
as
me
and
she
had
a
big
smile
on
her
face.
She
was
standing
with
a
book
in
her
hands
near
the
“English
Literature”
section⑨.
She
looked
like
a
literary⑩
type
and
seemed
very
interested
in
what
she
was
reading.
I
glanced?
at
the
book's
cover?.
It
was
a
book
of
Tennyson's
poems.
The
fact
that
she
looked
like
a
sensitive?，
friendly
girl
didn't
matter.
If
anything,
it
made
me
even?
angrier.
“How
could
she
be
so
selfish？”
I
thought
angrily.
In
fact,
I'm
surprised?
there
wasn't
steam?
coming
out
of?
my
ears!
I
picked
up
my
books,
glared
at
her
and
whispered?
angrily,
“Thanks
to?
your
noise,
I've
been
unable
to
study.
You're
so
selfish！”
I
still
hate
thinking
of
that
moment.
Let
me
tell
you
the
rest
of
the
story
though?.
①anxiety/??'za??ti/n.
忧虑，担心
②revision/rI'vI??n/n.
复习
③oral/'??r?l/adj.
口头的，口述的
④disturb/dI'st??b/v.
搅乱，干扰
disturb强调令人不安，而interrupt强调打断别人正在做的事情使之不能继续。
⑤annoyed/?'n?Id/adj.
恼怒的，生气的
※the
more...the
less...越……越不……
⑥straw/str??/n.
稻草，麦秆
the
last
straw(一系列烦恼、打击之外)最后使人受不了的事
※so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。
⑦turn
around转身
turn
up出现
turn
down减弱；调低；拒绝
turn
out结果是，证明是
⑧glare/ɡle?/vi.
怒视，瞪
※who
was
singing是who引导的定语从句，修饰the
person,
who是关系代词。
※with＋宾语＋宾语补足语(介词短语)，在这里作伴随状语。
⑨section/'sek??n/n.
部分
⑩literary/'lIt?r?ri/adj.
喜爱文学的
?glance/ɡlɑ?ns/vi.
瞥一眼
?cover
n.
封面，封皮 v.
覆盖
?sensitive/'sens?tIv/adj.
体贴的，体恤的
※that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。
?even
adv.
修饰形容词或副词的比较级，起加强语气的作用。
?surprised/s?'praIzd/adj.
惊讶的；感到意外的
?steam/sti?m/n.
蒸汽
?come
out
of...从……出来
?whisper/'wIsp?(r)/v.
低语，耳语
?thanks
to
由于，因为
?though
adv.
然而，不过
though用作副词时，尤用于句末补充说明。[第1～4段译文]
第一次遇到我最好的朋友那天，我的心情特别焦虑。我正在当地图书馆里复习，准备一门重要的口语考试，有人不停地干扰我。我变得越来越心烦意乱，当然了，我越烦就越难集中精力。当我听到背后有人唱歌时，我的忍耐到了极限。这声音如此大以至于我都能听出唱的是哪首歌！我扭过头，怒视着唱歌的人。那是一个和我年龄相仿的高个子女孩，她的脸上带着开心的笑容。她手里拿着一本书，站在英国文学类图书区附近。她看起来像喜欢文学的类型，似乎对正读着的那本书很感兴趣。我瞥了一眼书的封面，那是一本丁尼生诗集。
她看起来是个善解人意、友善的女孩，但这无济于事，反而令我更加恼火。“她怎么能这样自私呢？”我生气地想。事实上，我那时已经有点火冒三丈了！
我抓起自己的书，怒气冲冲地盯着她低语道：“由于你的噪音，我没法学习了。你真是太自私了！”
我现在仍然不愿意回想当时的情景。不过，我还是讲一下后来发生的事吧。
Because
I
left
the
library
in
such
a
hurry,
I
left
my
most
important
textbook
behind.
It
was
only
when
I
got
home
two
hours
later
that
I
realised
I'd
forgotten
it
and
there
was
nothing
I
could
do
as
the
library
was
closed.
I
was
so
upset
that
I
almost
cried.
Just
then,
the
phone
rang.
I
answered
it
and
a
gentle
voice
introduced
the
speaker
as
Jenny
and
asked
if
I
was
Jane.
After
confirming
that
I
was,
Jenny
said
that
she
had
noticed
I'd
left
my
book
in
the
library
and
as
my
name
was
in
it,
she'd
asked
a
librarian
to
get
my
phone
number
from
their
files.
She
said
that
she
didn't
live
far
away
and
could
bring
it
around
for
me
if
I
needed
it.
※Because
I
left
the
library
in
such
a
hurry是一个because引导的原因状语从句。
leave...behind把……抛在后面，遗留，忘带
realise/'ri??laIz/v.
意识到，领会；实现
※It
was
only
when
I
got
home
two
hours
later
that
I
realised
I'd
forgotten
it是强调句，被强调的是when引导的时间状语从句。
※as“因为，由于”，在这里引导原因状语从句。
confirm/k?n'f??m/v.
证实
notice
v.
&
n.
注意
take
notice
of注意
bring
sth.
to
one's
notice使某人注意某事/某物
librarian/laI'bre?ri?n/n.
图书馆管理员
file/faIl/n.
档案，文件
far
away遥远
far
away用作表语或状语；faraway用作定语。
※if引导条件状语从句。[第5段译文]
因为我离开图书馆的时候太匆忙，以至于我把最重要的课本落在那儿了。直到两个小时后我回到家时才意识到把它忘了，可是已经无济于事了，因为图书馆已经关门了。我感到万分沮丧，真想哭一场。就在那时电话铃响了。我拿起电话，传来一个轻柔的声音，自我介绍说名叫珍妮，并问我是不是简。在确定我是以后，珍妮说她发现我把书落在了图书馆，因为书上有我的名字，她让图书馆管理员从档案中找到了我的电话号码。她说她住得不远，如果我需要，她可以给我送过来。
I
sighed
with
relief
and
agreed
to
meet
her
at
the
convenience
store
down
the
road.
I
was
so
grateful！
Of
course
you've
guessed
who
Jenny
was.
She
was
the
girl
I
had
shouted
at
for
singing.
When
I
recognised
her
in
the
convenience
store,
I
was
filled
with
shame
and
apologised
several
times
for
my
rude
behaviour.
I
felt
so
guilty，
but
Jenny
just
laughed
and
told
me
she
was
glad
to
see
that
I'd
also
left
my
glare
in
the
library!
I
couldn't
help
laughing
at
this
and
I
invited
her
back
to
my
apartment
for
a
quick
cup
of
tea.
We
got
along
really
well
and
ever
since
then
we've
been
best
friends.
We're
very
much
alike
and
we
tell
each
other
everything.
To
be
honest，
I
trust
her
more
than
anyone
else.
I
often
think
how
lucky
I
am.
If
Jenny
hadn't
been
a
kind
person
who
was
willing
to
forgive
my
shortcomings,
I
would
never
have
experienced
such
true
friendship.
sigh/saI/vi.
叹息，叹气
sign
n.
迹象
sight
n.
景象
with
relief松了一口气，如释重负
grateful/'ɡreItf?l/adj.
感激的，感谢的
be
grateful
to
sb.
for
sth.因某事感激某人
be
filled
with...充满了……
shame
n.
羞愧，羞耻
bring
shame
on...使……丢脸
feel
shame
at...因……而感到羞愧
to
one's
shame令某人感到羞愧的是
guilty/'ɡIlti/adj.
感到内疚的；有罪的
※该句是由but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句内含有省略了that的宾语从句she
was
glad
to
see...，该宾语从句中又含有另一个宾语从句，即that
I'd
also
left
my
glare
in
the
library。
can't
help
doing
sth.
禁不住做某事
can't
help
(to)
do
sth.
表示“不能帮助做某事”。
get
along
well相处融洽；相处得好
ever
since自……以后，从……起
alike/?'laIk/adj.
相像的
to
be
honest说实话
to
tell
sb.
the
truth向某人说实话
trust
v.
相信，信任 n.
信赖，信任
※If
Jenny
hadn't
been...I
would
never
have
experienced...是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。[第6～7段译文]
我如释重负，同意与她在这条街上的那家便利店里见面。我真的很感激她！当然你已经猜出珍妮是谁了，她就是在图书馆里因为唱歌的事情被我吼的那个女孩。我在便利店里认出她时羞愧极了，为自己的粗鲁行为连声道歉。我感到很内疚，但是珍妮笑了起来，并告诉我她很高兴看到我把自己的怒视也留在了图书馆！听了这话，我禁不住笑了起来，并邀请她到我的公寓里来喝杯茶。
我们相处得很好，并且从那以后我们就成了最好的朋友。我们俩非常相像，我们无话不谈。坦率地说，我对她比对任何人都信任。我常常想我真是太幸运了，要不是珍妮如此友善，愿意包容我的缺点，我就永远不会体验到如此真挚的友谊。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Ⅰ.The
text
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．first
impressions
are
very
important
B．first
impressions
can
be
helpful
in
judging
correctly
a
person
C．a
story
of
the
friendship
between
the
writer
and
the
girl
D．the
writer's
experience
with
a
girl
who
later
became
the
writer's
friend
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read
the
passage
and
then
pick
out
the
events
that
are
mentioned
in
the
text.
①Jenny
came
to
library
for
revision.
②The
writer
and
Jenny
had
a
violent
quarrel
in
the
library.
③Jenny
telephoned
to
the
writer
to
give
her
the
book.
④The
writer
first
met
Jenny
and
thought
she
was
a
little
selfish.
⑤The
writer
was
still
angry
when
she
went
to
meet
Jenny.
⑥Jenny
forgave
the
writer's
shortcomings.
答案：③④⑥
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．The
writer
was
reading
poems
in
the
library.( F )
2．Jenny
might
like
reading
English
novels.( F )
3．Jenny
got
Jane's
phone
number
from
her
lost
book.( F )
4．When
the
writer
arrived
home,
she
immediately
realised
that
she
had
lost
the
textbook
in
the
library.( F )
5．From
the
story
we
know
that
the
writer's
impression
on
Jenny
was
decisive
in
getting
on
well
with
each
other.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
passage
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．Why
did
Jane
become
more
and
more
annoyed?
A．Because
she
was
facing
an
important
exam.
B．Because
she
was
too
tired
to
concentrate
on
study.
C．Because
she
wanted
to
listen
to
the
song.
D．Because
some
people
in
the
library
kept
disturbing
her.
答案：D
2．When
Jane
turned
around
and
glared
at
Jenny,
she
was
________.
A．practicing
singing
B．reading
a
book
of
poems
C．laughing
at
Jane
D．glaring
at
Jane
答案：B
3．What's
Jane's
first
impression
on
Jenny?
A．Sensitive.
B．Selfish.
C．Friendly.
D．Selfless.
答案：B
4．Jane
didn't
go
back
to
take
her
book
because
________.
A．she
forgot
it
B．she
was
busy
C．the
library
was
closed
D．the
book
was
taken
away
by
others
答案：C
5．From
the
last
paragraph
we
can
know
that
________.
A．Jenny
helped
Jane
a
lot
B．Jane
and
Jenny
are
true
friends
now
C．they
don't
trust
each
other
D．Jenny
was
more
lucky
than
Jane
答案：B
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
The
day
that
I
met
my
best
friend
for
the
first
time,
I
was
full
of
__1__
(anxious).
I
was
trying
to
do
some
revision
for
an
important
oral
exam
in
the
local
library
and
people
kept
__2__
(disturb)
me.
The
last
straw
was
when
I
heard
someone
who
was
a
tall
girl
about
the
same
age
as
me
__3__
(sing)
behind
me.
At
that
moment,
I
thought
she
was
inconsiderate
and
selfish.
Only
when
I
got
home
__4__
I
realise
that
I
left
my
most
important
textbook
behind,
because
I
left
the
library
in
such
a
hurry.
I
was
so
upset
__5__
I
almost
cried.
Just
then,
a
girl
__6__
(call)
Jenny
phoned
me
and
said
she
could
bring
it
around
for
me.
It
was
__7__
surprise
that
the
girl
was
the
one
I
had
shouted
at
for
singing.
I
felt
so
__8__
(guilt)
and
apologised
several
times
for
my
rude
behaviour.
We
got
along
__9__
(real)
well
and
ever
since
then
we've
been
best
friends.
From
the
experience
I
know
that
first
impression
is
untrue
sometimes
and
we
can't
judge
a
person
only
__10__
first
impression.
1．anxiety 2.disturbing 3.singing 4.did 5.hat
6．called 7.a 8.guilty 9.really 10.by
1
(教材P14)The
day
that
I
met
my
best
friend
for
the
first
time,
I
was
full
of
anxiety.
第一次遇到我最好的朋友那天，我的心情特别焦虑。
(1)anxiety
n．忧虑，担心，焦急；担心的事；渴望
feel
anxiety
about/over... 为……而担心
with
anxiety
焦虑地
(2)anxious
adj.
焦急的，担心的，渴望的
be
anxious
about/for
担心……
be
anxious
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
(3)anxiously
adv.
焦急地
[即学即用]
(1)The
mother
was
filled
with
anxiety
about/over
her
daughter's
English.
母亲对女儿的英语忧心忡忡。
(2)The
mice
fed
with
daytime
milk
were
more
anxious.
喂了白天产的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑一些。
(3)单句语法填空
①The
girl
is
anxious
o_go
(go)
to
college,
but
she
does
bad
in
her
lessons.
②When
I
arrived,
the
old
man
was
waiting
anxiously
(anxious)
by
the
phone.
③The
people
on
the
bank
were
anxious
(anxiety)
for
the
safety
of
the
drowning
boy.
④The
teacher
praised
her
for
her
anxiety
(anxious)
for
knowledge.
2
(教材P14)I
glanced
at
the
book's
cover.
我瞥了一眼书的封面。
glance
at
匆匆一瞥；浏览
glance
down/over/through
浏览；粗略地看
take/have
a
glance
at
匆匆看一眼
at
a
glance
一眼；(只)看一眼
at
first
glance
乍一看；乍看之下
[即学即用]
(1)Hearing
the
bell
ringing,
he
glanced
at
his
watch.
听到铃响，他匆匆看了一下手表。
(2)He
ook/had_a_glance_at
the
newspaper
headlines.
他匆匆看了一眼报纸的大标题。
(3)The
boy
glanced_through
the
book
and
decided
to
buy
it.
男孩浏览了那本书并决定买下它。
(4)At_first_glance
the
problem
seemed
very
easy.
乍一看问题似乎很简单。
[辨析比较]
glance
at
意为“瞥了一眼，看了一眼”，强调动作十分迅速或者不经意地一瞥
glare
at
意为“怒视”，强调带有愤怒或恐吓等感彩
stare
at
意为“凝视，盯着……看”，强调动作的持续性
[即学即用] 选用上述短语填空
(5)He
glanced_at
the
pretty
girl
across
the
table.
他瞥了一眼桌子对面的那个漂亮女孩。
(6)It
is
impolite
for
you
to
stare_at
a
person
in
public.
你在公共场合盯着人看是不礼貌的。
(7)The
two
boys
stood
there,
glaring_at
each
other.
A
fight
was
going
to
occur.
两个男孩站在那里怒视着对方。一场架就要发生。
3
(教材P14)After
confirming
that
I
was,
Jenny
said
that
she
had
noticed
I'd
left
my
book
in
the
library
and
as
my
name
was
in
it,
she'd
asked
a
librarian
to
get
my
phone
number
from
their
files.
在确定我是简后，詹妮说她发现我把书留在了图书馆，因为书上有我的名字，她让图书管理员从档案中找到了我的电话号码。
confirm
sth./that从句/wh－从句 证实……
It
has
been
confirmed
that...
已经确定……
[即学即用]
(1)I
just
want
to
confirm
that
the
arrangements
have
been
made.
我要确认所有计划都安排好了。
(2)It_has_been_confirmed_that
the
president
will
visit
the
US
the
following
month.
那位总统下月将访问美国已得到证实。
(3)Didi
confirmed_that
it
would
partly
take
over
the
running
of
failed
bike－sharing
company
Bluegogo's
services.
滴滴证实，它将部分接管倒闭的共享单车公司小蓝单车的服务运营。
4
(教材P14)I
was
so
grateful!
我非常感激(她)。
(1)be
grateful
to
sb.
for
sth. 因为某事感谢某人
be
grateful
that从句
感谢……
thankful
adj.
感谢的，感激的
(2)gratefully
adv.
感谢地，感激地
[即学即用]
(1)As
students,
we
are
supposed
to
be
grateful
to
our
parents
for
their
selfless
devotion
to
our
growth.
作为学生，我们应该感谢父母为我们的成长(做出的)无私奉献。
(2)They
were
grateful
that
you
gave
them
a
hand
in
trouble.
他们感激你在困难时给他们的帮助。
(3)单句语法填空
The
survivors
were
grateful
o
the
villagers
for
their
timely
help.
5
(教材P14)I
felt
so
guilty,
but
Jenny
just
laughed
and
told
me
she
was
glad
to
see
that
I'd
also
left
my
glare
in
the
library!
我感到很内疚，但是珍妮笑了起来，并告诉我她很高兴看到我把自己的怒视也留在了图书馆！
be/feel
guilty
about/at
(doing)．..因(做)……而不安/内疚
be
guilty
of 犯有……罪或过失
guilt
n.
有罪；罪行；内疚
[即学即用]
(1)They
feel
guilty
about
not
being
able
to
see
their
son
often.
他们因不能经常去看望儿子而感到内疚。
(2)The
man
admitted
that
he
was
guilty
of
murder.
那名男子承认他犯了谋杀罪。
(3)单句语法填空
①A
lot
of
women
feel
guilty
(guilt)
about
leaving
their
children
alone
or
with
another
person.
②The
singer
admitted
that
he
was
guilty
of
drunk
driving.
account
n.
&
vi.
账目，账户；叙述；描写；说明；作出解释；提出理由
The
boy
gave
his
father
an
account
of
the
game.
那个男孩向他父亲描述比赛的情形。
(1)on
account
of＝because
of 由于，因为
on
no
account
决不
take
account
of＝take...into
account
考虑
(2)account
for说明(原因等)；是……的原因；占……(比例)
[即学即用]
(1)On
account
of
lack
of
human
protection,
the
number
of
Yangtze
Finless
Porpoise
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller.
由于缺少人类的保护，中国长江江豚的数量在逐渐减少。
(2)On
no
account
will
we
accept
such
an
agreement!
我们决不接受这样的条约！
(3)The
poor
weather
may
have
accounted
for
the
small
crowd.
天气不好可能是人少的原因。
(4)We
should
ake_his_health_into_account/take_account_of_his_health
and
then
make
a
decision.
我们应该先考虑他的健康状况，然后再做决定。
(5)单句语法填空
①On
no
account
can
you
give
up
your
dream
whatever
happens.
②He
had
to
leave
his
basketball
team
on
account
of
his
injured
legs.
③They
now
need
to
take
the
extent
of
firms'
data
assets
(资产)
into
account
when
assessing
the
impact
of
deals.
④Recent
pressure
at
work
may
account
for
his
behaviour.
[联想归纳] 其他表示“决不”的短语有：on
no
condition,
in
no
case,
in
no
way,
in
no
circumstances,
by
no
means。当它们放于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
1
(教材P14)I
picked
up
my
book,
glared
at
her
and
whispered
angrily,
“Thanks
to
your
noise,
I've
been
unable
to
study...”
我拿起自己的书，怒气冲冲地盯着她说：“由于你的噪音，我根本没法学习……”
?1?pick
up拾起，捡起；?用车辆?去接?某人?，?在中途?搭载；?从收音机里?收到，接收；?情况等?好转，改进，提高；偶然找到，偶然学会或获得；恢复?健康?；?偶尔?结识，认识；回到?本题?
?2?pick
out 挑出；挑选出
[即学即用]
(1)My
wife
picks
the
baby
up
whenever
it
cries.
每次婴儿一哭，我妻子就把他抱起来。
(2)He
stopped
the
car
to
pick
up
an
old
man.
他停下来让一位老人搭车。
(3)I
vote
that
you
try
to
pick
out
the
trail
for
us.
我提议由你来选我们该走哪条小路。
(4)写出下列句中pick
up的含义
①He
picked
up
his
cap
and
ran
away
quickly.
捡起
②My
friend
began
to
pick
up
after
staying
in
hospital
for
several
days.
好转
③Let's
pick
up
where
we
left
off
yesterday.
回到(本题)
④We
were
able
to
pick
up
the
BBC
World
Service.
接收(信号、声音、图像等)
⑤The
bus
picks
up
passengers
outside
the
airport.
让人乘车；搭载
⑥She
picked
up
Spanish
when
she
was
living
in
Mexico.
偶然学会或获得
2
(教材P14)I
couldn't
help
laughing
at
this
and
I
invited
her
back
to
my
apartment
for
a
quick
cup
of
tea.
我禁不住笑了起来，并邀请她到我的公寓里来喝杯茶。
(1)can't
help(it) 没有办法，控制不了
can't(help)but
do
sth.
不能不，只好做某事
can't
help
(to)
do
sth.
不能帮助做某事
(2)help
sb.
out
(of)
帮助某人摆脱……困境
help
oneself
to
sth.
自用(食物)；擅自取用
[即学即用]
(1)I
can't
help
thinking
that
we've
made
a
big
mistake.
我不禁想到我们已经犯了一个大错误。
(2)My
friend
couldn't
help
(to)
pick
me
up,
so
I
had
to
take
a
taxi.
我的朋友不能帮忙来接我，所以我不得不打了个车。
(3)As
he
is
my
best
friend,
when
I
am
in
trouble
he
will
certainly
help
me
out.
因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。
(4)单句语法填空
①She
can't
help
(to)_clean
(clean)
the
house
because
she
is
busy
making
a
cake.
②When
he
goes
back
to
his
hometown,
he
can't
help
remembering
(remember)
his
childhood.
③With
so
much
work
to
do,
he
can't
help
but
ask
(ask)
his
friend
for
help.
④I
can't
work
out
this
math
problem,
please
help
me
out.
⑤We
can't
help
it
if
he
doesn't
turn
up.
?教材P14?The
first
time
I
met
Tom，
he
seemed
to
be
allergic
to
everything.,我第一次见到汤姆时，他似乎对一切都很敏感。
?1?the
first
time可以起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
?2?any/next/the
last
time意为“任何时候/下一次/最后一次”，也可以引导时间状语从句。
?3?the
moment，
the
minute，
the
second，
the
instant，
immediately，
directly，
instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
?4?for
the
first
time第一次，在句中作状语。
[即学即用]
(1)I
knew
we
would
be
good
friends
the
first
time
I
met
her.
第一次见到她我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
(2)She
came
to
the
scene
he_moment
she
heard
of
the
accident.
她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。
(3)he_last_time
we
talked
he
said
he
needed
another
two
days.
上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。
(4)I
went
to
see
a
baseball
game
for_the_first_time
last
Saturday.
上星期六我第一次去看棒球赛。
?教材P14?The
fact
that
she
looked
like
a
sensitive，
friendly
girl
didn't
matter.
If
anything，
it
made
me
even
angrier.
她看起来是个善解人意、友善的女孩，但这无济于事，却平添了我几分怒气。
(一)第一句的主干部分是The
fact
didn't
matter;
that所引导的是一个同位语从句。
同位语紧跟在名词之后，常用逗号隔开，说明该名词的具体内容；同位语从句与定语从句结构相似：同位语从句是用来解释先行词的内容的，连接词that没有意义；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，说明其性质和特征的，that用以指代先行词。
[即学即用]
(1)There
was
a
suggestion
that
Brown
should
be
dropped
from
the
team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
(2)Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself?
你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？
(3)单句语法填空
①Word
comes
hat
free
souvenirs
will
be
given
to
whoever
comes
first.
②What
is
the
first
American
film
hat
you
have
seen?
(二)if
anything一般用于否定句后，意为“如果有什么区别的话，如果有什么的话”，此处表示“相反”。
[即学即用]
(1)Her
family,
if
anything,
was
richer
than
mine.
要说有什么区别的话，她家比我家有钱。
(2)Correct
the
errors
in
the
following
sentences,
if_any.
如果下列句子中有错，请改正。
(3)The
island
is
seldom,
if_ever,_visited
by
ships.
这个岛难得有船停靠。
(4)If_possible,_I
shall
fly
to
Beijing
tomorrow
on
business.
如果可能，我将于明天飞往北京出差。
(5)Do
you
have
a
free
evening
tonight?
If_so,_let's
have
dinner
together.
你今天晚上有空吗？如果有的话，我们一起吃晚饭吧。
She
was
standing
with
a
book
in
her
hands
near
the
“English
Literature”
section.,她手里拿着一本书，站在英国文学类图书区附近。
with
a
book
in
her
hands是with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。with复合结构的常见形式如下：
[即学即用]
(1)With
the
floor
wet,
I
had
to
stay
outside.
由于地板潮湿，我只得待在屋外。
(2)The
old
man
walked
slowly
with
a
bag
on
his
back.
背着一个包，这位老人走得很慢。
(3)单句语法填空
①The
woman,
with
a
baby
sleeping
(sleep)
in
her
arms,
was
wandering
in
the
street.
②The
young
man
was
brought
into
the
room
with
his
hands
ied
(tie)
behind
his
back.
③With
so
many
things
o_deal
(deal)
with,
I
can't
go
on
holiday
with
you.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
was
grateful
o
Tom
for
all
that
he
had
done.
2．The
exam
draws
near.
Have
you
started
your
revision
(revise)
yet?
3．The
little
baby
is
allergic
o
this
kind
of
flowers.
4．The
clerk
gave
me
a
call
o_confirm
(confirm)
my
reservation.
5．How
can
you
account
for
the
accident?
6．Seeing
the
woman
crying
sadly,
the
girl
felt
a
little
guilty
(guilt)．
7.
At
first
glance,
he
is
easy
to
get
along
with.
8．With
the
boy
leading
(lead)
the
way,
we
found
the
man's
home
easily.
9．We
waited
for
news
with
a
growing
sense
of
anxiety
(anxious)．
10．The
bus
stops
regularly
to
set
down
and
pick
up
passengers.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.
It_has_been_confirmed_that
the
man
resigned
to
accompany
her
wife
to
achieve
her
dream
of
traveling
the
world.
已证实这个人辞职是为了陪妻子完成周游世界的梦想。
2．You
can't_help_respecting
him
after
you
read
his
story.
读了他的故事后你不得不对他肃然起敬。
3．The
girl
realized
that
the
teacher
was_glaring_at
her
because
of
the
mistake.
这个女孩意识到因为这个错误老师正怒视着她。
4．The
two
girl
students
talked
for_the_first_time
at
the
beginning
of
the
term.
这两个女学生在这学期开始进行了第一次谈话。
5.
If_necessary,_they
will
go
to
the
authorities
themselves
to
press
the
demand.
如果有必要，他们将自己去找当局，敦促他们接受这项要求。
PAGEPeople
Section
Ⅴ Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&
Bulletin
Board
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．claw
n.
(动物或鸟的)爪子
2．chew
vt.
咀嚼
3．wrinkle
n.
皱纹
4．block
n.
大厦；街区
5．lap
n.
(人坐着时的)大腿部
6．satellite
n.
卫星；人造卫星
7．forever
adv.
永远
8．negative
adj.
消极的，负面的→positive
(反)
adj.
积极的
9．hesitate
vi.
犹豫，踌躇→hesitation
n.
犹豫
10．appointment
n.
约见，约会→appoint
v.
任命，约定
11.
judge
vt.
评判 n．法官；裁判→judgement
n.
评判，判断
12．devote
vt.
专心致志于，献身于→devotion
n.
奉献→devoted
adj.
忠诚的；献身的
13．salty
adj.
含盐的，咸的→salt
n.
食盐
14．companion
n.
同伴，伴侣→company
v.
陪伴
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．make_comments_about_sth.
对某事进行评论
2．in_detail
详细地
3．refer_to
提到；涉及；指的是；参考；查阅；提交
4．except_for
除了
5．be_popular_with_sb.
受某人欢迎
6．devote...to...
奉献……于……
7．argue
about
sth.争论某事
8．take...seriously
认真对待……
9．describe...as...
把……描述为……
10．prepare
for
sth.为某事做准备
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．and连接两个宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个不能省略
It's
difficult
to
judge
but
we
thought
they
might
be
in
the
same
class
and_that
they
were
discussing
a
problem.
很难判断，但我们认为他们可能在同一个班级，并且正在讨论问题。
2．as
long
as“只要”，用于引导条件状语从句
As_long_as
national
types
are
not
taken
too
seriously,
it's
fun
trying
to
guess
a
person's
nationality
from
their
personality.
只要不把民族类型看得太认真，那么设法从一个人的性格猜测他的国籍是很有趣的。
3．This
is
because...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句
his_is_probably_because
they
are
often
very
confident
and
secure.
这可能是因为他们经常很自信，而且无忧无虑。
4．with复合结构
The
woman
sitting
in
the
back,
the
one
in
the
black
jacket
with_her_arms_crossed,_she
looks
a
bit,
er,
kind
of
shy.
那个坐在后面穿黑色夹克，手臂交叉的女士看起来有点，嗯，有点害羞。
5．“no
matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论/不管……”
Nationalities
may
influence
personalities,
but
at
the
end
of
the
day,
people
are
themselves,
no_matter_where
they
come
from.
国籍可能会影响性格，但最终人们还是他们自己，不论他们来自哪里。
1
(教材P16)It's
difficult
to
judge
but
we
thought
they
might
be
in
the
same
class
and
that
they
were
discussing
a
problem.
很难判断，但我们认为他们可能在同一个班级，他们正在讨论一个问题。
(1)judging
from/by... 从……上看，根据……判断
as
far
as
I
can
judge
据我判断，依我看
judge
sb./sth.
from/by...
从……来判断
(2)judgement
n.
判断；判断力；审判
make
a
judgement
on
对……进行评判
[即学即用]
(1)Judging
from/by
what
he
said,
he
must
be
an
honest
man.
根据他所说的判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。
(2)You
must
make
a
judgement
before
you
make
a
decision.
在你做出决定之前，你要先做出判断。
(3)单句语法填空
①Your
judgement
(judge)
plays
an
important
role
in
solving
the
problem.
②Wearing
proper
clothes
is
important
too,
for
locals
will
judge
you
by/from
what
you
wear.
③Judging
(judge)
from
her
accent,
she
must
be
from
the
North.
④he
judge
thought
that
the
evidence
was
not
relevant
to
the
case.
2
(教材P17)For
example,
she
often
looks
after
children
for
people
in
her
apartment
block.
例如，她经常为她所住的那个公寓区的人们照看孩子。
block
off
封锁，封闭
block
out
挡住；忘掉，抹去
block
up
堵塞，挡住
block
one's
way
挡住某人的路
[即学即用]
(1)Walk
two
blocks,
and
you'll
find
the
store
at
the
corner.
走过两个街区，你就会在拐角处发现那家商店。
(2)Look!
The
dark
clouds
are
blocking_out
the
sun.
看！乌云遮住了太阳。
(3)They
blocked_up
the
entrance
to
the
cave
with
big
rocks.
他们用巨石将洞口堵起来了。
(4)At
one
point,
huge
piles
of
snow
blocked_his_way.
在一个地方，巨大的雪堆阻挡了他前进的道路。
3
(教材P17)She
devotes
a
lot
of
her
time
to
caring
the
neighbours.
她花很多时间关心邻居们。
(1)devote
oneself
to 献身于，致力于
devote
one's
time/energy/money/life
to把时间/精力/金钱/一生用于……
(2)devoted
adj.
忠诚的
(be)devoted
to
献身于，致力于
(3)devotion
n.
奉献；忠诚
[即学即用]
(1)She
devoted
her
life
to
helping
homeless
children.
她把一生都用来帮助无家可归的孩子。
(2)Mothers'
devotion
to
children
can
hardly
be
calculated.
母亲对孩子们的奉献几乎是无法计算的。
(3)单句语法填空
①You
will
never
gain
success
unless
you
are
fully
devoted
o
your
work.
②His
devotion
(devote)
to
his
wife
and
family
is
touching.
(4)高级表达
As
the
girl
is
devoted
to
her
work,
she
spends
little
time
with
her
parents.
①Devoted_to_her_work,_the
girl
spends
little
time
with
her
parents.(改为过去分词短语作状语)
②Devoting_herself_to_her_work,_the
girl
spends
little
time
with
her
parents.(改为现在分词短语作状语)
[联想归纳] 在短语devote...to中，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，类似的短语有：
4
(教材P17)But
after
35
years
of
marriage,
I
know
they're
great
companions.
但是在35年的婚姻之后，我知道他们是不错的伴侣。
(1)company
n． [U]陪伴，陪同；[C]公司
keep
sb.
company
陪伴某人
(2)accompany
vt.
陪伴；伴奏；伴随
[即学即用]
(1)In
the
future
social
robots
will
be
much
more
like
companions
than
mere
tools.
将来社交机器人将更像伙伴而不是单纯的工具。
(2)When
I
feel
lonely,
my
pet
dog
keeps_me_company.
当我感到孤独时，我的宠物狗会陪着我。
(3)Accompanied
by
her
friends,
she
went
to
the
concert.
在朋友的陪伴下，她去听音乐会了。
5
(教材P18)They
are
often
described
as
being
great
lovers
of
food
and
wine
and
they
never
hesitate
to
show
how
they
feel.
他们经常被描述为非常热爱饮食和酒的人，并且毫不犹豫地表达他们的感受。
(1)hesitate
to
do
sth. 做某事犹豫
hesitate
at/about/over
sth.
犹豫某事
(2)hesitation
n.
犹豫；迟疑
without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地
[即学即用]
(1)Don't
hesitate
to
turn
to
your
parents
when
in
trouble.
在困难的时候，要毫不犹豫地向你父母求助。
(2)Hearing
the
news,
he
raised
his
hand
without
hesitation.
听到这个消息，他毫不犹豫地举起了手。
(3)单句语法填空
①Don't
hesitate
at/about/over
that,
or
you'll
throw
away
your
opportunity.
②It
is
typical
that
he
hesitates
o_reply
(reply)
when
asked
in
class.
③After
the
earthquake
happened,
the
rescue
team
accepted
the
task
without
hesitation
(hesitate)．
(教材P16)．..do
not
describe
everything
in
detail;
you
can
refer
to
physical
appearance
as
you
make
comments...
……不必详细描述每件事情；评论时可以提到外表……
(1)refer...to... 将……提交/上呈；把……归类/
归因于；引……去查询/咨询
refer
to...as
把……称为/当作……
(2)reference
n.
参考，查阅；谈到，提及
[联想归纳] refer的过去式、过去分词与现在分词先双写r，再加－ed或－ing。prefer、occur也是这样。
[即学即用]
(1)I
promised
not
to
refer
to
the
matter
again.
我答应过再也不提这事了。
(2)写出下列句中refer
to的含义
①My
daughter
doesn't
want
anyone
to
refer
to
her
embarrassing
experience.
提到
②These
books
refer
to
Asian
problems.
涉及
③I
wasn't
referring
to
you
when
I
said
that.
指的是
④He
didn't
refer
to
his
notes
when
he
spoke.
参考
(3)单句语法填空
①The
disagreement
was
referred
(refer)
to
the
United
Nations.
②English
is
referred
to
as
a
universal
language.
③You'd
better
write
down
the
phone
number
of
that
restaurant
for
future
reference
(refer)．
2
(教材P17)She
never
watches
TV
except
for
the
news.
除了看新闻，她从不看电视。[辨析比较]
except
表示从所提到的人或事物中除去，即排除同类中的一分子或从整体中除去一部分，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的
except
for
主要有两层含义：①表示不同类别事物进行比较；②表示人或物在总体上是好的，只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽如人意
except
that/wh－从句
用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后需接从句
but
表示“排除在外，不包含在内”，相当于except，但它通常与某些不定代词如nothing,
all,
anything,
no
one,
anyone等连用
besides/inaddition
to
表示被除去的事物也包括在内，意为“除……以外，(还，也)……”
apart
from
根据上下文的不同，它既可用作besides，也可用作except和except
for
[即学即用]
(1)Your
composition
is
good,
except_for
some
spelling
mistakes.
你的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。
(2)Everyone
except
Tom
was
able
to
answer
the
question.
除了汤姆每个人都能回答这个问题。
(3)I
know
nothing
about
him
except_that
he
is
from
Australia.
他来自澳洲，除此之外我对他一无所知。
(4)We
saw
a
cartoon
in_addition_to/besides
a
feature
film.
我们除了看了一个故事片外还看了一个动画片。
3
(教材P18)This
has
led
to
the
idea
of
national
types.
这就产生了民族类型的思想。
lead
to 导致；导向；通往(to是介词)
lead
sb.
to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
lead
sb.
to...
引导某人去……(地方)
lead
a．..life
过……的生活
[即学即用]
(1)Too
much
work
and
too
little
rest
often
lead
to
illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
(2)This
is
a
path
leading
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
这是一条通向山顶的小路。
(3)He
decided
to
lead_a_new_life
after
the
unusual
experience.
这次不寻常的经历之后，他决定过一种新的生活。
(4)单句语法填空
①What
led
you
o_change
(change)
your
mind?
②The
bank
has
offered
a
reward
for
any
information
leading
(lead)
to
the
arrest
of
the
men.
?教材P18?As
long
as
national
types
are
not
taken
too
seriously，
it's
fun
trying
to
guess
a
person's
nationality
from
their
personality.
只要民族类型没有被太认真看待，试着从一个人的个性猜测他的国籍是很有趣的。
as
long
as或so
long
as意思是“只要”，用作条件状语从句的连词。
引导条件状语从句的连词还有if，
unless，
only
if，
on
condition
that，
in
case，
provided/providing
?that?，
suppose/supposing
?that?等。
[即学即用]
(1)As
long
as
one
keeps
calm,
one
doesn't
feel
the
heat
too
much.
(谚)心静自然凉。
(2)The
new
bridge
is
said
to
be
as
long
as
100
meters.
据说新桥长达100米。
(3)You
can
keep
the
book
for
two
weeks
as_long_as
you
promise
to
help
me
out
of
trouble.
只要你帮我摆脱困境，你可以把这本书保留两周。
(4)As/So_long_as
you
devote
more
time
to
practising,
your
skills
can
be
improved
quickly.
只要你投入更多的时间去练习，你的技能会很快提升。
?教材P18?Nationalities
may
influence
personalities，
but
at
the
end
of
the
day，
people
are
themselves，
no
matter
where
they
come
from.
无论他们来自哪里，国籍可能影响个性，但最终人们还是他们自己。
这是一个并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句，表示转折；but后的句子中包含一个由no
matter
where引导的让步状语从句。
(1)no
matter“无论，不管”，后面常跟how,
what,
who
(whom),
when,
where,
which等疑问词，意为“无论如何；无论什么；无论谁；无论何时；无论何处；无论哪一个”。引导让步状语从句时，可分别与however,
whatever,
whoever
(whomever),
whenever,
wherever,
whichever等互换。
(2)whatever,
whoever,
whichever,
wherever,
however,
whenever等还可以引导名词性从句。
[即学即用]
(1)No
matter
where/Wherever
I
go,
China
will
always
be
my
home.
不论我到什么地方，中国永远是我的家乡。
(2)No
matter
what/Whatever
she
did,
the
result
was
all
one.
无论她做什么，结果都是一样的。
(3)No
matter
how/However
busy
he
was,
he
always
spared
some
time
to
read
poems.
他无论多忙，都会抽出时间去阅读诗歌。
(4)Whatever/No_matter_what
you
say,
I
won't
believe
you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
(5)No_matter_who/Whoever
comes
first,
he
or
she
has
the
opportunity
to
study
abroad.
无论谁取得第一，都会有出国学习的机会。
(6)One
can
always
manage
to
do
more
things,
no_matter_how/however
full
one's
schedule
is
in
life.
一个人总是能设法做更多的事情，不管在生活中他的时间表排得多么满。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Johnson
referred
to
the
discovery
as
a
major
breakthrough
in
medical
science
yesterday.
2．I
hesitate
o_spend
(spend)
so
much
money
on
clothes.
3．Judging
(judge)
from
the
book
I
have
read,
I
think
he
is
a
very
promising
writer.
4．After
he
retired,
he
continued
to
devote
himself
to
helping
(help)
the
poor.
5．He
described
the
process
in
detail,
so
that
we
could
understand
it.
6．The
curtain
is
hanging
there,
blocking
(block)
out
the
sunlight.
7．The
book
was
immediately
popular
with
people
of
all
ages.
8．No
matter
who
you
may
be,
you
have
no
right
to
do
such
a
thing.
9.
Salty
(salt)
food
often
makes
one
thirsty.
10．You
can
borrow
my
computer
as
long
as
you
take
good
care
of
it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The
good
result
lies
in
the
correct
methods,
that
is
to
say,
correct
methods
lead_to
a
good
result.
好的结果在于正确的方法；也就是说，正确的方法会导致好的结果。
2.
So_long_as
you
keep
calm,
a
quarrel
won't
happen.
只要你保持镇定，争吵是不会发生的。
3．She
is
pretty
except_for
the
fact
that
her
mouth
is
too
big.
若不是她的嘴巴太大，她是很漂亮的。
4.
Judging_by/from
the
look
on
his
face,
the
news
must
have
been
terrible.
从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。
5.
No_matter_what/Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。
6.
No_matter_who/Whoever
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.
不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。
PAGEPeople
Section
Ⅵ Writing——人物描写
本单元的写作任务是描写人物。人物描写主要是介绍人物的外貌、生平、成就等。人物描写的体裁一般是记叙文，有时也以看图作文、表格、书信、新闻的形式出现。
一、基本结构
1．开头(the
beginning)：先总体描写，即对该人物进行简要地介绍，如年龄、性别、出生地、家庭、身份、职业、教育背景、外表、性格特点和特长爱好等。
2．主体(the
main
body)：详细介绍所描述人物的特点及生平大事(成就)，可以按照时间顺序或在事件中的主次地位进行描述。
3．结尾(conclusion)：对此人的评价或感想。
二、常用表达
1．出生时间、地点
be
born
on...in...
Born
on...in...，sb....
2．家庭、教育背景
be
born
in
a
poor/rich
family
live
a
hard/happy
life
be
admitted
into...college
graduate
from...Department
of...University
When
at
college,
he/she
majored
in...
received
a
Bachelor's
degree
3．兴趣爱好
be
interested
in.../be
fond
of...
be
good
at.../do
well
in...
have
a
strong
passion
for...
have
a
gift
for...
4．主要事迹
devote
his/her
lifetime
to...
devote
himself/herself
to...
win
a
prize
in...competition
win
the
Nobel
Prize
in...
set
a
new
world
record
in...
be
selected
to/become
a
member
of...
5．对人物的评价
be
one
of
the
most
important/outstanding
persons...
be
honored/regarded/considered
as...
be
spoken/thought
highly
of
by...
be
the
pride
of
China
假设你的笔友Mike下个月将到你校交流学习，请你把Mike的情况提前介绍给同学们。
要点：
1．Mike来自美国，男，18岁，个子很高，很瘦，黄头发蓝眼睛；
2．Mike家有四口人，爸爸、妈妈、妹妹和自己；
3．Mike性格开朗，容易相处，喜欢交朋友，同学对他的评价很高；
4．Mike兴趣广泛，喜欢流行音乐和篮球；
5．Mike来中国学习汉语，品尝中国的美食等。
注意：词数100个左右。
分析
1．用词
(1)来自
come_from
(2)看起来像
look_like
(3)交朋友
make_friends
(4)各种各样的
a_variety_of
(5)与……相处
get_along_with
(6)听音乐
listen_to_music
(7)打篮球
play_basketball
(8)期盼着
look_forward_to
2．造句
按要求完成句子
(1)因为他很开朗很容易相处，所以他喜欢交朋友。
一般表达：
Because
he
is
outgoing
and
easy
to
get
along
with,
he
likes
to
make
friends
with
others.
高级表达(用so...that结构)：
→He_is_so_outgoing_and_easy_to_get_along_with_that_he_is_ready_to_make_friends_with_others.
(2)他兴趣广泛，喜欢听流行音乐和打篮球。
He
has
a
variety
of
interests.
He
likes
listening
to
pop
music
and
playing
basketball.(合并成一个句子)
→He_has_a_variety_of_interests,_including_listening_to_pop_music_and_playing_basketball.
(3)他来中国是想学习汉语和品尝中国美食。
He
wants
to
learn
Chinese
and
taste
Chinese
food.
That
is
why
he
will
come
to
China.(用复合句式合并句子)
→he_reason_why_he_will_come_to_China_is_that_he_wants_to_learn_Chinese_and_taste_Chinese_food.
3．成篇
My_pen_pal,_whose_name_is_Mike,_will_come_to_our_school_to_study_next_month._He_comes_from_America_and_is_eighteen._He_is_a_tall_and_thin_person_with_yellow_hair_and_blue_eyes,_which_makes_him_look_different_from_us.
There_are_four_people_in_his_family._His_father_is_an_engineer,_his_mother_is_a_teacher_and_his_younger_sister_is_a_high_school_student_now._He_is_so_outgoing_and_easy_to_get_along_with_that_he_is_ready_to_make_friends_with_others,_which_brings_him_high_praises._He_has_a_variety_of_interests,_including_listening_to_pop_music_and_playing_basketball._The_reason_why_he_will_come_to_China_is_that_he_wants_to_learn_Chinese_and_taste_Chinese_food._I'm_looking_forward_to_his_coming_and_hoping_you_can_make_friends_with_him.
PAGE
