Module
1 British
and
American
English
图解英式英语(B.E.)和美式英语(A.E.)区别
British
&
American
English
开启快乐学习之旅
英式英语与美式英语的区别主要体现在四个方面：
一、发音和语调方面
美式发音区别于英式发音的最大特色就在于美式发音中除了Mrs外，会把单词里每个r音都体现出来(不论在哪个位置)，尤其强调单词末尾r的卷舌音，比如teacher，car，neighbor。而英式发音一般不会将每个r都读出来。
二、词汇方面
美式英语和英式英语在词汇方面有许多不同，比如：汽油，美国叫gasoline，英国叫petrol(汽油曾经是二战的时候美军用于识别混入的德国士兵的口令，喊汽油叫petrol的人统统抓起来)。
三、拼写方面
一般来说美式英语拼写比英式英语简单一些。如：美式英语里通常将英式英语里的字母组合our中的u省去，favourite(英式)，favorite(美式)；neighbour(英式)，neighbor(美式)；colour(英式)，color(美式)。
四、时态区别
美国人倾向于使用一般过去时去描述刚刚发生的事情，而英国人则更可能使用现在完成时来描述过去刚刚发生的事情。
模块核心素养导航
Module
1 British
and
American
English
SectionⅠ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．accent
n.
口音
2．queue
vi.
(英)排队(等候)
3．omit
vt.
省略
4．remark
n.
评论；讲话
5．satellite
n.
卫星
6．flick
n.
轻打；轻弹；抖动
7．switch
n.
开关
8．structure
n.
结构；体系
9．obvious
adj.显然的；显而易见的→obviously
adv.明显地，显而易见地
10．confusing
adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused
v．使混乱；使迷惑→confuse
adj.困惑的；难懂的→confusion
n.
困惑；混乱；混淆
11．compare
vt.比较→comparison
n．比较；对比
12．variety
n．种类→vary
v．变化；改变；不同→various
adj.各种各样的；不同的→variation
n．变化
13．differ
vi.不同；有区别→different
adj.不同的→
difference
n．不同
14．settler
n．移民；定居者→settle
v．决定；定居→settlement
n．殖民；开拓
15．steadily
adv.不断地；持续地→steady
adj.不断的；持续的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．have...in
common
有相同的特点
2．make_a_difference
有影响，使不相同
3．get_around
四处走动(旅行)
4．queue_up/stand_in_line
排队
5．compare...with...
把……与……相比
6．be_similar_to
与……相似
7．have_difficulty_(in)_doing_sth.
做某事有困难
8．lead_to
导致；引起
9．after_all
毕竟
10．on
the
other
side
of
the
Atlantic
在大西洋彼岸
11．make
the
famous
remark
说出这句名言
12.
at
the
flick
of
a
switch
轻轻一按开关
13.
pass
into
British
English
传入英式英语
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．老师讲英式英语还是美式英语没有太大差别。
It
doesn't
make
much
of
a
difference
whether
a
teacher
speaks
British
or
American
English.
2．美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。
Americans
use
a
flashlight，while
for
the
British，it's
a
torch.
3．专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
This
non?stop
communication，the
experts
think，has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
4．但它也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
5．说英语的人无论在哪里都能够彼此了解。
Users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other—wherever
they
are.
课文预读
Words,
words,
words
British
and
American
English
are
different
in①
many
ways.
The
first
and
most
obvious②
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
There
are
hundreds
of
different
words
which
are
not
used
on
the
other
side
of
the
Atlantic,
or
which
are
used
with
a
different
meaning③.
Some
of
these
words
are
well
known—Americans
drive
automobiles
down④
freeways
and
fill
up
with⑤
gas;
the
British
drive
cars
along
motorways⑥
and
fill
up
with
petrol⑦.
As
a
tourist,
you
will
need
to
use
the
underground⑧
in
London
or
the
subway⑨
in
New
York,
or
maybe
you
will
prefer
to⑩
get
around?
the
town
by
taxi
(British)
or
cab
(American)．
Chips
or
French
fries?
But
other
words
and
expressions
are
not
so
well
known.
Americans
use
a
flashlight?，while?
for
the
British,
it's
a
torch.
The
British
queue?
up;
Americans
stand
in
line?.
Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly?
different
meaning,
which?
can
be
confusing?.
Chips,
for
example?，
are
pieces
of
hot
fried
potato
in
Britain;
in
the
States
chips
are
very
thin
and
are
sold
in
packets.
The
British
call
these
crisps.
The
chips
the
British
know
and
love
are
French
fries
on
the
other
side
of
the
Atlantic.
①be
different
in在……方面不同
be
different
from与……不一样
②obvious/'?bvi?s/adj.显然的，显而易见的
③which引导两个定语从句，均修饰words。
④drive...down...沿……驾驶……；相当于drive...along...
⑤fill
up
(with)(用……)装满，填满
⑥motorway/'m??t??we?
/n.(英)高速公路
⑦petrol
n．(英)汽油，
gas
n．(美)汽油
⑧underground/'?nd??ɡra?nd/n.(英)地铁
⑨subway/'s?b?we?/n.(美)地铁
⑩prefer
to
do...更愿意/喜欢做……
prefer...to...，意为“喜欢……胜过……”。其中to为介词。
?get
around四处走动(旅行)
?flashlight/'fl???la?t/n.(美)手电筒；火把
?while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，此处表示前后两种情况的对比。
?queue/kju?/vi.(英)排队(等候)
queue
up
(for...)排队(等候……)
?stand
in
line排队等候
?slightly
adv.略微地，稍微地，此处修饰different。
?which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
?confusing
/k?n'fju?z??/adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
?for
example例如
常作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。
?preposition
/?prep?'z??n/n.介词
compare
/k?m'pe?/vt.比较
compare...with...把……与……相比
该结构常用其非谓语形式compared
with作状语，此时可与compared
to互换。
compare...to...把……与……相比；把……比作……
on
the
team
(美)是队里的一员
in
the
team
(英)是队里的一员
on
the
weekend
(美)在周末
at
the
weekend
(英)在周末
where引导地点状语从句。
omit/??'m?t/vt.省略
“in＋关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，其中differ
in中的介词前移。
variety/v?'ra??ti/n.种类
a
variety
of/varieties
of各种各样的
differ/'d?f?/vi.不同，有区别
differ常与介词from,
in连用。
seem看来，似乎(作连系动词)
seem后常与动词不定式to
do或形容词连用，或构成固定句式It
seems
that...。
instead
of代替，而不是
instead
adv.相反；而，却
influence
vt.&n.影响
have
an
influence
on对……有影响
settler/'setl?/n.移民；定居者
which引导非限制性定语从句，指代the
accent。
be
similar
to与……相似
be
similar
in在……方面相似
remark
/r?'mɑ?k/n.评论；讲话
variation
/?ve?r?'e??n/n.变化
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
steadily/'sted?li/adv.不断地；持续地
satellite/'s?t??la?t/n.卫星
画线部分为“it＋be＋adj.＋to
do...”结构，it为形式主语，而真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
flick
/fl?k/n.轻打；轻弹；抖动
at
the
flick
of轻轻一按/弹……
switch
/sw?t?/n.开关
switch还可以作动词，常与off和on连用。
make
it＋adj./n.(for
sb.)
to
do...为固定结构。it为形式宾语，其后的动词不定式为真正的宾语。
lead
to引起；导致
其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
structure/'str?kt??/n.结构；体系
画线部分为结果状语从句，so
that意为“以至于”。该状语从句中又包含了believe的宾语从句。
find
sth./sb.
doing...“发现某物/某人在做……”为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
suggest
v．暗示，表明
wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no
matter
where。
译文助读
词，词，词
英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计的不同的词在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。其中一些单词是人们所熟知的——美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。
Chips还是French
fries?
但是其他词和短语却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。“排队”在英式英语中用queue
up，而在美式英语中用stand
in
line。有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。例如，chips在英国是指热的炸薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片——英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人熟悉而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋彼岸被称为French
fries。
Have还是have
got?
在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说“Have
you
got...？”，而美国人更喜欢说“Do
you
have...？”，美国人可能会说“My
friend
just
arrived”，但是英国人会说“My
friend
has
just
arrived”。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on
the
team,
on
the
weekend(美式)和in
the
team,
at
the
weekend(英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候会省略(I'll
see
you
Monday;
Write
me
soon！)。
Colour还是color?
两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center,
color和program是美式拼法，而centre,
colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民到来，有很多因素影响了美式英语的发音。在美国东海岸能听到与英式英语非常相似的口音。当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说出“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两个国家境内的发音差别可能跟两国之间的发音差别一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
打开电视机
一些专家相信这两种语言的种类正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，轻轻一按开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员说话都带着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中国香港的慕妮塔·让治派，从小到大说的是汉语、旁遮普语和英语。
这种国际格局表明，在未来将有很多种“英语”，而不仅仅是主要的两种。但其实大家不用担心。无论在哪里，英语使用者们都能彼此理解。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
Read
the
text
and
finish
the
questions.
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
the_differences_between_British_English_and_American_English.
2．Match
the
following
paragraphs
with
their
main
ideas.
Para.1 A．There
are
a
few
differences
in
grammar.
Para.2
B．The
two
varieties
of
English
are
moving
closer.
Para.3
C．The
first
and
most
obvious
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
Para.4
D．Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning,
which
can
be
confusing.
Para.5－7
E．The
other
two
areas
in
which
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
答案：Para.1－C；Para.2－D；Para.3－A；Para.4－E；Para.5－7－B
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．In
which
of
the
following
ways
do
British
English
and
American
English
most
obviously
differ?
A．Pronunciation.
B．Accent.
C．Vocabulary.
D．Grammar.
答案：C
2．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true?
A．French
fries
in
America
are
called
chips
in
Britain.
B．Americans
use
a
torch,
but
for
the
British,
it's
a
flashlight.
C．Many
factors
have
influenced
American
pronunciation.
D．When
you
visit
New
York,
you
need
to
use
the
subway.
答案：B
3．________
have/has
made
it
easier
for
the
British
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
A．Television
B．Radio
C．The
Internet
D．Both
A
and
C
答案：D
4．Why
do
some
people
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear
in
the
future?
A．Because
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
have
passed
into
it.
B．Because
it
is
not
as
useful
as
American
English.
C．Because
it
is
not
easy
to
understand.
D．Because
its
spelling
is
more
difficult.
答案：A
5．In
the
future,
users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other
________.
A．only
in
the
same
country
B．in
America
C．in
different
countries
D．in
England
答案：C
StepⅢ
After
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
British
and
American
English
differ
in
many
ways.
The
difference
in
vocabulary
is
the
most
obvious.
Sometimes,
the
same
word
has
a
__1__
(slight)
different
meaning,
which
can
be
__2__
(confuse).
There
are
a
few
differences
in
grammar,
too.
The
British
use
prepositions
where
Americans
sometimes
omit
them.
The
other
two
areas
in
__3__
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
American
spelling
__4__
(seem)
simpler,
and
many
factors
__5__
(influence)
American
pronunciation
since
the
first
settlers
arrived
there.
Although
there
are
so
many
__6__
(different),
some
experts
believe
that
the
two
varieties
are
moving
together.
The
experts
think
this
non?stop
communication
has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
__7__
(understand)
each
other.
But
it
has
also
led
__8__
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
__9__
(pass)
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
There
are
going
to
be
many
“Englishes”
with
the
international
dimension.
But
the
most
important
thing
is
that
users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other—
__10__
they
are.
1．slightly 2.confusing 3.which 4.seems
5．have_influenced 6.differences 7.to_understand 8.to
9．passing 10.wherever
1
(教材P2)The
first
and
most
obvious
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
首先最明显的是在词汇方面。
[归纳拓展]
be
obvious
to
sb.
对某人来说……是显然的/易于理解的
It
is
obvious
that...
显然……
[品读高考]
(2017·江苏)He
tried
to
hide
his
obvious
pleasure
from
the
music
teacher.
他试图对音乐老师隐藏他明显的喜悦之情。
[经典例句]
It
might
be
obvious
to
you,
but
it
isn't
to
me.
这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。
It
is
obvious
that
the
two
Englishes
have
much
in
common.
很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。
Obviously,
American
spelling
is
simpler
than
British
spelling.
很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①It
is
obvious
to
us
that
he
is
not
responsible
for
this
mistake.
②Diet
and
exercise
are
obviously
(obvious)
important
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
③It
is
obvious
that
the
old
method
can
not
meet
new
requirements.
2
词根：confuse
vt.使困惑；使难以理解
派生词：confused
adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
confusion
n．困惑；混淆
(教材P2)Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning,
which
can
be
confusing.
有时，同一个单词的意思有稍微的不同，这会令人困惑。
[归纳拓展]
(1)confuse...with/and...
把……与……混淆
(2)be
confused
about...
对……迷惑不解
(3)in
confusion
处于混乱状态
[品读高考]
(2017·浙江)If
the
plot,
characters,
or
word
usage
is
confusing
for
you,
you
likely
won't
be
able
to
remember
what
you
read.
如果故事情节、人物或词的用法对你来说难以理解，你很可能记不住你读过的内容。
[经典例句]
The
instructions
on
the
box
are
very
confusing.
盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。
Don't
confuse
Austria
with/and
Australia.
不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。
I
love
learning
new
words,
but
I'm
confused
about
how
to
remember
them
well.
我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何很好地记住单词感到困惑不解。
[语境串记]
They
confused
me
by
asking
so
many
confusing
questions.
I
was
totally
confused,
standing
there
in
confusion,
not
knowing
what
to
do.
他们提了如此多令人费解的问题，把我难住了，我完全困惑了，茫然地站在那里，全然不知所措。
[名师点津]
以?ing结尾的形容词强调事物的特征，常译为“令人……的”；以?ed结尾的形容词强调人内心的感受，常译为“感到……的”。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①You
should
not
confuse
your
career
with/and
your
life.
②He
looked
at
me
in
confusion
(confuse)
and
did
not
answer
the
question.
③This
math
problem
is
really
confusing
(confuse).
Many
students
don't
understand
it.
④The
confused
(confuse)
look
on
his
face
shows
that
he
is
still
not
clear
about
it.
3
派生词：comparison
n．比较
(教材P2)Prepositions,
too,
can
be
different:
compare
on
the
team,
on
the
weekend
(American)
with
in
the
team，at
the
weekend
(British).
介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on
the
team，on
the
weekend(美式)和in
the
team，at
the
weekend(英式)。
[归纳拓展]
(1)compare...with...
把……和……相比较
compare...to...
把……比作……
compared
to/with...
和……相比(通常作状语)
(2)beyond/without
compare无与伦比，举世无双
(3)by
comparison
相比之下；相较而言
by/in
comparison
with
sb./sth.
与……相比较
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Data
shows
that
kids
and
teens
who
do
read
frequently,
compared
to
infrequent
readers,
have
more
books
in
the
home,
more
books
purchased
for
them,
parents
who
read
more
often,
and
parents
who
set
aside
time
for
them
to
read.
数据显示，与不经常阅读的人相比，经常阅读的孩子和青少年家里有更多的书、有更多为他们购买的书、父母阅读更频繁并且父母留出时间让他们阅读。
[经典例句]
Don't
compare
your
strength
with
others'
weakness，which
is
meaningless.
不要拿你的强项和别人的弱项相比，那没有意义。
Shakespeare
compared
the
world
to
a
stage
in
his
work.
莎士比亚在他的作品中把这个世界比作舞台。
Nothing
can
compare
with
wool
for
warmth.
就保暖性能来说，什么东西也比不上羊毛。
Her
performance
at
yesterday's
concert
was
beyond
compare.
她在昨天音乐会中的表演精彩绝伦。
[语境串记]
Don't
compare
your
disadvantages
with
his
advantages.
Compared
with
him,
you
are
more
easy?going.
By
comparison,
I
think
more
people
will
be
willing
to
make
friends
with
you.
不要把你的短处和他的长处相比较。和他相比，你更容易相处。相比之下，我想更多的人会愿意和你交朋友。
[即学即练]一句多译
与你的房间相比，我的房间小。
①Compare
(compare)
my
room
with
your
room,
and
I
find
mine
is
small.
②Compared
(compare)
with
your
room,
my
room
is
small.
③Comparing
(compare)
my
room
with
yours,
I
find
mine
is
small.
④My
room
is
small
compared
(compare)
with
yours.
⑤By
comparison,
my
room
is
smaller
than
yours.
4
词根：vary
v．(使)变化，不同
派生词：various
adj.各种各样的
variation
n．变化
(教材P2)The
other
two
areas
in
which
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a
variety
of＝varieties
of
各种各样的
(2)vary
from...to...
从……到……不同
vary
with...
随……而变化
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Join
us
to
taste
a
variety
of
fresh
local
food
and
drinks.
和我们一起品尝各种当地的新鲜食物和饮料。
[经典例句]
A
variety
of
products
are
sold
at
a
supermarket.
在超市，各种各样的商品均有出售。
Our
customs
vary
from
place
to
place.
我们的风俗习惯因地而异。
Prices
vary
with
the
quality.
价格随质量而变化。
Everyone
arrived
late
at
the
party
for
various
reasons.
由于种种原因，每个人到达聚会都很晚。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①There
are
various
(variety)
kinds
of
wild
animals
in
this
area.
②Wedding
traditions
and
customs
vary
from
one
country
to
another.
③Varieties
(variety)
of
books
have
been
published.
5
派生词：different
adj.
不同的；相异的
difference
n.
不同；区别
(教材P2)The
other
two
areas
in
which
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。
[归纳拓展]
(1)differ
from
与……不同
differ
in
在……方面不同
(2)be
different
from...in...
在……与……不同
(3)tell
the
difference
between...and...
分辨……和……的不同
make
a
difference
有影响，使不相同
[品读高考]
(2016·江苏)—Only
those
who
have
a
lot
in
common
can
get
along
well.
—I
beg
to
differ.
Opposites
sometimes
do
attract.
——只有那些共同点多的人才能友好相处。
——恕我不敢苟同。不同的人有时会相互吸引。
[经典例句]
Things
in
the
world
differ
from
each
other
in
a
thousand
ways.
＝Things
in
the
world
are
different
from
each
other
in
a
thousand
ways.
世界上的事物是千差万别的。
Compare
the
two
pictures
and
tell
the
difference
between
them.
比较一下这两幅画，分辨出它们之间的不同。
One
false
step
will
make
a
great
difference.
差之毫厘，谬以千里。
[语境串记]
Though
they
are
twins,
they
have
many
differences.
First
of
all,
they
differ
in
hobbies.
Jim
likes
playing
football
while
Tom
enjoys
playing
chess.
In
addition,
they
are
different
from
each
other
in
shape.
Jim
is
tall
and
fat
while
Tom
is
short
and
thin.
虽然他们是双胞胎，但他们有许多不同之处。首先，他们的爱好不同。吉姆喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢下棋。此外，他们体形不同。吉姆又高又胖，而汤姆又矮又瘦。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①These
two
books
differ
in
colour—one
is
red
and
the
other
is
blue.
②Our
village
is
very
different
(difference)
from
what
it
was
before.
③The
behavior
of
parents
makes
a
great
difference
(different)
to
the
children.
have...in
common
在……方面有相同之处，有相同的特点
(教材P1)We
have
really
everything
in
common
with
America
nowadays,
except
of
course,
language.
当然除了语言，我们确实和美国一切都是相同的。
[归纳拓展]
?1?have
much
?a
lot?
/something/everything/
nothing
in
common
?with?
有很多/一些/所有/没有共同之处
in
common
共同的；共同享有的；共同使用的
in
common
with
和……一样；有共同之处
?2?common
practice
惯例,common
sense/
knowledge
常识
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They
had
nothing
in
common
with
me.
他们和我毫无共同之处。
[经典例句]
Though
they
are
brothers,
they
have
nothing
in
common
with
one
another.
虽然他们是兄弟，但他们并没有共同之处。
As
far
as
I
know,
this
is
common
practice
in
many
countries.
就我所知，在很多国家这是惯例。
[语境串记]
It
is
common
sense
that
friends
should
have
a
lot
in
common.
In
common
with
his
friend
Tom，Jim
likes
playing
basketball.
In
other
words,
they
two
have
a
common
interest.
朋友之间应该有很多共同点，这是常识。和他的朋友汤姆一样，吉姆喜欢打篮球。换句话说，他们两个有共同的兴趣。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①If
two
people
have
nothing
in
common,
exchanging
a
few
words
can
be
difficult.
②In
common
with
many
countries,
Britain
has
serious
environmental
problems.
③我们应当抛开分歧，讨论一下我们有共同点的事情。
We
should
put
aside
our
differences
and
discuss
the
things
we
have
in
common.
④游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一是常识。
It's
common
knowledge
that
swimming
is
one
of
the
best
forms
of
exercise.
(教材P2)．..maybe
you
will
prefer
to
get
around
the
town
by
taxi
(British)
or
cab
(American)．
……你也许愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2012·广东)And
the
word
quickly
got
around
that
he
was
from
New
York
City.
他来自纽约市的消息很快传开了。
[经典例句]
Good
news
never
goes
beyond
the
gate,
while
bad
news
gets
around
quickly.
好事不出门，坏事传千里。
We
should
let
bygones
be
bygones
and
try
to
get
along
with
each
other.
我们应该不计前嫌，彼此和睦相处。
That's
enough
fun
and
games!
Let's
get
down
to
work.
别再玩儿了！咱们安下心来工作吧。
I
rang
you
several
times
but
wasn't
able
to
get
through.
我给你打了几次电话，但没有打通。
[语境串记]
News
gets
around
that
Tom
didn't
get
through
the
college
entrance
examination.
I
think
it
is
time
that
he
should
get
down
to
his
study.
As
long
as
he
tries
his
best,
he
can
get
over
all
the
difficulties
in
study.
汤姆高考失利的消息传开了。我认为到了他该认真学习的时候了。只要他尽全力，他就能克服学习上的所有困难。
[即学即练]用get的适当短语填空
①I
must
get
down
to
work
tonight,
as
the
exams
start
next
week.
②It
is
difficult
for
Tom
to
get
around
today
because
he
broke
his
leg
yesterday.
③We
must
get
over
our
shortcomings
and
mistakes
in
our
work.
3
(教材P3)But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
但它也导致了大量的美式单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
[归纳拓展]
lead
sb.
to/into...
带领某人到/进入……
lead
sb.
to
do
sth.
使得某人做某事
lead
a．..life
过……的生活
lead
the
way
带路
take
the
lead
带头，领先
[品读高考]
(2018·天津)False
fire
alarms
are
illegal
and
may
lead
to
imprisonment.
报虚假的火警是违法的，可能会导致监禁。
[经典例句]
All
roads
lead
to
Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
Could
you
do
me
a
favor
and
lead
me
to
the
bus
station?
你能帮个忙带领我去公共汽车站吗？
His
actions
lead
me
to
distrust
him.
他的行为使我不信任他。
He
decided
to
lead
a
more
settled
life
with
his
partner.
他决定和爱人一起过一种更加安定的生活。
[语境串记]
With
him
leading
the
way,
we
got
there
without
any
difficulty.
But
for
him,
we
would
have
been
lost,
which
would
lead
to
serious
consequences.
His
action
led
us
to
believe
that
he
was
our
true
friend.
有他带路，我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他，我们就有可能迷路了，这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hard
work
leads
to
success
while
laziness
leads
to
failing
(fail)
the
exam.
②What
led
you
to_believe
(believe)
the
false
news?
③我希望我的孩子能过上比我更好的生活。
I
hope
my
offspring
can
lead
a
better
life
than
me.
④你带路，我随后。
You
lead
the
way
and
I'll
follow
you.
⑤只要你来带头，这件事就好办了。
This
can
be
easily
arranged
if
you
will
take
the
lead.
It
doesn't
make
much
of
a
difference
whether
a
teacher
speaks
British
or
American
English.
老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。
本句中it作形式主语，代替后面whether引导的主语从句，以保持句子平衡。
[归纳拓展]
?1?作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻。
?2?it作形式主语，除了代替主语从句外，还可以代替不定式或v.?ing形式。
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)It's
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner's
permission.
真奇怪，他竟然没有经过主人的允许就拿走了这些书。
[经典例句]
It
doesn't
matter
whether
you
win
or
not
and
the
most
important
thing
is
to
take
part.
输赢不重要，重在参与。
It
is
clear
that
learning
English
well
is
very
important
to
us.
显然，学好英语对我们来说很重要。
It
is
hard
to
please
all.
众口难调。
It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
覆水难收。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①It's
no
use
staying
(stay)
up
so
late
if
you
don't
devote
yourself
to
your
study.
②It
is
clear
that
he
was
suffering
great
pain
when
he
talked.
③Sometimes
it
is
better
to_remain
(remain)
silent.
Americans
use
a
flashlight,
while
for
the
British,
it's
a
torch.
美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。
本句中while作并列连词，连接前后的并列分句，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。
[归纳拓展]
while除作并列连词外，还有以下用法：
?1?while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”；
?2?while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”；
?3?while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
过去25年，玉米产量增长了近125%，而大米产量仅增长了7%。
[经典例句]
While
I
admit
his
good
points,
I
can
see
his
shortcomings.
尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
While
the
discussion
was
still
going
on,
George
came
in.
当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。
While
there
is
life,
there
is
hope.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
[即学即练]完成句子
①他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
He
likes
playing
basketball,
while
I
like
listening
to
music.
②当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。
While
he
was
reading
the
newspaper,_he
heard
someone
knock
at
the
door.
③虽然这些问题很难，但是我能解决它们。
While
the
problems
are
difficult,_I
can
solve
them.
The
non?stop
communication，the
experts
think，
has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
本句中“made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other”为“make＋it＋adj.＋for
sb.
to
do
sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，形容词作宾语补足语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。
[归纳拓展]
?1?当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
①make＋it＋adj./n.＋?for
sb.?
to
do
sth.
②make＋it＋no
use/no
good＋doing
③make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
?2?常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
has
already
permitted
the
company
to
use
special
materials
to
make
it
easier
for
the
vehicle
to
fly.
政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使飞机更容易飞行。
[经典例句]
The
rain
made
it
more
difficult
for
us
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。
We
thought
it
no
use
explaining
to
him
what
happened.
我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事情没有用处。
We
don't
think
it
right
that
a
child
should
be
left
alone
in
the
house.
我们认为把孩子独自一个人留在家里是不对的。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
man
downstairs
found
it
hard
to
fall
asleep.
②I
found
it
easy
to_work
(work)
out
the
problem.
I
can
do
it
by
myself.
③He
makes
it
a
rule
never
to
borrow
money.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Judging
from
his
accent,_he
is
from
the
south.
2．If
you
compare
both
of
our
cars，you'll
find
them
very
much
alike.
3．It
is
obvious
that
she
is
very
clever
because
she
can
work
out
such
a
difficult
problem.
4．Her
letter
was
so
confusing
that
I
could
hardly
understand
it.
5．Every
day
I
have
to
queue
up
at
the
bus
stop
to
go
to
work.
6．The
customers
made
a
number
of
rude
remarks
(评论)about
the
goods
on
sale.
7．This
restaurant
is
owned
by
an
Italian
settler
(移民).
8．Leaves
are
found
on
all
kinds
of
trees,
but
they
differ
(有区别)greatly
in
size
and
shape.
9．To
my
delight，the
students
worked
very
hard
and
were
making
progress
steadily
(不断地)．
10．In
writing
the
report
you
may
omit
(省略)all
unnecessary
details.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
have...in
common，make
a
difference，get
around，queue
up，compare...with，be
similar
to，lead
to，have
difficulty
in
doing
sth.，after
all，differ
from
1．Don't
blame
him.
After_all,_he's
only
a
child.
2．Chinese
students
often
have_difficulty_in
using
tense
correctly.
3．Things
in
the
world
differ_from
each
other
in
a
thousand
ways.
4．If
you
want
to
see
the
film,
you
will
have
to
queue_up
for
ticket.
5．The
twins
have
nothing
in_common
apart
from
their
appearance.
6．As
teachers,
we
must
believe
that
we
can
make_a_difference
to
the
lives
of
our
students.
7．Here
you
will
prefer
to
get_around
by
taxi.
8．Compare
this
room
with
that
one
and
choose
the
one
you
like.
9．Gold
is_similar_to
copper
in
color.
10．Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead_to
health
problem.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．Everyone
knows
that
Mary
is
lying
to
her
mother.(改为it作形式主语)
→It
is
known
to
everyone
that
Mary
is
lying
to
her
mother.
2．Compare
her
work
with
others'
work，and
you'll
find
hers
is
much
better.(同义句转换)
→Comparing
her
work
with
others'
work，you'll
find
hers
is
much
better.
→Compared
with
others'
work，you'll
find
her
work
is
much
better.
3．He
worked
out
the
maths
problem
without
difficulty.(同义句转换)
→He
had
no
difficulty
in
working
out
the
maths
problem.
4．It
is
not
possible
to
master
a
foreign
language
without
much
memory,
I
think.(改为it作形式宾语)
→I
don't
think
it
possible
to
master
a
foreign
language
without
much
memory.
5．I've
always
longed
for
the
days.
I
will
be
able
to
be
independent
then.(用定语从句合并句子)
→I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
PAGE
-
23
-Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅱ
Grammar——复习动词时态(Ⅰ)
[语法图解]
[课文原句感知]
①A
Londoner
has
more
difficulty
understanding
a
Scotsman
from
Glasgow
than
understanding
a
New
Yorker.
②Some
experts
believe
that
the
two
varieties
are
moving
closer
together.
③This
international
dimension
suggests
that
in
the
future,
there
are
going
to
be
many
“Englishes”，
not
just
two
main
varieties.
④Users
of
English
will
be
able
to
understand
each
other—wherever
they
are.
⑤Many
factors
have
influenced
American
pronunciation
since
the
first
settlers
arrived
four
hundred
years
ago.
[语法领悟]
(1)句①使用了一般现在时态，表示经常或习惯性发生的动作；当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
(2)句②使用了现在进行时态，表示现阶段正在进行的动作，谓语动词的构成为：am/is/are＋doing。
(3)句③和句④使用了一般将来时态，句③表示有征兆或迹象会发生某事，句4表示将要发生的动作或状态。
(4)句⑤使用了现在完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去，持续到了现在，谓语动词的构成为：have/has＋done。
一、一般现在时
1．表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often,
always,
usually,
sometimes,
every
day,
once
a
week等时间状语连用。
I
often
read
books
in
my
spare
time.
业余时间我经常看书。
We
go
to
school
at
6
am
every
day.
我们每天早上六点去上学。
2．表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mary
is
good
at
music.
玛丽擅长音乐。
He
knows
a
lot
of
English.
他懂得很多英语。
3．表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Knowledge
is
power.
知识就是力量。
Pride
goes
before
a
fall.
骄者必败。
4．在时间、让步和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
We
shall
not
begin
the
discussion
until
he
arrives.
等他来了，我们再开始讨论。
You'll
make
great
progress
if
you
work
hard!
如果你努力学习，就会取得很大进步。
5．表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，如go,
come,
leave,
start,
begin,
open,
close,
arrive,
take
off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。
The
train
leaves
at
7：25
this
evening.
火车今晚7：25开。
Our
summer
vacation
begins
in
early
July.
我们的暑假七月初开始。
6．用于小说、故事、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等。
Harry
Potter
is
set
in
the
modern
world.
《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。
[即学即练1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The
shop
opens
(open)
at
nine
every
day.
②I'll
follow
him
wherever
he
goes
(go).
③Tom
calls
(call)
his
parents
once
a
week.
④Helen
says
she
will
leave
the
company
if
she
is_punished
(punish)
for
her
carelessness.
(2)完成句子
⑤在你忘记之前，你最好把她的电话号码记下来。
You'd
better
write
down
her
phone
number
before
you
forget
it.
⑥飞机将于下午4点起飞。
The
plane
takes
off
at
4
pm.
二、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now,
at
present,
at
this
moment等连用。
All
the
classmates
are
reviewing
the
lesson
in
the
classroom
now.
同学们正在教室里复习功课。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。常与these
days,
this
week/month,
recently等连用。
These
days
we
are
helping
the
farmers
work
on
the
farm.
这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。
2．现在进行时常与always,
continually,
constantly,
forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。
She
is
always
thinking
of
others
instead
of
herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。(赞扬)
The
boy
is
constantly
asking
such
silly
questions.
那个男孩老是提这类愚蠢的问题。(不耐烦)
[名师点津]
现在进行时的这一用法与一般现在时的区别在于，后者只是说明事实，不含感彩。
He
is
constantly
doing
good
work
at
school.
他在学校总是成绩优秀。(表扬)
He
does
good
work
at
school.
他在学校成绩优秀。(事实)
3．在口语中，表示主语按计划将要进行的动作。常与come(来),
go(去),
leave(离开),
depart
(离开),
arrive(到达),
start/begin
(开始),
take
off(起飞)等动词(词组)连用。
Mr
Smith
is
leaving
for
Nanjing
tonight.
史密斯先生今晚去南京。
[即学即练2]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Hurry
up!
Mark
and
Carol
are_expecting
(expect)
us.
②A
new
cinema
is_being_built
(build)
here.
They
hope
to
finish
it
next
month.
(2)用现在进行时完成句子
③The
mothers
now
are
always
sending
their
children
(总是送她们的孩子)to
all
kinds
of
classes
after
school.
④He
is
preparing
for
(正在准备)
the
exam.
三、一般将来时
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
1．shall/will＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。
I
think
they
will
help
you
if
you
tell
them.
我认为只要你告诉他们，他们会帮助你的。
—Tom
was
injured
badly
in
the
accident
yesterday.
—Oh,
I
didn't
know.
I
will
see
him
after
work.
——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。
——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。(临时决定)
2．will＋动词原形，表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。
Wherever
he
goes,
he
will
take
an
umbrella
with
him.
无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。
3．除“shall/will＋动词原形”构成一般将来时外，以下形式也可构成将来时：
(1)be
going
to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备，打算，有迹象表明要做某事。
What
are
you
going
to
do
next
Sunday?
下星期天你打算干什么？
Look,
it's
going
to
rain.
瞧，要下雨了。
(2)be
about
to
do
sth.意为“正要做某事；马上要做某事”。
Please
get
everything
ready.
The
experiment
is
about
to
start.
请准备好一切。实验就要开始了。
[名师点津]
be
about
to
do多与when连用，一般不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。
(3)be
to
do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。
Who
is
to
clean
the
classroom
today?
今天该谁打扫教室了？
[即学即练3]用所给词的适当形式填空
①—Jack
is
waiting
for
you
at
the
gate
of
your
company.
—Oh,
thank
you.
I
will_go
(go)
out
and
meet
him.
②No
one
is
to_leave
(leave)
this
building
without
the
permission
of
the
police.
③Look
at
the
clouds.
There
is_going_to_be
(be)
a
storm.
④—How
can
I
apply
for
an
online
course?
—Just
fill
out
this
form
and
we
will_see
(see)
what
we
can
do
for
you.
四、现在完成时
1．表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already,
yet,
never,
before,
so
far,
up
to
now等连用。
I
have
already
made
a
plan
for
my
study
ahead
of
time.
我已经提前制订了学习计划。
[名师点津]
时态
区别
现在完成时
强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响——落脚点在现在
一般过去时
着重说明动作发生在过去，强调动作本身——落脚点在过去
She
has
lived
in
Paris
for
twenty
years.
她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能刚搬走，还可能继续住下去)
She
lived
in
Paris
for
twenty
years.
她在巴黎住了20年。(现在已经不在那儿住了)
2．表示从过去开始持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作或状态，这时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：lately,
recently,
these
days,
in
the
past
few
days,
during
the
last
two
weeks,
since
two
days
ago,
for
a
long
time等。
We
have
learned
English
for
eight
years.
我们学习英语八年了。
3．在“It/This
is
the
first/second...last
time＋从句”与“It/This
is
the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。
It
is
the
first
time
I
have
driven
a
car.
这是我第一次开车。
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
he
has
made.
这是他拍的最有趣的电影。
[名师点津]
若It
is
the
first/second...that...句型中is改为was，从句中的谓语动词应用had
done形式。
4．在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中代替将来完成时。
I'll
go
to
the
party
as
soon
as
I
have
finished
my
homework.
我一完成作业就会去参加聚会。
[即学即练4]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①By
the
time
he
realizes
he
has_walked
(walk)
into
a
trap,
it'll
be
too
late
for
him
to
do
anything
about
it.
②His
first
novel
has_received
(receive)
good
reviews
since
it
came
out
last
month.
③I'm
glad
you
have_made
(make)
great
progress
so
far.
Keep
it
up
and
you
must
be
successful.
④It
is
the
first
time
that
he
has_been_invited
(invite)
to
Japan.
⑤It
is
the
most
instructive
lecture
that
I
have_attended
(attend)
since
I
came
to
this
school.
(2)完成句子
⑥在过去的20年里这个小城发生了巨大的变化。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
small
city
in
the
last
20
years.
⑦最近广场周围新种了不少树。
Recently,
lots
of
trees
have
been
planted
around
the
square.
链接高考——单句语法填空
1．(2018·浙江)You
probably
have_used
(use)
caffeine
since
childhood.
2．(2018·北京)China's
high?speed
railways
have_grown
(grow)
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
3．(2018·天津)My
washing
machine
is_being_repaired
(repair)
this
week，so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
4．(2017·北京)People
have
(have)
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to，and
they're
living
longer
as
a
result.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When
summer
comes
(come)，they
will
invite
their
students
to
pick
the
fresh
vegetables!
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I
have_grown
(grow)
not
only
physically，but
also
mentally
in
the
past
few
years.
7．(2017·江苏)He's
been
informed
that
he
doesn't_qualify
(not
qualify)
for
the
scholarship
because
of
his
academic
background.
8．(2016·北京)I
have_read
(read)
half
of
the
English
novel，and
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
9．(2015·北京)—Dr
Jackson
is
not
in
his
office
at
the
moment.
—All
right.
I
will_call
(call)
him
later.
10．(2015·湖南)As
you
go
through
this
book，you
will_find
(find)
that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
War
Ⅱ
had
a
different
experience.
PAGE
-
1
-Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．edition
n.
(广播、电视节目的)期；版
2．cute
adj.
逗人喜爱的
3．distinctive
adj.
与众不同的
4．criticise
vt.
批评
5．standard
adj.
标准的
6．rapid
adj.迅速的→rapidly
adv.迅速地
7．announce
v．宣布；声明→announcement
n．声明；宣告
8．add
vt.加；增加→addition
n．增加；增加物→additional
adj.额外的，附加的
9．present
vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)
10．attempt
n．努力；尝试→attempted
adj.未遂的
11．simplify
vt.简化→simple
adj.简单的→simply
adv.简单地；仅仅；只不过
12．combine
v．结合；联合；组合→combination
n．组合；结合
13．look
n．外观；外表；样子
14．refer
v．参考；查阅；谈及；提到→reference
n．参考；查阅
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．get_used_to
习惯于
2．so_far
迄今为止
3．pick_up
(偶然)学会；捡起；开车接
4．belong_to
属于
5．in_favour_of
同意；支持
6．refer
to...as...
称……为……
7．thanks_to
由于；幸亏，多亏
8．graduate
from...
从……毕业
9．instead_of
代替；而不是
10．be_known_for
因……而出名
11．a
period
of
time
一段时间
12．on
the
air
正在广播
13．make
a
fuss
of
sb.
对某人过分爱护
14．a
couple
of
几个，两三个
15．wear
off
慢慢消失
16．a
little
bit
easier
稍微容易些
17．written
English
书面英语
18．a
standard
reference
book
一本标准的参考书
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．正如大家所知道的，每周我们都会在本节目中讨论我们现在生活的方式的一个方面。
As
you
know，every
week
on
this
programme
we
discuss
an
aspect
of
the
way
we
live
now.
2．由于我懂得当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。
I'm
getting
on
just
fine，now
that
I
understand
the
local
accent.
3．在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。
In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always
represent
the
sound.
4．一些单词仅仅是看上去有许多字母。
And
some
words
just
seem
to
have
too
many
letters.
5．到19世纪50年代，它每年售出100万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
By
the
1850s
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year，making_
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever.
课文预读
The
Man
Who
Made
Spelling
Simple
In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always①
represent②
the
sound.
So
people
say
/ra?t/
but
spell
it
right,
or
write,
or
even
rite.
Combinations③
of
letters
(like
ough)
may
be
pronounced
in
a
number
of
ways④.
And
some
words
just
seem
to
have
too
many
letters.
For
Americans
things
are
a
little
bit⑤
easier,
thanks
to⑥
the
work
of
Noah
Webster,
a
teacher
who
graduated
from⑦
Yale
University
in
1778⑧.
As
a
young
man⑨
he
had
fought
against⑩
the
British
in
the
American
War
of
Independence,
and
he
felt
that
written
English
in
the
newly
independent
United
States
should
have
a
distinctive?
“American”
look?.
So
he
began
his
work
on
American
English.
His
first
book,
The
Elementary
Spelling
Book,
suggested?
simplifying?
the
spelling
of
English
words.
The
book
was
extremely?
popular.
By
the
1850s
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year,
making?
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever?.
Many
of
the
suggestions
were
quickly
adopted?.
Center
instead
of
centre,
program
instead
of
programme,
and
flavor
instead
of
flavour.
Others,
however,
such
as
removing
silent
letters?
like
the
s
in
island
or
the
final
e
in
examine,
were
not.
①not
always并不总是，表示部分否定。
②represent
vt.代表；描写
③combination/?k?mb?'ne??n/n.组合；结合
④in
a
number
of
ways以多种方式
⑤a
little
bit稍微
⑥thanks
to幸亏，多亏
⑦graduate
from毕业于
⑧a
teacher是Noah
Webster的同位语，who引导定语从句，修饰a
teacher。
⑨as
a
young
man年轻时，注意as不要直译为“作为”。
⑩fight
against与……作斗争；为反对……而斗争
fight
for为……而斗争
?distinctive/d?'st??kt?v/adj.与众不同的
?look/l?k/n.外观；外表；样子用作复数时，意为“相貌”。
?suggest
doing...
建议做……
?simplify/'s?mpl?fa?/vt.简化
?extremely
adv.尤其，非常
?现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。
?ever与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。
?adopt
vt.采用，采纳；领养
注意形似词adapt，意为“使……适应，改编”。
?silent
letters不发音的字母
?be
best
known
for因……而最著名
原级：be
well
known
for
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language。
introduce
vt.引进
pronunciation
n．发音
pronounce
v．发音
criticise
/'kr?t??sa?z/vt.批评
criticise
sb.
for
sth.因某事批评某人
standard/'st?nd?d/adj.标准的
reference/'ref?r?ns/n.参考；查阅
a
reference
book参考书
译文助读
让拼写变得简单的人
在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音，所以人们读/ra?t/，但把它拼成right，或者write，甚至是rite。字母组合(如ough)可能有多种发音方式。一些单词仅仅是看上去由许多字母组成。
对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)就稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人的工作。他是一位教师，于1778年毕业于耶鲁大学。他年轻时曾在美国独立战争中与英国人作斗争。他觉得在新独立的美国，书面英语应该有独特的“美国”面貌。
因此他开始研究美式英语。他的第一本书《基础拼写手册》建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到19世纪50年代，它每年能卖出一百万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的教材之一。
书中的很多建议很快被采纳了：center替代了centre，program替代了programme，flavor替代了flavour。而另外的一些建议，如去掉像island中不发音的字母s和像examine中词末不发音的字母e，则没有被采纳。
韦伯斯特的《美式英语词典》为他赚尽了名声，该词典于1828年首次出版。它引进了许多新的美式英语单词，书中有它们的发音和用法，当然，还有新的拼法。英国人批评这本词典，但它很快成了美国的标准参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典仍是美国学生的首选词典。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
Look
through
the
passage
quickly
and
decide
if
the
statements
are
true
or
false.
1．Webster
is
best
known
for
his
The
Elementary
Spelling
Book.( F )
2．In
English
the
spelling
of
words
always
represents
the
sound.
( F )
3．In
American
English，today
the
word
“colour”
may
be
written
as
“color”.
( T )
4．Today，Webster's
dictionary
is
still
the
number
one
dictionary
for
American
and
Chinese
students.( F )
5．Noah
Webster
suggested
simplifying
the
spelling
of
English
words.
( T )
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
word
“represent”
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．stand
for
B．present
C．take
D．use
答案：A
2．What
can
we
know
about
Noah
Webster
in
the
text?
A．He
graduated
from
Yale
University
in
1788.
B．He
once
worked
as
a
lawyer.
C．He
fought
against
the
British
in
the
American
War
of
Independence.
D．He
is
popular
among
the
British.
答案：C
3．Which
one
is
not
the
reason
for
writing
an
American
dictionary?
A．In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always
represent
the
sound.
B．Some
British
words
have
too
many
letters.
C．Webster
thought
the
newly
independent
United
States
should
have
a
distinctive
“American”
look.
D．The
British
dictionaries
are
not
good.
答案：D
4．Which
is
TRUE
for
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language?
A．It
first
appeared
in
1818.
B．The
British
also
like
it
very
much.
C．It
introduced
lots
of
new
American
words.
D．It
is
not
popular
nowadays.
答案：C
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always
represent
the
sound.
Combinations
of
letters
may
__1__
(pronounce)
in
many
ways.
And
some
words
just
seem
__2__
(have)
too
many
letters.
Thanks
__3__
the
work
of
Noah
Webster，a
teacher
__4__
graduated
from
Yale
University
in
1778，things
are
a
little
bit
__5__
(easy)
for
Americans.
He
felt
that
written
English
in
the
__6__
(new)
independent
United
States
should
have
a
distinctive
American
look.
His
first
book，The
Elementary
Spelling
Book，suggested
__7__
(simplify)
the
spelling
of
English
words.
By
the
1850s，it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year，__8__
(make)
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever.
Many
of
the
suggestions
__9__
(adopt).
Others，__10__，such
as
removing
silent
letters
like
s
in
island
or
the
final
e
in
examine，were
not.
1．be_pronounced 2.to_have 3.to 4.who/that 5.easier
6．newly 7.simplifying 8.making 9.were_adopted
10．however
1
派生词：addition
n．增加，附加
additional
adj.额外的，附加的
(教材P8)Now
add
some
more
ideas
in
favour
of
your
chosen
variety.
现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语种类。
[归纳拓展]
(1)add...to...
把……加到……上，在……中加上……
add
to增加；增添(后一般跟difficulty(困难)，trouble(麻烦)，nervousness(紧张感)，pleasure(快乐)等抽象名词)
add
up把……加起来；累计(强调将事物或数字相加的动作)
add
up
to总计达，总共有(强调相加后的结果，后常跟表示计算结果的数字)
(2)in
addition
另外，除此之外(在句中作状语)
in
addition
to除……之外还有(＝as
well
as/besides)
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They're
the
little
spots
of
color
like
throw
pillows,
mirrors
and
baskets
that
most
of
us
use
to
add
visual
interest
to
our
rooms.
它们是像抱枕、镜子和篮子一样的小色斑，我们大多数人用它们来增加房间的视觉趣味。
[经典例句]
Will
you
add
more
sugar
to
the
coffee?
咖啡里你需要再加些糖吗？
Every
failure
one
meets
with
adds
to
one's
experience.
吃一堑，长一智。
He
added
up
those
numbers
and
they
added
up
to
5,050.
他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为5
050。
You
need
money
and
time；in
addition，you
need
diligence.
你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。
In
addition
to
my
weekly
wage，I
got
a
lot
of
tips.
除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。
[语境串记]
The
head
teacher
praised
the
boy
who
did
some
cleaning
of
the
classroom，adding
that
what
he
did
added
to
the
beauty
of
the
class.
In
addition
to
his
good
deed，the
boy
worked
on
the
lesson
so
well.
班主任表扬了那个打扫教室的男孩，并补充说他所做的事增添了教室的美。除了他行为很好之外，这个男孩学习也很好。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
President
agreed,
adding
(add)
that
he
hoped
for
a
peaceful
solution.
②Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
additional
(add)
benefits
beyond
being
physically
fit.
③Our
café
offers
a
complete
menu
of
lunch
and
snack
options,
in
addition
to
seasonal
specials.
④The
dictionary
is
out
of
date：many
words
have_been_added
(add)
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
(教材P8)Present
your
ideas
to
the
rest
of
the
class.
把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At
present,
the
world
has
about
6,800
languages.
目前，世界上大约有6
800种语言。
[经典例句]
On
Teachers'
Day,
my
students
presented
me
with
some
flowers.
＝On
Teachers'
Day,
my
students
presented
some
flowers
to
me.
教师节那一天，我的学生送给我一些花。
How
many
people
were
present
at
the
meeting
yesterday?
昨天出席会议的有多少人？
At
present,
more
and
more
people
are
living
a
happy
life.
现在，越来越多的人正过着幸福的生活。
I've
got
enough
money
for
the
present,
but
I
must
go
to
the
bank
tomorrow.
我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。
[语境串记]
The
boss
was
not
satisfied
with
the
present
plan，so
he
asked
the
engineers
who
were
present
at
the
meeting
to
present
a
new
one
in
a
day.
老板对当前的计划不满意，所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一天之内提出一个新的计划。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①David's
manager
presented
him
with
the
award
for
best
sales
in
the
region.
②I'm
sorry
he's
out
at
present.
③The
suggestions
presented
(present)
at
the
meeting
will
be
discussed
later.
3
派生词：attempted
adj.未遂的，企图的
(教材P9)Can
you
see
any
similarities
between
Webster's
work
and
attempts
to
simplify
Chinese?
你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every
gap
with
conversation.
因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。
[经典例句]
She
made
an
attempt
to
get
them
on
the
telephone,
but
nobody
was
home.
她试图与他们取得电话联系，
但家里没有人。
He
was
as
proud
as
a
peacock
when
he
passed
his
driving
test
at
his/the
first
attempt.
当在第一次尝试中通过驾照考试时，他得意洋洋。
[易混辨析]attempt/manage
attempt
表示试图做某事，但不一定有结果，与try同义，但比try正式
manage
表示设法成功做成某事
They
attempted
to
climb
the
steepest
part
of
the
mountain,
but
failed.
They
didn't
lose
heart
and
tried
again.
At
last,
they
managed
to
get
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
他们试图从最陡峭的地方爬山，但是失败了。他们没有气馁，又尝试了一次，最后成功登上了山顶。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①He
came
across
that
floor
waving
his
arms
like
a
young
bird
attempting
(attempt)
its
first
flight.
②Body
language
is
particularly
important
when
we
attempt
to_communicate
(communicate)
across
cultures.
③Dale
took
his
mother's
advice，tried
desperately
and
after
several
attempts
(attempt)
finally
made
it.
pick
up
拾起，捡起；?无意中?学会；接收?信号?；?开车?接?人?；好转；恢复
(教材P7)If
Callum
picked
up
the
local
accent
he
started
to
use
it.
如果卡勒姆学会当地口音，他就开始使用它。
[归纳拓展]
pick
up
speed
加速
pick
out
挑选；辨认出
pick
off
摘掉
[品读高考]
(2018·浙江)Should
you
come
across
waste
paper
thrown
out
of
a
passing
car,
pick
it
up.
万一你遇到从路过的汽车里扔出来的废纸，把它捡起来。
[经典例句]
We
drove
to
the
airport
the
next
morning
to
pick
up
Susan.
我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。
It's
easy
to
pick
him
out
in
a
crowd
because
he
is
very
tall.
因为他个子很高，所以很容易在人群中辨认出他。
Don't
pick
off
any
of
these
flowers.
这些花一朵也不要采摘。
[即学即练]写出pick
up在句中的含义
①They
depend
on
the
goodwill
of
visitors
to
pick
up
rubbish.
拾起，捡起
②He
picked
up
some
English
words
while
he
was
travelling
in
England.偶然学会(语言、某种技能等)
③It
is
at
the
hotel
that
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.(用车)接某人
④We
can
pick
up
Italian
television.收听，收看(节目，电台等)
⑤He
is
beginning
to
pick
up
after
the
operation.
(身体)好转
本句中not与always连用表示部分否定。
[归纳拓展]
?1?否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every，everyone，everybody，everything，both，all连用时，不论not在什么位置都表示部分否定，意为“并不都是；不全是”。
?2?若要表示全部否定，则需要用相应的表示全部的否定词。如all→none，both→neither，every→no，everyone→no
one，everybody→nobody，everything→nothing。
[品读高考]
(2018·天津)Not
everybody
can
do
that.
不是每个人都能做到。
[经典例句]
Even
the
wise
are
not
always
free
from
error.
智者千虑，必有一失。
Both
of
the
two
math
problems
are
not
very
difficult.
这两道数学题并非都很难。(部分否定)
Neither
of
his
sisters
agrees
to
his
suggestion.
他两个姐姐都不同意他的提议。(全部否定)
[即学即练]句型转换
①All
birds
don't
fly
south
for
the
winter.
→Not
all
birds
fly
south
for
the
winter.
②Both
of
the
two
math
problems
are
not
very
difficult.
→Not
both
of
the
two
math
problems
are
very
difficult.
By
the
1850s,
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year,
making
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever.
到十九世纪五十年代，它每年售出一百万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的教材之一。
本句中making
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。
[归纳拓展]
(1)现在分词短语作结果状语表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果，表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或therefore(因而，因此)；分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语也可以是前面的整个句子，逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(2)不定式作结果状语通常表示“出乎意料或不愉快”的结果，有时为了加强语气，还在其前面加only。
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)Around
13,
500
new
jobs
were
created
during
the
period,
exceeding
the
expected
number
of
12,000
held
by
market
analysts.
在这期间，大约创造了13
500个新的工作，超过市场分析师预期的12
000个。
[经典例句]
She
left
the
room
so
hurriedly,
leaving
the
lights
on
for
the
whole
night.
她离开房间时太匆忙了，结果忘了关灯而让灯亮了整整一个晚上。
The
car
was
caught
in
a
traffic
jam,
thus
causing
the
delay.
这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，因此晚点了。
I
hurried
there,
only
to
find
that
all
of
them
had
gone.
我匆匆赶到那里，结果发现他们都走了。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
hospital
has
recently
introduced
new
medical
equipment,
allowing
(allow)
more
patients
to
be
treated.
②The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows,
making
(make)
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
③Anxiously,
she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on,
only
to_find
(find)
it
didn't
fit.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
little
girl
is
so
cute
that
everyone
likes
her.
2．Try
to
simplify
your
explanation
for
the
children
as
it
is
difficult
for
them
to
understand
it.
3．He
criticised
me
for
failing
to
complete
the
work
on
time.
4．From
the
look
on
his
face，we
know
bad
news
is
coming.
5．All
the
people
present
were
all
quite
satisfied
with
his
performance.
6．The
announcement
(声明)was
broadcast
on
both
radio
and
television.
7．If
you
speak
standard
(标准的)English，you
can
make
yourself
understood
whether
in
Britain
or
in
the
United
States.
8．He
carried
on
the
business
in
combination
(联合)with
his
friends.
9．His
attempt
(努力)at
comforting
her
just
made
matters
even
worse.
10．You
may
refer
to
your
reference
(参考)book
after
having
finished
your
homework.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
get
used
to，thanks
to，in
favour
of，belong
to，wear
off，refer
to，pick
up，so
far，a
couple
of，instead
of
1．Are
you
in_favour_of
the
proposal
that
he
put
forward
yesterday?
2．Thanks_to
his
advice，I
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition.
3．You
shouldn't
refer_to
any
textbook
in
the
exam.
4．David's
health
is
expected
to
pick_up
after
a
few
days'
rest.
5．It
took
them
almost
a
month
to
get_used_to
the
new
school
life.
6．The
house
used
to
belong_to
him
but
he
sold
it
last
year.
7．The
effects
of
the
painkiller
began
to
wear_off
and
I
felt
very
painful.
8．I
have
finished
reading
10
books
so_far.
9．I
think
the
trouble
will
clear
up
in
a_couple_of
days.
10．I
wanted
to
do
something
more
meaningful
instead_of
wasting
my
life.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．He
comes
home
late
every
evening，and
it
makes
his
wife
very
angry.
→He
comes
home
late
every
evening，which
makes
his
wife
very
angry.(改为非限制性定语从句)
→He
comes
home
late
every
evening，making
his
wife
very
angry.(改为分词作状语)
2．We
all
refer
to
her
as
our
elder
sister.(改为被动语态)
→She
is
referred
to
as
our
elder
sister
by
us
all.
3．It
seems
that
the
writer's
imagination
has
dried
up.(同义句转换)
→The
writer's
imagination
seems
to
have
dried
up.
4．All
the
students
don't
like
playing
basketball.(同义句转换)
→Not
all
the
students
like
playing
basketball.
5．The
voters
who
agreed
to
the
suggestion
raised
their
hands.(同义句转换)
→The
voters
in
favour
of
the
suggestion
raised
their
hands.
PAGE
-
5
-Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅳ Writing——介绍类说明文
本单元的写作要求是根据提供的信息写一篇介绍类说明文——介绍一种语言。
一、基本结构
说明文一般由三个部分组成：
第一部分：阐明文章的主题，即文章想要说明的主要内容。该部分可以用一个句子完成，也可以用一个篇幅不长的段落完成。
第二部分：对文章的主题进行展开说明。该部分可由若干的段落组成。常见的说明方法有：
1．罗列法。常用firstly,
secondly...and
finally对所要说明的内容加以罗列。
2．比较法。即对两个事物的相同点或不同点进行比较。
3．例证法。即用具体例子进行说明，常用for
example等短语引出具体的例子。
4．顺序法。顺序法包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序等。一篇说明文可能只需要使用一种说明方法，有时也需要几种说明方法共用。
第三部分：文章的结尾。说明文的结尾段应该对全文所说明的内容加以总结，并与该文的第一部分内容形成呼应。
二、增分佳句
1．With
the
development
of
economy...
2．It
is
often
said
that...
3．Among
all
the
given
reasons,
one
should
be
mentioned...
4．One
thing
which
is
equally
important
to
the
above
mentioned
is...
5．The
main
reason
why...is
that...
6．Take...for
example/instance...
7．Another
special
consideration
in
this
case
is
that...
8．Besides,
we
should
not
neglect
that...
9．Therefore,
these
findings
show
the
following
information...
10．Taking
into
account
all
these
factors,
we
may
safely
reach
the
conclusion
that...
假如你是Tom，你的笔友李华对美式英语和英式英语的区别感到很困惑。请你给李华写一封邮件介绍美式英语和英式英语的区别，并提出自己的看法。
注意：词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总数。
Dear
Li
Hua，
It
is
understandable
that
you
got
confused
when
you
first
heard
the
terms
of
American
English
and
British
English._____________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours
sincerely，
Tom
分析
体裁
说明文
主题
美式英语和英式英语的区别
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称和第二人称
结构
第一段：简要介绍美式英语与英式英语在四个方面有区别。第二段：具体介绍美式英语与英式英语区别所在。第三段：介绍美式英语与英式英语有很多共性，分清它们的区别并不难，以此对对方进行鼓励。
1.用词
(1)differ
v.
不同，有区别
(2)obvious
adj.
显然的，显而易见的
(3)variety
n.
种类
(4)confusing
adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
(5)have...in
common
有相同的特点
(6)after_all
毕竟
2．造句
(1)例如，英国人给车加petrol而美国人加gas。(while连接并列句)
For
example，British
people
fill
up
their
cars
with
petrol
while
Americans
with
gas.
(2)当你正在阅读时，你或许也会发现一些有着不同拼写的美式单词如color和center而不是colour和centre。(while引导时间状语从句)
While
you
are
reading，you
may
also
find
some
American
words
with
different
spellings
like
color
and
center
instead
of
colour
and
centre.
(3)尽管它们有些不同，但是美式英语和英式英语有很多共同点。(have...in
common)
Although
they
are
a
little
different，American
English
and
British
English
have
a
lot
in
common.
(4)因此来自两个国家的人理解对方并不难。(have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.)
So
people
from
the
two
countries
won't
have
difficulty
understanding
each
other.
(5)用状语从句的省略改写句(2)
While_reading，you_may_also_find_some_American_words_with_different_spellings_like_color__and_center__instead_of_colour_and_centre.
(6)用as引导的让步状语从句改写句(3)
A_little_different_as_they_are，American_English_and_British_English_have_a_lot_in_common.
3．成篇
Dear_Li_Hua，
It_is_understandable_that_you_got_confused_when_you_first_heard_the_terms_of_American_English_and_British_English._They_differ_mainly_in_four_aspects:_vocabulary,_grammar,_spelling_and_pronunciation.
The_most_obvious_difference_is_the_vocabulary._For_example，British_people_fill_up_their_cars_with__petrol_while_Americans_with_gas._While_reading,_you_may_also_find_some_American_words_with_different_spellings_like_color_and_center_instead_of_colour_and_centre.
A_little_different_as_they_are，American_English_and_British_English_have_a_lot_in_common._After_all，they_are_still_English._So_people_from_the_two_countries_won't_have_difficulty_understanding_each_other._In_fact，with_frequent_communication_between_the_two_countries，the_two_varieties_are_coming_closer._So_don't_worry._When_you_have_learned_some_of_the_differences，you_will_find_they_are_not_so_confusing，but_interesting.
Yours_sincerely，
Tom
PAGE
-
1
-
