Module
3
My
First
Ride
on
a
Trai
Section
Ⅳ Writing——游记
本单元的写作要求是写一篇游记，记述旅途中所见所闻，并通过对当地的风土人情、山川地貌、人文景致、名胜古迹等方面的描写来表达作者的思想感情。
一、基本结构
游记一般分为三部分：
开头部分：引出话题，简要介绍游览的情况；
主体部分：详细记述游览过程；
结尾部分：要抒发自己的体验与感受。
二、增分佳句
常用的开头语：
1．In
order
to
encourage
the
students
to
take
outdoor
exercise,
our
school
organized...
2．Today,
our
school
organized
an
interesting
outing
for
us.
3．Last
weekend,
my
parents
and
I
went
to...for
a
holiday.
4．Now,
I'd
like
to
tell
you
something
about
a
new
attraction...
环境描述语：
1．Standing
on
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
temple
has
experienced
many
changes
in
this
area.
2．Surrounded
by
mountains
on
three
sides,
the
small
village
faces
a
clear
river
on
the
east.
3．West
of
the
city
stands
a
tall
building.
4．Sydney
is
the
biggest
city
in
Australia,
which
has
many
places
of
interest,
among
which
is
the
Opera
House.
5．The
West
Lake
is
famous
for
its
beautiful
scenery.
6．On
the
way
to
Moscow
I
saw
some
farm
houses
which
were
abandoned.
常用的结束语：
1．I'll
never
forget...
2．This
is
an
unusual/unforgettable
journey
to
London
Tower.
3．This
was
a
real
life?changing
experience
that
I
would
never
forget.
4．We
had
a
good
time/enjoyed
ourselves
there.
5．We
were
very
tired,
but
we
really
had
a
wonderful
day.
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信询问你今年暑假的旅行情况，请你根据以下提示给他写一封回信。
游览地
青岛
人物
和父母
交通方式
火车
活动
海边拍照、散步；海中游泳；爬崂山
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
doing?
In
your
last
letter,
you
asked
me
about
my
travel
during
the
summer
holiday.
Now
let
me
introduce
it
to
you.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
分析
体裁
应用文
主题
介绍旅行情况
时态
一般过去时
人称
第一人称为主
结构
第一段：写信目的第二段：详细介绍游览过程第三段：抒发自己的感受
1.用词
(1)
scenery
n.
风景，景色
(2)
seaside
n.
海滨
(3)
exhausted
adj.
疲惫不堪的
(4)
get_on_the_train
上火车
(5)
at_midnight
在半夜
(6)
refer_to
参考，查阅
2．造句
(1)今年暑假，我和父母去青岛欣赏美丽的风景。
This
summer
holiday,
my
parents
and
I
went
to
Qingdao
to
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery.
(2)我们半夜时分登上火车。
We
got
on
the
train
at
midnight.
(3)六个小时后我们到达青岛火车站。我们在那儿买了一张地图以备查阅。
Six
hours
later,
we
got
to
the
Qingdao
train
station.
We
bought
a
map
there
in
case
we
might
refer
to
it.
(4)首先我们去了迷人的海边，在那儿，我们拍了一些照片，尽情地在沙滩上散步，在海中游泳。
We
first
went
to
the
attractive
seaside.
We
took
some
photos,
walked
on
the
sands
and
swam
in
the
sea
as
much
as
we
liked
there.
(5)尽管到达山顶时我们筋疲力尽，但我们很高兴。
Though
we
were
exhausted
when
we
got
to
the
top
of
it,
we
felt
very
glad.
(6)这是一次完美的旅行。
It
is
a
perfect
journey.
(7)将句(3)升级为含有定语从句的句子
Six_hours_later,_we_got_to_the_Qingdao_train_station,_where_we_bought_a_map_in_case_we_might_refer_to_it.
(8)将句(4)升级为含有定语从句的句子
We_first_went_to_the_attractive_seaside,_where_we_took_some_photos,_walked_on_the_sands_and_swam_in_the_sea_as_much_as_we_liked.
(9)将句(5)升级为倒装句
Exhausted_though_we_were_when_we_got_to_the_top_of_it,_we_felt_very_glad.
(10)将句(6)升级为感叹句
What_a_perfect_journey!
3．成篇
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
doing?
In
your
last
letter,
you
asked
me
about
my
travel
during
the
summer
holiday.
Now
let
me
introduce
it
to
you.
This
summer
holiday,
my
parents
and
I
went
to
Qingdao
to
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery.
This
was
our
first
long?distance
train
ride.
We
got
on
the
train
at
midnight.
Six
hours
later,
we
got
to
the
Qingdao
train
station
where
we
bought
a
map
in
case
we
might
refer
to
it.
We
first
went
to
the
attractive
seaside,
where
we
took
some
photos,
walked
on
the
sands
and
swam
in
the
sea
as
much
as
we
liked.
After
lunch,
we
decided
to
climb
Mountain
Lao.
Though
we
were
exhausted
when
we
got
to
the
top
of
it,
we
felt
very
glad.
What
a
perfect
journey!
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
-
1
-Module
3
My
First
Ride
on
a
Trai
Section
Ⅲ
Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．circus
n.
马戏团
2．seaside
n.
海滨
3．stadium
n.
运动场；体育场
4．eagle
n.
鹰
5．kindergarten
n.
幼儿园
6．apartment
n.
(美)公寓；单元住宅
7．cartoon
n.
卡通；漫画
8．event
n.
事件
9．downtown
adj.
商业区的；市中心的
10．vacuum
n.
真空；空白
11．rail
n.
铁轨
12．ceremony
n.
仪式
13．track
n.
轨道
14．souvenir
n.
纪念品
15.
frighten
vt.使吃惊；惊吓→
fright
n．惊吓；恐怖→
frightening
adj.令人恐惧的→
frightened
adj.受惊吓的
16.
interview
n．面试；面谈→
interviewer
n．主考官；面试者→
interviewee
n．被面试者
17.
exhausted
adj.疲惫不堪的→
exhausting
adj.令人疲惫的→
exhaustion
n．筋疲力尽；疲惫不堪
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．过期；过时
out_of_date
2．第一次
for_the_first_time
3．总是；一直
all_the_time
4．擅长
be_good_at
5．在20世纪30年代
in_the_1930s
6．参加开幕式
attend_the_opening_ceremony
7．以……的速度
at_a_speed_of
8．ride
a
bicycle
骑自行车
9．see
a
wild
animal
看野生动物
10．see
a
film
看电影
11．swimming
pool
游泳池
12．make
a
film
拍电影
13．on
the
track
在轨道上
14．a
new
world
record
一项新的世界纪录
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．介意给我看一下你的票吗？
Would
you
mind
if
I
saw
your
ticket?
2．你认为检票员的态度怎么样？
What
do
you
think
of
the
ticket
inspector's
attitude?
3．我记得我父亲教我如何骑自行车的那一天。
I
remember
the
day
my
father
tried
to
teach
me
how
to
ride
a
bicycle.
4.拍摄一部电影要花费很长时间。
It
takes
a
long
time
to
make
a
film.
5.火车以每小时400多公里的速度行驶，在8分钟之内就能完成这段30公里的路程。
Travelling
at
a
speed
of
over
400
kilometres
per
hour,
the
train
can
complete
the
30?kilometre
journey
in
eight
minutes.
课文预读
译文助读
磁悬浮列车——世界上最快的列车
世界上最快的列车——超速磁悬浮列车，奔驰在上海浦东机场和上海市商业区的龙阳车站之间。列车以每小时400千米的速度前进，在8分钟内就完成了30千米的路程。
磁悬浮的意思是“磁力悬浮”。超速磁悬浮列车是世界上第一列使用磁悬浮技术的高速列车。磁悬浮列车是在两块磁铁间的真空中行驶。既无铁轨，又无噪音。它们速度很快，而且能量消耗较少。
2002年12月31日，朱镕基总理和德国总理参加了通车开幕式。两位领导人乘坐着这趟列车去了浦东机场。
2003年11月12日，这列磁悬浮列车在龙阳车站和浦东之间轨道上的速度达到了每小时501千米，创造了列车时速世界新纪录。
课文理解
Step
Ⅰ
Fast
reading
Look
through
the
passage
quickly
and
decide
if
the
statements
are
true
or
false.
1．The
fastest
train
in
the
world
runs
between
Shanghai's
Pudong
Airport
and
Longyang
Station
in
uptown
Shanghai.( F )
2．The
Transrapid
Maglev
can
complete
the
30?kilometre
journey
in
eighteen
minutes.( F )
3．The
Transrapid
Maglev
travels
very
fast
and
uses
less
energy.( T )
4．Maglev
trains
can
run
at
a
speed
of
501
kilometres
per
minute.( F )
Step
Ⅱ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．From
the
first
paragraph,
we
know
that
it
is
________
from
Pudong
Airport
to
Longyang
Station.
A．400
kilometres
B．30
kilometres
C．133
kilometres
D．501
kilometres
答案：B
2．Which
is
NOT
the
advantage
of
the
Maglev
train
according
to
the
passage?
A．High
speed.
B．Using
magnetic
levitation
technology.
C．Having
no
rails.
D．Being
quiet.
答案：B
3．Why
are
Zhu
Rongji
and
German
chancellor
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．To
show
the
great
value
of
this
kind
of
train.
B．To
show
the
thanks
to
Germans
for
their
help.
C．To
have
a
trial
use
of
this
kind
of
train.
D．No
special
reasons;
they
both
happened
to
be
there.
答案：A
4．From
this
passage,
we
can
conclude
that
________.
A．this
kind
of
train
is
only
used
in
Shanghai
B．Maglev
trains
can
increase
their
speed
of
themselves
C．Germany
is
going
to
introduce
magnetic
levitation
technology
D．Shanghai
takes
the
lead
in
developing
the
Maglev
trains
in
the
world
答案：D
5．From
this
passage,
we
know
that
________.
A．it
was
vacuum
that
drives
this
kind
of
train
forward
B．Maglev
trains
have
no
noise
because
they
need
no
tracks
C．Maglev
trains
can
run
at
a
speed
of
more
than
501
kilometres
per
hour
D．this
kind
of
train
had
been
developed
before
2002,
though
not
running
so
fast
答案：B
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
The
__1__
(fast)
train
in
the
world
runs
between
Shanghai's
Pudong
Airport
__2__
Longyang
Station
in
Shanghai.
__3__
(travel)
at
a
speed
of
over
400
kilometres
per
hour,
the
30?kilometre
journey
can
__4__
(complete)
in
eight
minutes.
It
is
the
world's
first
high?speed
train
using
magnetic
levitation
technology.
The
trains
travel
in
a
vacuum
between
two
magnets.
There
__5__
(be)
no
rails
and
no
noise.
They
use
__6__
(little)
energy
than
before.
__7__
December
31,
2002,
Premier
Zhu
Rongji
and
the
German
chancellor
__8__
(attend)
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
train
service.
Both
__9__
(leader)
took
the
train
to
Pudong
Airport.
On
November
12,
2003,
the
Maglev
reached
a
speed
of
501
kilometres
per
hour
on
the
track
between
Longyang
Station
and
Pudong,
__10__
new
world
record
speed
for
a
train.
答案：1.
fastest 2.
and 3.
Travelling 4.
be_completed 5.
are
6.
less 7.
On 8.
attended 9.
leaders 10.
a
1
词根：fright
n.
害怕
派生词：frightening
adj.
令人害怕的
frightened
adj.
感到害怕的
(教材P26)The
eagle
suddenly
flew
in
the
air
and
frightened
me.
那只鹰突然飞到空中，把我吓了一跳。
[归纳拓展]
frighten
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.
吓唬某人做/不做某事
frighten...away
把……吓跑
frighten
sb.
to
death
把某人吓得半死
frightened
adj.
受惊吓的
frightening
adj.
令人害怕的
fright
n.
害怕；恐惧
[品读高考]
(2011·安徽)He
was
frightened
by
a
terrible
dream.
他被一个可怕的梦吓坏了。
[经典例句]
News
of
the
robberies
frightened
many
people
into
fitting
new
locks
to
their
doors.
发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上了新门锁。
He
frightened
me
out
of
telling
the
truth.
他恐吓我不要说出真相。
I
frightened
the
bird
away
by
moving
suddenly.
我突然一动，把鸟吓跑了。
[语境串记]
Mary
was
too
frightened
to
tell
her
family
the
frightening
scene
because
it
frightened
her
to
death.
Whenever
she
thought
of
it,
she
was
trembling
with
fright.
玛丽非常害怕不敢告诉家人那令人害怕的一幕，因为那一幕把她吓得要死。每当她想到那一幕，就害怕得全身发抖。
[名师点津]
以?ing结尾的形容词，意为
“令人……的”；以?ed结尾的形容词，意为
“感到……的”。frightened表示人的感受，常修饰人；frightening用来修饰使人害怕的人或物。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Don't
put
your
prices
too
high
or
you'll
frighten
the
customers
away.
②Don't
frighten
me
into
doing
something
I
don't
want
to
do.
③A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
(frighten)experience,
especially
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
④I'll
be
frightened
(frighten)to
look
out
of
the
airplane
window.
2
词根：view
n．景色；观点
派生词：interviewer
n.
主考官；
面谈者
interviewee
n．被面试者
(教材P27)Listen
to
part
of
an
interview
with
a
90?year?old
silent
movie
actress
called
Mary
Lennon.
听一段对一位90岁名叫玛丽·列农的无声电影女演员的采访。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2017·浙江)The
man?on?the?street
interview
is
an
interview
in
which
a
reporter
hits
the
streets
with
a
cameraman
to
interview
people
on
the
spot.
街头采访是指记者带着摄像师到街上采访现场的人。
[经典例句]
If
one
is
late
for
a
job
interview,
it
is
not
likely
that
he
will
get
the
job.
如果一个人求职面试迟到，
他很可能得不到这份工作。
The
manager
will
have
an
interview
with
those
who
want
to
get
the
position.
经理将约谈那些想获得这个职位的人。
[语境串记]
Tom
was
having
a
job
interview.
As
an
interviewee,
he
was
asked
by
the
interviewer
three
questions
in
the
interview.
汤姆正在参加工作面试。在面试中，作为一个被面试者，他被面试官问了三个问题。
[名师点津]
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①We
interviewed
(interview)
eight
people
for
the
job
yesterday.
②The
magazine
has
an
interview
with
the
couple.
3
词根：exhaust
v．使疲惫不堪
派生词：exhausting
adj.令人疲惫不堪的
exhaustion
n．疲惫不堪
(教材P28)We
were
exhausted.
We
had
to
get
up
at
4
am,
and
we
didn't
go
to
bed
until
midnight.
我们疲惫不堪。我们凌晨4点钟就得起床，
一直忙到半夜才能上床睡觉。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2017·天津)I
was
exhausted
just
watching
you
in
action.就光看你干我也觉得累。
[经典例句]
The
children
were
exhausted
by
the
long
journey
and
fell
asleep
soon.
孩子们因为长途旅行而疲惫不堪，
很快睡着了。
The
long
bicycle
ride
exhausted
my
uncle.
On
arriving
home,
he
was
so
exhausted
that
he
went
to
bed
and
fell
asleep
immediately.
The
bicycle
ride
was
really
exhausting.
这次骑自行车长途旅行使我叔叔疲惫不堪，他如此疲惫以至于一到家倒头便睡。这次骑车的旅行确实令人疲惫不堪。
[语境串记]
The
exhausting
long
journey
made
the
children
exhausted,
and
their
exhaustion
was
shown
on
their
exhausted
expressions.
这个漫长的令人疲惫的旅程使孩子们精疲力尽了，
从他们的表情可以看出他们的疲惫。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①This
trip
was
so
exhausting
(exhaust)
that
I
couldn't
walk
any
further.
②Failure
is
probably
the
most
exhausting
(exhaust)
experience
a
person
ever
has.
1
(教材P24)It's
out
of
date.
这过期了。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2015·天津)The
dictionary
is
out
of
date:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
这本词典已经过时了：自从它出版以来，许多单词被加进了这门语言中。
[经典例句]
The
food
is
out
of
date,
so
you'd
better
throw
it
away.
这食物已经过期，
因此你最好扔掉它。
The
information
in
this
year's
tourist
guide
is
up
to
date.
今年旅游指南上的信息是最新的。
We
only
have
out?of?date
books
that
do
not
meet
students'
expectations.
我们只有一些过时的书，根本没有办法满足学生的需求。
[语境串记]
When
we
surf
the
Internet,
we
would
like
to
read
the
up?to?date
news
instead
of
the
out?of?date
information.
That
means,
we
do
not
like
things
that
are
out
of
date.
当我们上网的时候，我们喜欢看最新的新闻而不是过时的信息。也就是说，人们不喜欢过时的东西。
[名师点津]
[即学即练]选词填空
①Your
shoes
are
out_of_date.
I
suggest
you
throw
them
away.
②This
is
an
out?of?date
cell
phone.
You
had
better
buy
a
new
one.
③It
was
a
modern
factory
and
everything
was
really
up_to_date.
2
(教材P29)Travelling
at
a
speed
of
over
400
kilometres
per
hour,
the
train
can
complete
the
30?kilometre
journey
in
eight
minutes.
火车以每小时400多千米的速度前进，在8分钟之内就能完成30公里的路程。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2012·天津)When
you
ride
a
bicycle
on
the
campus,
cycle
at
a
speed
of
over
15
mph.
当你在学校里面骑自行车的时候，速度要超过15英里每小时。
[经典例句]
The
train
is
travelling
at
a
speed
of
sixty
miles
an
hour.
火车正以每小时六十英里的速度行驶。
They
drove
to
the
hospital
at
top
speed.
他们以最快的速度开车到医院。
About
a
mile
out
of
the
station
the
train
began
to
pick
up
speed/speed
up.
出站一英里后，火车开始加快速度。
It's
dangerous
to
go
round
corners
with
great
speed.
快速转弯很危险。
[即学即练]完成句子
①The
road
is
not
quite
smooth,
but
you
can
easily
drive
at
a
speed
of
50
km/h.
虽然路并不十分平坦，但车速也能达到每小时50公里。
②I
got
up
and
ran
to
the
shelter
at
full
speed.
我爬起来以最快的速度向避难所跑去。
③We'd
better
speed
up/
pick
up
speed
if
we
want
to
get
there
on
time.
如果我们想准时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。
(教材P25)Would
you
mind
showing
me
your
ticket?
请出示你的票好吗？
本句“Would
you
mind
doing...？”为日常交际用语，意为“请你做……好吗？”。
[归纳拓展]
(1)Would
you
mind
Do
you
mind
if
sb.
do/does
sth.?
如果某人做某事你介意吗？
(2)never
mind
不要紧，
没关系，
算了
keep
sth.
in
mind
记住……
[品读高考]
(2013·福建)Would
you
mind
answering
some
questions
on
shopping
habits?
你介意回答我一些有关购物习惯的问题吗？
[经典例句]
Would
you
mind
moving
your
car?
请你把车移开好吗？
Would
you
mind
my/me
closing
the
window?
＝Would
you
mind
if
I
closed
the
window?
＝Do
you
mind
if
I
close
the
window?
你介意我关窗吗？
It's
a
good
idea—I'll
keep
it
in
mind.
这是一个好主意——我要记在心里。
[语境串记]
Dear
Mr
Green,
would
you
mind
helping
me
with
the
math
problem?
I
make
up
mind
to
work
harder
than
before
and
I
will
keep
in
mind
what
you
tell
us
in
our
class.
Looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
敬爱的格林先生，你介意帮助我解答一下这个数学题吗？我下定决心要比以前更加努力地学习，而且要记住你在课堂上告诉我们的事情。期待着您的早日回复。
[名师点津]
回答
“Do/Would
you
mind...？”
问句时，
一定要注意前后的一致性，
常见的表示
“不介意”
的答语有：
Certainly
not;
Not
at
all;
Not
a
bit;
No,
go
ahead。表示“介意”
的答语有：
I'm
sorry,
but
I．..;
Yes,
I
do
mind;
I'm
sorry,
but
you'd
better
not...。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Would
you
mind
my/me
opening
(open)
the
window?
②Would
you
mind
if
I
changed
(change)
channels
on
the
TV?
③Do
you
mind
if
I
come
(come)
with
you?
(教材P26)I
remember
the
day
my
father
tried
to
teach
me
how
to
ride
a
bicycle.
我记得我父亲努力教我学自行车的那一天。
[归纳拓展]
how
to
ride
a
bicycle是“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语。此结构还可在句中作主语、表语、同位语等。接不定式的疑问词有：who，which，what，when，where，how，whether等。
[品读高考]
(2011·广东)They
are
learning
how
to
talk
each
other's
language.
他们正在学习如何去谈论彼此的语言。
[经典例句]
Please
show
me
how
to
operate
the
machine.
请教我如何操作这台机器。(宾语)
Where
to
hold
the
meeting
is
not
known
yet
to
all
of
us.
在哪里开会我们都还不知道。(主语)
The
question
is
which
to
choose.
问题是挑选哪一个。(表语)
She
had
no
idea
how
to
help
the
old
man.
她不知道该如何去帮助那位老人。(同位语)
[名师点津]
(1)该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；
(2)该结构中的不定式常用一般式，且常用主动形式表示被动含义。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①Where
to
go
tomorrow
has
(have)
not
been
decided.
②As
soon
as
you
trust
yourself，you
will
know
how
to_live
(live)．
③Please
show
me
how
to
operate
the
machine.
请教我如何操作这台机器。
(教材P29)Travelling
at
a
speed
of
over
400
kilometres
per
hour,
the
train
can
complete
the
30?kilometre
journey
in
eight
minutes.
以每小时四百多公里的速度行驶，磁悬浮火车8分钟之内可以完成这30公里的路程。
句中的Travelling
at
a
speed
of
over
400
kilometres
per
hour作原因状语，其逻辑主语即主句的主语
the
train。可改为状语从句：As
it
travels
at
a
speed
of...。现在分词短语作原因状语通常位于句首。
[归纳拓展]
?1?非谓语动词作状语可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式以及结果等。
?2?现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，并且与主语之间有主动关系，且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
[品读高考]
(2018·天津)The
people
in
the
hall
seemed
very
nosy
(爱窥探的),
keeping
their
eyes
on
me
with
curiosity.
大厅里面的人似乎是爱窥探的，充满好奇地盯着我。
[经典例句]
Being
ill,
she
didn't
come
to
school
today.
由于生病了，她今天没有来上学。(原因)
Walking
along
the
street,
he
met
an
old
friend.
在大街上散步时，他遇到了一位老朋友。(时间)
Seeing
nobody
at
home,
he
decided
to
leave
them
a
note.
看到家里没人，他决定给他们留个便条。(原因)
The
girls
came
in,
following
their
parents.
女孩们跟着她们的父母进来了。(伴随)
The
poor
old
man
died,
leaving
nothing
to
his
children.
可怜的老人死了，什么都没有留给他的孩子们。(结果)
[名师点津]
现在分词(v.?ing形式)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语，其与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Not
knowing
(know)the
language,
I
found
it
hard
to
communicate
with
local
people.
②
Walking
(walk)
in
the
fields
on
a
March
afternoon,
he
could
feel
the
warmth
of
spring.
③
Hearing
(hear)the
good
news,
he
couldn't
help
crying.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
c
eremony.
2.I
was
sent
to
a
k
indergarten
when
I
was
only
three
years
old.
3．Each
of
the
visitors
bought
a
s
ouvenir
in
memory
of
the
unforgettable
travel.
4．Many
people
go
to
the
s
tadium
to
do
some
sports
every
morning.
5．After
a
long?distance
walk,
the
old
woman
was
so
e
xhausted
that
she
had
to
lie
back.
6．It's
very
convenient
to
go
to
school
or
the
downtown
(市中心)from
where
we
stay.
7．No
one
exists
in
a
vacuum
(真空).
We
are
all
influenced
by
others.
8．I
went
to
the
seaside
(海边)with
my
family
last
summer.
9．The
new
couple
have
bought
an
apartment
(单元住宅)
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
10．Children
like
watching
cartoon
(卡通)films.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
at
a
speed
of；
out
of
date；
all
the
time；
be
good
at；
for
the
first
time
1．As
we
grow
up，we
find
that
it
is
difficult
to
be
honest
all_the_time.
Sometimes
we'll
have
to
tell
lies.
2．I
can
still
remember
the
day
I
met
him
for_the_first_time.
3．The
train
is
travelling
at_a_speed_of
100
miles
an
hour.
4．Our
computer
is
out_of_date,_so
we
have
to
buy
a
new
one.
5．In
English,
I
am_better_at
listening
than
speaking
now,
so
I
decided
to
practice
spoken
English
as
much
as
possible.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．Would
you
mind
my
turning
off
the
TV?
→Would
you
mind
if
I
turned
off
the
TV?
2．How
do
you
like
the
film?
→What
do
you
think
of
the
film?
3．I
wonder
how
I
can
deal
with
the
problem.
→I
wonder
how
to
deal
with
the
problem.
4．We
spent
two
hours
in
discussing
the
issue.
→
It
took
us
two
hours
to
discuss
the
issue.
5．Because
I
didn't
know
where
to
spend
the
weekend,
I
had
to
stay
at
home
all
day
long.
→
Not
knowing
where
to
spend
the
weekend,
I
had
to
stay
at
home
all
day
long.
PAGE
-
1
-Module
3
My
First
Ride
on
a
Trai
Section
Ⅱ Grammar——过去分词(短语)
作定语&一般过去时的时间状语
[语法图解]
[课文原句感知]
①We
ate
great
meals
cooked
by
experts!
②We
saw
abandoned
farms
which
were
built
more
than
a
hundred
years
ago.
③For
many
years,
trained
camels
carried
food
and
other
supplies,
and
returned
with
wool
and
other
products.
④One
night,
at
about
midnight,
I
watched
the
night
sky
for
about
an
hour.
⑤A
hundred
and
fifty
years
ago,
they
brought
some
camels
from
Afghanistan.
⑥In
1925,
they
passed
a
law
which
allowed
people
to
shoot
the
animals
if
they
were
a
problem.
[语法领悟]
(1)句①②③中的过去分词(短语)在句中作
定语。
(2)句②③中，单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的
前面；句①中，过去分词短语作定语，应放在被修饰名词的
后面。
(3)句④⑤⑥中的时态为
一般过去时，都和表示过去的时间状语连用。
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
The
government
decided
to
rebuild
the
damaged
bridge.
政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。
I
am
fond
of
the
food
cooked
by
your
mother.
＝I
am
fond
of
the
food
that/which
is
cooked
by
your
mother.
我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。
The
computer
center,
opened
last
year,
is
very
popular
among
the
students
in
this
school.
＝The
computer
center,
which
was
opened
last
year,
is
very
popular
among
the
students
in
this
school.
电脑中心是去年开放的，很受这个学校的学生欢迎。
[名师点津]
有些过去分词表示特定含义，单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。另外，单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时，应该放在被修饰的词后面。
There
is
a
little
time
left.
Let's
hurry
up.
剩余时间不多了，咱们快点吧。
He
is
one
of
those
invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置，意义不变，但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。
All
the
broken
windows
have
been
repaired.
＝All
the
windows
broken
have
been
repaired.
所有坏了的窗户已经被修理好了。
The
method
used
is
very
efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
This
is
a
used
car
worth
only
5,000
yuan.
这是一辆价值5
000元的二手车。
[即学即练1]完成句子
①
The
polluted
river
(这条被污染的河)gives
off
a
terrible
smell.
②He
was
then
a
teacher
respected
by
all
the
students
(受所有学生尊敬的)．
③Most
of
the
guests
invited
to
my
birthday
party
(被邀请到我的生日晚会的)were
my
school
friends.
2．及物动词和不及物动词的过去分词作定语
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有完成和被动两层含义。
steamed
bread
馒头
respected
leaders
受人尊敬的领导
excited
children兴奋的孩子们
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作的完成，无被动之意。
a
fallen
tree
一棵倒下的树
a
retired
worker
一位退休工人
[即学即练2]汉译英
①受伤的工人
injured_workers
②受感动的学生们
moved_students
③浇过的花
watered_flowers
④落叶
fallen_leaves
3．不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别
过去分词作定语
表示被动或已经完成的动作
现在分词作定语
表示主动或进行的动作
现在分词的被动形式作定语
表示被动和进行的动作
不定式作定语
表示将来的动作
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
spent
with
his
students.
吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
Who
is
the
man
working
there?
在那儿工作的那个人是谁？
The
bike
being
repaired
is
mine.
正在修的自行车是我的。
Do
you
want
to
see
the
doctor
to
be
sent
for
from
Beijing?
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
[即学即练3]用所给词的适当形式填空
①Mrs
White
showed
her
students
some
old
maps
borrowed
(borrow)
from
the
library.
②The
room
is
empty
except
for
a
bookshelf
standing
(stand)
in
one
corner.
③This
is
the
problem
being_discussed
(discuss)
now.
④The
airport
to_be_completed
(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
二、一般过去时的时间状语
1．一般过去时表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often,
always,
usually,
never等表示事情发生频度的时间状语连用。
When
I
was
a
boy,
I
often
went
to
play
in
that
park.
当我是个孩子时，我常去那个公园玩。
He
always
got
up
late,
and
never
had
enough
time
for
breakfast.
他总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
[名师点津]
表示过去习惯性的动作，也可用used
to或would,
would比used
to更正式，但没有“现在已无此习惯”的含义。
He
used
to
get
up
early.
他过去经常早起。
On
summer
evenings
they
would
sit
out
in
the
garden.
夏天的晚上他们经常坐在外面的花园里。
2．一般过去时表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有yesterday,
last
week,
an
hour
ago,
the
other
day,
in
2017,
until,
since,
when
从句等。
I
saw
him
yesterday
in
the
street.
昨天我在街上见到他了。
Last
night
we
went
to
enjoy
a
good
performance.
昨天晚上我们去看了一场不错的演出。
3．有些情况发生的时间不清楚，需要我们根据语境来判断，语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，过去”之意。
I
didn't
know
you
were
so
busy.
我不知道你这么忙。
Your
phone
number
again,
please.
I
didn't
quite
catch
it.
请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。
[即学即练4]用所给词的适当形式填空
①During
his
middle
school
years,
he
played
(play)
football
nearly
every
day.
②We
held
(hold)
a
basketball
match
the
day
before
yesterday.
③When
I
was
young,
I
often
went
(go)
to
swim
in
that
river.
④I
rang
(ring)
him
several
times
this
morning,
but
no
one
answered
(answer)
the
phone.
链接高考——单句语法填空
1．(2018·浙江)Larger
amounts
of
caffeine
can
cause
a
problem
called
(call)
caffeinism.
2．(2017·天津)I
was_driving
(drive)
down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
3．(2016·浙江)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,
I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
(conduct)
in
Australia
in
2012.
4．(2016·江苏)In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
hidden
(hide)
within
the
work.
5．(2015·北京)—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes.
We
were_treated
(treat)
well
by
our
hosts.
6．(2015·重庆)—Is
Peter
coming?
—No，he
changed
(change)
his
mind
after
a
phone
call
at
the
last
minute.
7．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
arrived
(arrive)
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
8．(2014·重庆)The
producer
comes
regularly
to
collect
the
cameras
returned
(return)
to
our
shop
for
quality
problems.
9．(2013·天津)In
some
languages,
100
words
make
up
half
of
all
words
used
(use)
in
daily
conversations.
10．(2013·湖南)You
cannot
accept
an
opinion
offered
(offer)
to
you
unless
it
is
based
on
facts.
PAGE
-
1
-Module
3 My
First
Ride
on
a
Train
来一场说走就走的旅行吧！
Traveling
Light
轻装前行
Well
I
was
doubling
over
the
load
on
my
shoulders
曾经在我肩头有千钧重担，让我不堪重负
Was
a
weight
I
carried
with
me
everyday
每天每日我都觉得沉重不堪难以解脱！
Crossing
miles
of
frustrations
and
rivers
a
raging
穿过满路荆棘挫折，趟过无数狂怒激流
Picking
up
stones
I
found
along
the
way
不忘一路俯拾寻找圆润美丽的卵石！
I
staggered
and
I
stumbled
down
我一路蹒跚，坎坷前行
Pathways
of
trouble
走过这条烦恼不断的旅途！
I
was
hauling
those
souvenirs
of
misery
所有痛苦不幸的回忆让我步履蹒跚
And
with
each
step
taken
my
back
was
breaking
每一步都仿似将要压弯我的脊梁
Till
I
found
the
One
who
took
it
all
from
me
直到遇到他，我如释重负
Down
by
the
riverside
漫步河畔
I
laid
my
burdens
down
我卸下自身重负
Now
I'm
traveling
light
现在我轻装前行
My
spirit
lifted
high
我朝气蓬勃
I
found
my
freedom
now
现在我找到了我的自由
And
I'm
traveling
light
我将轻装前行
开启快乐学习之旅
Life
is
like
a
trip,
do
not
have
to
care
about
the
destination.
What
we
need
to
care
about
is
the
scenery
along
the
way
and
the
mood
to
see
the
scenery.
Let
the
mind
travel.
人生就像一场旅行，不必在乎目的地，我们要在乎的是沿途的风景以及看风景的心情。让心灵去旅行。
阅读助手：
1．load
n.
负载，装载
2．weight
n.
重量
3．frustration
n.
懊恼；沮丧
4．stagger
v.
摇摇晃晃地走；蹒跚
5．souvenir
n.
纪念品
6．misery
n.
痛苦；悲惨
模块核心素养导航
SectionⅠ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．helicopter
n.
直升飞机
2．motorbike
n.
摩托车
3．camel
n.
骆驼
4．cassette
n.
录音带
5．desert
n.
沙漠
6．diamond
n.
钻石
7．expert
n.
专家
8．midnight
n.
半夜
9．scenery
n.
风景；景色
10．soil
n.
土壤
11．journey
n.
旅程
12.
distance
n．距离→
distant
adj.遥远的
13.
abandoned
adj.
被遗弃的→
abandon
vt.
遗弃
14.
product
n.
产品→
produce
vt.生产
n.
农产品→
production
n．生产；产量
15.
shoot
vt.
射杀→
shot(过去式)→
shot(过去分词)
16.
train
n．火车
vt.训练→
training
n．训练
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．上(车、船等)
get_on
2．下(车、船等)
get_off
3．上(车)
get_into
4．下(车)
get_out_of
5．(飞机)起飞
take_off
6．指的是
refer_to
7．超过
more_than
8．是……的缩写(简称)
be_short_for
9．试着做某事
try_doing_sth.
10．不再
not...any
more
11．in
the
air
在空中
12．means
of
transport
交通方式
13．on
the
coast
在海岸线上
14．dark
red
深红色
15．a
long?distance
train
一列长途火车
16．look
out
of
the
window
朝窗外看去
17．abandoned
farms
废弃的农场
18．shine
like
diamonds
像钻石般闪耀
19．much
better
than
比……好得多
20．a
new
railway
line
一条新的铁路线
21．pass
a
law
通过一项法律
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．你认为这个国家的中部怎么样？
What
do
you
think
the
central
part
of
the
country
is
like?
2．多精彩的旅程啊！
And
what
a
ride!
3．我们品尝了由烹饪大师们做的美食！
We
ate
great
meals
cooked
by
experts!
4．阿富汗人和他们的骆驼这样运货一直到20世纪20年代。
The
Afghans
and
their
camels
did
this
until
the
1920s.
课文预读
My
First
Ride①
on
a
Train
My
name
is
Alice
Thompson.
I
come
from
Sydney,
Australia
and
I'm
18
years
old.
Recently
I
had
my
first
ride
on
a
long?distance②
train.
And
what
a
ride！③
A
friend
and
I
travelled
on
the
famous
Ghan
train.
We
got
on
in
Sydney
and
we
got
off④
in
Alice
Springs,
right⑤
in
the
middle
of⑥
Australia,
more
than⑦
four
thousand
kilometres
away.
We
spent
two
days
and
nights
on⑧
the
train.
The
train
was
wonderful
and
the
food
was
great.
We
ate
great
meals
cooked
by
experts⑨！
For
the
first
few
hundred
kilometres
of
the
journey⑩，
the
scenery?
was
very
colourful.
There
were
fields
and
the
soil?
was
dark
red.
After
that,
it
was
desert?.
The
sun
shone?，
there
was
no
wind
and
there
were
no
clouds
in
the
sky.
Suddenly,
it
looked
like?
a
place
from
another
time.
We
saw
abandoned?
farms
which
were
built
more
than
a
hundred
years
ago?.
The
train
was
comfortable
and
the
people
were
nice.
During
the
day,
I
sat
and
looked
out
of?
the
window,
and
sometimes
talked
to
other
passengers.
I
read
books
and
listened
to
my
Chinese
cassettes
(I'm
studying
Chinese
at
school).
One
night,
at
about
midnight?，
I
watched
the
night
sky
for
about
an
hour.
The
stars
shone
like
diamonds?.
①ride
n.
&
v.
乘坐；旅行；骑
②distance/'d?st?ns/n.
距离
③what
a
ride!
是感叹句的省略形式，完整形式是：what
a
(wonderful)
ride
it
was!
④get
on
上(车、船等) get
off
下(车、船等)
⑤right
adv.
正好，恰恰，就
⑥in
the
middle
of
在……中间
⑦more
than
超过；不仅仅
⑧spend
time/money
on
在……上花费时间/金钱
⑨expert/'eksp??t/n.
专家
cooked
by
experts为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰meals。
⑩journey/'d???ni/n.
旅程
?scenery/'si?n?ri/n.
风景；景色
?soil/s??l/n.
土壤
?desert/'dez?t/n.
沙漠
?shine
v．(shone,
shone)照耀；发光
?look
like
看起来好像
?abandoned/?'b?nd?nd/adj.
被遗弃的
?which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
?look
out
of
朝……外看
?midnight/'m?d?na?t/n.半夜 at
midnight
在半夜
?diamond/'da??m?nd/n.钻石
译文助读
我的首次火车之旅
我是艾丽斯·汤姆逊，来自澳大利亚悉尼，今年18岁。最近我第一次乘坐了长途火车。多么奇妙的一次乘车旅行啊！我和一位朋友乘坐著名的Ghan火车去旅行。我们在悉尼上车，正好在4
000多千米远的澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。我们在火车上待了两天两夜。
火车很棒，食品又美味。我们吃了由烹饪大师们做的美食！旅途开始的几百千米，景色秀丽，有田野，泥土是深红色的。过后就是沙漠。太阳高照，空气中没有风，天空中也没有云彩。突然间这里好像另一个时代的某地。我们看到被遗弃了的100多年前建造的农场。
火车很舒服，大家都很友好。在白天，我坐着看窗外，有时和别的旅客说说话。我读读书，听听汉语磁带(我正在学校学汉语)。有一个晚上，大约是在半夜，差不多有一小时我都在注视夜空。星星如钻石般闪烁着。
为什么这种火车叫Ghan呢？很久以前，澳大利亚人需要一条去往澳大利亚中部的通道。他们试着骑马，但那些马不喜欢炎热的天气和沙漠。150年前，他们从阿富汗引进了一些骆驼，Ghan是阿富汗的缩写。
对于长途旅行而言，骆驼比马匹要好得多。多年来，经过训练的骆驼运走食品和其他供给物，带回羊毛和其他产品。
直到20世纪20年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。后来，政府修了一条新的铁路线，他们就再也不需要骆驼了。1925年通过了一条法令，法令规定如果这些动物成为问题，就允许人们射杀它们。1935年，一座镇上的警察一天之内就射杀了153头骆驼。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
the_travel_to_the_central_part_
of_Australia_on_the_train.
2．Match
the
following
paragraphs
with
their
main
ideas.
Para.1 A．Food
on
the
train
and
the
scenery
outside
the
train.
Para.2
B．The
reason
why
the
train
is
called
Ghan.
Para.3
C．The
use
of
camels
in
the
past.
Para.4
D．What
the
author
did
on
the
train.
Para.5
E．How
the
Afghans
dealt
with
the
camels.
Para.6
F．The
author's
first
ride
on
a
long?distance
train.
答案：Para.1—F；Para.2—A；Para.3—D；Para.4—B；Para.5—C；Para.6—E
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．The
sentence
“And
what
a
ride！”
in
the
first
paragraph
means
“
________”．
A．she
had
nothing
to
see
but
desert
B．the
writer
enjoyed
the
long
journey
C．that
was
a
long
and
dangerous
journey
D．the
writer
was
made
too
tired
from
the
long
ride
答案：B
2．The
whole
passage
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．the
importance
of
the
desert
in
Australia
B．horses
are
of
no
use
in
travelling
in
the
desert
C．it's
cruel
to
kill
thousands
of
camels
D．the
transport
to
the
middle
of
Australia
答案：D
3．Which
is
the
RTGHT
order
of
the
following
things?
a．A
new
railway
line
was
built
and
the
camels
were
no
longer
used.
b．Australians
needed
a
way
to
travel
to
the
middle
of
the
country.
c．Australians
trained
camels
to
carry
food
and
other
supplies.
d．They
tried
riding
horses
to
travel.
A．b—d—c—a
B．d—b—a—c
C．a—c—b—d
D．c—a—b—d
答案：A
4．Australians
used
to
travel
on
camels
for
________.
A．farming
B．shopping
C．business
D．pleasure
答案：C
5．The
writer
talked
a
lot
about
camels
in
the
text
because
________.
A．they
played
an
important
part
in
Australian
life
B．she
was
planning
to
travel
on
a
camel
C．she
wanted
to
speak
highly
of
the
animals
D．she
wanted
to
explain
why
the
train
was
called
Ghan
答案：D
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Recently
I
had
my
first
ride
on
a
long?distance
train.
__1__
train
was
wonderful
and
we
ate
great
meals
__2__
(cook)
by
experts！For
the
first
few
hundred
kilometres
of
the
journey,
the
scenery
was
very
__3__
(wonder).
We
first
__4__
(see)
fields
with
dark
red
soil,
desert
with
no
green
things
on
and
then
__5__
(abandon)
farms
__6__
were
built
over
a
century
ago.
On
the
train
I
sometimes
talked
to
other
passengers.
__7__
(we)
train
is
called
the
Ghan.
Why?
I
know
that
in
order
to
get
to
the
middle
of
the
country,
they
brought
some
camels
from
Afghanistan.
Ghan
is
short
__8__
Afghanistan.
For
many
years,
trained
camels
from
Afghanistan
were
once
taken
there
__9__
(carry)
food
and
other
supplies.
In
the
1920s,
a
new
railway
line
__10__
(build)
and
then
the
camels
were
no
longer
needed.
1.
The 2.
cooked 3.
wonderful 4.
saw 5.
abandoned
6.
which/that 7.
Our 8.
for 9.
to_carry 10.
was_built
1
派生词：distant
adj.
遥远的；冷漠的
(教材
P21)Which
of
them
can
you
use
to
travel
a
long
distance?
你可以乘坐哪些工具进行远距离旅行？
[归纳拓展]
in
the
distance
在远处
at
a
distance
稍远处；隔一段距离
at
a
distance
of
在……的距离
keep
one's
distance
from...＝
keep
sb.
at
a
distance
与……保持距离
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
to
take
the
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.
我们睡在帐篷里，在篝火上做饭，走了很长一段路去洗澡和上厕所。
[经典例句]
What
is
the
distance
between
the
sun
and
the
earth?
太阳离地球有多远？
The
sound
of
the
car
was
growing
more
and
more
distant.
汽车的声音变得越来越远。
Farther
in
the
distance,
I
could
enjoy
the
view
of
snowy
mountains.
在远处我能看到雪山。
The
railway
station
is
at
a
distance
of
two
miles
away
from
our
school.
火车站离我们学校有两英里路程。
The
dog
looked
dangerous，so
I
decided
to
keep
my
distance
from
it.
这个小狗看上去是危险的，因此我决定与它保持距离。
[语境串记]
After
the
quarrel
Susan
remains
cold
and
distant,
so
I
have
to
keep
her
at
a
distance.
那次争吵之后，苏珊一直保持冷淡疏远，所以我不得不与她保持一定距离。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Take
your
time—it's
just
a
short
distance
(distant)
from
here
to
the
restaurant.
②It
was
hard
to
get
to
know
her
because
she
always
kept
everyone
at
a
distance.
③
At
a
distance
of
six
miles
you
can't
see
much.
2
(教材P23)
For
the
first
few
hundred
kilometres
of
the
journey,
the
scenery
was
very
colourful.
旅途开始的几百公里，景色秀丽。
[易混辨析]journey,
travel,
tour,
trip,
voyage
[品读高考]
(2014·江西)A
traveler
may
carry
a
gun
with
him
in
his
journey.
旅行者在旅途中可以随身携带枪支。
[经典例句]
A
journey
of
a
thousand
miles
begins
with
a
single
step.
[谚语]千里之行，始于足下。
I
would
like
to
go
on
a
journey
in
the
coming
summer
holiday.
接下来的这个暑假，我想去旅行。
You
must
be
very
tired
after
such
a
long
voyage.
长途的航海之后，你一定是累坏了。
[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空
①I
wish
you
a
good
journey!
祝你一路顺风！
②When
you're
on
a
journey,
do
take
a
good
care
of
your
kids.
3
词根：abandon
v.
抛弃，遗弃
(教材P23)We
saw
abandoned
farms
which
were
built
more
than
a
hundred
years
ago.
我们看到了被遗弃的100多年前建造的农场。
[归纳拓展]
abandon
vt.
抛弃，离弃
abandon
oneself
to
?doing?
sth.
沉迷于?做?某事；＝be
abandoned
to
?doing?
沉迷于……；纵情于……
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Wang
collected
more
than
7
million
abandoned
bricks
of
different
ages.
王收集了700多万块不同年代的废砖。
[经典例句]
The
car
was
found
abandoned
in
the
woods
off
the
highway.
这辆汽车被人发现丢弃在公路旁的树林里。
Young
people
shouldn't
abandon
themselves
to
pleasures
like
drinking
and
playing.
＝Young
people
shouldn't
be
abandoned
to
pleasures
like
drinking
and
playing.
年轻人不要一味地吃喝玩乐。
[语境串记]
Some
experts
abandoned
themselves
to
studying
the
ancient
bricks,
which
were
abandoned
in
the
Tang
Dynasty.
一些专家沉迷于研究古代的砖，它们是在唐朝的时候被遗弃的。
[名师点津]
abandon
oneself
to和be
abandoned
to
(doing)都表示“沉迷于”，注意这里的to
是介词，后跟名词、代词或者动名词。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
abandoned
(abandon)
children
were
taken
from
the
streets
to
orphan
asylums.
②It
is
harmful
for
some
young
people
to
abandon
themselves
to
playing
computer
games.
③Abandoned
to
playing
(play)
computer
games，he
didn't
pass
the
exam.
4
词根：produce
v.
生产
派生词：production
n.
产量
(教材P23)For
many
years,
trained
camels
carried
food
and
other
supplies,
and
returned
with
wool
and
other
products.
多年来，经过训练的骆驼运走食品和其他供给物，带回了羊毛与其他产品。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)When
most
people
think
of
the
arts,
they
imagine
the
end
product,
the
beautiful
painting,
a
wonderful
piece
of
music,
or
an
award?winning
performance
in
the
theater.
当大部分人想到艺术时，他们会想象终端产品，一件极好的艺术品，或者在剧院里面一个获奖的表演。
[经典例句]
The
plan
was
the
product
of
many
hours
of
careful
thought.
这项计划是长时间仔细考虑的结果。
Production
of
computers
has
increased
double
in
the
last
few
weeks.
近几周来电脑的产量增加了一倍。
In
winter,
produce
like
vegetables,
will
cost
more.
冬天像蔬菜类的农产品会更贵。
[语境串记]
In
order
to
increase
its
production,
the
producer
introduced
high
technology,
thus
producing
twice
as
many
products
as
before.
为了提高产量，生产商引进了高科技，这样制造出的产品是以前的两倍。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①
Production
(product)
is
going
up
because
we
have
introduced
new
techniques.
②The
government
has
set
a
safety
law
on
food
product
(produce)
in
2017.
③Please
give
us
some
information
about
the
producer
(produce)
of
the
computer.
5
(教材P23)In
1925,
they
passed
a
law
which
allowed
people
to
shoot
the
animals
if
they
were
a
problem.
1925年通过了一条法令，法令规定如果这些动物成为问题，就允许人们射杀它们。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2014·四川)When
hunting
season
opened,
we
put
a
sign
at
the
end
of
our
driveway
asking
hunters
not
to
shoot
our
pet
grouse.
当打猎的季节来临时，
我们在车道尾挂起标牌，
请人们别猎杀我们的松鸡。
[经典例句]
People
are
not
allowed
to
shoot
the
animals
in
the
Nature
Reserve.
不允许人们猎杀在自然保护区里的动物。
They
are
shooting
the
last
scene
now.
现在他们正在拍摄(影片的)最后一场。
[语境串记]
He
shot
at
a
bear,
but
he
didn't
shoot
it.
他向一只熊射击，但没有射中。
[名师点津]
shoot的过去式、过去分词都是shot。
shoot
侧重用枪把某人打死或打伤，强调结果
shoot
at
指用枪朝某人或某物射击，强调动作过程(未必击中)
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①He
was
shot
(shoot)
in
the
back
while
trying
to
escape.
②He
shot
at
the
bird
with
his
gun
but
missed
it.
③The
teacher
told
the
naughty
boys
not
to_shoot
(shoot)
the
birds
on
the
tree.
1
派生词：reference
n.
参考，查阅
(教材P21)Some
of
the
verbs
can
refer
to
more
than
one
means
of
transport.
一些动词不仅仅指一种交通方式。
[归纳拓展]
refer
to...as...
称……为……
refer
to
a
dictionary＝look
up
sth.
in
a
dictionary查字典
[品读高考]
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)What
does
the
word
“contributions”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
最后一段“contributions”一词指的是什么？
[经典例句]
What
I
am
going
to
say
refers
to
all
of
you.
我要说的事和你们大家有关。
Smoking
is
referred
to
as
No.1
killer
of
human
health.
吸烟被称为人类健康的一号杀手。
[语境串记]
I
didn't
understand
the
word,
so
I
referred
to
my
dictionary.
Unluckily,
I
couldn't
look
up
the
word
in
this
dictionary.
我不认识这个单词，所以我就去查我的词典。但不幸的是，我没有在这本词典中查到这个单词。
[名师点津]
refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都先双写“r”，再加上“?ed”或“?ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
[即学即练]写出下列句中refer
to的含义
①What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
7
refer
to?
指的是
②Don't
refer
to
your
notes
or
dictionary
when
taking
a
test.
查阅
③In
his
speech,
he
didn't
refer
to
the
problem
at
all.
提到
2
We
eventually
took
off
at
12
o'clock
and
arrived
in
Italy
at
18：30.
我们最终在12点起飞，18：30到达意大利。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2014·陕西)When
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.
延误的航班何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
[经典例句]
I'm
sorry
to
have
taken
up
so
much
of
your
time.
对不起，我占用了你这么多时间。
It
is
certain
that
when
Mr
Green
retires,
his
son
will
take
over
the
business
from
him.
可以确信的是，格林先生退休后，他的儿子将接管他的生意。
The
more
fat
you
take
in
before
bedtime，the
greater
burden
you
will
put
on
your
body
at
night.
睡前你摄入的脂肪越多，晚上你的身体负担就越重。
[语境串记]
The
old
man
is
going
to
retire
next
month,
and
his
son,
who
has
taken
in
much
experience
from
the
work
in
the
shop,
will
take
over
his
business.
The
young
man
likes
taking
down
some
important
things
every
day.
Although
taking
up
some
time,
it
will
help
the
business
take
off
in
the
future.
这个老人下个月就要退休了，他的儿子，这个之前在商店里面就吸收了很多经验的年轻人，将要接管他的生意。这个年轻人喜欢每天记下一些重要的东西，虽然占据了一些时间，但是这对于以后事业的成功有帮助。
[即学即练]写出下列句中take
off的含义
①He
took
off
his
coat
as
soon
as
he
entered
his
room.
脱掉
②Because
of
heavy
fog,
the
plane
couldn't
take
off
on
time.
起飞
③He
took
off
because
of
his
excellent
performance
in
the
final
of
Sing!
China
of
2017.
开始走红
④His
mother
was
seriously
ill,
so
he
had
to
take
a
day
off
to
look
after
her.
请假
3
(教材P23)We
got
on
in
Sydney
and
we
got
off
in
Alice
Springs,
right
in
the
middle
of
Australia,
more
than
four
thousand
kilometres
away.
我们在悉尼上车，在澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车，行程四千多千米。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2012·广东)So
I
carried
on
and
found
the
bus
stop,
which
was
a
request
stop,
where
the
bus
wouldn't
stop
unless
passengers
wanted
to
get
on
or
get
off.
所以我继续往前走，找到了公共汽车站，这是一个请求站，除非乘客想上下车，否则公共汽车是不会停的。
[经典例句]
The
workers
couldn't
get
on
for
lack
of
materials.
由于缺少材料，工人们无法继续工作。
He
isn't
good
at
talking
but
he
gets
on/along
well
with
other
people.
他不善言辞，但是他与其他人相处得很好。
And
I'm
willing
to
help
you
to
get
out
of
the
situation.
而且我愿意帮助你从这种情况中摆脱出来。
Are
you
sure
that
you'll
get
through
the
examination?
你确信你会通过考试吗？
[语境串记]
Yesterday
morning,
after
getting
off
the
bus,
I
rushed
into
my
classroom.
I
believed
that
I
could
get
through
the
final
exam
because
in
this
term,
I
tried
my
best
to
get
over
the
difficulties
in
my
study.
Meanwhile,
I
got
along
well
with
all
my
classmates.
So,
I
began
to
like
my
school
life.
昨天上午，从公交车上下来之后，我就匆忙走进了教室。我认为我能够通过这次期末考试，因为这个学期，我努力克服我学习上的困难。同时，我和同学们相处得也很好，我开始喜欢上我的学校生活了。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Getting
off
the
train,
I
saw
my
friend
waiting
for
me.
②I
got
out
of
the
taxi,
with
only
20
yuan
in
my
pocket.
③When
I
got
into
the
car,
there
were
already
three
people
in
it.
4
(教材P23)We
got
on
in
Sydney
and
we
got
off
in
Alice
Springs,
right
in
the
middle
of
Australia,
more
than
four
thousand
kilometres
away.
我们在悉尼上车，
在澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车，
行程四千多千米。
[归纳拓展]
more
than＋数词 超过，多于(相当于over)
more
than
one＋n.不止一个……(作主语时，谓语用单数)
more
than＋n.不只是……，不仅仅是……
more
than＋adj./adv.非常/十分……
more
than＋句子(常含can/could)超出……的能力范围
more...than...与其说……不如说……
[品读高考]
(2012·辽宁)Today
China
attracts
the
West
more
than
ever,
and
it
will
need
more
teachers
to
introduce
Confucius
and
Chinese
culture
to
the
West.
今天的中国比以往任何时候都更吸引西方，它需要更多的教师向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。
[经典例句]
More
than
one
house
was
burnt
down
in
the
fire.
不止一所房子在火灾中被烧毁。
John
is
more
than
a
lecturer;
he
is
a
writer,
too.
约翰不仅是一位演讲家，他还是一位作家。
They
are
more
than
willing
to
help
you.
他们非常乐意帮助你。
The
beauty
of
the
mountainous
village
is
more
than
I
can
describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
[语境串记]
On
arriving
at
the
hall,
the
professor
was
more
than
excited
to
find
more
than
200
students
coming
to
listen
to
his
lecture.
His
happiness
is
more
than
we
can
describe.
一到大厅，这个教授就非常兴奋地发现有200多个学生都来听他的报告。他的高兴我们难以描述。
[即学即练]写出下列句中more
than的含义
①I
was
more
than
surprised
to
see
the
lion
standing
at
the
body.
很，非常
②The
parents
treated
their
child
more
than
patiently.
过于
③He
is
more
than
a
friend
to
me.
不仅仅是
④I
have
known
him
for
more
than
five
years.
超过，多于
⑤He
is
more
lazy
than
stupid.
与其说……不如说……
5
(教材P23)Ghan
is
short
for
Afghanistan.
Ghan是阿富汗的缩写。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2014·辽宁)“Happy
belated
birthday！”
is
short
for：“Well,
I
know
I
forgot,
but
then
I
remembered.
Forgive
me
and
happy
birthday.
”
“迟来的生日快乐！”是：“嗯，我知道我忘了，但我记得。原谅我，生日快乐。”的简略表达。
[经典例句]
WTO
is
short
for
World
Trade
Organization.
WTO
是世界贸易组织的缩写。
I
cannot
help
you
because
I
am
short
of
money
too.
我帮不了你，因为我也缺钱。
A
shepherd's
name
was
Thomas,
but
he
was
called
Tom
for
short.
一个牧羊人的名字叫汤姆斯，不过别人都简称他为汤姆。
In
short,
my
life
will
be
much
richer
and
more
colorful.
总之，我的生活将更加丰富多彩。
[语境串记]
UN
is
short
for
the
United
Nations.
So,
we
call
it
UN
for
short.
In
the
past,
the
world
was
short
of
fairness.
But,
nowadays,
with
the
help
of
UN,
we
are
living
in
a
fair
world.
In
short,
I
believe,
the
world
will
become
better
and
better!
UN是联合国的简称，因此，我们简称联合国是UN。在过去，世界缺乏公平。但是现在，在联合国的帮助下，我们生活在一个公平的世界中。总之，我相信我们的世界将会变得越来越好！
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①—What
does
IOC
mean?
—It
is
short
for
the
International
Olympic
Committee.
②I
still
want
to
help
you
though
I
am
short
of
money
too.
③
In
short,
everyone
should
take
part
in
the
fight
against
the
haze.
1(教材P22)What
do
you
think
the
central
part
of
the
country
is
like?
你认为这个国家的中部怎么样？
[归纳拓展]
本句是“特殊疑问词＋do
you
think＋陈述句”结构的特殊疑问句。do
you
think
是插入语，放在特殊疑问词之后，插入语后面的部分要用陈述语序。常作插入语的结构还有：do
you
believe/suppose/guess/imagine/suggest等。
[品读高考]
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Of
the
outstanding
ladies
listed
below,
who
do
you
think
was
the
most
important
woman
of
the
past
100
years?
在以下列出的杰出女性中，你认为谁是过去100年里最重要的女性？
[经典例句]
Where
do
you
think
we
will
have
the
get?together?
你认为我们会在哪里聚会？
Who
do
you
guess
is
the
tallest
of
the
three
sisters?
这三个姐妹中，你猜谁是最高的？
What
do
you
think
I
should
do
when
I
meet
with
something
like
this?
你认为当我遇到这种事时应该做什么呢？
Who
do
you
suggest
(should)
be
sent
to
attend
the
meeting?
你建议派谁去开会？
[名师点津]
若插入语是do
you
suggest，其所在句子的谓语要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
[即学即练]完成句子
①
When
do
you
think
I
can
come
and
see
him
tomorrow
afternoon?
您认为明天下午什么时间我可以来见他？
②
How
do
you
think
he
can
learn
English
well?
你认为他怎样才能学好英语？
③How
much
money
do
you
suggest
(should)be
spent
on
holiday?
你建议假期应该花多少钱？
2(教材P23)And
what
a
ride!
一次多么奇妙的乘车经历啊！
(1)本句是由what引导的感叹句的省略句，补全为：And
what
a
ride
it
was!
[归纳拓展]
感叹句型表示说话者的惊异、喜悦、沮丧等情绪。常见感叹句型：
?1?What＋a/an＋?adj.?＋可数名词单数＋?主语＋谓语?！
What＋?adj.?＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋?主语＋谓语?！
[品读高考]
(2015·北京)Finally,
you
never
know
what
wonderful
idea
might
strike
while
your
mind
has
moved
slowly
away.
最后，你永远不知道当你的思想慢慢离开时，多么好的主意会突然出现。
[经典例句]
What
a
good
suggestion
you
have
put
forward!
你提出了一个多么好的建议啊！
What
hard?working
people
these
farmers
are!
这些农民是多么勤劳的人啊！
What
great
fun
it
is
to
swim
in
the
river
in
summer!
夏天在河里游泳多快乐呀！
How
excited
we
were
at
the
news
that
we
won
first
place!
听到我们赢得第一名这个消息时，我们多么激动啊！
How
beautiful
a
girl
she
is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
[名师点津]
口诀巧记感叹句的引导词：
感叹句，并不难，
what,
how
放句前；
修饰名词用
what,
其余用how很简单。
[即学即练]完成句子
①
What
a
strange
plant
it
is!
＝
How
strange
a
plant
it
is!
多么奇怪的植物啊！
②
What
a
clever
boy
his
brother
is!
＝
How
clever
a
boy
his
brother
is!
他弟弟是多么聪明的孩子啊！
③
What
fun
it
is
to
play
football
after
school!
放学后去踢足球是多么有趣啊！
3(教材P23)The
Afghans
and
their
camels
did
this
until
the
1920s.
直到20世纪20年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。
[归纳拓展]
本句中until
the
1920s是由until引导的时间状语，until是介词，意为“直到……才……”。until除用作介词外，还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
(1)until用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，主句谓语一般是延续性动词(如stay,
sleep,
work,
study等)，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。
(2)until用于否定句作“在……以前，直到……(才)”解时，主句谓语一般是非延续性动词(如come,
arrive,
leave,
die等)。
(3)not
until...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
[品读高考]
(2015·天津)On
the
other
hand,
whenever
I
had
plunged
into
deep
water,
forced
by
courage
or
circumstance,
I
had
always
been
able
to
swim
until
I
got
my
feet
on
the
ground
again.
另一方面，每当我因为勇气或环境的压力而跳入深水时，我总是能够游泳，直到我重新站起来。
[经典例句]
Continue
in
this
direction
until
you
see
a
sign.
一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。
Before
jumping
into
the
water,
stretch
your
arms
and
legs
dozens
of
times
until
you
feel
a
little
hot.
在跳入水中之前，做几十次伸展运动，直到你感到有点热为止。
I
didn't
leave
until
he
came
back.
直到他回来，我才离开。
Not
until
today
have
we
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
enough
right
to
deal
with
everything.
直到今天我们才到了这样的阶段即我们有足够的权利处理任何事。
[名师点津]
not
until...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，是指把be动词、助动词或者情态动词放到主语的前面。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①This
shop
will
be
closed
for
repairs
until
further
notice.
②Not
until
Mr
Smith
came
to
China
did
he
know
what
kind
of
a
country
she
is.
直到史密斯先生来到中国，他才知道这是什么样的国家。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Children
should
be
t
rained
from
an
early
age
in
table
manners.
2．He
was
very
tired
after
a
long
j
ourney.
3．Plants
cannot
grow
without
s
oil,_water
and
sunlight.
4．The
a
bandoned
disabled
children
should
be
taken
good
care
of
by
the
whole
society.
5．The
d
istance
from
the
farm
to
the
town
is
five
kilometers.
6．It
was
right
after
midnight
(半夜)
when
Anne
returned
to
her
apartment.
7．Being
an
expert
(专家)
in
the
computer
field,
he
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
8．The
sun
shone
(闪耀)
brightly
in
cloudless
sky
yesterday.
9．Sometimes
they
drove
slowly,
enjoying
the
beautiful
scenery
(风景)
of
the
countryside.
10．We
need
new
product
(产品)
to
sell.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
refer
to，
more
than，
in
the
distance，
at
a
distance，
get
on，
get
off，
get
into，
get
out
of，
take
off，
be
short
for
1．Anxious
all
the
time,
I
was
unable
to
keep
focused
for
more_than
an
hour
at
a
time.
2．If
you
don't
know
the
spelling
of
a
word,
you
should
refer_to
a
dictionary.
3．I
see
a
light
in_the_distance.
4.She
got_on
her
bicycle
and
cycled
off
quickly.
5．The
picture
looks
better
at_a_distance.
6.WHO
is_short_for
World
Health
Organization.
7．The
boy
got_into
a
taxi
and
left
immediately
before
I
could
say
a
word.
8．Once
there
is
a
fire,
you
must
get_out_of
the
building
as
soon
as
possible.
9．When
the
plane
took_off,_we
were
very
nervous
because
this
was
the
first
time
we
had
taken
the
plane.
10．Excuse
me,
I
have
to
get_off
the
bus
at
the
next
stop.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．What
a
strange
tree
it
is!
I've
never
seen
it
before.(同义句转换)
→
How
strange
a
tree
it
is!
I've
never
seen
it
before.
2．The
play
which
was
written
by
Tom
is
very
popular
with
the
youths.(过去分词作定语)
→The
play
written
by
Tom
is
very
popular
with
the
youths.
3．He
spent
two
days
in
writing
the
report.(同义句转换)
→
It
took
him
two
days
to
write
the
report.
4．The
students
didn't
stop
talking
until
the
teacher
came
in.
(同义句转换)
→The
students
talked
until
the
teacher
came
in.
5．Do
you
suppose
when
they
will
be
back？(同义句转换)
→When
do
you
suppose
they
will
be
back?
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