Unit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅵ Writing——事物描写文
个人随笔主要是写自己的所见所闻(或按提示要求去写)，并适当谈谈自己的心得体会或看法、建议等。它不拘一格，短小精悍，形式灵活，可以描写或评论，或夹叙夹议或抒情等。其主要特点是层次和结构比较简单，内容单一(如写学校、环境等)，写作材料易于收集(主要是身边的世界，比较熟悉)，利于用已学知识表达生活中的内容。在写作时，要注意把握主题，然后围绕主题安排相关的个人信息或背景材料，支持细节等。譬如写学校，就要注意地理位置、科目、课外活动、理想中的学校等，然后安排好段落，层次清晰地进行表达。
常用表达
1．(It
is)
Located/Situated
at
the
back
of/in
the
east
of...
2．It
covers
an
area
of...
3．The
old
building
is
20
years
old/dates
back
to/dates
from...
4．In
the
east
of/East
of
the
old
building
is/lies...
5．It
plays
an
important
role/part
in
our
life...
6．It
really
makes
our
school
beautiful...
7．But
it
could
be
better...
8．My
dream/perfect
school
would...
你校文学社举办以“I
Like
Reading”为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿。请根据以下要点写一篇短文。
1．你为什么喜欢读书；
2．你喜欢读哪一类的书(例如：历史、科学、文学等)，请给出至少两个理由。
注意：词数100左右。
分析
1．用词
(1)喜欢
be_fond_of
(2)对阅读的热爱
he_love_for_reading
(3)在我的一生中
in_my_life
(4)使我感兴趣的是
what_interests_me
(5)一则……再则……
for
one
thing...for
another...
2．造句
(1)我一直喜欢读书。
I
am_always_fond_of
reading.
(2)书籍就像聪明的教师，也像我一生中的好朋友。
Books
are
like
wise
teachers
as_well_as
good
friends
in
my
life.
(3)有各种书供我们选择。
There
are
a_variety_of_books
for
us
to
choose
from.
(4)(供我们选择的书)有历史书、科学书、文学书等。
here_are
history
books,
science
books,
literary
books
and_so_on.
(5)它们提高了我的写作技能，拓宽了我的视野。
They
help_to_improve_my_writing_skills_and
broaden
my
horizons.
(6)它们丰富了我的生活，带给我乐趣。
hey_can_enrich_my_life
and
provide
me
with
great
fun.
3．成篇
Reading_is_my_favorite_hobby._I_am_always_fond_of_reading__because_books_are_like_wise_teachers_as_well_as_good_friends_in_my_life._As_we_know,_books_are_the_source_of_knowledge._I_benefit_a_great_deal_from_reading.
There_are_a_variety_of_books_for_us_to_choose_from,_like_history_books,_science_books,_literary_books_and_so_on._But_what_interests_me_most_is_literary_books,_especially_those_by_famous_writers.
For_one_thing,_they_help_to_improve_my_writing_skills_and_broaden_my_horizons._For_another,_they_can_enrich_my_life_and_provide_me_with_great_fun._Isn't_it_a_pleasure_to_have_great_calm_in_mind_while_you_are_reading?
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅴ Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&
Bulletin
Board
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．biochemistry
n.
生物化学
2．choir
n.
合唱队，合唱团
3．compulsory
adj.
强制性的，义务的
4．certificate
n.
证书，证明
5．range
n.
变化范围
6．carpentry
n.
木匠业，木工手艺
7．specific
adj.
详细的，特定的
8．adapt
vt.
使适应；改编→adaptation
n.
适应；改编本
9．appreciation
n.
欣赏，感激→appreciate
v.
感激，欣赏
10．vocational
adj.
职业的→vocation
n.
工作，职业
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．as_a_whole
总的来说
2．as_I_see_it
依我看，在我看来
3．at_the_moment
此刻，现在，目前
4．so_that
以便，以致
5．as
well
as
除了……之外(还)
6．in
conclusion
总之，最后
7．in
preparation
for
为……做准备
8．be
designed
to
do
专门用来做……
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．so
that“以便，以致”，引导目的和结果状语从句。
...but
near
a
big
park
so_that
students
could
go
there
after
lunch
to
relax.
……但要在一个大公园附近，以便同学们午饭后可以去那儿放松。
2．as
well
as除了……以外还……
As_well_as
the
subjects
on
the
timetable,
there
would
be
many
after－school
interest
groups,
such
as
chess,
choir,
photography
and
sports.
除课程表上的科目外，还要设许多的课外兴趣小组，如国际象棋、合唱、摄影和运动小组。
3．not
only...but
also...是一个并列连词词组，意为“不但……，而且……”。
To
us
she
is
not_only
a
teacher,
but_also
a
good
friend
and
a
loving
elder
sister.
对于我们来说，她不仅是一个老师，也是一个好朋友和富有爱心的大姐姐。
4．not...but...不是……而是……
Bacon
held
an
important
rank
under
King
James
(1566—1625)
of
England
but
his
true
interest
was
not
the
day
to
day
bureaucratic
details
of
the
government,
but
the
worthy
search
for
knowledge.
在詹姆斯国王(1566—1625)统治英国时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不断追求。
1
adapt
vi.
&
vt.
(使)适应，(使)适合
vt.
改编，改写
(教材P44)For
a
start,
it
would
be
hard
adapting
to
a
new
culture.
一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。
(1)adapt
(oneself)
to... 使(某人自己)适应……
adapt...to...
使……适应……
adapt
sth.for
sb.
使某物适合某人
adapt
A
for
B
将A改编成B
adapt
A
from
B
把B改编成A
(2)adaptable
adj.
有适应能力的；能适应的
adaptation
n.
改编本；适应
[即学即用]
(1)After
graduation
from
college,
I
gradually
adapted
myself
to
living
on
my
own.
大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。
(2)This
TV
play
was
adapted
from
a
historical
novel.
这部电视剧改编自一部历史小说。
(3)单句语法填空
①The
children
are
finding
it
difficult
to
adapt
o
their
new
school.
②Do
you
think
the
film
adaptation
(adapt)
was
faithful
to
the
original
book?
③The
movie
is
adapted
from
a
famous
novel.
④As
far
as
I
know,
he
is
going
to
adapt
his
book
for
beginners.
⑤I
hold
the
firm
belief
that
she
will
deal
with
the
changes
very
well,
because
she
is
very
adaptable
(adapt)．
2
(教材P45)However,
there
would
also
be
some
new
optional
subjects,
for
example,
literary
appreciation,
astronomy,
biochemistry,
etc.
然而，也应有一些新的选修科目，如文学欣赏、天文学、生物化学等。
(1)show/express
one's
appreciation 表示感谢
in
appreciation
of作为对……的感谢，为感谢……
(2)appreciate
vt.
欣赏；感激
appreciate
(doing)
sth.
感激(做)某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if...如果……我将不胜感激
[即学即用]
(1)The
chairman
asked
me
to
express/show
our
appreciation
of
all
your
hard
work.
主席要我对大家的辛苦工作表示感谢。
(2)As
far
as
I
know,
he
really
appreciates
working
with
those
who
do
a
good
job.
据我所知，他很乐意与工作出色的人共事。
(3)单句语法填空
①He
shows
little
appreciation
(appreciate)
of
good
music.
②We
shall
appreciate
hearing
(hear)
from
you
again.
③I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
would
help
me
with
it.
[联想归纳] appreciate后面只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”。当appreciate,
hate,
dislike,
love,
like,
depend
on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
3
range
n.
变化范围；幅度；种类；射程
v.
(在某范围内)变动，变化
(教材P46)Students
take
between
8—12
GCSEs
in
a
range
of
subjects
that
always
include
mathematics,
science,
English,
and
at
least
one
foreign
language.
学生要参加8—12级普通中等教育证书的考试，考试范围通常包括数学、科学、英语和至少一门外语。
(1)a
range
of 一系列
in/within
one's
range
在某人的能力范围内
out
of
one's
range
(of
sth.)
超出……的范围；超出某人
的能力范围
beyond
one's
range
超出某人的能力范围
(2)range
from
A
to
B/range
between
A
and
B从(在)A到B之间变化
[即学即用]
(1)Students
in
this
school
range
from
13
to
18.
这所学校的学生年龄在13至18岁之间。
(2)The
hotel
offers
a
wide
range
of
facilities
and
services.
这家酒店提供各种不同的设施和服务。
(3)Their
jobs
widely
range_from
government
officials
and
athletes
o
drivers,
teachers,
artists
and
so
on.
他们的工作从政府官员和运动员到司机、老师、艺术家等等。
(4)We
have
a_range_of
cages
on
special
offer.
我们有一系列的笼子特价出售。
(5)The
question
you
asked
is
out_of_my_range.
你问的问题我不懂。
(教材P44)As
a
whole,
I
think
that
studying
abroad
can
be
a
positive
experience
but
should
be
done
when
students
are
older,
possibly
at
university.
总的来说，我认为留学可以是一种积极的经历，但应该在学生大一点的时候——可能在大学时进行。
[即学即用]
(1)We
must
consider
these
matters
as
a
whole.
我们必须全盘考虑这些事。
(2)On_the_whole,_I
liked
my
trip
to
Hainan,
although
it
was
sometimes
hot.
总的来说，我喜欢海南的旅行，尽管有时天气炎热。
(3)As_a_whole,_the
official's
views
are
popular
with
the
citizens.
总的来看，这位官员的观点受到市民的欢迎。
2
(教材P44)In
conclusion,
I
think
my
school
would
have
a
good
variety
of
activities—something
for
everyone.
总之，我认为我的学校会有各种各样不同的活动——适合每个人的活动。
(1)arrive
at/come
to/draw/reach
a
conclusion得出结论
bring...to
a
conclusion 使……结束
(2)conclude
v.
断定；结束；达成
conclude
sth.
with
sth.
以……结束……
conclude
sth.from
sth.
由……断定……
conclude
that...
推断出……
[即学即用]
(1)I
have
arrived
at
the
conclusion
that
he
is
a
very
intelligent
boy.
我得出结论：他是个聪明的男孩。
(2)The
police
concluded
that
he
must
be
the
murderer.
警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。
(3)单句语法填空
①When
the
group
discussion
is
nearing
its
end,
be
sure
to
conclude
it
with
important
points.
②He
concluded
from
their
remarks
that
they
were
not
in
favour
of
the
plan.
③In
conclusion,
I
would
like
to
thank
everyone
who
helped
to
make
this
event
possible.
④They
came
to
the
conclusion
(conclude)
that
it
was
a
thief
who
had
stolen
their
diamond
necklace.
3
(教材P46)Instead
they
learn
how
to
play
with
other
children
in
preparation
for
school.
相反，他们学习如何同其他小孩玩耍，为进入学校做准备。
(1)be
in
preparation 在准备中
make
preparations
for...
为……做准备
(2)prepare
v.
准备；调制
prepare
to
do
sth.
准备做某事
prepare
for
sth.
为某事做准备
be
prepared
to
do
sth./for
sth.对某事有准备(表状态)
be/get
ready
for
sth.
为某事做好准备
[即学即用]
(1)He
packed
his
bags
in
preparation
for
the
journey.
他打好包，为旅行做准备。
(2)We
should
prepare
well
for
the
ceremony.
我们应该为这次典礼做好准备。
(3)单句语法填空
①When
he
arrived,
I
was
preparing
o_leave
(leave)
the
city.
②We
are
not
prepared
(prepare)
to
accept
these
conditions.
③At
present,
the
project
is
in
preparation
(prepare)
for
construction.
(教材P45)
As
well
as
the
subjects
on
the
timetable,
there
would
be
many
after－school
interest
groups,
such
as
chess,
choir,
photography
and
sports.
除了课程表上的课程，还应该有许多课后兴趣小组，如象棋组、合唱队、摄影组和运动小组。
as
well
as是固定短语，意为“除……以外还……；和……一样也……”。
?1?as
well
as意为“除了……以外还……；和……一样
也……”。当放于句首时，其相当于in
addition
to。
?2?as
well
as通常连接两个对等的成分，即as
well
as之前和之后的成分相同，同为主语、宾语、表语等。
?3?as
well
as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语确定，即通常所说的“就前一致原则”。
?4?as
well
as可用于表达同级比较，well为副词，意思是“和……一样好”。
[即学即用]
(1)He
shared
in
my
sorrows
as
well
as
in
my
joys.
他分担我的悲伤也分享我的快乐。
(2)As
well
as
breaking
his
leg,
he
hurt
his
arm.
他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
(3)English,
as
well
as
Chinese
and
math,
is_of
great
importance.
同语文和数学一样，英语也很重要。
(4)She
intends
to
fight
to
make
it
a
woman's
as_well_as
a
man's
world.
她打算为创造一个和男人世界一样的女人世界而奋斗。
2??教材P45?
To
us
she
is
not
only
a
teacher，
but
also
a
good
friend
and
a
loving
elder
sister.,对我们来说，她不仅是老师，还是好朋友和富有爱心的大姐姐。
not
only...but
also...是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both...and...”但侧重点放在“but
also”上，also可省略。
(1)not
only...but
also应连接两个相对称的并列成分。
(2)not
only...but
also连接两个分句时，如果把not
only放在句首加以强调，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。
(3)not
only...but
also连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
(4)遵循就近一致原则的还有：not...but...;
either...or...;
neither...nor...。
[即学即用]
(1)I
not
only
play
tennis
but
also
practise
shooting.
我不仅打网球而且还练习射击。
(2)Not
only
does
the
sun
give
us
light
but
also
it
gives
us
heat.
太阳不仅给了我们光还有热量。
(3)Not
only
I
but
also
Tom
and
Mary
are
fond
of
swimming.
→Not
only
Tom
and
Mary
but
also
I
am
fond
of
swimming.
我、汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。
(4)Not_only_has
Man
become
master
of
the
sky
but_also
of
the
space.
人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。
(5)They
speak
English
not_only_in_class_but_also_in_
the_dormitory.
他们不仅在教室说英语，在宿舍也说。
(6)Not
you
but
Tom
is_to_blame.
不是你而是汤姆应该受到责备。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.
As
a
whole,
our
achievements
are
more
or
less
satisfying.
2．They
were
busy
in
preparation
(prepare)
for
the
coming
art
festival.
3．They
drew
a
conclusion
(conclude)
from
the
experiment
and
reported
it
to
the
class.
4．The
new
settlers
had
no
difficulty
in
adapting
themselves
o
the
new
environment.
5．The
girl
seated
at
the
back
smiled
at
me
to
show
appreciation
(appreciate)
for
my
timely
help.
6．The
people,
ranging
(range)
from
16
to
45,
can
have
access
to
the
sports
game.
7．The
two
parties
are
quarrelling.
One
otally
(total)
disagrees
with
the
other.
8．In
the
UK,
private
schools
are
considered
better
(well)
than
government
schools.
9．Remember
to
present
your
points
in
order
of
importance
in
a
debate.
10．He
concluded
his
speech
with
some
amusing
remarks.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It
is
not
a
sad
day,
but
a
time
to
celebrate
the
cycle
of
life.
这不是个悲伤的日子，而是一个庆祝生命轮回的时刻。
2.
In_conclusion,_I'd
like
to
express
thanks
to
my
family.
最后，我想向我的家人表示感谢。
3．His
property
was
sold
as_a_whole.
他的财产被整个卖掉了。
4．The
children
find
it
hard
to
adapt_to
the
new
school.
孩子们发现很难适应新学校。
5.
Not_only_Tom_but_also_you
work
hard;
both
of
you
were
praised
by
our
teacher.
不仅汤姆学习用功，你学习也用功，你们两个都被老师表扬了。
6．E－mail
as_well_as
mobile
phones
plays
a
more
and
more
important
part
in
our
daily
life.
和手机一样，电子邮件在我们的日常生活中也起着越来越重要的作用。
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅳ Lesson
4
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．acquire
vt.
获得，得到
2．hinking
n.
思考，考虑
3．rank
n.
职衔
4．worthy
adj.
值得的
5．approve
v.
赞成；认可；同意
6．urge
vt.
力劝，强烈要求
7．inspire
v.
启发；鼓舞
8．conventional
adj.
传统的，保守的
9．civilisation
n.
文明
10．vital
adj.
极其重要的
11．image
n.
景象，形象；比喻
12．unwilling
adj.
不情愿的
13．shadow
n.
阴影；影子
14．religion
n.
宗教→religious
adj.
宗教的
15．defence
n.
保卫，保护→defend
v.
保卫，保护
16．ignore
vt.
忽视，不顾→ignorance
n.
忽视
17．assumption
n.
假定，假设→assume
vt.
假定，假设
18．beneficial
adj.
有用的，有益的→benefit
n.
益处，好处 v.
对……有益
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．o_start_with
首先
2．be/get_accustomed_to
习惯于……
3．go_against
违背
4．come_to_one's_defence
为某人辩护
5．end_to
往往会，倾向于
6．make_assumptions_about
对……作出假设
7．(be)
based
on
以……为基础
8．put
forward
提出
9．approve
of
赞成，赞许
10．in
other
words
换句话说
11．be
vital
to
对……重要
12．be
beneficial
to
对……有益
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．with复合结构在句中作状语
At
that
time,
people
believed
more
in
religion
than
in
facts
and
people
like
Galileo
Galilei
(1564—1642),
who
proved
scientific
ideas
such
as
“the
Earth
is
not
the
centre
of
the
universe”，
were
often
punished
by
the
church
with
no
one
coming
to
their
defence.
在当时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明了诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚，而没有人来为他们辩护。
2．what引导的名词性从句作challenge的宾语。
The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what_they_had_always_comfortably_believed.
教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，他们不愿向自己一直相信的事实发出挑战。
3．“It
is＋adj.＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It_is_not_surprising_that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle
(384—322
BC)．
人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。
1.v.＋ption＝n.
①assumption
假定；臆断 ②presumption
假设
③consumption
消费量
④description
描写
⑤subscription
订阅
2．be＋pp＋to
①be
accustomed
to
习惯于
②be
related
to
和……有联系
③be
addicted
to
沉溺于……
④be
opposed
to
反对
⑤be
devoted
to
献身于
课文预读
“Who
questions
much,
shall
learn
much,
and
remember
much.”
—Francis
Bacon
(1561—1626)
It
seems
obvious
now
how
we
acquire①
knowledge
and
understanding.
To
start
with②，
you
need
questions.
Then,
to
find
answers,
you
observe③
the
world
around
you
and
study
the
facts.
After
that
you
consider
possible
answers
and
test
each
to
find
the
right
ones.
Although
today
we
are
more
accustomed
to④
typing
a
few
key
words
into
a
search
engine
and
waiting
for
the
Internet
to
spit
the
answer
out⑤
for
us,
modern
scientists
and
thinkers
are
still
solving
the
world's
problems
with
this
type
of
analysis—luckily
for
us.
However,
in
the
17th
century
when
Francis
Bacon
suggested
that
this
type
of
thinking⑥
was
the
way
to
gain
knowledge,
he
was
going
against⑦
the
views
of
the
day.
Bacon
held
an
important
rank⑧
under
King
James(1566—1625)of
England
but
his
true
interest
was
not
the
day
to
day
bureaucratic⑨
details
of
the
government,
but
the
worthy⑩
search
for
knowledge.
This
was
certainly
not
the
interest
of
most
people
in
his
day.
At
that
time,
people
believed
more
in
religion?
than
in
facts
and
people
like
Galileo
Galilei
(1564—1642),
who
proved
scientific
ideas
such
as
“the
Earth
is
not
the
centre
of
the
universe”，
were
often
punished
by
the
church
with
no
one
coming
to
their
defence?.
The
church
and
many
people
tended
to?
ignore?
the
facts
and
were
unwilling?
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.
They
preferred
to
make
assumptions?
about
the
world
based
on?
the
experience
of
others.
In
fact,
when
Galilei
proved
that
the
Earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
universe,
instead
of
believing
him,
people
chose
to
believe
views
that
were
almost
2000
years
old！
①acquire/?'kwaI?/vt.
获得，得到
※句中It作形式主语，how引导的从句为真正的主语。
②to
start
with(＝to
begin
with)首先，第一
③observe/?b'z??v/v.
观察；遵守(规则，法律等)
④be
accustomed
to习惯于(to为介词)
⑤spit
sth.
out把……吐出
※Although引导让步状语从句。
⑥thinking/'θI?kI?/n.
思考，考虑
※when引导定语从句，修饰the
17th
century，that引导的从句作suggested的宾语。
⑦go
against违背(某人的希望、信念、期望等)；对(某人)不利
be
against反对
be
for赞成
⑧rank/r??k/n.
职衔
⑨bureaucratic/?bj??r?'kr?tIk/adj.
官僚的
⑩worthy/'w???i/adj.
值得的
be
worthy
?religion/rI'lId??n/n.
宗教
?defence/dI'fens/n.
保卫，保护
in
defence
of保卫……
?tend
to往往会，倾向于
?ignore/Iɡ'n??/vt.
忽视，不顾
?unwilling/?n'wIlI?/adj.
不情愿的
※这是一个复合句，第二个and连接的是并列谓语，what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。
?assumption/?'s?mp??n/n.
假定，假设
?(be)
based
on以……为基础
※when引导时间状语从句。
[第1～2段译文]
“善于提问的人学到的更多，并且记住的更多。”
——弗兰西斯·培根(1561—1626)
我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。首先，你需要提出问题。然后，为了找到答案，你观察自己周围的世界并研究事实。之后，你考虑可能的答案，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案，然而对我们来说幸运的是，当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。
然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王(1566—1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣。那时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往会忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直深信不疑的东西。他们宁愿以其他人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利莱证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，而宁愿去相信存在了将近两千年的观点！
?put
forward提出
※句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；as引导原因状语从句。
?feel
v.
觉得，感到
feel
like
doing...想做某事
?approve
of赞成，赞许
approve/?'pru?v/v.
赞成；认可；同意
[第3～4段译文]
人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。他说地球一定是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们一直认为正确的东西。
这也表明人们是多么不愿意去探索自己对事物的理解或教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某个重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，那它一定是正确的。但尽管亚里士多德是一位伟人，他激励了许多杰出的科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以“天文学之父”而闻名，但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多东西，谁也不能悠然自得地说：“我们什么都知道。”
[第5段译文]
我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，或许永远不会什么都懂，如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。因此，我们今天拥有这么多的知识和对世界的理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人。为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，相较于世界上所有的金钱，对一个人来说，它们更重要；对人类来说，更有益。
“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易被人理解，问题是要有人去发现真理。”
——伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Match
the
paragraphs
with
their
main
ideas.
Para.
1 A．People
believed
in
what
someone
important
and
respected
said.
Para.
2
B．People
try
to
solve
the
world's
problems
with
analysis.
Para.
3
&
4
C．People
thanked
the
great
men
who
studied
in
a
scientific
way.
Para.
5
D．People
believed
in
religion
in
ancient
times.
答案：Para.1
B Para.2
D Para.3
&
4
A Para.5
C
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．People
are
used
to
turning
to
the
Internet
for
help
when
they
have
questions
nowadays.( T )
2．Most
people
in
Bacon's
time
were
interested
in
the
search
for
knowledge
as
Bacon.( F )
3．People
believed
that
the
Earth
was
the
centre
of
the
universe
until
Galilei
proved
Aristotle
was
wrong.( F )
4．Galilei
proved
that
the
Earth
wasn't
the
centre
of
the
universe,
but
he
also
made
a
mistake.( T )
5．We
would
get
more
knowledge
about
the
world
since
men
never
stop
thinking
and
researching.( T )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．What
is
the
first
step
to
acquire
knowledge
and
understanding?
A．To
find
answers.
B．To
study
the
facts.
C．To
test
answers.
D．To
put
forward
questions.
答案：D
2．Who
solve
problems
by
thinking
and
analyzing
according
to
the
passage?
A．People
nowadays.
B．People
in
the
17th
century.
C．Modern
scientists
and
thinkers.
D．The
great
philosopher
Aristotle.
答案：C
3．People
in
the
17th
century
didn't
believe
Galileo
Galilei
because
________.
A．they
believed
more
in
religion
B．the
Earth
was
standing
still
C．Bacon
put
forward
the
view
that
the
Earth
must
be
the
centre
of
the
universe
D．Galilei
couldn't
prove
his
view
that
the
Earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
universe
答案：A
4．What's
the
aim
of
the
writer
when
Aristotle
and
Galilei
are
referred
to
in
the
fourth
paragraph?
A．Aristotle
was
wrong.
B．It's
unbelievable
for
great
men
to
be
wrong.
C．Galilei
was
wrong.
D．Everyone
can
be
wrong
at
times.
答案：D
5．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
sentence
“All
truths
are
easy
to
understand
once
they
are
discovered;
the
point
is
to
discover
them.”？
A．All
truths
are
easy
to
discover.
B．It's
most
important
to
discover
truths.
C．It's
more
important
to
understand
truths
than
to
discover
them.
D．If
we
want
to
discover
truths,
we
should
first
understand
them.
答案：B
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
“Who
__1__
(question)
much,
shall
learn
much,
and
remember
much，”
said
Francis
Bacon.
Now
it
seems
obvious
how
we
acquire
knowledge
and
__2__
(understand).
However,
in
the
17th
century,
people
believed
more
in
religion
than
in
facts.
As
__3__
result,
people
who
proved
__4__
(science)
ideas
were
often
punished.
Many
people
tended
__5__
(ignore)
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
believed.
Till
today,
people
still
feel
that
if
someone
important
and
__6__
(respect)
says
that
something
is
right,
then
it
must
be
so.
__7__
sometimes
great
men
such
as
Aristotle
and
Galilei
might
make
mistakes.
Therefore
our
understanding
of
the
world
around
us
is
__8__
(constant)
growing
and
changing.
In
other
__9__
(word),
we
learn
more
every
day
and
none
of
us
can
simply
say,
“We
know
it
all”．
“All
truths
are
easy
to
understand
__10__
they
are
discovered;
the
point
is
to
discover
them，”
said
Galileo
Galilei.
1．questions 2.understanding 3.a 4.scientific
5．o_ignore 6.respected 7.But 8.constantly 9.words
10．once
1
(教材P42)It
seems
obvious
now
how
we
acquire
knowledge
and
understanding.
我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。
acquire
knowledge/experience 获得知识/经验
acquire
a
good
knowledge
of
学会，精通
acquire
a
habit
of
养成……的习惯
acquire
a
taste
for
开始喜欢
[即学即用]
(1)Meanwhile,
they
exchange
ideas
and
feelings
with
each
other,
through
which
they
probably
acquire
more
knowledge.
与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的知识。
(2)He
acquired
a
taste
for
brandy
at
that
time.
他在那个时候养成了喝白兰地的嗜好。
(3)Only
when
you
have
acquired_a_good_knowledge_of
grammar
can
you
write
correctly.
只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识，你才能正确地写作。
(4)We
should
try
to
acquire_a_good_habit_of
taking
notes.
我们应该努力养成做笔记的好习惯。
(5)His
character
acquired_him_a_good_reputation.
他的品格使他得到好名声。
2
(教材P42)Bacon
held
an
important
rank
under
King
James
(1566—1625)
of
England
but
his
true
interest
was
not
the
day
to
day
bureaucratic
details
of
the
government,
but
the
worthy
search
for
knowledge.
在英国詹姆士国王(1566—1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的崇高追求。
表示“值得”的句型：
(1)be
worth＋n.＝be
worthy
of＋n.
(2)be
worth
doing＝be
worthy
(3)It's
worthwhile
doing/to
do
sth.
[即学即用]
(1)The
Chinese
community
is
well
worth
a
visit.
＝The
Chinese
community
is
well
worthy
of
a
visit.
华人社区非常值得去参观一下。
(2)The
article
is
worthy
of
careful
study.
＝The
article
is
worthy
of
being_studied
(study)
carefully.
＝The
article
is
worthy
o_be_studied
(study)
carefully.
＝The
article
is
worth
studying
(study)
carefully.
＝It's
worthwhile
studying/to_study
(study)the
article
carefully.
这篇文章值得仔细研读。
[名师点津] (1)表示“很值得做……”，要用be
well
worth
doing...；
(2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
3
(教材P42)The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.
教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直深信不疑的东西。
(1)ignorant
adj. 无知的，不知道的
be
ignorant
of/about...
对……不了解；对……无知
(2)ignorance
n.
无知；不知情
be
in
ignorance
of/about
sth.
不知道某事
[即学即用]
(1)I
said
hello
to
her,
but
she
ignored
me
completely.
我向她打招呼，她却根本不理我。
(2)The
old
man
is
ignorant
about
modern
technology.
这位老人对现代科技一无所知。
(3)The
tourist
ignored_the_warning
and
got
off
the
car
in
Badaling
Wildlife
Zoo,
causing
the
tragedy.
那位游客不听警告，在八达岭野生动物园下车，结果酿成悲剧。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
am
quite
ignorant
of/about
what
they
intend
to
do.
②His
failure
resulted
from
his
ignorance
(ignore)．
4
?教材P42?At
first，
people
approved
of
his
studies
and
urged
him
to
continue，
but
later
when
he
proved
Aristotle
wrong，
they
grew
angry
and
put
him
in
prison.
起初，人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。
●(一)approve
v.
赞成；认可；批准
(1)approve
of
(doing)
sth. 赞成(做)某事
approve
sth.
批准，通过某事
(2)approval
n.
赞成；赞许；批准
meet
with
one's
approval
得到某人的批准
win
one's
approval
赢得某人的支持
without
approval
未经许可
[即学即用]
(1)Now
people
approve
of
living
a
low－carbon
life.
现在人们赞成过低碳生活。
(2)The
committee
approved
the
plan
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
昨天在会上委员会通过了该项计划。
(3)It
made
no
difference
that
our
travelling
plan
didn't
win_parents'_approval.
我们的旅行计划没有获得父母的支持，但是不会有影响的。
(4)It
is
hoped
the
new
law
against
smoking
will_be_approved
by
the
committee.
有关禁烟的新法律有望会得到委员会的批准。
●(二)urge
v.
力劝；强烈要求
n.
迫切愿望；强烈要求
(1)urge
sb.
to
do
sth. 催促某人做某事
urge
sth.
on/upon
sb.
大力推荐；竭力主张
urge...into
doing...
催促/怂恿……做……
urge
that...
主张……；力劝……
(2)have
an
urge
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
[即学即用]
(1)The
teacher
urged
on/upon
us
the
necessity
of
practice.
老师向我们强调练习的必要性。
(2)The
vacation
is
coming
and
I
have
an
urge
to
travel.
假期快到了，我迫切想去旅行。
(3)The
management
urged
that
the
cost
of
production
(should)
be
further
reduced.
管理部门敦促进一步降低生产成本。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
urge
him
o_write
(write)
a
novel
about
the
life
that
we
live
together
in
the
country.
②I
urged
that
we
(should)_take
(take)
immediate
measures
to
prevent
such
thing
happening
again.
③He
urged
on/upon
his
pupils
the
importance
of
hard
work.
④He
has
an
urge
to
become
a
film
star.
[联想归纳] urge后跟that从句时，从句中使用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略。
5
inspire
v.
鼓舞，鼓励；使产生?感觉或情感?；赋予灵感，激发想法；启发；启示
(教材P43)But
even
though
Aristotle
was
a
great
man
who
inspired
many
great
scientists
and
philosophers
after
him,
he
was
wrong
at
times.
尽管亚里士多德是一位伟人，他激励了许多杰出的科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会出错。
(1)inspire
sb.
with
sth.(＝inspire
sth.
in
sb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)
inspire
sb.
to
do
sth. 鼓舞某人去做某事
(2)inspired
adj.
受到鼓舞的
inspiring
adj.
鼓舞人心的
(3)inspiration
n.
激励；灵感
[即学即用]
(1)We
need
a
new
captain—someone
who
can
inspire
the
team.
我们需要一位能够鼓舞士气的新队长。
(2)His
encouraging
remarks
inspired
me
with
confidence.
他令人鼓舞的话语唤起了我的自信。
(3)Many
artists
get
their
inspiration
from
nature.
许多艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
hope
this
success
will
inspire
you
o_make
(make)
greater
efforts.
②The
good
news
inspired
us
with
pride
and
courage.
＝The
good
news
inspired
pride
and
courage
in
us.
③The
short
novel
has
brought
me
a
creative
inspiration
(inspire)．
④Zang
Kejia
wrote
some
very
inspiring
(inspire)
poems.
6
?教材P43?These
men
knew
that
knowledge
and
understanding
are
things
to
fight
for；
more
vital
to
a
man，
and
more
beneficial
to
mankind，
some
might
say，
than
all
the
money
in
the
world.
这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情；有人会说，相较于世界上所有的金钱，对一个人来说，它更重要，对人类来说，它更有益。
●(一)vital
adj.
极其重要的
be
vital
to/for 对……极为重要
It's
vital
to
do
sth.
做某事极其重要
It's
vital
that...(should)
do...
……至关重要
注意：vital可用作定语和表语。用作表语时，后面可接介词for或to引导的短语，表示“对……极其重要”。
[即学即用]
(1)Consideration
for
other
people
is
vital
for
all
of
us.
对我们所有人来说，体谅他人至关重要。
(2)单句语法填空
①What's
worse,
some
drivers,
cyclists
and
pedestrians
don't
think
it
is
vital
o_obey
(obey)
traffic
rules.
②It
is
vital
that
everyone
(should)_receive
(receive)
good
education.
●(二)beneficial
adj.
有益的，有利的，有帮助的
(1)be
beneficial
to... 对……有益
(2)benefit
v.
有益于，得益于；
n.
益处，好处
benefit
from/by...
从……中受益
for
the
benefit
of
sb.(＝for
sb.'s
benefit)
为了某人的利益；为帮助某人
be
of
benefit
to...
对……有益
[即学即用]
(1)Sunshine
and
fresh
air
are
beneficial
to
your
recovery
from
illness.
阳光和新鲜空气对你病情的恢复有益。
(2)When
people
offer
you
words
of
praise,
it
may
not
always
be
for
your
benefit.
当人们称赞你的时候，可能并不总是对你有利。
(3)Both
sides
have
benefited
from
the
talks.
双方都已经从会谈中受益。
(4)单句语法填空
①Using
computers
has
a
beneficial
(benefit)
effect
on
children's
learning.
②You
will
benefit
from
hard
work
and
poor
conditions.
③The
organization
was
founded
for
the
benefit
of
the
disabled.
7
(教材P43)Why
did
Aristotle
assume
that
the
sun
moved
around
the
Earth?
为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
(1)assume...to
be... 认为……是……
assume
(that)．..
认为……
It
is
(generally)
assumed
that...人们(普遍)认为……
(2)assumption
n.
假定，假设
make
an
assumption
认为，假定
on
the
assumption
that...
假定……，假设……
(3)assuming
(that)．..
假定……
[即学即用]
(1)We
cannot
assume
anything
in
this
case.
在这种情形下我们无法做任何揣测。
(2)It
is
generally
assumed
that
stress
is
caused
by
too
much
work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
(3)The
project
was
predicated
on
the
assumption
that
the
economy
was
expanding.
这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。
(4)It
is
reasonable
to
assume
(that)
the
house
prices
will
continue
to
go
up.
认为房价会继续上涨是有道理的。
(5)单句语法填空
①They
bought
the
second－hand
house
on
the
assumption
(assume)
that
the
former
owner
would
paint
it.
②We
must
assume
him
o_be
(be)
innocent
until
he
is
proved
guilty.
③Assuming
(assume)
that
you
are
right,
what
should
we
do
next?
[联想归纳] 在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：
①considering
prep.
&
conj. 鉴于，考虑到
②given
prep.
鉴于，考虑到
③including
prep.
包括，包含
④supposing
conj.
假设，假如
⑤provided/providing
conj.
假如，如果
⑥concerning
prep.
关于
1
(教材P42)Although
today
we
are
more
accustomed
to
typing
a
few
key
words
into
a
search
engine
and
waiting
for
the
Internet
to
spit
the
answer
out
for
us,
modern
scientists
and
thinkers
are
still
solving
the
world's
problems
with
this
type
of
analysis—luckily
for
us.
虽然我们现在更习惯在搜索引擎里输入几个关键词，然后等待互联网吐出答案，然而幸运的是，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界上的问题。
(1)get/become/grow
accustomed
to(doing)sth.
＝be/get/become
used
to
(doing)
sth.习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom
vt. 使习惯于
accustom
sb./oneself
to
(doing)
sth.使某人/自己习惯于做某事
[即学即用]
(1)This
is
not
the
kind
of
treatment
I
am
accustomed
to.
这不是我习惯的那种待遇。
(2)She
was
a
person
accustomed
to
having
eight
hours'
sleep
a
night.
她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。
(3)He
had
to
accustom
himself
to
the
cold
weather.
他不得不使自己习惯于寒冷的天气。
(4)单句语法填空
①Her
eyes
quickly
became
accustomed
(accustom)
to
the
dark.
②Some
people
are
really
not
used
to
using
(use)
credit
cards.
③She
found
it
necessary
to
accustom
her
child
to
getting
(get)
up
early.
[联想归纳] 请识记含有介词to的常见短语：
①stick
to
坚持
②look
forward
to
盼望
③devote
oneself
to
致力于
④get
down
to
着手
⑤lead
to
导致；通往
⑥object
to
反对
⑦pay
attention
to
注意
2
(教材P42)The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.
教会和许多人往往会忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直深信不疑的东西。
(1)tend
vt.
照管；护理(＝take
care
of/look
after)
tend
to
do
sth. 有做某事的倾向；有做
某事的趋势
tend
to/towards
sth.
趋向；走向；趋于……
(2)tendency
n.
趋势；倾向
have
a
tendency
to
do/for
sth.
有(做)某事的趋势
[即学即用]
(1)When
in
a
group,
I
tend
to
act
as
the
spokesman
of
that
group.
在小组讨论时我常常表现得像那个组的发言人。
(2)For
years
he
tended
her
in
her
painful
illness.
多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。
(3)There
is
a
growing
tendency
for
people
to
work
at
home
instead
of
in
offices.
人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
tend
o_sacrifice
(sacrifice)
my
own
interest
for
the
group
benefit.
②She
spends
her
spare
time
ending
(tend)
(to)
her
old
mother.
③Roughly
speaking,
the
endency
(tend)
of
the
market
is
still
uncertain.
3
(教材P42)It
is
not
surprising
that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle(384—322
BC)．
人们愿意相信这些古老的见解并不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。
put
away 储存，收起来放好
put
down
写下；镇压
put
off
推迟
put
on
穿上；上演，装出(某种样子)；增加(体重)
put
out
扑灭，熄灭
put
up
挂起，举起；贴；给……提供住宿
put
up
with
忍受
[即学即用]
(1)Can
I
put
you/your
name
forward
for
golf
club
secretary?
我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？
(2)They
put
up
a
board
where
they
could
put
up
notices.
他们挂起了一块木板，在上面可以张贴通知。
(3)Mother
opened
the
drawer
to
put_away
cookers.
妈妈打开抽屉将餐具收进去放好。
(4)Never
put_off
till
tomorrow
what
may
be
done
today.
今日事，今日毕。
(5)I
don't
know
how
you
put_up_with
their
constant
quarreling.
我不知道你是怎么忍受他们无休止的争吵的。
1
?教材P42?
It
is
not
surprising
that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle?384—322
BC?.
人们愿意相信这些古老的见解并不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德?公元前384—公元前322?提出来的。
It
is
not
surprising
that...表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
(1)“It's＋adj.＋that...”常用来表示“……令人感到……”。
用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary,
strange,
clear,
possible,
natural,
important,
likely,
obvious等。
(2)it作形式主语的句型还有：
·It＋be＋过去分词(said,
reported等)＋that...
·It＋不及物动词(seem,
appear等)＋that...
·It＋be＋名词短语(a
pity,
no
wonder等)＋that...
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
not
surprising
that
your
cousin
hasn't
passed
the
exam.
你堂兄没通过这次考试不足为奇。
(2)It
is
reported
that
the
fall
of
the
landslide
has
caused
two
hundred
deaths.
据报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。
(3)It_is_strange_that
nobody
knows
where
he
has
gone.
很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿了。
(4)It_is_amazing_that
the
boy
is
able
to
solve
the
problem
so
quickly.
这个男孩能迅速解决这个问题，真令人吃惊。
(5)It_is_a_pity_that
you
didn't
attend
my
birthday
party
last
night.
很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。
2(教材P42)At
that
time,
people
believed
more
in
religion
than
in
facts
and
people
like
Galileo
Galilei
(1564—1642),
who
proved
scientific
ideas
such
as
“the
Earth
is
not
the
centre
of
the
universe”，
were
often
punished
by
the
church
with
no
one
coming
to
their
defence.
那时，人们更多地相信宗教，而不是事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明了诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚，而没有人站出来为他们辩护。
(1)这是一个由and连接的较为复杂的并列复合句。
(2)第二个分句中，主语是people，谓语是were
often
punished；介词短语like
Galileo
Galilei作people的后置定语，who
proved
scientific
ideas是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Galileo
Galilei；with
no
one
coming
to
their
defence是with的复合结构在句中作状语。
在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是分词、介词短语、副词、形容词和不定式。由with＋复合宾语构成的复合结构，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。
[即学即用]
(1)With
his
key
lost,
he
couldn't
get
into
the
office.
由于钥匙丢了，他进不了办公室。
(2)I
had
to
go
to
bed
with
nothing
to
do.
我没有事可做，只好睡觉。
(3)He
likes
to
sleep
with
lights
on.
他喜欢开着灯睡觉。
(4)With
the
door
open,
the
noise
of
the
machines
can
be
heard
clearly.
门开着，能清晰地听到机器的声音。
(5)单句语法填空
①With
no
one
o_talk
(talk)
to,
John
felt
miserable.
②With
a
lot
of
work
o_do
(do),
he
wasn't
allowed
to
go
out.
③With
prices
going
(go)
up
so
fast,
we
can't
afford
luxuries.
④I
sat
in
my
room
for
a
few
minutes
with
my
eyes
fixed
(fix)
on
the
ceiling.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
is
believed
that
proper
morning
exercises
are
vital
o/for
our
health.
2．No
one
was
willing
to
stand
up
in
defence/defense
(defend)
of
the
boy.
3．It
is
obvious
to
the
students
hat
they
should
get
well
prepared
for
their
future.
4．My
suggestion
didn't
meet
with
my
boss'
approval
(approve)．
5．I
was
unwilling
(will)
to
accept
the
job,
but
it
seemed
that
I
had
no
choice.
6．Accustomed
to
getting
(get)
up
late,
I
was
late
for
work
again.
7．You
are
making
an
assumption
(assume),
which
might
not
be
true.
8．The
speaker
is
giving
an
inspiring
(inspire)
speech
at
present.
9．Learning
is
not
always
easy,
but
it
is
always
beneficial
(benefit)
in
the
long
term.
10．We
tend
o_feel
(feel)
happy
once
our
basic
needs
are
met
and
we
have
more
than
the
people
surrounding
us.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I
approve_of_your_trying
to
earn
some
money,
but
please
don't
neglect
your
studies.
我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要忽视了功课。
2．Within
the
short
time,
he
didn't
get_accustomed_to
the
climate
here.
在短时间内，他没有习惯这里的气候。
3.
With_all_the_work_done,_we
went
to
the
nearby
neighbourhood
and
gave
them
to
the
people
living
there.
做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。
4．He
wanted
to
know
what_the_manager_had_said
at
the
meeting.
他想知道经理在会上说了什么。
5.
It_is_obvious_that_you've_made_a_serious_mistake.
Please
be
careful
next
time!
很明显你犯了一个严重的错误。下次要细心点！
6．We
should
try
to
acquire_a_habit_of_taking_exercise
regularly.
我们应努力养成定期锻炼身体的习惯。
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅲ Grammar
单元语法项目(一)——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
[语法图解]
[观察]
①If
I
were
you,
I
would
follow
his
advice.
②If
I'd
wanted
to
see
them,
I
would
have
had
to
visit
them
in
person.
③If
I
had
time
tomorrow,
I
would
attend
the
concert.
④If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
sports
meeting
would
be
put
off.
⑤If
I
should
do
the
experiment,
I
would
do
it
some
other
way.
⑥Had
you
informed
me
earlier,
I
wouldn't
have
signed
the
contract.
⑦But
for
the
rain(＝If
it
hadn't
rained),
we
should
have
arrived
yesterday.
⑧I'm
really
busy,
otherwise
I
would
certainly
go
with
you.(otherwise＝if
I
were
not
so
busy)
⑨If
he
were
alive
now,
he
might
have
grown
into
a
handsome
young
man.
[发现]
(1)句①表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；句②表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；③、④、⑤句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
(2)句⑥中if省略，从句要倒装。
(3)虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，be动词一般用were。
(4)⑦、⑧句是含蓄
虚拟条件句；句⑨是错综时间虚拟条件句，从句说明的是现在的情况，主句说明的是过去的情况。
在英语中，语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
1．条件从句有两类：
①真实条件句。如果假设的情况有可能发生，就是“真实条件句”。
If
time
permits,
we'll
go
fishing
together.
如果时间允许的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
②虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为“虚拟条件句”。
If
it
had
rained
yesterday,
we
would
have
stayed
at
home.
如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会待在家里。
2．虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法：
If
I
had
time
now,
I
would
go
with
you.
如果现在有空的话，我就和你去了。(事实是“我没有时间”)
If
I
were
you,
I
could
take
his
advice.
如果我是你，我可能就接受他的建议了。(事实是“我不是你”)
If
he
came
tomorrow,
I
would
do
it
with
him.
假如明天他来的话，我就跟他一起做这件事。(事实是“明天他很可能不来”)
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
sports
meet
would
be
put
off.
如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。(事实是“明天很可能不下雨”)
If
it
should
snow
tomorrow,
we
would
take
photos.
如果明天下雪，我们就照相。(事实是“明天很可能不下雪”)
If
we
had
known
that
she
was
to
arrive
yesterday,
we
could
have
met
her
at
the
station.
如果我们知道她昨天到，我们就会去车站接她了。(事实是“昨天不知道”)
3．be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式
在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语中，单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(if
I
were
you,
as
it
were等)中，be只能用were。
We
could
ask
him
if
he
were/was
here.
他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。
The
sky
is
covered,
as
it
were，with
a
black
curtain.
天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。
4．虚拟条件句的倒装
如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。
If
I
had
had
any
money
with
me,
I
could
have
lent
you
some.
→Had
I
had
any
money
with
me,
I
could
have
lent
you
some.
要是我当时有钱的话，我会借给你一些。
[即学即用1]
单句语法填空
(1)If
they
had_arrived
(arrive)
at
the
cinema
half
an
hour
earlier,
they
would
have
seen
the
actor
starred
in
the
film.
(2)
Had
the
parents
been
more
careful,
the
child
wouldn't
have
been
lost.
(3)If
I
should_see/were_to_see/saw
(see)
him
tomorrow,
I
would
invite
him
home.
(4)If
I
had
(have)
enough
money,
I
would
first
of
all
buy
myself
a
DELL
computer.
4．错综时间虚拟句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。例如：
If
you
had
taken
the
doctor's
advice,
you
would
be
better
now.
如果你听从了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。
If
you
had
studied
hard
before,
you
would
be
a
college
student
now.
如果你以前努力学习，你现在就是一名大学生了。
5．含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过with,
without,
but
for,
otherwise,
or等词或短语来表示。例如：
What
could
you
do
with
a
million
dollars？(＝If
you
had
a
million
dollars)
你会用一百万美元来干什么？
We
couldn't
have
finished
the
work
in
time
without
your
help.(＝If
we
hadn't
got
your
help)
没有你的帮助我们不可能及时完成这项工作。
I
was
so
busy
then.
Otherwise,
I
would
have
told
him
the
answer.(＝If
I
had
not
been
so
busy
then)
那时我太忙了。否则我会告诉他答案的。
He
telephoned
to
inform
me
of
your
birthday,
or
I
could
have
known
nothing
about
it.(＝If
he
had
not
telephoned
to
inform...)
他打电话告知我你的生日，否则我会对此一无所知。
[即学即用2]
完成句子
(1)If
he
had_joined_the_army
thirty
years
ago,
he
would_be
a
general
now.
如果30年前他参了军，他现在就是将军了。
(2)Given
more
time,
he
could_have_done
it
better.
再多给点时间他可能会做得更好。
(3)Without
your
help,
we
couldn't_have_finished
our
work
on
time.
没有你的帮助，我们不可能按时完成我们的工作的。
(4)He
told
me
about
your
coming,
or
I
would_have_known
nothing
about
it.
他告诉我你来了，否则我根本一无所知。
单元语法项目(二)——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
[语法图解]
[观察]
①It
is
necessary
that
we
(should)
master
a
foreign
language
to
find
a
good
job.
②We
suggested
that
she
(should)
see
a
doctor.
③His
proposal
is
that
we
(should)
get
rid
of
bad
habits.
④He
gave
orders
that
the
guests
(should)
be
hospitably
entertained.
⑤It
is
high
time
that
you
went/should
go
to
school.
⑥He
talks
as
if
he
knew
all
about
it.
⑦I
wish
I
were
as
tall
as
Yao
Ming.
⑧I
can't
help
you
now.
You
should
have
told
me
the
news
earlier.
[发现]
(1)例句①②③④中，从句的谓语动词用
(should＋)动词原形表示虚拟语气。
(2)例句⑤中，定语从句的谓语动词用
过去式
或
should＋动词原形表示虚拟语气。
(3)例句⑥中用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。
(4)例句⑦中，wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。
(5)例句⑧中用should
have
done表示虚拟语气，意为“本该做某事而实际上未做”。
一、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词归纳为：
“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,
command)、三个建议(advise,
suggest,
propose)、四个要求(demand,
require,
request,
ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should通常可以省略。
The
examination
instructor
asked
that
the
students
(should)
not
use
a
calculator.
考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
He
demands
that
he
(should)be
told
everything.
他要求将一切都告诉他。
注意：suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
Her
pale
face
suggested
that
she
was
ill,
so
we
suggested
that
she
be
sent
to
hospital
at
once.
她苍白的脸色表明她生病了。所以，我们建议立即送她去医院。
He
insisted
that
he
had
done
nothing
wrong
and
that
he
be
set
free
at
once.
他坚持说他什么都没做错，并坚决要求立即被释放。
2．wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
动词wish后的宾语从句一般表示不可能实现的愿望，需用虚拟语气，谓语动词有以下三种形式：
I
wish
I
knew
everything
in
the
world.
我希望我知道世界上的一切事情。
I
didn't
go
to
the
party,
but
I
do
wish
I
had
been
there.
我没有去参加派对，但是我真的希望我去参加过。
I
wish
that
someday
I
could
live
on
the
moon.
我希望有一天我能在月球上居住。
注意：(1)wish后的宾语从句表示非真实愿望，所以谓语动词总是用虚拟语气。
(2)hope后的宾语从句表示真实愿望，用陈述语气。
3．would
rather后接虚拟语气的用法。
在would
rather后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”“但愿”。其形式为：
(1)“would
rather＋从句主语＋动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。
(2)“would
rather＋从句主语＋had
done”表示过去的情况。
I
would
rather
you
hadn't
let
out
the
secret.
我真希望你没把这个秘密泄露出去。
I
would
rather
he
didn't
stay
here
too
long.
我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。
[即学即用1]
单句语法填空
(1)I
wish
I
were
(be)
a
superman
like
the
spider
man.
(2)I
didn't
learn
to
play
any
instrument
when
I
was
at
school.
I
wish
I
had_learned
(learn)
to
play
the
guitar.
(3)She
hoped
you
would_attend
(attend)
her
wedding,
but
you
didn't.
(4)Dad
suggested
that
I
(should)_have
(have)
a
talk
with
her.
(5)I
would
rather
you
stayed
(stay)
at
home
tonight.
二、主语从句中的虚拟语气
当主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等时应用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should)
do”结构。常用句型为“It's
strange/necessary/important/a
pity/suggested/vital/desired/proposed/essential/natural/...that...”。
It
is
strange
that
such
a
person
(should)
be
our
friend.
很奇怪这样一个人竟然是我们的朋友。
It's
suggested
that
the
old
man
(should)
be
sent
to
hospital
immediately.
有人建议说老人应该马上被送去医院。
三、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”结构。
My
idea
is
that
we
(should)
think
it
over
before
accepting
the
plan.
我的意见是我们接受这个计划之前应三思。
We
all
agreed
to
his
suggestion
that
we
(should)
go
to
Dalian
for
sight－seeing.
我们都同意他的建议，应去大连旅游。
四、状语从句中的虚拟语气
1．目的状语从句在for
fear
that,
in
case,
lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为“should＋动词原形”，并且should不能省略。
Let's
hide
the
chocolate
for
fear
that
Jim
should
eat
too
much.
我们把巧克力藏起来吧，免得吉姆吃得太多。
2．as
if/though从句。
在as
if/as
though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与现在事实相反则用一般过去时；与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
He
talks
as
if
he
knew
all
about
it.
他说起话来好像什么都知道似的。
She
always
talks
to
me
as
if
she
were
my
sister.
她总是以我姐姐的口气跟我说话。
I
felt
as
though
we
had
known
each
other
for
years.
我感觉我们好像认识多年了。
注意：as
if/as
though引导的从句如果与事实相符，则应用陈述语气。
He
looks
as
if
he
is
ill.
他看起来似乎生病了。
[即学即用2]
完成句子
(1)It
is
strange
that
he
should_not_come.
很奇怪，他竟没有来。
(2)His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)_do_our_work
more
carefully.
他的建议就是我们做工作要更细心些。
(3)It
is
my
desire
that
all
the
members
of
the
family
(should)_gather
once
a
year.
我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
五、虚拟语气在其他固定句式中的使用
1．It's
(high)
time
that...后面的从句谓语动词用过去式或“should
do”结构(此时should不可省略)。
It's
high
time
that
you
rang
him
up.
＝It's
high
time
that
you
should
ring
him
up.
你该给他打电话了。
2．在if
only引导的感叹句中，其虚拟语气的用法与wish后的用法相同。
If
only
I
had
come
two
days
earlier!
我要是早来两天就好了！
If
only
he
were
here!
要是他在这里就好了！
六、should(not)have
done表示虚拟语气
“should＋have＋done”表示过去应该做的事情却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口气，常译作“本应当……，应当……就好了”。“shouldn't＋have＋done”表示过去不该做的事却做了，也常含有责备、不满的意思，常译为“本不应该……”。
You
should
have
told
me
earlier
that
you
weren't
able
to
come.
你本应该早点儿告诉我你不能来的。
Tom
shouldn't
have
told
me
your
secret,
but
he
meant
no
harm.
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我，但他并无恶意。
[即学即用3]
完成句子
(1)It's
high
time
that
we_were
off.
我们该走了。
(2)If
only
you
hadn't_met_him
!
要是你没遇见他就好了！
(3)If
only
I
would_be_admitted
into
Beijing
University
next
year!
我要是明年被北京大学录取就好了！
(4)As
a
secretary,
you
shouldn't_have_lost
the
documents.
作为秘书，你本不应该把这些文件弄丢的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My
recommendation
is
that
you
(should)_take
(take)
over
his
position.
2．Look
at
the
trouble
I
am
in!
If
only
I
had_followed
(follow)
your
advice.
3．The
headteacher
demanded
that
we
(should)_clean
(clean)
the
blackboard
before
every
class.
4．She
would
call
you
immediately
if
she
needed
(need)
help.
5．If
I
had
seen
the
movie,
I
would_tell
(tell)
you
all
about
it
now.
6．Lily
would
rather
I
had_met
(meet)
her
at
the
airport
yesterday,
but
I
was
then
busy
with
a
meeting.
7．I
would
strongly
recommend
that
he
(should)_set
(set)
more
practical
and
specific
goals.
8．I
suggest
you
(should)_keep
(keep)
the
balance
between
your
study
and
entertainment.
9．—I
wish
I
had_attended
(attend)
the
meeting.
—But
you
didn't.
10．My
sister
is
very
upset
today.
I
shouldn't
have_told
(tell)
the
bad
news
to
her
yesterday.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I'd
rather
that
they
hadn't_heard
of
the
news.
我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。
2．If
the
chief
editor
hadn't_arrived
on
time,
the
press
conference
wouldn't/couldn't_have_been
a
success.
如果主编没能准时到达，那么这次记者会是不会取得成功的。
3．If
you
had_worked_harder
in
middle
school,
you
would_have
more
opportunities
now.
如果你中学时多用点功，那么你现在的机会会更多。
4．He
walked
slowly
as_though_he_had_hurt
his
leg.
他走得很慢好像腿受伤了。
5．You've
made
a
few
mistakes.
You
should_have_been
a
bit
more
careful.
你犯了几个错误，你本应该再细心点儿的。
6．I
wish
it
were_spring_in_my_hometown
all
the
year
round.
但愿我的家乡四季如春。
7．It's
time
(that)
we
had/should_have_a_meeting
to
talk
about
the
problem.
该开个会讨论一下这个问题了。
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅱ Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．motto
n.
格言；座右铭
2．spit
vi.
吐口水；吐痰
3．obey
vt.
服从，听从
4．outstanding
adj.
杰出的，优秀的
5．spy
n.
间谍；特务
6．pour
vt.
倒，灌
7．drag
vt.
拖，拉
8．drill
n.
练习，训练
9．reputation
n.
名誉，名声
10．mild
adj.
温和的
11．conservative
adj.
保守的，旧式的→conservatively
adv.
保守地，守旧地→conserve
vt.
保护，保存
12．alternative
adj.
可选择的；非传统的；另类的→alter
v.
(使)改变，更改
13．punishment
n.
惩罚，处罚→punish
vt.
处罚，惩罚
14．reflect
vt.
反映；反射→reflection
n.
映象，反射
15．select
vt.
挑选→selection
n.
选择，挑选
16．lack
vt.
缺乏，没有→lacking
adj.
不足的，缺乏的
17．access
n.
(使用或见到的)机会，权利→accessible
adj.
易接近的，可到达的
18．worthwhile
adj.
值得努力的→worthless
adj.
无价值的，不值钱的
19．misunderstand
vt.
误解→understand
vt.
理解
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．o_a_certain_extent在某种程度上
2．put_off延期；推迟
3．be_proud_of为……感到骄傲
4．be_related_to与……有关
5．hand_out分发
6．contribute_to捐献；有助于
7．set
up
创立，建立
8．take
up
开始从事
9．set
off
引发；使爆炸
10．add
up
to
共计
11．be
eager
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
12．have
access
to
可以获得(接近)
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语；so
that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
Some
schools
teach
how_to_pass_tests_so_that
the
students
can
go
to
university.
有些学校教授通过考试的方法以便学生能进入大学。
2．be
up“从事，忙于”，该句型常用于口语中。
What's_up?
怎么了？
3．What
will
become
of...用于询问某人/物将来有可能发生什么情况，有何结果，此句型常用于口语。
...I
hate
to
think
what_will_become_of
my
reputation
as
an
excellent
accountant!
……我不愿去想作为一名出色的会计，我的名声会怎样！
4．catch
sb.
doing
sth.“抓住某人正在做某事”。
Once
I
caught_him_and_a_friend_seeing
who
could
spit
the
furthest
off
the
school
stage!
有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！
5．should
have
done表示“本应该做某事，而实际未做”。
He
was
very
bright
and
should_have_done
much
better
in
all
his
other
subjects.
格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。
课文预读
My
Teacher
Graham
Lawrence,
29,
science
author
who
gives
presentations①
on
TV,
went
to
Overton
School,
1981－1989.
I
haven't
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school
but
I
often
think
about
him.
I
wasn't
very
good
at②
most
school
subjects.
I
suppose③
I
was
a
bit
lazy
and
now
I
wish
I'd
done
more
work,
especially
in
maths.
The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles④
of
a
triangle⑤
add
up
to⑥
180
degrees!
But
when
I
was
15
and
went
into
Mr
Jenkins'
class,
I
really
became
interested
in⑦
a
subject
for
the
first
time.
Before
Mr
Jenkins,
science
had
simply
been
a
subject
full
of⑧
strange
words
to
me.
I
had
no
idea⑨
what
an
atom⑩
was
and
I
didn't
really
want
to
know
either!
I
found
it
all
so
boring
and
difficult.
But
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
interesting.
He
used
to
explain
things
with
lots
of
practical
examples
and
simplified?
things
that
seemed
difficult.
One
day,
he
took
us
outside
and
we
built
a
rocket!
I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour?
some
powder?
into
the
rocket
and
then
another
student
lit
a
flame?
to
set
it
off?.
It
was
great
fun?.
I
know
that
I
wasn't
a
willing?
student
and
I
shouldn't
have
been
so
difficult
at
school,
but
it
was
probably?
because
I
lacked?
confidence
in
myself.
Mr
Jenkins
made
me
feel
that
I
could
do
things.
I
was
interested
in
astronomy
and
he
asked
me
to
give
a
presentation
to
the
class.
That
was
really
the
first
time?
I
ever
tried
to
explain
science
to
an
audience
and
now
it's
my
job!
Often
when
I'm
preparing
a
programme,
I
think
about
how
Mr
Jenkins
would
have
done
it.
Sometimes
I
wish
I
could
phone
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion！
①presentation/?prezn'teI?n/n.
报告，讲座
※画线部分是Graham
Lawrence的同位语。who引导定语从句。
※since引导时间状语从句。
②be
good
at擅长
③suppose/s?'p??z/v.
认为，料想；假定，假设
※wish后的从句使用了虚拟语气。
④angle/'??ɡ?l/n.
角
angel
n.
天使
⑤triangle/'traI??ɡ?l/n.
三角形
⑥add
up
to总共是，总计为
※本句为复合句。其中I
can
remember
from
school
maths是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词The
only
thing；句中的that引导的是表语从句。
⑦become
interested
in...变得对……感兴趣
be
interested
in对……感兴趣
be
interested
to
do
sth.对做某事感兴趣
have/take/show
an
interest
in对……感兴趣
lose
interest
in对……失去兴趣
⑧(be)full
of充满……
⑨have
no
idea不知道
⑩atom/'?t?m/n.
原子
※what引导的同位语从句作idea的同位语。
?simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.
使简化，使简易
simply/'sImpli/adv.
简单地；仅仅，只，不过
simple/'sImpl/adj.
简单的；简朴的
※that引导的定语从句修饰先行词things。
?pour/p??/vt.
倒，灌
?powder/'pa?d?/n.
火药
?flame/fleIm/n.
火焰，火舌
?set
off使爆炸；引发
※that引导的宾语从句是由and连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中动词不定式短语to
set
it
off作目的状语。
?fun
n.
享乐，乐趣，快乐
fun是不可数名词，不与不定冠词连用，词尾也不加－s。
?willing
adj.
积极肯干的，自愿的
be
willing
to
do愿意做……
?probably/'pr?b?bli/adv.
几乎肯定，很可能，大概
probable
adj.
很可能发生的
probability
n.
可能性；很可能发生的事
?lack/l?k/vt.
缺乏，没有
lack
confidence
in对……缺乏信心
※because引导表语从句。
?the
first
time第一次
explain
sth.
to
sb.向某人解释某物/某事
※
when引导时间状语从句。
※
我的老师
[第1～4段译文]
格雷厄姆·劳伦斯，29岁，在电视上做讲解的科学作家，于1981年至1989年间在奥弗顿中学读书。
自从我离开学校后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。我上学时大多数科目都学得不太好，我想我当时有点儿懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。我对学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的角度总和是180度！但是当我15岁走进詹金斯先生的课堂时，我平生第一次真正地对一门课产生了兴趣。
在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我而言只是一门充满怪异词汇的科目。我不知道原子是什么，而且也真的不想知道！我觉得科学很乏味无聊，又深奥难懂。但是詹金斯先生使一切变得妙趣横生。他总是通过许多实实在在的例子来讲解知识，使看起来难懂的事物简单化。有一天，他带我们到户外，我们自己制作了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。真是有趣极了。
我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。詹金斯先生让我感觉到我能做事情。我对天文感兴趣，于是他让我给全班做演讲。那真的是我第一次努力给听众讲解科学知识，而现在这成了我的工作！现在每当我准备节目时，我经常会想詹金斯先生会怎样做。有时我真希望我能给他打个电话问问他的意见！
我的学生
[第5～8段译文]
布赖恩·詹金斯，奥弗顿中学的科学老师。
格雷厄姆来到我的班以前是个“问题”学生。我对他的恶劣行径早有耳闻。有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！但是当他产生兴趣后，他变了。他第一天走进我课堂时，身后拖着书包，表情厌倦。但是当我用酸和洋葱做实验以表现人的胃是如何工作的时候，他变得全神贯注。他热爱科学！格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。我读过几本他写的书，也在电视上见过他。我总是对我妻子说：“看哪，我曾经教过他！”
我希望我教其他所有学生也能像教格雷厄姆这样成功。如今教书不那么容易了，有许多问题，而且经费紧张。政府本该给科学教育多拨些款。我还希望他们能减少班级的人数——在实验室上课时，小组人数过多不太好操作，而且比较穷的学校里情况一定更差！至少在像我们这样的学校里，我们有实验室！
我的妻子常常希望我选择一份压力小点儿的工作，但是我热爱我所做的一切。作为一名老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Skim
the
text
and
finish
the
following
questions.
1．What
kind
of
pupil
was
Graham?
He
was
a
bit
lazy,_rebellious
(叛逆的),
not
cooperative,_lacked
confidence,_and
was
not
good
at
most_school_subjects.
2．What
kind
of
teacher
was
Mr
Jenkins?
He
could
make
everything
interesting
and
could
make
Graham
feel
he
could
do_things.
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．Mr
Jenkins
had
known
nothing
about
Graham
before
the
first
class.( F )
2．The
experiment
by
Mr
Jenkins
aroused
Graham's
interest
in
science.( T )
3．Mr
Jenkins
was
successful
with
all
his
students
and
he
loved
his
job.( F )
4．The
government
followed
Mr
Jenkins'
advice
and
agreed
to
decrease
the
size
of
classes.( F )
5．Now
and
then,
Graham
who
is
a
science
author,
telephones
his
teacher
Mr
Jenkins
for
advice.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．Which
subject
of
Graham
Lawrence's
is
the
worst?
A．Science.
B．Astronomy.
C．Maths.
D．Geography.
答案：C
2．What
made
Graham
Lawrence
miss
his
teacher
Mr
Jenkins
so
much?
A．His
humor.
B．His
interesting
classes.
C．His
encouragement
to
Graham
Lawrence.
D．Both
B
and
C.
答案：D
3．Why
is
teaching
difficult
nowadays
according
to
Brian
Jenkins?
A．The
school
is
very
large.
B．The
class
size
is
too
large.
C．There
are
problems
and
not
enough
money.
D．The
government
lacks
money.
答案：C
4．Graham
began
to
like
science
because
________.
A．Mr
Jenkins
told
him
science
is
very
important
B．Mr
Jenkins
made
the
class
lively
C．Mr
Jenkins
took
him
outside
and
built
a
rocket
D．he
had
to
pass
the
science
exam
答案：B
5．What
can
we
learn
from
the
article?
A．Mr
Jenkins'
teaching
method
was
so
traditional
that
many
students
were
very
upset.
B．Mr
Jenkins
loved
teaching
very
much
but
he
would
give
it
up
soon.
C．Graham
was
diligent
and
hard－working.
D．Graham
was
a
difficult
student
before
he
met
Mr
Jenkins.
答案：D
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Graham
Lawrence
is
very
thankful
to
his
former
__1__
(scientist)
teacher,
Mr
Jenkins.
As
a
student,
Graham
was
lazy,
__2__
in
Mr
Jenkins'
eyes
he
was
very
clever.
Mr
Jenkins
thought
he
should
have
done
much
__3__
(well)
than
before
after
the
first
lesson
where
Mr
Jenkins'
experiment
made
Graham
__4__
(interest)
in
science.
With
the
help
of
Mr
Jenkins,
Graham
succeeded
and
now
works
as
a
TV
presenter.
Mr
Jenkins
takes
__5__
(proud)
in
him
when
he
sees
Graham
on
TV.
In
Mr
Jenkins'
opinion,
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
__6__
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.
In
fact,
as
a
student,
Graham
wasn't
a
__7__
(will)
student
because
he
__8__
(lack)
confidence
in
himself.
It
was
Mr
Jenkins
__9__
made
everything
interesting
and
gave
him
the
chance
to
be
successful.
Now
when
he's
__10__
(prepare)
for
a
programme,
he
often
thinks
about
how
Mr
Jenkins
would
have
done
it.
1．science 2.but 3.better 4.interested 5.pride 6.o
7．willing 8.lacked 9.hat/who 10.preparing
1
alternative
adj.
非传统的；可供选择的
n.
可供选择的事物
(教材P38)What
does
“alternative
education”
mean?
“非传统教育”指的是什么？
(1)have
no
alternative/choice
but
to
do...别无选择只能做……
an
alternative
to...……的替换物，取代……
(2)“别无选择只好做某事”还可表示为：cannot...but
do
sth.;
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth.;
cannot
help
but
do
sth.。
[即学即用]
(1)If
this
plan
is
not
accepted,
we
have
an
alternative
one.
如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个计划。
(2)To
stay
where
I
was
is
my
only
alternative.
留在原地是我唯一的选择。
(3)单句语法填空
①I'm
afraid
I
have
no
alternative
but
o_report
(report)
you
to
the
police.
②The
way
was
blocked,
so
we
went
by
an
alternative
road.
③His
idea
is
an
alternative
o
the
orginal
plan.
2
(教材P38)Due
to
the
limited
number
of
places
and
our
excellent
reputation,
students
should
apply
early.
由于学校的声誉好而且地方有限，学生应尽早来登记。
live
up
to
one's
reputation 名副其实
lose/ruin
one's
reputation
名誉扫地
damage/destroy
one's
reputation损害(破坏)某人的名誉
win/earn/gain
a
high
reputation
获得很高的声望
have
a
reputation
for
以……闻名
of
good/great/high
reputation
良好的/高的名誉
[即学即用]
(1)Charles
Kuen
Kao
soon
won
a
reputation
as
a
first?class
physicist.
高锟很快就赢得了一流物理学家的名声。
(2)I
have
never
thought
of
writing
for
reputation
and
honor.
我从来没有想过为名声和荣誉而创作。
(3)This
store
has_an_excellent_reputation
for
fair
dealing.
该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
(4)He
is
a
man
of_great/good/high_reputation.
他是一个很有名望的人。
(5)New
York
certainly
lives_up_to
its
reputation
as
an
exciting
city.
纽约无疑是名副其实的动感城市。
3
(教材P38)Students
study
at
their
own
pace
and
the
teachers
seldom
set
tests.
学生按照自己的速度学习，老师很少进行考试。
(1)keep
pace
with跟上，与……并驾齐驱；与……步调一致
set
the
pace 定步速，起带头作用
at
a
steady/fast/slow/walking/...pace以稳定的/快的/慢的/步行的/……速度
at
one's
(own)
pace
以某人自己的速度
(2)pace
up
and
down
来回踱步
[即学即用]
(1)At
present,
the
pace
of
life
is
increasing
with
the
development
of
science
and
technology.
当今，随着科技的发展，生活节奏不断加快。
(2)He
paced
nervously
up
and
down
the
hospital
room,
waiting
for
news.
他紧张不安地在医院的房间里来回踱步，等待消息。
(3)The
computer
will
give
students
the
opportunity
to
learn
at_their_own_pace.
计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。
(4)We
must
keep_pace_with
the
new
development
of
modern
scientific
researches.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
(5)If
you
ask
the
fastest
runner
to
set_the_pace,_then
most
of
them
will
be
left
behind.
如果你让跑得最快的人来定速度，那么他们中的大多数都将落后。
4
(教材P38)Our
school
motto
reflects
the
importance
we
place
on
good
manners,
hard
work
and
success.
我们学校的箴言反映了我们对礼貌、努力学习和成功的重视。
(1)reflect
sb./sth.
in
sth. 映出；反映
reflect
on/upon
仔细想；考虑；反省
reflect
that...
思考……
(2)reflection
n.
反映；反射；映像；思考
a
reflection
of/on...
反映了……
on
reflection
经再三思考
[即学即用]
(1)Mo
Yan's
strong
love
for
the
countryside
is
reflected
in
his
recently
published
novels.
莫言对农村的深沉的爱反映在他最近出版的小说中。
(2)You'd
better
reflect
on
what
he
told
you.
你最好认真考虑他对你说的话。
(3)This
film
is
a
real
reflection
of
the
living
conditions
of
people
in
the
western
region.
这部电影真实地反映了西部地区人民的生活状况。
(4)单句语法填空
①Take
some
time
to
reflect
on
your
future
plans.
②Your
clothes
are
often
a
reflection
(reflect)
of
your
personality.
③The
mountains
are_reflected
(reflect)
in
the
still
water
of
the
lake.
④I
accepted
his
suggestion
on
reflection.
[图解助记]
5
(教材P39)Well,
select
another
one
then.
噢，那么再挑选一个吧。
(1)select
sb.
to
do
sth. 挑选某人做某事
select...as
挑选……作为
select...for
为……而挑选
select...from
从……中挑选
(2)selection
n.
挑选，选择，选拔
[即学即用]
(1)We
selected
him
to
make
a
speech
at
the
opening
ceremony.
我们选他在开幕式上致辞。
(2)She
selected
a
diamond
ring
from
the
supermarket.
她在那家超市挑选了一枚钻戒。
(3)单句语法填空
①Here
are
some
good
sources
of
information
to
assist
you
to
make
the
best
selection
(select)．
②We
select
him
as
our
football
coach.
③We
have
over
30
beautiful
designs
to
select
from.
[辨析比较]
select
“精选”，指在同种类的许多东西中仔细审慎地加以选择，标准较严格，即在精选之中有所淘汰
choose
“选择；抉择”。用途较广，指一般的“选择”；意为“抉择”时，侧重意志和判断
elect
指通过正式手续进行的“选举”，后接人及所任的职务
(4)选词填空：select/choose/elect
①He
chose
his
words
carefully,
hoping
to
avoid
a
quarrel.
②Six
programmes
have
been
selected
to
take
part
in
the
festival.
③They
organized
a
poll
to
elect
a
president.
6
(教材P40)I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
powder
into
the
rocket
and
then
another
student
lit
a
flame
to
set
it
off.
我记得当时他让我将一些炸药倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使之发射。
pour
sb.
sth.
(＝pour
sth.
for
sb.) 给某人倒……
pour
down
倾注，倾泻
pour
out
倾诉
pour
in
大量地涌入，倾倒
pour
(sth.)
into
sth.
注入；向……投入(金钱)
[即学即用]
(1)Quietly
Mark
poured
and
served
drinks
for
all
of
them.
马克一声不响地给他们每人倒好饮料并端了上来。
(2)She
poured
out
her
trouble
to
me
over
a
cup
of
coffee.
她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。
(3)The
river
came
pouring
down
in
a
waterfall
off
the
hill.
河水从山上倾泻而下形成瀑布。
(4)It
never
rains
but
it
pours.
(谚)不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
(5)By
the
time
the
group
got
up
to
leave,
it
was_pouring_outside.
当这一队人起床出发的时候，外面正下着倾盆大雨。
(6)Tears
of
happiness
poured_down
Susan's
cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流下来。
7
(教材P40)I
know
that
I
wasn't
a
willing
student
and
I
shouldn't
have
been
so
difficult
at
school,
but
it
was
probably
because
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.
我知道上学时我不是一个积极肯学的学生，而且自己本不该那么叛逆，但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。
(1)lack
sth. 缺乏……
lack
for
sth.
(常用于否定句)缺乏……
(2)a
lack
of
缺乏……
through/for
lack
of
因缺乏……
(3)lacking
adj.
短缺的；缺乏的
be
lacking
in
缺少
[即学即用]
(1)It
may
be
a
good
report,
but
it
seems
to
lack
(for)
facts.
这或许是个好报告，但事实似乎还不充分。
(2)We
have
been
informed
that
the
newly－built
school
is
lacking
in
teachers.
我们被告知新建的学校急需教师。
(3)But
for
a
lack
of
money,
we
could
have
finished
the
survey.
要不是缺钱的话，我们会完成这项调查的。
(4)hrough/For_lack_of
experience,
the
new
worker
is
at
a
loss
facing
so
many
problems.
因为缺乏经验，这位新工人在面临这么多问题时不知所措。
(5)Health
problems
are
closely
connected
with
bad
eating
habits
and
a_lack_of
exercise.
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。
(6)Lacking_in
experience,
he
lost
the
job.
他因缺乏经验而失去了这份工作。
8
(教材P40)The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.
作为一名老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
(1)access
to...
通往……的入口
have/gain/get
(no)
access
to
拥有/没有……的机会或权利；(不)可以获得或接近……
(2)accessible
adj.
可到达的；可接近的；可使用的；可进入的
be
accessible
to
sb.
易于为某人所接近/进入/得到
[即学即用]
(1)The
only
access
to
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。
(2)The
school
has
set
up
a
computer
centre
to
help
the
students
gain
access
to
more
resources
on
the
Internet.
学校建立计算机中心是为了帮助学生获取更多的网络资源。
(3)The
access
to
success
lies
in
hard
work
and
devotion.
通往成功的方法在于努力和付出。
(4)单句语法填空
①You
need
a
password
to
get
access
o
the
computer
system.
②Medicine
should
not
be
kept
where
it
is
accessible
(access)
to
children.
9
worthwhile
adj.
值得努力的，值得做的；有意义的?可作定语或表语?
(教材P40)And
if
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,
then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile.
如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
(1)It's
worthwhile 做某事是值得的
(2)be
worth＋
(3)be
worthy＋
[即学即用]
(1)To
young
people,
it
is
worthwhile
setting
aside
some
minutes
to
stay
with
parents
every
week.
对于年轻人来说，每周预留一些时间和父母待在一起是值得的。
(2)What
he
suggested
in
his
speech
was
that
some
classic
novels
were
well
worth
reading
again.
他在演讲中暗示的是，一些经典小说非常值得再读。
(3)The
event
is
worthy
of
being
remembered.
那件事值得被铭记。
(4)单句语法填空
①This
article
is
well
worth
reading
(read),
but
it
is
not
worthy
o_be_translated
(translate)．
②Sometimes
I
doubt
whether
it's
worthwhile
o_study/studying
(study)
abroad
for
some
Chinese
students.
1
(教材P39)To
a
certain
extent,
you're
right.
在某种程度上，你是对的。
to
some
extent 在某种程度上
to
a
great/large
extent
在很大程度上
to
such
an
extent
达到如此程度
to
what
extent...?
在多大程度上……？
to
the
extent
that...
达到……的程度
[联想归纳] 表示“在某种程度上”的短语还有：in
some/a/one
way,
to
some/certain
degree等。
[即学即用]
(1)To
a
certain
extent
it
was
my
fault
that
we
lost
the
chance.
我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。
(2)Language
is
a
reflection
of
a
society
to
some
extent.
在某种程度上，语言反映了社会。
(3)These
policies
are
to
a
large/great
extent
responsible
for
the
region's
economic
decline.
这些政策是该地区经济衰退的主要原因。
(4)单句语法填空
①As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
agree
with
the
latter
opinion
o
some
extent.
②To
what
extent
did
she
influence
your
decision?
③Violence
increased
to
the
extent
hat
people
were
afraid
to
leave
their
homes.
2
(教材P40)The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles
of
a
triangle
add
up
to
180
degrees!
现在我对学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的角度总和等于180度！
(1)add
up 合计，加起来
add
to
增添，增加
add...to...
把……加到……上
(2)addition
n.
加，增加，(数)加法
in
addition
另外
in
addition
to
除……之外(还有)
[即学即用]
(1)My
income
this
year
adds
up
to
$
30,000.
我今年的收入总共达到3万美元。
(2)The
heavy
rain
added
to
the
difficulties
in
rescuing
the
buried
people.
大雨增加了营救被掩埋人们的困难。
(3)She
added
some
salt
to
the
dish
before
she
put
it
on
the
plate.
她向菜里添加了一些盐才盛到盘子里。
(4)In
addition
to
English,
he
has
to
study
a
second
foreign
language.
除了英语之外，他还必须学习另一门外语。
(5)单句语法填空
①I
can't
get
along
well
with
my
new
classmates,
which
adds
o
my
anxiety.
②The
money
I
owe
you
adds
up
o
more
than
1,000
dollars.
③Add
up
your
scores
and
see
how
many
points
you
can
get.
④In
addition
(add),
every
student
can
be
in
harmony
with
foreign
friends,
which
makes
it
easier
for
you
to
get
along
with
them.
3
(教材P40)I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
powder
into
the
rocket
and
then
another
student
lit
a
flame
to
set
it
off.
我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火将火箭发射了出去。
set
aside 储存，留出；把……放到一旁
set
down
放下；写下，记下
set
out
动身，出发；开始(后接不定式)
set
up
建立，设立
set
about
(doing)
sth.
开始/着手(做)某事
[即学即用]
(1)The
question
set
off
a
heated
discussion.
这个问题引起了热烈的讨论。
(2)What
time
are
you
planning
to
set
off
tomorrow?
你打算明天几点出发？
(3)You'd
better
set
aside
some
time
for
walking
every
day.
你最好每天留出一些时间来散步。
(4)单句语法填空
①The
oxygen
workshop
caught
fire
and
set
off
a
chain
of
explosions.
②The
government
has
set
out
o_make
(make)
many
necessary
reforms.
③The
girl
set
about
cleaning
(clean)
the
room
on
arrival.
④Ralph
W.
Emerson
would
always
set
down
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
4
(教材P40)Once
I
caught
him
and
a
friend
seeing
who
could
spit
the
furthest
off
the
school
stage!
有一次我当场捉到他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐唾沫吐得最远！
catch
sb.
in
the
act 当场抓住某人
catch
hold
of
抓住
catch
up
with
赶上；追上
get/be
caught
in
被卷入；陷入
catch
sight
of/a
glimpse
of
察觉/瞥见
[即学即用]
(1)The
student
caught
cheating
in
the
test
was
afraid
that
he
would
be
punished.
在测验中被当场抓到作弊的学生害怕会受到惩罚。
(2)She
walked
too
slowly
to
catch
up
with
us.
她走得太慢，跟不上我们。
(3)单句语法填空
①He
looked
around
and
caught
a
man
putting
(put)
his
hand
into
the
pocket
of
a
passenger.
②I
still
remember
being
caught
playing
(play)
chess
in
class
by
my
teacher
about
twenty
years
ago.
③I
was_caught
(catch)
in
a
storm
on
my
way
to
school.
1
?教材P39?
I
hate
to
think
what
will
become
of
my
reputation
as
an
excellent
accountant！,作为一名优秀会计师我极不愿意去思考我的名声将会变成什么样！)
What
became/has
become/will
become
of
sb./sth.?
(＝What
happened/has
happened/will
happen
to
sb./sth.？)
(遭遇)如何？(结果)怎么样？
[即学即用]
(1)Do
you
know
what
has
become
of
him?
你知道他后来情况怎么样？
(2)What_has_become_of
that
student
who
used
to
live
with
you?
以前和你住在一起的那个学生后来怎么样了？
(3)I
can't
imagine
what_will_happen_to/what_will_become_of
them
if
they
lose
their
home.
我无法想象要是他们失去家园会怎么样。
2
(?教材P38?
Some
schools
teach
how
to
pass
tests
so
that
the
students
can
go
to
university.,有些学校教授如何通过考试以便学生能进入大学。)
(1)so
that在此处引导目的状语从句，意为“目的是，为
了……”，相当于in
order
that。so
that引导目的状语从句时，常与can,
could,
be
able
to等词连用。
(2)so
that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果；因此”。但作此用法时，一般不与can,
could,
be
able
to连用。
(3)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，其中的that引导结果状语从句。
[即学即用]
(1)He
spoke
aloud
so
that
he
could
be
heard
by
the
people
at
the
back.
他讲话声音很大，以便后面的人也能听到。
(2)Man
has
killed
too
many
animals,
so
that
there
are
fewer
and
fewer
kinds
of
animals
left.
人类猎杀了过多的动物，结果动物的种类越来越少。
(3)We
decide
to
hold
a
meeting
so_that/in_order_that
we
can
discuss
the
matter.
我们决定开会来讨论这件事。
(4)Some
stars
put
on
a
hat
and
dark
glasses
so_that
the
citizens
can't
recognise
them.
一些明星戴上帽子和墨镜以便市民认不出他们。
(5)She
was
so_excited_that
she
couldn't
say
a
word.
她激动得说不出话来。
3
?教材P40?
I
haven't
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school
but
I
often
think
about
him.,自从我离开学校后就再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。
这是一个由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句。
since引导的时间状语从句
?1?若从句的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则从句所表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一刻起”。
?2?若从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式，则从句所表示的时间是“从持续的动作或状态结束时起”。
?3?若从句的谓语动词是持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在，从句所表示的时间应该从“持续动作发生的时刻”算起。
[即学即用]
(1)Nothing
has
ever
gone
amiss
since
he
took
charge
of
the
school.
自从他接管这所学校以来，还从未出过问题。
(2)Several
years
has
passed
since
I
taught
in
that
mountain
school.
我不在那所山村学校教学已经好几年了。
(3)单句语法填空
①It
has_been
(be)
quite
some
time
since
I
was
last
in
London.
②Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening,
we
have_been_trying
(try)
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
③I've
earned
my
own
living
since
I
was
seven,
having
done
all
kinds
of
jobs.
4?教材P40?
I
had
no
idea
what
an
atom
was
and
I
didn't
really
want
to
know
either！
我不知道原子是什么，而且我也真的不想知道！
?1?本句中抽象名词idea的后面跟了一个由what引导的同位语从句，来说明idea的具体内容。what在从句中作表语。
?2?同位语从句跟在一个名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。后跟同位语从句的常见名词有：
advice，
demand，
doubt，
fact，
hope，
idea，
information，
message，
news，
order，
problem，
promise，
question，
request，
suggestion，
truth，
wish，
word等。
?3?引导同位语从句的连接词可以有that，
whether，
what，
when，
where等。
[即学即用]
(1)There
is
no
doubt
that
they
will
benefit
from
regular
exercise.
毫无疑问，他们会从定期的体育锻炼中获益。
(2)I've
come
from
Mr
Wang
with
a
message
hat
he
won't
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
(3)He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
with
it
or
not.
他必须回答这个问题：他是否同意。
(4)单句语法填空
①The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
hat
we
should
work
overtime
these
two
days.
②There
is
a
possibility
hat
the
company
will
suffer
a
great
loss
this
month.
③There
is
some
doubt
whether
she
will
attend
the
meeting.
5?教材P40?
He
was
very
bright
and
should
have
done
much
better
in
all
his
other
subjects.,格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本应该把其他所有的科目都学得更好。
should
have
done
意为“本来应该做”，是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设情况。
“情态动词＋have
done”表示两种意义：
(1)表示对过去情况的推测与估计
must
have
done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定(已经)……了”
can/could
have
done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”和“可能/也许(已经)……了吗”may
have
done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”和“可能/或许还没有……”
(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定
should/ought
to
have
done本来应该……的(但却没有)
could
have
done本来能够……的(但却没有)
might
have
done本可以……的(但却没有)
needn't
have
done本来不必……的(但却做了)
[即学即用]
(1)You
should
have
turned
in
your
homework
on
time,
but
you
didn't.
你本应该按时交上你的家庭作业的，但是你却没有。
(2)You
shouldn't
have
gone
back
to
work
yesterday
without
the
doctor's
permission.
你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该回去工作的。
(3)It's
fine
today.
You
needn't_have_taken
the
umbrella.
今天天气不错，你真没有必要带上雨伞的。
(4)It
must_have_rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
very
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面很湿。
(5)With
all
the
work
finished,
I
should_have_gone
to
the
party
last
night.
昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该去参加聚会的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
has
a
reputation
for
generosity.
2．Hangzhou
is
a
beautiful
city;
it
is
worthwhile
o_go/going
(go)
there.
3．Owing
to
lack
of
time,
we
cannot
do
more
than
what
we
have
done.
4．Reflecting
on
her
volunteer
experience,
Tina
felt
proud
of
what
she
managed
to
achieve
together
with
her
local
colleagues.
5．You
needn't
have_told
(tell)
her
the
news,
for
I
had
told
her
about
it
earlier.
6．If
uncontrolled,
the
shortage
would
set
off
a
new
rise
in
meat
prices.
7．Only
a
few
people
have
access
o
the
full
facts
of
the
case.
8．New
ways
to
treat
headaches
may
provide
an
alternative
o
painkillers.
9．Rain
began
to
pour
down
from
a
black
sky.
10．The
shop
has
a
fine
selection
(select)
of
cheeses.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He
has_studied_very_hard
since
he
came
to
our
school.
自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
2．You
were
an
hour
late
this
morning.
What's_up?
今天早晨你迟到了半个小时，出了什么事？
3.
What_will_become_of_these_teenagers
if
they
don't
study,
but
play
cards
all
the
time?
这些青少年不学习，却成天玩牌，长此以往，他们会怎样？
4．The
police
caught_him_stealing_a_car
last
night.
昨晚，警察抓住他正在偷车。
5．I
should_have_gone
this
morning
but
I
was
feeling
a
bit
ill.
今天早晨我本应该走的，但是我觉得有点不舒服。
6．Schools
should
teach
their
students
how_to_conduct_
themselves_so_that
they
can
become
good
citizens
in
the
future.
学校应该教学生如何做人以便他们将来成为好公民。
7.
o_a_certain_extent,_we
are
all
responsible
for
this
tragic
situation.
在一定程度上，我们都应对这悲惨的局面负责。
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
E－learning
E－learning
(also
called
electronic
learning)
is
any
type
of
learning
that
takes
place
through
or
with
a
computer.
E－learning
is
primarily
facilitated
through
the
Internet
but
can
also
be
accomplished
with
CD－ROMs
and
DVDs,
streaming
audio
or
video
and
other
media.
The
purpose
of
e－learning
is
to
allow
people
to
learn
for
personal
accomplishment
or
to
earn
a
professional
degree,
without
physically
attending
a
traditional
university
or
academic
setting.
E－learning
can
be
applied
for
all
levels
of
schooling
from
grade
school
to
graduate
degrees,
and
is
versatile
enough
to
accommodate
all
learning
styles.
There
are
a
number
of
types
of
e－learning
that
depend
on
the
amount
of
physical
interaction.
Entirely
online
e－learning
occurs
without
any
face－to－face
interaction.
Course
work
and
materials
are
distributed
electronically
through
e－mail,
websites,
online
forums
and/or
CDs
or
DVD－ROMs.
Combined
learning
uses
a
combination
of
Internet－directed
instruction,
as
well
as
face－to－face
interaction.
Most
traditional
colleges
and
universities
use
combined
learning
as
students
learn
in
physical
classrooms,
with
instruction
augmented
by
online
lessons.
For
those
learning
for
personal
accomplishment,
e－learning
can
also
use
a
combination
of
e－learning
types,
as
they
can
be
entirely
self－directed,
or
they
can
use
the
assistance
of
an
expert
in
their
selected
field.
Because
the
only
requirement
for
e?learning
(in
most
cases)
requires
a
computer
with
Internet
access
or
a
CD/DVD－ROM
drive,
e－learning
students
can
learn
from
home,
libraries,
Internet
cafes
or
any
other
location
that
has
Internet
access.
This
is
why
e－learning
is
a
preferred
option
for
those
who
work
full
time
or
part
time
and
cannot
afford
to
travel
to
a
physical
school.
The
ease
of
location
with
e－learning
also
makes
it
preferable
to
stay－at－home
parents
with
young
or
special－needs
children.
E－learning
can
also
save
money
in
that
e－learners
do
not
have
to
pay
for
gas,
vehicle
repair
or
parking
validation
if
they
choose
to
remain
at
home
while
taking
courses
online.
Ease
of
location
is
also
beneficial
to
students
who
are
home－schooled,
as
they
can
gain
social
interaction
through
online
communication
as
well
as
educational
materials.
开启快乐学习之旅
E－learning：英文全称为Electronic
Learning，中文译作“网络(化)学习”、“电子(化)学习”、“数字(化)学习”等。不同的译法代表了不同的观点：一是强调基于因特网的学习；二是强调电子化；三是强调在E－learning中要把数字化内容与网络资源结合起来。三者强调的都是数字技术，强调用技术来改造和引导教育。
SectionⅠ Warm?up
&
Lesson
1
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．blank
adj.
空白的
2．frankly
adv.
坦率地，真诚地
3．suspect
v.
怀疑
4．status
n.
现状；社会地位
5．distinguish
vt.
辨别，区别
6．chief
adj.
最高级别的
7．secure
adj.
稳定的；无忧无虑的→security
n.
安全；保证
8．postage
n.
邮资，邮费→post
v.
&
n.
邮寄，邮递
9．instruct
v.
教导，指导→instruction
n.
指导；命令；指示→instructor
n.
指导者
10．bury
vt.
埋葬→burial
n.
埋葬，葬礼
11．spelling
n.
拼写→spell
v.
拼写
12．correction
n.
改正，改进→correct
v.
改正
13．simplify
vt.
简化→simplification
n.
简化→simply
adv.
简单地→simple
adj.
简单的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．graduate_from从……(学校)毕业
2．distance_learning远程学习
3．get_promoted得到提拔
4．frankly_speaking老实说，坦率地说
5．lay_off裁员；解雇
6．go_blank发呆，变成空白
7．set
up
成立
8．aside
from
除……之外
9．in
person
亲自
10．switch/turn
off
关上
11．take
part
in
参加
12．break
out
爆发
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．强调句型的特殊疑问句形式
What
is
it
about
the
world
today
hat
makes
it
necessary
to
continue
learning?
到底是当今世界的什么东西使得继续学习成为必要？
2．too...to...“太……而不能……”。
It's
never
too_late_to_learn.
学习永远都不会太晚。
3．be
about
to
do“即将做，马上做”。
Now
I'm_about_to_graduate
from
the
School
of
Continuing
Education
at
Qinghua
University...
现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业……
4．as
if
“好像是……”，引导表语从句。
I
felt
as_if_I_had_done
something
wrong!
我感觉自己好像犯了错！
5．It
is/was
(high)
time
(that)．..“是该做……的时候了”。
I
decided
that
it_was_time_I_became
an
Internet
user.
我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
1.n./adj.＋－fy→v.
①simplify
简化 ②beautify
美化
③purify
净化
④horrify
恐吓
⑤classify
分类
2．lay＋prep./adv.→动词短语
①lay
off
裁员；解雇
②lay
aside
把……搁置一旁
③lay
back
把……放回原处
④lay
out
设计；安排
⑤lay
in
贮存；贮备
课文预读
The
Importance
of
Life－long
Learning
Nowadays,
more
and
more
people
of
various①
ages
and
backgrounds
are
continuing
to
study
to
improve
themselves.
Here's
what
they
have
to
say
about
their
life－long
learning
experience.
Sun_Wen—28_years_old
“It's
never
too
late
to
learn.”
That
was
the
advice
I
got
after
I
failed
my
college
entrance
exam.
Now
I'm
about
to
graduate
from②
the
School
of
Continuing
Education
at
Qinghua
University
with
a
Bachelor's
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
by
distance
learning.
Because
of
my
new
qualification③，
I'm
getting
promoted④
at
work.
In
the
past,
if
someone
like
me
had
failed
to
get
into
university
through
the
college
exam,
he
would
have
had
no
chance
of
getting
a
degree.
But
it's
different
now.
I
decided
to
give
myself
a
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends
while
keeping
a
secure⑤
full－time
job.
Frankly
speaking⑥，
the
last
four
years
have
been
hard
work,
but
it's
been
worth⑦
it！
①various/'ve?rI?s/adj.
各种各样的，不同种类的
vary/'ve?rI/v.
变化，有差异
variety/v?'raI?tI/n.
多变，多样化；品种，种类
※what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
※never/not
too...to...表示肯定意义。
※be
about
to
do
sth.即将做某事(不能与时间状语连用)。
②graduate
from毕业于
graduation/?ɡr?d?u'eI??n/n.
毕业；毕业典礼
③qualification/?kw?lIfI'keI?n/n.
资格；资历
qualify
v.
取得资格；使具备资格
④get
promoted获得晋升
⑤secure/sI'kj??/adj.
稳定的；安心的
※while在本句中引导一个省略了主语和谓语的时间状语从句。
⑥frankly
speaking坦率地说
frankly/'fr??kli/adv.
坦率地，真诚地
⑦worth/w??θ/adj.
值得的
be
worth
doing值得做
be
worthy
of
being
done＝be
worthy
to
be
done值得做
终身学习的重要性
[第1～3段译文]
现在，越来越多不同年龄、不同背景的人在不断地学习以提高自己。这里是他们对自己终身学习经历的描述。
孙文——28岁
“学习永远都不会太晚。”这是我在高考失败后得到的忠告。现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育课程获得计算机工程专业的学士学位。因为我拥有了新的资格证，我将在工作上得以晋升。
在过去，像我这样没能通过高考，进不了大学的人是没有机会获得学位的。但是现在不同了。我决定再给自己一次机会，在保有一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以获得学位。坦白地说，过去这4年过得很艰难，但是值得！
Ms_Tang—45_years_old
Three
months
ago,
when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off⑧，
my
mind
went
blank⑨
and
my
heart
swelled⑩
with
anger.
In
the
past,
if
someone
had
worked
for
a
company
for
over
20
years,
they
would
have
stayed
there
until
retirement?！
I
suspect?
that
they
laid
me
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
that?
well
but
it
still
brought
a
lump?
to
my
throat
and
made
me
want
to
cry.
I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong!
I
know
this
isn't
true
though?.
It's
just
the
status?
of
the
job
market
at
the
moment?.
⑧lay
off解雇
⑨go
blank(脑子、屏幕)一片空白
blank/bl??k/adj.
空白的
go为连系动词，其后跟形容词作表语。go后的表语多是贬义词，而come后的表语多是褒义词。例如：
go
come
true实现
⑩swell/swel/v.
被充满；膨胀，肿胀
※本句为含有虚拟语气的复合句，从句用had
done，主句用
would
have
done，表示与过去事实相反的假设。
?retirement/ri'tai?m?nt/n.
退休
retire/ri'tai?/v.
退休；退役；休庭
?suspect/s?'spekt/v.
怀疑
?that在此处作程度副词，相当于so。
?lump/l?mp/n.
块，团
※这是由but连接的并列复合句，第一个分句中suspect后是由that引导的宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句；第二个分句中and连接两个并列谓语“brought”和“made”，made后面的want
to
cry是省略to的动词不定式作“me”的宾语补足语。
※as
if引导表语从句。as
if/though引导表语从句时，若表示与事实相反的假设，从句常用虚拟语气。
?though
adv.
然而 conj.
尽管
?status/'steIt?s/n.
状况；地位
?at
the
moment
那时[第4段译文]
唐女士——45岁
三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我的脑子一片空白，心中充满了怒火。在过去，如果有人为一家公司工作了20多年，他们就会留在公司里直到退休！我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，让我想哭。我感觉自己好像犯了错！然而我知道这并不是我的错。那就是当时就业市场的状况。
At
first,
I
enjoyed
being
a
full－time
housewife
and
called
myself
“CHO”
or
“chief?
home
officer”.
But
soon
I
got
bored
and
decided
to
do
a
business
course.
I
have
always
dreamed
of
starting
my
own
company.
I
have
nearly
finished
the
course
now
and
it
has
been
very
helpful.
I
have
learnt
so
many
new
skills
and
have
already
prepared
a
business
plan
for
setting
up
my
own
export
company!
I
think
that
getting
laid
off
will
prove?
to
be
the
best
thing
that
ever
happened
to
me.
?chief/t?i?f/adj.
最高级别的
?prove
v.
证明，证实
※that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。因为先行词thing被形容词最高级修饰，故关系代词只可用that，不可用which。
[第5～6段译文]
起初，我很享受做一名全职家庭主妇的生活，并称自己为“CHO”，即“chief
home
officer(首席家庭长官)”。但不久我就厌倦了，我决定去进修一门商业课程。我一直梦想着建立自己的公司。
现在我几乎要完成这门课程了，并且它很有帮助。我学会了很多新技能，并且已经准备了一份商业计划，以建立我自己的出口公司！我认为被裁员将会是发生在我身上的最好的一件事。
[第7～10段译文]
陈爷爷——75岁
我确信你们都知道这句谚语：“你不可能教老家伙学会新把戏。”(“朽木不可雕也。”)这句话一定错了！我是个老家伙，并且我每天都在自学新把戏！
一切都开始于几个月前邮费上涨的时候。过去我每周都会通过航空邮政给我远在美国的女儿寄一次信，但突然间，它变得太贵了。我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。于是我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。除了收发电子邮件之外，我用网络摄像头看到了在美国的外孙并且同他们聊天，太有趣了。在过去，如果我想看到他们，就不得不亲自去拜访他们。
很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑，埋藏学过的所有东西。这真是大错特错！
不管怎样，我现在得走了。我要练习字母表了！我正在互联网上学习一门英语课程。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Read
the
text
and
finish
the
question.
The
text
focus
on
he_importance_of_life－long_learning
through
three
examples.
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．The
three
persons
mentioned
in
the
text
all
think
that
it
is
well
worthwhile
to
spend
some
time
continuing
study.( T )
2．In
the
past
people
got
a
degree
mainly
from
a
college
or
university
besides
evening
schools.( F )
3．Ms
Tang
wanted
to
start
her
own
business
just
because
she
was
laid
off
by
her
company.( F )
4．Grandpa
Chen
is
studying
English
in
order
to
get
a
chance
to
travel
abroad
and
he
has
made
steady
progress.( F )
5．The
three
persons
mentioned
in
the
passage
have
a
solid
base
when
they
continue
their
study.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．How
did
Sun
Wen
achieve
the
goal
to
get
a
degree?
A．Passing
the
college
exam.
B．Studying
in
a
famous
university.
C．Studying
in
the
spare
time.
D．Quitting
the
job
and
studying.
答案：C
2．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A．Grandpa
Chen
learned
to
e－mail
all
by
himself.
B．Ms
Tang
thinks
that
to
some
degree
being
laid
off
isn't
bad.
C．Sun
Wen
has
graduated
and
got
promoted
because
of
the
degree.
D．Life－long
learning
is
very
easy
for
the
three
persons
in
the
text.
答案：B
3．From
the
text,
continuing
study
has
many
benefits
EXCEPT
________.
A．saving
money
by
sending
e－mail
B．winning
a
chance
to
get
promoted
C．improving
the
ability
as
a
CEO
D．preparing
for
one's
own
business
答案：C
4．How
does
the
writer
explain
the
topic
of
the
text?
A．By
listing
figures.
B．By
comparison.
C．By
example.
D．By
time
order.
答案：C
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Sun
Wen
is
28
years
old
and
he
has
a
secure
full－time
job.
He
is
about
__1__
(take)
his
Bachelor's
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
by
__2__
(distant)
learning
though
he
failed
his
college
entrance
exam.
In
the
past,
if
someone
had
failed
__3__
(get)
into
university
through
the
college
exam,
he
__4__
(have)
no
chance
of
getting
a
degree.
__5__
it's
different
now.
Sun
Wen
gave
himself
__6__
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends.
It's
never
too
late
to
learn.
Ms
Tang
__7__
(lay)
off
by
the
company.
Her
mind
went
blank
and
her
heart
swelled
with
anger.
She
felt
as
if
she
__8__
(do)
something
wrong!
Later,
she
decided
to
do
a
business
course
and
she
has
learnt
so
many
new
skills
and
has
already
prepared
a
business
plan
for
setting
__9__
her
own
export
company.
Grandpa
Chen
is
75
years
old.
He
began
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
__10__
the
help
of
his
grandson.
Now
he
is
doing
an
English
course
on
the
Internet.
1．o_take 2.distance 3.o_get 4.would_have_had
5．But 6.a 7.was_laid 8.had_done 9.up 10.with
1
(教材P35)．..but
I
often
sort
of
simplify
a
word
by
breaking
it
up
into
different
parts.
……但是我经常通过把一个词分成几个部分来使它稍微简单化。
simplification
n． 简化
simple
adj.
简单的
simply
adv.
简单地；仅仅
[即学即用]
(1)After
a
heated
discussion,
the
board
agreed
to
simplify
the
procedures.
在经过激烈讨论之后，董事会同意简化程序。
(2)He
refused
to
attend
the
university
simply
because
the
climate
there
didn't
suit
him.
他仅仅因为不适应那里的气候就拒绝上这所大学。
(3)The
instructor
has
many
ways
to
make_some_problems_simple.
这位导师有很多方法让一些问题简单化。
(4)His
suggestion
that
the
operation
of
the
machine
(should)_be_simplified
has
been
accepted
by
the
majority.
他有关简化这台机器操作的建议已经被大多数人接受了。
2
(教材P36)I
decided
to
give
myself
a
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends
while
keeping
a
secure
full－time
job.
我决定再给自己一次机会，在保有一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末时间学习，以获得(所缺的)学位。
(1)be
secure
of
对……有把握；确信
be
secure
from/against
不会受到……的威胁；
没有……的危险
feel
secure
about
对……觉得放心
(2)security
n．[U]
安全(感)
[即学即用]
(1)The
little
boy
felt
secure
near
his
mother.
那个小男孩在母亲身旁感到无忧无虑。
(2)Our
house
is
secure
from/against
flood.
我们的房子没有被淹的危险。
(3)单句语法填空
①Having
learned
three
foreign
languages,
he
felt
secure
about
his
future.
②We
want
to
live
in
security
(secure)．
3
blank
adj.
空白的；空的；不理解的
n.
空白，空白处
(教材P36)Three
months
ago,
when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off,
my
mind
went
blank
and
my
heart
swelled
with
anger.
三个月前，当经理告诉我我要被解雇时，我脑海里一片空白，心中充满了怒火。
in
the
blank 在空格里；在空白处
go
blank
变成空白
[即学即用]
(1)His
memory
was
completely
blank
on
the
subject.
关于这个题目，他已经完全不记得了。
(2)Many
blank
spaces
are
still
left
in
the
suburbs.
郊区仍留有许多空地。
(3)If
you
can't
answer
the
question,
leave_a_blank.
如果你不能回答这个问题，留一个空白处。
(4)Try
to
let
your
mind
go_blank,_then
you
will
feel
calmer.
试着让你的大脑一片空白，你就会感到平静些。
4
suspect
v.
怀疑；不信任；怀疑某人有罪
n.
嫌疑犯；可疑对象
(教材P36)I
suspect
that
they
laid
me
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
that
well
but
it
still
brought
a
lump
to
my
throat
and
made
me
want
to
cry.
我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，让我想哭。
(1)suspect
sb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事
suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人(干)某事
suspect
sb./sth.
as/to
be...
怀疑某人/某物为……
suspect＋that...
怀疑……
(2)suspicion
n.
怀疑，嫌疑；看法，感觉
(3)suspicious
adj.
怀疑的，可疑的
be
suspicious
of/about
怀疑……
[即学即用]
(1)He
looks
innocent,
but
the
police
suspected
him
to
be
a
murder.
他看起来很无辜，但警察怀疑他杀了人。
(2)I
have
no
reason
to
suspect
her
honesty/loyalty.
我没有理由怀疑她的诚实/忠诚。
(3)The
police
suspected
that
Bill
did
it.
＝The
police
suspected
Bill
of
doing
it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
(4)单句语法填空
①Judging
from
his
symptom,
I
suspected
him
o_be
(be)
ill.
②They
suspected
him
of
giving
false
evidence
to
the
police.
③Tom,
suspected
(suspect)
of
having
stolen
money
from
the
bank,
was
arrested
by
the
police
last
week.
④Two
suspects
(suspect)
in
connection
with
the
case
are
now
being
investigated.
5
(教材P36)I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.
于是我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。
(1)instruct
sb.
in
sth.＝teach
sb.
sth.
教某人某事
instruct
sb.
to
do
sth.
命令某人做某事
instruct＋that/wh－从句命令……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)instruction
n．教授；传授；[pl.]指示；命令；用法说明
instructions做某事的指示/命令
instruction
in
sth.
教授/传授某事
(3)instructive
adj.
富有教益的；有启发性的
[即学即用]
(1)She
instructed
me
in
the
use
of
the
computer.
她教我使用电脑。
(2)The
government
instructed
that
more
measures
(should)
be
taken
to
promote
the
employment.
政府下令应采取更多措施以促进就业。
(3)Read
the
instructions
carefully
before
you
conduct
the
experiment.
在开展实验之前，你要仔细阅读操作指示。
(4)单句语法填空
①It
is
the
most
instructive
(instruct)
lecture
that
I
have
attended
since
I
came
to
this
school.
②The
farmers
are_instructed
(instruct)
in
the
use
of
the
new
technique.
③Always
read
the
instructions
(instruct)
on
the
bottle
carefully
and
take
the
right
amount
of
medicine.
④Those
boys
were
instructed
o_wait
(wait)
there.
6
(教材P36)So
many
people
think
that
after
you
retire,
all
you
can
do
is
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury
everything
you've
ever
learnt.
很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑，埋藏学过的所有东西。
(1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury
one's
head/face
in
one's
hands
用手捂住头/脸
bury
oneself
in
(doing)
sth.
埋头于/专心于(做)某事
(2)(be)
buried
in
(doing)
sth.
埋头于/专心于(做)某事
be
buried
alive
被活埋
be
buried
in
thought
沉思
[即学即用]
(1)Many
great
Englishmen
are
buried
in
Westminster
Abbey.
许多伟大的英国人被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。
(2)The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
chair,
burying
herself
in
the
magazine
in
her
hands.
女孩坐在椅子上，埋头读着手里的那本杂志。
(3)He
leaned
against
the
wall,
burying
his
hands
in
the
pockets.
他斜靠在墙上，手放在口袋里。
(4)单句语法填空
①Buried
(bury)
in
thought,
he
didn't
notice
me
coming
in.
②She
buried
her
face
in
her
hands
and
wept.
(5)高级表达
As
he
was
buried
in
his
study,
he
didn't
know
that
all
the
others
had
left.(过去分词短语作状语)
→Buried_in_his_study,_he
didn't
know
that
all
the
others
had
left.
[联想归纳] 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be
devoted
to
②be
lost/engaged/absorbed
in
③fix/concentrate
one's
attention
on
7
distinguish
vt.
&
vi.
区分，辨别，分清 vt.
使有别于，成为……的特征，使具有……特色；使出众
(教材P37)If
the
room
had
not
been
dark,
he
would
have
distinguished
the
two
pictures.
如果房间不暗，他早就分辨出两幅图画了。
(1)distinguish
oneself
(as...)某人(作为……)著名/受人青睐
distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开
distinguish
between
A
and
B
区分A和B
(2)distinguished
adj.
以……著名的；卓越的，杰出的；高贵的
be
distinguished
for
因……而出名
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
certainly
important
to
distinguish
between
right
and
wrong.
明辨是非当然重要。
(2)People
who
cannot
distinguish
between
colours
are
said
to
be
colour－blind.
不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。
(3)It
is
the
superior
intelligence
and
the
use
of
language
that
distinguish_man_from_the_other_animals.
正是高超的智力和使用语言的能力把人和其他动物区别开来。
(4)单句语法填空
①Distinguished
(distinguish)
guests
and
friends,
welcome
to
our
school.
②It's
important
to
distinguish
reality
from
dreams.
③As
far
as
we
all
know,
Lang
Ping
has
already
distinguished
herself
as
a
great
volleyball
coach
in
the
world.
1
(教材P36)Because
of
my
new
qualification,
I'm
getting
promoted
at
work.
由于获得了新的资格证，我在工作中将得到提拔。
(1)get
punished 受到惩罚
get
hurt/broken
受到伤害
get
married
结婚
get
burnt
被晒黑，被烫伤
(2)和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。
[即学即用]
(1)Soon,
they
got
married
and
had
two
children.
很快，他们结婚了，并有了两个孩子。
(2)You
might
get_hurt
if
you
stand
there.
你站在那里可能会被伤到。
(3)It's
so
hot
that
you
may
get_burnt
outside.
天太热了，在外面你可能会被晒黑的。
2
(教材P36)Frankly
speaking,
the
last
four
years
have
been
hard
work,
but
it's
been
worth
it!
坦白地说，过去这4年很艰难，但是值得！
类似评注性副词：
honestly
speaking＝to
tell
you
the
truth老实说，说实话
generally
speaking
一般说来
strictly
speaking
严格说来
exactly
speaking＝to
be
exact
确切地说
personally
speaking
就个人而言
[即学即用]
(1)Strictly
speaking,
the
world
has
enough
land
to
feed
everybody.
严格地说，世界有足够的土地供养每一个人。
(2)Generally
speaking,
it
is
difficult
to
master
a
foreign
language
in
such
a
short
time.
一般来说，在这么短的时间内掌握一门外语是很难的。
(3)Exactly
speaking,
the
plane
will
take
off
at
4：45
this
afternoon.
确切地说，这架飞机将于今天下午4点45分起飞。
(4)Frankly_speaking,_I
am
not
in
favor
of
your
plan.
坦率地说，我不支持你的计划。
3
(教材P36)Three
months
ago,
when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off,
my
mind
went
blank
and
my
heart
swelled
with
anger.
三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我的脑子一片空白，心中充满了怒火。
(1)lay
off
doing
sth. 停止做某事
(2)lay
aside
把……搁置一旁；留存，储存
lay
down
放下；制定(条例或准则)
lay
out
摆开，铺开；安排，布置
[即学即用]
(1)Often,
they
think
too
much
in
the
short
term
and
begin
to
lay
off
employees.
通常，他们太看中短期效益，开始解雇员工。
(2)Why
don't
you
lay
off
smoking
for
a
while
until
your
cough
gets
better?
为何不戒烟一段时间，直到你咳嗽好些呢？
(3)She
managed
to
lay
aside
a
few
pounds
each
week
from
her
wages.
她设法每周从薪水中留出几英镑。
(4)单句语法填空
①The
enemy
was
defeated,
laying
down
their
arms.
②The
company
was
deeply
in
debt
and
some
employees
were_laid
(lay)
off.
③Lay
aside
some
money
every
month
and
you'll
become
rich
some
day.
4
aside
from...(＝apart
from...)
除……之外
(教材P36)And
aside
from
emailing,
it's
fun
to
see
and
talk
to
my
grandchildren
in
the
US
on
the
i－Cam.
除了收发电子邮件之外，我用网络摄像头看到了在美国的孙子并且同他们聊天，太有趣了。
aside
from/except
for/except除……之外(无)
aside
from/besides/in
addition
to除……之外(还)
[即学即用]
(1)Aside
from/Besides/In
addition
to
reading
for
knowledge,
we
read
for
fun
and
inspiration.
除了为获得知识而阅读外，我们还为获得乐趣和灵感而阅读。
(2)All
of
the
children
like
the
cartoon
aside
from
Tom.
除了汤姆以外所有的孩子都喜欢卡通片。
(3)Aside_from
necessary
clothes,
I
also
carried
a
camera.
除了必需的衣服外，我还带了个相机。
[辨析比较]
but,
besides,
except,
except
for,
aside
from
but
“除了……”，表示从整体中除去一部分，排除或不包括在内
besides
“除……之外(还有)”，包括在整体内
except
“除……之外”，与but同义，表示从整体中除去，不包括在内
except
for
“美中不足，除了……以外”，表示一种惋惜
aside
from
“除……以外(还有)；除去”，相当于apart
from，既可指包含在内，也可指排除在外
(4)选词填空：besides/except/except
for/aside
from
①This
article
is
good,
except_for
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
②They
all
went
there
except/aside_from
Tom,
who
was
ill.
③We
need
three
more
chairs
besides/aside_from
these
two.
1
?教材P36?
It's
never
too
late
to
learn.,活到老，学到老。
too＋形容词/副词＋to＋动词原形，意为“太……而不能……”。动词不定式在句中作结果状语，其前可由for引出其逻辑主语。
too...to...太……而不能……，在大多数情况下表示否定意义。但在以下三种情况下，“too...to...”常表示肯定意义：
(1)“too...to...”结构前带有never,
not等否定词时。
(2)“too...to...”结构前有only,
all,
but时，意为“非常……”，相当于very。
(3)“too...to...”结构中带有表示某种心情的形容词时，如ready,
happy,
eager,
willing,
anxious等。
[即学即用]
(1)The
maths
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
work
out.
这道数学题太难，我解不出来。
(2)He
was
too
poor
to
buy
shoes
for
his
family.
他太穷，没钱给家人买鞋穿。
(3)Hearing
the
news,
he
was
oo_nervous_to_speak.
听到这个消息，他紧张得说不出话来。
(4)I'm
only
oo_glad_to_see
you.
见到你我真是太高兴了。
(5)It's
never_too_late_to_stop
smoking.
戒烟何时都不算晚。
[联想归纳] 该句型有时可与so/such...that...结构互换。
(6)The
boy
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.
＝The
boy
is
so_young_that
he
can't
go
to
school.
＝He
is
such_a_young_boy_that
he
can't
go
to
school.
这个男孩岁数太小，不能去上学。
(教材P36)I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong!
我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
这是一个含有as
if引导的表语从句的复合句。
(1)as
if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look,
seem,
feel,
sound,
smell等后引导表语从句，以及act,
treat等之后引导方式状语从句。
(2)as
if从句中的语气
①as
if引导的从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look,
seem,
taste,
smell,
sound等词连用。
②as
if引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
[即学即用]
(1)He
is
a
happy
and
lucky
man
as
if
he
has
no
worries
and
cares
in
the
world.
他是个快乐和幸运的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。
(2)It
seems
as
if
the
boy
has
lost
his
way.
这个男孩好像迷路了。
(3)The
child
talks
to
us
as
though/if
he
were
a
grown－up.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
remember
the
whole
thing
as
if
it
happened
(happen)
yesterday.
②Don't
handle
the
vase
as
if
it
were
(be)
made
of
steel.
③She
stood
at
the
gate
as
if
she
was_waiting
(wait)
for
someone.
④He
looks
as
if
he
is
(be)
angry
with
you.
3
?教材P36?
I
decided
that
it
was
time
I
became
an
Internet
user.,我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
It
is/was
(high)
time
(that)．..到了……的时候了，该做……了。从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。
(1)It's
time
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.到(某人)做某事的时间了。
(2)It/This/That
is/was
the
first/second/third/...time
that...“这/那是某人第一/二/三/……次做某事”(主句用is，从句用现在完成时；主句用was，从句用过去完成时)。
[即学即用]
(1)It's
high
time
that
they
left/should
leave
for
Beijing.
到了他们动身去北京的时候了。
(2)It
is
the
third
time
that
the
explorers
have
climbed
the
mountain.
这是探险家们第三次攀登这座大山。
(3)单句语法填空
①It
is
time
for
our
government
o_remove
(remove)
poverty
and
promote
education.
②I
think
it
is
(high)
time
that
you
made/should_make
(make)
your
mind.
③It
was
the
second
time
(that)
I
had_taken
(take)
a
plane.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At
last
they
were
able
to
feel
secure
about
the
future.
2．The
instructions
(instruct)
on
the
bottle
are
hard
for
him
to
understand.
3．Tom
raised
his
hand
as
if
o_say
(say)
something.
4．The
girl
was
sitting
there,
buried
(bury)
herself
in
the
computer
games.
5．We
all
suspect
her
o_be
(be)
an
actress,
but
no
one
knows
her.
6．The
teacher
has
made
a
few
corrections
(correct)
in
your
essay
already.
7．She
simplified
(simple)
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
8．Recently,
it's
been
caused
a
heated
topic
that
a
college
teacher
with
cancer
was
laid
off
by
her
school.
9．I
admire
your
distinguished
(distinguish)
achievements.
10.
Frankly
(frank)
speaking,
he
is
not
so
bad
as
you
might
think.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.
Personally_speaking,_I
prefer
the
yellow
coat
of
the
left.
就我个人而言，我喜欢左边那件黄色外套。
2．The
maths
problem
is
oo_difficult_for_me_to_work_out.
这道数学题太难我解不出来。
3．We
are_about_to_leave,_so
there
is
no
time
to
visit
him
now.
我们就要离开，所以现在没有时间去看他。
4．He
is
so
tired
that
he
feels
as_if_he_could_sleep
around
the
clock.
他如此疲惫以至于他觉得好像能睡24小时。
5．It
was
time
that
we_reflected_upon/should_reflect
_upon_our_mistakes.
该是我们反省思过的时候了。
6．You
can
have
any
of
the
cakes
aside_from
this
one.
除了这块蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一块。
PAGE
