Module
5
A
Lesson
in
a
Lab
SectionⅢ Writing——实验报告
本单元的写作要求是写一篇实验报告。实验报告是对某实验的目的、步骤、现象、结论等进行论述的报告。
一、基本结构
一般情况下，实验报告是根据实验步骤和顺序展开来写的。
1．实验目的
即本次实验所需达到的目标或目的是什么。
2．实验用品
写出实验用品，应分类罗列，不能遗漏。
3．实验步骤
根据具体的实验目的和原理，写出主要的操作步骤。写作过程中可适当使用表示顺序的词语，使叙述有条理，清楚明了。如first...,
second...,
next...,
and
then...,
finally...等。
4．实验结果
如实正确地记录实验现象或数据。
5．实验结论
对于所进行的操作和得到的相关现象运用已知的知识去分析和解释，得出结论。
二、增分佳句
1．Below
is
a
description
of
a
simple
scientific
experiment.
以下是一个简单的科学实验的描述。
2．Here
are
the
steps
of
the
experiment.
下面是实验的步骤。
3．The
purpose
of
the
experiment
is
to
observe
the
change
of
water
when
heated.
实验的目的是观察水在加热过程中的变化。
4．To
carry
out
the
experiment,
you
need
the
following
things.
为了进行这项实验，你需要以下用品。
5．Once
in
the
lab,
we
should
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully,
watch
the
teacher
show
the
experiment
and
follow
the
teacher's
instructions.
一旦进入实验室，就要仔细听老师讲，观察老师演示实验，遵从老师指导。
请根据下列表格中的内容，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，说明整个实验的内容。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
分析
1.用词
(1)
aim
n.
目的
(2)
balance
n.
天平
(3)
experiment
n.
实验
(4)
conclusion
n.
结论
(5)
find_out
弄清
2．造句
(1)这个实验的目的是弄清镁在空气中燃烧时是否发生了变化。
The
aim
of
the
experiment
is
to
find
out
if
there's
a
change
when
magnesium
burns
in
air.
(2)当你进行实验时，你需要有下列东西。(experiment)
When
you
carry
out
the
experiment,_you
need
the
following
things.
(3)它(镁)比以前重了一点，你能看出这一点。(比较级)
It
weighs
a
little
more
than
before
and
you
can
see
it.
(4)将句(2)升级为“it
is＋adj.＋to
do
sth.”句型
When_you_carry_out_the_experiment,_it_is_necessary_for_you_to_have_the_following_things.
(5)将句(3)升级为含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句
You_can_see_that_it_weighs_a_little_more_than_before.
3．成篇
The
aim
of
the
experiment
is
to
find
out
if
there's
a
change
when
magnesium
burns
in
air.
When
you
carry
out
the
experiment,
it
is
necessary
for
you
to
have
the
following
things:
magnesium,
Bunsen
burner,
a
balance
and
a
crucible.
With
all
these
things
ready,
you
can
begin
the
experiment.
First,
put
the
magnesium
in
the
crucible.
Then
put
the
crucible
on
the
balance
and
weigh
it.
Next,
heat
the
magnesium.
Light
the
Bunsen
burner
and
hold
the
crucible
over
it.
Finally,
weigh
the
magnesium
again.
You
can
see
that
it
weighs
a
little
more
than
before.
So
we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
there
is
a
change
in
weight
when
magnesium
burns
in
air.
PAGE
-
1
-Module
5
A
Lesson
in
a
Lab
Section
Ⅱ Grammar——比较等级
[语法图解]
[课文原句感知]
①The
earth
is
forty?nine
times
as
large
as
the
moon.
②The
earth
is
forty?nine
times
larger
than
the
moon.
③This
stone
bridge
is
twice
the
length
of
the
wood
one.
④The
book
is
as
interesting
as
that
one.
⑤It's
getting
brighter
and
brighter!
⑥The
closer
you
are,
the
more
you'll
see.
⑦We
need
a
piece
which
is
much
bigger
than
that.
[语法领悟]
(1)例句①②③为倍数表达法，其结构分别是：句①
倍数＋as＋形容词＋as；句②
倍数＋比较级＋than；句③
倍数＋the＋性质名词＋of。
(2)例句④为原级比较，其结构是
as＋形容词＋as。
(3)例句⑤⑥⑦是比较级的表达。其中例句⑤的结构是
比较级＋and＋比较级；例句⑥的结构是
the＋比较级，the＋比较级；例句⑦中用了
much修饰比较级。
一、英语倍数表达法
1．倍数表达法的三个常用句型
(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as
This
big
stone
is
three
times
as
heavy
as
that
one.
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than
This
hall
is
five
times
bigger
than
our
classroom.
这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。
(3)倍数＋the＋性质名词(size,
height,
width,
depth,
length等)＋of
This
hill
is
four
times
the
height
of
that
small
one.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
[名师点津]
英语中，用twice或double表示两倍，三倍或三倍以上用基数词＋times,
如three
times,
four
times。
2．倍数表达法的两个变体
(1)倍数＋what从句
The
rainfall
this
year
is
twice
what
it
was
last
year.
今年降雨量是去年的两倍。
(2)倍数＋as
many/much＋名词＋as
We
have
produced
three
times
as
many
computers
as
we
did
last
year.
我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍多。
[即学即练1]
(1)一句多译
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
①This
street
is
four
times
longer
than
that
one.
②This
street
is
four
times
as
long
as
that
one.
③This
street
is
four
times
the
length
of
that
one.
(2)句型转换
④His
books
are
three
times
as
many
as
his
younger
sister's.
→He
has
got
three
times
as
many
books
as
his
younger
sister.
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1．形容词和副词的比较等级的基本句式
(1)原级比较：“...as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”表示“和……一样”，否定式为“...not
as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”
This
picture
is
as
beautiful
as
that
one.
这幅画和那幅画一样漂亮。
The
work
is
not
as/so
difficult
as
you
imagined.
这工作没有你想象的那么难。
[名师点津]
在此句式中，若形容词原级后面跟单数可数名词，则应注意冠词与形容词的位置关系，即“as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as”。
He
is
as
clever
a
boy
as
his
brother.
他是和他哥哥一样聪明的男孩子。
(2)比较级：“形容词/副词比较级＋than”意为“比……更……”
She
speaks
louder
than
her
mother.
她比她妈妈说话声音大。
My
computer
is
more
expensive
than
hers.
我的电脑比她的贵。
2．形容词和副词比较级的特殊句式
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
The
more
careful
you
are,
the
fewer
mistakes
you'll
make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”
With
summer
coming,
the
day
is
becoming
longer
and
longer.
随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。
My
hometown
is
getting
more
and
more
beautiful.
我的家乡正变得越来越美丽。
(3)“the＋比较级＋of
the
two＋n.”表示“两者中较……的那个”
The
younger
of
the
two
brothers
is
a
lawyer.
两兄弟中较年轻的那个是一名律师。
(4)“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级含义
I
have
never
seen
a
more
interesting
book.
这是我所看过的最有趣的书。
You
couldn't
find
a
better
place
to
live
in.
这是你能找到的最好的居住地。
[即学即练2]
(1)单句语法填空
①The
girl
can
run
as
fast
as
her
elder
sister.
②I
didn't
do
my
homework
as
carefully
(careful)
as
you.
③This
book
is
as
interesting
a
book
as
that
one.
(2)完成句子
④It
becomes
colder
and
colder
when
winter
comes.
冬天来了，天气变得越来越冷。
⑤
The
harder
you
study,
the
greater
progress
you
will
make.
你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。
⑥I
have
never
seen
a
better
film.
我从未看过比这更精彩的影片。
3．比较等级的程度状语
(1)比较级前可以用一些表示程度的词修饰，说明两者相比程度的大小。常用的有：a
little,
a
bit,
a
lot,
much,
far,
by
far,
a
great
deal,
greatly,
even,
still,
yet,
no,
rather等。
He
did
much
better
than
I
in
maths.
他数学学得比我好多了。
She
arrived
a
little
earlier
than
I
this
morning.
今天早上她比我稍早一点到达。
Even
worse,
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
更糟糕的是，人们吃的快餐数量上升了。
(2)比较级前还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。例如a
head,
two
meters等。
This
rope
is
two
meters
longer
than
that
one.
这根绳子比那根长两米。
(3)疑问句中用any修饰比较级。
Are
you
feeling
any
better
today?
你今天感觉好些了吗？
[即学即练3]翻译句子
①他比他弟弟高多了。(far)
He_is_far_taller_than_his_younger_brother.
②他比他妈妈高一头。(a
head)
He_is_a_head_taller_than_his_mother.
③他对此事的了解甚至比我还少。(even)
He_knows_even_less_about_it_than_I_do.
④你能开慢点吗？(a
bit)
Can_you_drive_a_bit_more_slowly?
链接高考——单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
longer
(long)
than
non?runners.
2．(2017·浙江)Sixteen
years
earlier
(early),
Pahlsson
had
removed
the
diamond
ring
to
cook
a
meal.
3．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)
It
may
not
be
a
great
suggestion.
But
before
a
better
(good)
one
is
put
forward,
we'll
make
do
with
it.
4．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)The
result
is
not
very
important
to
us,
but
if
we
do
win,
then
so
much
the
better
(good)．
5．(2012·北京)Many
people
have
donated
that
type
of
blood;
however
the
blood
bank
needs
more
(much)．
6．(2011·四川)—How
was
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan?
—I've
never
had
a
more_pleasant
(pleasant)
one
before.
7．(2011·陕西)The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
three
times
as
big
as
the
present
one.
8．(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr
Black
is
very
happy
because
the
clothes
made
in
his
factory
have
never
been
more_popular
(popular)．
9．(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)I
have
seldom
seen
my
mother
so/as
pleased
with
my
progress
as
she
is
now.
PAGE
-
1
-Module
5 A
Lesson
in
a
Lab
Importance
of
science
in
everyday
life
Science
exists
in
every
aspect
of
our
modern
life.
It
is
the
noise
of
machines,
cars,
factories,
and
so
on,
which
awakens
us
every
day
in
the
morning.
The
food
we
eat,
the
clothes
we
wear,
the
books
and
papers
we
read
and
the
games
we
play—all
have
something
to
do
with
the
application(应用)
of
science.
Everyone
feels
the
effects
of
science.
It
is
not
only
the
electric
light
or
fan,
the
radio
or
the
cinema
that
displays
the
power
of
science
in
our
daily
life,
but
everything
we
do
or
that
is
done
to
us.
Science
has
conquered
time
and
distance.
We
can
travel
from
one
place
to
another
with
kinds
of
transportation
quickly,
which
is
what
our
ancestors
could
not
have
dreamed
of.
We
get
current
news
from
all
over
the
world.
With
the
help
of
the
radio,
we
can
listen
to
an
American
speaking
as
if
he
or
she
were
communicating
with
us
face
to
face.
If
we
want
to
speak
to
friends
far
from
us,
there
is
the
telephone
that
will
help
us
do
it.
It
is,
indeed,
true
that
science
has
brought
great
comforts
and
conveniences
to
mankind.
Unless
one
is
an
ascetic(禁欲者),
he
or
she
has
no
reason
to
refuse
the
things
that
science
offers.
By
conquering
time
and
distance,
science
has
made
all
the
countries
live
together
and
made
life
more
colourful.
There
is
one
point
where
we
should
pay
attention
to:
we
must
try
to
be
the
masters
of
scientific
facilities
rather
than
their
slaves.
That
is
to
say,
our
life
cannot
be
mechanized(机械化的).
Instead,
we
should
make
use
of
machines.
If
we
can
do
so,
science
will
make
our
life
more
wonderful.
开启快乐学习之旅
科学已经渗透到我们生活的各个方面，它在改善我们的吃穿住行等方面起着非常重要的作用。一起来了解一下吧。
阅读助手：
1．aspect
n.
方面
2．have
something
to
do
with
与……有关
3．display
vt.
显示；表现
4．conquer
vt.
战胜；征服；攻克
5．ancestor
n.
祖先
6．dream
of
梦想
7．face
to
face
面对面地
8．master
n.
主人
9．rather
than
而不是
10．make
use
of
使用；利用
模块核心素养导航
SectionⅠ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．rust
vi.
生锈
2．ordinary
adj.
普通的；平常的
3．steam
n.
蒸汽；水汽
4．float
vi.
漂浮
5．form
vi.
形成
6．dissolve
vi.
溶解；分解；分离
7.
expand
vi.
膨胀→
expansion
n.
膨胀
8.
mixture
n.
混合物→
mix
v.
混合
9.
electricity
n.
电→
electric
adj.
电的；用电的→
electrical
adj.
与电有关的；用电的
10.
conclusion
n.
结论→
conclude
v.
得出结论
11.
aim
n.
目标；目的→
aimless
adj.
无目标的；无计划的
12.
equipment
n.
设备；装备→
equip
v.
装备；配备
13.
react
vi.
(化学)反应→
reaction
n.
反应
14.
partial
adj.
部分的；局部的→
partially
adv.
部分地
Ⅱ.核心短语
1.
think_of 想出；想象
2.
put...in
order
将……按照顺序排列
3.
react_with
与……发生反应
4.
find_out
弄清楚，弄明白
5.
make_sure
确保
6.
add...to...
往……加入……
7.
keep...out
of
把……关在外面
8．a
mixture
of
一种……的混合物
9．scientific
experiment
科学实验
10．for
example
例如
11．electrical
equipment
电力设备
12．at
the
top
在上面，在顶端
13．at
the
bottom
在下面，在底部
14．air?free
water
没有空气的水
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．地球表面的三分之二是水。
Two?thirds
of
the
earth's
surface
is
water.
2．很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.
3．表格中的金属反应最强的排在上面，反应最弱的排在下面。
Here
is
a
table
with
the
metals
that
react
most
at
the
top，and
the
metals
that
react
least
at
the
bottom.
课文预读
B篇
一个简单的科学实验
下面是对一个简单科学实验的描述。这个实验向我们展示了铁是怎样与空气和水反应的。
目的：弄清楚铁是否会在下列状态下生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在没有空气的水中(无空气水)；(c)在普通的水中。
装置：三个洁净的铁钉、试管、试管夹、棉花、油、本生灯(即煤气灯)。
铁在干燥的空气中
方法
(1)把若干铁钉置于试管底部。
(2)顺着试管塞入一些棉花。
(3)把试管放置一周。
结果
一周后，铁钉未生锈。
结论
铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。
铁在不含空气的水中
方法
(1)在试管中加一半水。
(2)将水烧开保持3分钟。(这样做可以保证水中无空气。)
(3)在水中放2～3个洁净的铁钉。
(4)在水中加些油，这样做可防止空气进入水中。
(5)把试管放置一周。
结果
铁钉在装有无空气的水的试管中未生锈。
结论
铁在没有空气的水中不生锈。
铁在普通的水中
方法
(1)在试管中加一半水，并在水中放2～3个洁净的铁钉。
(2)把试管放置一周。
结果
铁钉在装有普通水的试管中生锈。
结论
铁在普通的水中会生锈。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
Passage
A?
It
mainly
introduces
the_reaction_of_metals_with_different_substances.
2．In
Passage
B,
the
simple
scientific
experiment
consists
of
three
parts：
①
Iron_in_dry_air ②
Iron_in_air?free_water ③
Iron_in_ordinary_water
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
Passage
A
1．The
first
sentence
“It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.”
will
make
us
think
________.
A．metals
make
up
the
world
B．metals
play
a
greatly
important
role
in
the
world
C．there
would
be
no
world
if
there
were
no
metals
D．it
is
difficult
for
us
to
live
in
the
world
of
metals
答案：B
2．The
table
in
the
passage
is
arranged
in
order
of
________.
A．metal
kinds
B．reaction
activities
C．values
of
metal
D．the
first
letters
of
the
words
答案：B
3．According
to
the
table，which
metal
is
most
suitable
to
make
our
daily
kitchenware(厨房用具)?
A．Zinc.
B．Iron.
C．Copper.
D．Magnesium.
答案：C
Passage
B
4．Which
is
NOT
the
apparatus
that
is
required
in
the
experiment
of
“Iron
in
dry
air”？
A．Cotton
wool.
B．Oil.
C．Iron
nails.
D．Test
tube
holder.
答案：B
5．Which
is
required
as
one
of
the
apparatus
in
the
experiment
of
“Iron
in
ordinary
water”？
A．Oil.
B．Cotton.
C．Bunsen
burner.
D．Test
tube
holder.
答案：D
6．The
purpose
of
these
three
experiments
is
________.
A．to
find
out
how
iron
reacts
with
water
and
air
B．to
find
out
how
important
iron
is
C．to
find
out
how
to
do
the
experiment
of
iron's
reaction
with
water
and
air
D．to
find
out
how
to
keep
iron
rustless
答案：D
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Different
__1__
(metal)
have
different
uses.
When
__2__
(use)
metals,
it
is
important
to
know
how
they
react
with
different
substances.
The
__3__
(react)
of
metals
with
these
substances
can
__4__
(put)
in
order.
From
the
table,
we
can
find
that
potassium
reacts
most
with
oxygen
and
water
__5__
copper
doesn't
react
with
water.
When
we
heat
calcium
in
oxygen,
it
burns
to
form
an
oxide.
In
__6__
second
part
of
the
experiment,
you
must
boil
the
water
__7__
(make)
sure
there
is
no
air
in
it.
You
add
some
oil
to
the
water
__8__
this
keeps
air
out
of
it.
It
also
__9__
(show)
that
iron
doesn't
rust
in
water
without
air
in
it.
However,
the
nails
rust
in
the
tube
with
ordinary
water
in
the
third
part
of
the
experiment.
That
is
how
iron
reacts
__10__
air
and
with
water.
1.
metals 2.
using 3.
reaction 4.
be_put 5.
while
6.
the 7.
to_make 8.
because 9.
shows 10.
with
1
派生词：expansion
n.
膨胀；扩大
(教材P41)When
you
heat
a
metal,
it
expands.
当你把金属加热时，它就膨胀。
[归纳拓展]
expand(...)
into...(把……)扩展成……
expand
on/upon
详细阐明；阐述
[品读高考]
(2016·江苏)Such
systems
do
not
need
to
operate
face?to?face,
and
it's
clear
to
me
that
the
Internet
is
expanding
the
range
of
my
own
social
prosthetic
systems.
这样的系统不需要面对面操作，很显然，互联网正在扩大我自己的社交修复系统的范围。
[经典例句]
He
expanded
his
short
story
into
a
book.
他把他的短篇小说扩充成一本书。
She
will
expand
on/upon
the
problem
at
the
meeting.
她将在会上详细说明这个问题。
The
company
has
abandoned
plans
for
further
expansion.
该公司已经放弃了进一步扩张的计划。
[语境串记]
The
city
has
been
expanding
rapidly,
whose
expansion
has
brought
damage
to
the
natural
surroundings.
这个城市一直在迅速扩张，其扩张给自然环境带来了破坏。
[名师点津]
expand指在尺寸、数量或重要性上变大，强调“膨胀”，也可指花瓣等的张开。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①A
rise
in
the
temperature
of
the
gas
results
in
the
expansion
(expand)
②Why
not
try
to
expand
your
story
into
a
novel?
③He
asked
his
teacher
to
expand
on
the
steps
of
programming.
他要老师进一步阐述编程的步骤。
2
派生词：reaction
n.
反应；起作用
(教材P44)When
we
use
metals,
it
is
important
to
know
how
they
react
with
different
substances,
for
example,
water
and
oxygen.
使用金属时，我们要了解金属和不同的物质如何发生反应，这一点很重要，比如，水和氧。
[归纳拓展]
react
to对……做出反应；起反应?
react
with与……发生反应?
react
against反对；反抗
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Because
we
can
watch
the
neighbors
react.
因为我们能看到邻居们作出反应。
[经典例句]
Iron
reacts
with
water
and
air
to
produce
rust.
铁与水和空气发生反应而生锈。
How
did
Wilson
react
to
your
idea?
威尔逊对你的想法有什么反应？
—What's
the
manager's
reaction
to
your
suggestion?
——经理对你的建议反应如何？
—I
don't
know.
He
remains
silent.
——我不知道。他保持沉默。
[名师点津]
与“反应”搭配的介词
动词react和名词reaction表示“(化学)反应”时常与with搭配；表示“作出反应，回应”
时，常与介词to搭配。
[即学即练]用适当的介词填空
①Everyone
makes
mistakes,
but
the
real
test
is
how
you
react
to
that.
②Calcium
reacts
with
water
but
less
violently
than
sodium
and
potassium
do.
③Children
tend
to
react
against
their
parents
by
going
against
their
wishes.
3
词根：equip
vt.
装备
(教材P44)Different
metals
have
different
uses,
for
example,
steel
is
used
in
cars,
and
iron
is
used
in
electrical
equipment.
不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a
piece/set
of
equipment一件/套设备
(2)equip...with...用……装备……
be
equipped
with
装备着……
[品读高考]
(2017·天津)The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
allowing
more
patients
to
be
treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。
[经典例句]
A
lot
of
money
was
spent
on
the
equipment
of
the
new
hospital.
新医院的设备花费巨大。
As
students,
we
should
equip
ourselves
with
knowledge.
作为学生，我们应该用知识来武装自己。
Our
school
is
equipped
with
advanced
teaching
equipment.
我们学校配备着先进的教学设备。
[语境串记]
Every
classroom
in
our
school
is
equipped
with
modern
equipment.
我们学校的每个教室都配有现代化的设备。
[名师点津]
equipment为不可数名词，不和不定冠词连用，也无复数形式，通常借助于量词来表示数量关系，如a
set
of
equipment一套设备；a
piece
of/an
article
of
equipment一件设备。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句改错
①A
computer
is
the
most
important
piece
of
equipment
(equip)
you
will
buy.
②Our
factory
is
equipped
with
modern
machines.
③You
must
carry
the
necessary
equipments
with
you
when
going
out.
equipments→equipment
4
(教材P44)Burns
to
form
an
oxide
燃烧生成氧化物
[归纳拓展]
(1)form
the
habit
of...
养成……的习惯
(2)in
the
form
of...
以……形式，呈……状态
fill
in/out
a
form
填表格
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The
curves
(曲线)
of
the
buildings
perfectly
match
the
rise
and
fall
of
hills,
forming
a
unique
view.
建筑的曲线和山脉的起伏遥相呼应，从而构成了一幅独特景观。
[经典例句]
He
has
formed
the
habit
of
going
to
bed
early
and
getting
up
early.
他养成了早睡早起的习惯。
We
send
notices
to
visitors,
usually
in
the
form
of
an
e?mail.
我们通常以电子邮件的形式向游客发出通知。
Please
fill
in/out
a
form
before
getting
into
the
hall.
进入大厅之前请填表。
[语境串记]
Clouds
are
forming
on
the
top
of
the
hill,
and
the
forms
are
beautiful.
山顶上出现了云，它们的形状很美。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①—How
much
do
you
know
about
the
Youth
Olympic
Games
held
in
Nanjing?
—Well,
the
media
covered
it
in
different
forms
(form).
②The
Nigeria
Football
Federation
has
formed
the
habit
of
requesting
for
funds
for
its
programme
at
very
short
notice.
③If
you
put
forward
your
idea
in
the
form
of
a
question,
it
will
be
easily
accepted.
如果你以提问的形式提出自己的观点，将会易于接受。
5
词根：conclude
v.
得出结论；结束
(教材P45)Conclusion:
Iron
does
not
rust
in
dry
air.
结论：铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。
[归纳拓展]
(1)draw/come
to/arrive
at/reach
a
conclusion得出结论
jump
to
a
conclusion
匆忙下结论
in
conclusion
最后，作为结论；总之
(2)conclude(...)
with...
以……结束
conclude
that...
得出结论……
[品读高考]
(2014·课标全国Ⅰ)Being
able
to
read
people
helps
kid
from
misreading
a
situation
and
jumping
to
false
conclusions.
能够读懂别人可以帮助孩子免于误解状况，匆忙得出错误的结论。
[经典例句]
I
soon
arrived
at/came
to/reached
the
conclusion
that
she'd
been
lying.
我不久就得出结论，她在撒谎。
In
conclusion，I'd
like
to
say
that
you
are
the
kindest
person
that
I
have
met.
最后，我想说你是我遇到的最善良的人。
The
film
concludes
with
the
heroine's
death.
影片以女主人公之死结束。
[名师点津]
in
conclusion
在写作中常作总结语使用，同义短语还有
in
a
word,
in
one
word,
all
in
all
等。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
author
concludes
the
chapter
with
a
brief
summary
of
her
research.
②Doctors
failed
to
reach
a
conclusion(conclude)
on
the
exact
cause
of
death.
③
In
conclusion,
China's
the
Belt
and
Road
program
is
moving
forward,
which
is
a
fact
that
no
one
can
change.
派生词：aimless
adj.
无目标的；无计划的
aimlessly
adv.
漫无目的地
(教材P45)Aim:
To
find
out
if
iron
rusts.
目的：弄清铁(在下列情况下)是否会生锈。
[归纳拓展]
(1)aim...at...
用……瞄准/对准……
aim
to
do
sth.＝aim
at
doing
sth.
旨在做某事，打算做某事
(2)with
the
aim
of...
为了……
without
aim
无目的地
achieve
one's
aim
达到目的；实现目标
take
aim
at
瞄准
[品读高考]
(2017·北京)She
started
the
Ladybug
Foundation,
an
organization
aiming
at
getting
rid
of
homelessness.
她创办了瓢虫基金会，一个力求消灭无家可归的现象的组织。
[经典例句]
I'm
aiming
to
lose
5
kg
before
the
summer
holidays.
我的目标是在暑假前减掉5千克体重。
He
went
to
Shanghai
with
the
aim
of
finding
a
job.
他去上海的目的是找工作。
Don't
argue
aimlessly.
Let's
sit
down
and
talk
things
over.
别漫无目的地争论了，我们坐下来讨论一下吧。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译
①His
life
seems
aimless
(aim):
he
is
just
playing
about,
doing
nothing.
②The
police
found
the
boy
wandering
aimlessly
(aim)
in
the
street,
not
knowing
where
to
go.
③He
took
aim
at
the
bird
in
the
tree
but
missed
it.
④为了通过驾照考试，他努力训练。
→He
trained
hard
with
the
aim
of
passing
the
driving
test.
→He
trained
hard,
aiming_at_passing/aim_to_pass
the
driving
test.
1
(教材P44)It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
[归纳拓展]
(1)think
highly/well/much
of
对……评价很高
think
little/poorly
of
对……评价不高
think
nothing
of(doing)
sth.
不把……当一回事
think
of...as...
把……看作……
(2)What
do
you
think
of...?
你认为……怎么样？
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)When
most
people
think
of
the
arts,
they
imagine
the
end
product,
the
beautiful
painting,
a
wonderful
piece
of
music,
or
an
award
winning
performance
in
the
theater.
当大多数人想到艺术，他们想象的是成品，美丽的绘画，美妙的音乐，或在剧院表演的获奖的节目。
[经典例句]
My
wife
thinks
nothing
of
spending
a
hundred
pounds
on
a
new
dress.
我妻子把花100英镑去买一件新衣服，看成是小事一桩。
We
think
highly
of
their
research
in
the
field.
我们对他们在该领域的研究评价很高。
We
all
think
of
her
as
a
responsible
teacher.
我们都认为她是一位负责的老师。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换
①I've
long
thought
of
Paris
as
one
of
the
most
beautiful
cities
in
the
world.
②Can
you
think
of
a
way
to
raise
money?
③How
do
you
like
women
who
wear
high
heel
shoes?
→
What
do
you
think
of
women
who
wear
high
heel
shoes?
2
(教材P44)The
reaction
of
metals
with
these
substances
can
be
put
in
order.
(不同的)金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。
[归纳拓展]
?1?in
order
of
按……顺序?
?2?out
of
order
无序?地?；发生故障?
?3?in
good/bad
order
井然有序/乱七八糟
[品读高考]
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Let's
number
the
letters
of
the
alphabet,
in
order,
from
1
to
26.
让我们把字母表里的字母按顺序从1数到26。
[经典例句]
All
the
things
had
been
kept
in
good
order.
所有东西都保持得井然有序。
Work
should
be
done
in
order
of
importance.
工作应分轻重缓急。
He
keeps
fiddling
with
the
dials
on
the
radio;
he
is
sure
to
put
it
out
of
order.
他老是玩弄收音机上的控制盘，一定会把它弄坏的。
[名师点津]
order作“条理，秩序”解时为不可数名词，故以上短语中order前不加a。
[即学即练]完成句子
①Put
everything
in
the
room
in
order
before
you
leave
the
room.
离开房间前把房间里的所有东西整理好。
②Everything
in
the
room
is
in
good
order
today.
今天房间里的一切都井然有序。
③My
clock
is
out
of
order
and
it
waked
me
up
at
3
this
morning.
我的闹钟发生故障了，今天早晨3点就把我叫醒了。
3
add...to...
往……加入……
(教材P45)Add
some
oil
to
the
water.
往水里加些油。
[归纳拓展]
(1)add
to
增加；增添
add
up
加起来
add
up
to
加起来达到
(2)add
that...
补充说……
[品读高考]
(2016·天津)The
dictionary
is
out
of
date：many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。
[经典例句]
I
don't
want
to
add
to
your
trouble.
我不想给你增加麻烦。
Don't
ask
me
to
add
up
the
bill,
maths
isn't
my
strong
point.
别叫我算账单，我的数学可不怎么样。
The
cost
of
two
trips
added
up
to
1,000
dollars.
两次旅行的费用总计1
000
美元。
[即学即练]用add短语的适当形式完成句子
①Now
the
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
adds_up_to
5,000.
②Would
you
like
to
add
anything
to
what
I've
said,
John?
③This
latest
incident
will
add_to
the
pressure
on
the
government.
④He
wrote
down
the
weight
of
each
stone
and
then
added_up
all
the
weights.
(教材P41)Two?thirds
of
the
earth's
surface
is
water.
地球表面的三分之二是水。
本句为简单句，主语为two?thirds
of
the
earth's
surface，谓语用单数形式。
[归纳拓展]
“分数?百分数?＋of＋名词?代词?”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
[品读高考]
(2011·湖南)One?third
of
the
country
is
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
are
black
people.
这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖，并且大多数公民是黑人。
[经典例句]
Over
four?fifths
of
the
students
in
our
school
are
from
the
countryside.
我们学校五分之四以上的学生来自农村。
Only
one?third
of
the
work
has
been
done
by
now.
到现在为止仅完成了三分之一的工作。
Two
thirds
of
the
continent
was
covered
in
ice
before
the
last
Ice
Age.
该大陆的三分之二地区在上个冰河时代之前被冰覆盖。
[名师点津]
分数的表达
分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于“1”，分母加“?s”。若是“1/2”和“1/4”可分别用half和quarter表达。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①About
60
percent
of
the
workers
in
this
country
are
(be)
young
people.
②One
fifth
of
the
water
comes
(come)
from
the
underground.
③Thirty
percent
of
the
farmland
has_been_planted
(plant)
to
oil
crops
so
far.
(教材P44)It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
本句为“It
is＋形容词＋to
do”句型，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。
[归纳拓展]
it作形式主语的常见句型：?
?1?It
is＋adj.＋?for/of
sb.?to
do
sth.?
?2?It
is＋adj./n.＋that
从句?
?3?It
is
no
good/no
use/useless
doing
sth.做某事是没有好处/用的
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercise
energizes
you,
so
it
is
more
difficult
to
relax
and
have
a
peaceful
sleep
when
you
are
very
excited.
运动使你精力充沛，所以当非常兴奋的时候，你很难放松，有一个平静的睡眠。
[经典例句]
It
is
very
important
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
学一门外语非常重要。
It's
a
pity
that
George
can't
make
it
to
the
party.
真遗憾，乔治不能来参加这次聚会了。
It's
no
use
arguing
with
her—she
won't
listen.
跟她争论没有用——她不会听的。
[名师点津]
在“It
is/was＋adj.(for/of
sb.)＋to
do
sth.”结构中，for前面的形容词通常是difficult,
necessary,
important,
quick,
easy等，这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而of前面的形容词常常是wise,
kind,
stupid,
silly,
bright,
nice,
good等，这些形容词常常与人的性格特点有关。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①It's
so
nice
to_hear
(hear)
from
her
again.
②It
was
considerate
of
Michael
to
inform
us
of
his
delay
in
case
we
got
married.
③It
is
no
good
playing
(play)
computer
games.
(教材P44)Here
is
a
table
with
the
metals
that
react
most
at
the
top,
and
the
metals
that
react
least
at
the
bottom.
下面表格中金属反应最强的排在上面，反应最弱的排在下面。
Here
is
a
table...为全部倒装结构。
[归纳拓展]
?1?以here，
there，
in，
out，
up，
down，
away，
back，
now，
then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。?
?2?当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用全部倒装。?
?3?有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需要全部倒装。
[品读高考]
(2017·天津)Here
are
four
common
email
accidents,
and
how
to
recover.
这是四种常见的电子邮件故障以及恢复邮件的方法。
[经典例句]
The
door
opened
and
out
rushed
the
children.
门开了，孩子们冲了出来。
South
of
the
city
lies
a
big
steel
factory.
城南坐落着一座大型钢厂。
Gone
are
the
days
when
we
used
foreign
oil.
我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
[名师点津]
以here,
there开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，不用倒装。
—Look,
here
comes
the
bus.
—Here
it
comes.
——看，汽车来了。
——它(车)确实来了。
[即学即练]用倒装句完成句子/单句语法填空
①
Out
rushed
the
students
to
welcome
the
foreign
friends.
学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。
②On
the
top
of
the
hill
stands
a
temple.
山顶上有座寺庙。
③There
remains
(remain)
a
still
more
difficult
task
for
us.
④Now
comes
(come)
your
turn.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We
all
know
that
many
materials
e
xpand
when
heated.
2．After
a
fire
broke
out
in
the
lab,
a
lot
of
e
quipment
was
damaged.
3．He
has
f
ormed
the
habit
of
taking
notes
while
doing
some
reading.
4．There
were
perhaps
two
main
c
onclusions
to
be
drawn
from
the
above
discussion.
5．The
anti?smoking
campaign
is
mainly
a
imed
at
young
teenagers.
6．I
found
something
large
floating
(漂浮)
in
the
sea
about
a
mile
away
from
the
shore.
7．The
novel
describes
the
way
of
life
of
the
ordinary
(普通的)
people
there.
8．He
was
surprised
that
his
answer
should
have
caused
such
a
strong
reaction
(反应)．
9．Would
you
like
to
add
(添加)
more
sugar
to
your
coffee?
10．The
team
reached
the
semi?final
stage
(阶段)
of
the
competition.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
at
the
bottom
of;
think
of;
for
example;
at
least;
make
sure;
put...in
order;
add...to;
keep...out
of;
at
the
top
of;
react
with
1．Great
men
have
often
risen
from
poverty—Lincoln
and
Edison,
for_example.
2.
At_the_top_of
the
stairs
stood
the
white?coated
doctors.
3．The
correct
answers
can
be
found
at_the_bottom_of
page
8.
4．It
won't
react_with
other
substances
under
ordinary
conditions.
5．We
should
brush
our
teeth
at_least
twice
a
day.
6．Father
makes_sure
that
all
the
lights
are
off
before
he
goes
to
bed.
7．I
know
his
face,
but
I
can't
think_of
where
I've
met
him.
8．He
was
as
busy
as
a
bee
trying
to
put
the
house
in_order.
9．Chinese
will
be
added_to
the
list
of
languages
covered
under
the
country's
national
exam.
10．Close
the
door
and
keep
the
cold
air
out_of
the
room.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．A
three?year?old
boy
rushed
from
behind
the
door.(用倒装句)
→From
behind
the
door
rushed
a
three?year?old
boy.
2．He
was
careless
to
leave
his
umbrella
in
the
store.(用it作形式主语)
→
It
was
careless
of
him
to
leave
his
umbrella
in
the
store.
3．This
book
is
twice
thicker
than
that
one.(用倍数＋as...as改写)
→This
book
is
twice
as
thick
as
that
one.
4．I
spent
one
third
of
my
spare
time
reading
books.(用被动语态改写)
→One
third
of
my
spare
time
is
spent
reading
books.
5．In
a
word,
I
would
like
to
say
how
much
I
have
enjoyed
myself
today.(改为同义句)
→
In
conclusion,_I
would
like
to
say
how
much
I
have
enjoyed
myself
today.
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