Unit
14
Careers
Section
Ⅵ Writing——求职信
本单元的写作任务是写求职信。求职信格式和用词比较正规，其目的在于让聘用方了解自己的经验、能力、成就、愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是求职信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得进一步面谈的机会。
求职信一般包括以下内容：
1．写求职信的理由。从何处获悉招聘信息，你的申请目的，加入企业的原因，你要申请什么职位。
2．做自我介绍。说明你为什么适合申请的职位，提出你能为未来雇主做些什么，而不是他们为你做什么。突出你的优势，即简明扼要地说明为什么你比别人更适合这个位置。强调你所受过的培训、你的经历、技能和成就。
3．结尾段落中提出你的进一步行动请求，这里你可以建议如何进一步联络，留下可以随时联系到你的电话或地址。当然如果能对阅读者表示感谢，效果会更好。
常用表达
1．说明应聘原因：应聘的原因应该直截了当地在信的开始就提出来。说明应聘原因可以用到如下句式：
(1)I
learned
from
the
newspaper/sb.
that
your
company
wanted
to
hire...
(2)I
was
told
that...
(3)I
have
just
read
in
the
newspaper
that...
(4)I
am
writing
to
inquire
opportunities
for...
2．介绍个人简历和说明自己的优势。下面句式比较常用：
(1)Now
I'd
like
to
introduce
myself
to
you.
(2)My
name
is...I'm...years
old.
I'm...
tall.
(3)I
graduated
from...University
in
2015.
(4)I
like
swimming,
singing
and
dancing
in
my
spare
time.
(5)I
work
hard
and
I
can
get
along
well
with
others.
(6)I'm
good
at
English
and
especially
my
spoken
English
is
very
good.
(7)I
can
understand
Japanese
and
I
can
talk
to
foreigners
in
Japanese
freely.
(8)I
am
currently
studying...
(9)I
would
be
interested
in
doing...
3．表示感谢，请求答复并给予联系方式。以下句式可作参考：
(1)Thank
you
very
much.
(2)Thank
you
for
your
consideration
of
my
application.
(3)If
you
agree
with
me,
I'll
work
hard
and
try
to
be
a．..
(4)I
am
available
for
an
interview...
(5)I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
(6)If
you
agree
with
me,
please
write
a
letter
to
me
or
phone
me.
I
live
at...
(7)I
would
appreciate
it
if
you...
(8)My
telephone
number
is...
4．结尾用语：
署名前一般会附上Sincerely,
Yours
sincerely,
Yours
truthfully,
Yours
faithfully,
Yours
truly或Yours等。
假定你是李华，刚刚毕业于北京外国语大学Beijing
Foreign
Studies
University(BFSU)。你读广告得知一所英语学校招聘助教，帮助外教组织教学。请用英语给该校发一封邮件应聘。内容主要包括：
1．口语能力；2.组织能力；3.沟通能力。
注意：1.词数100个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
分析
体裁
求职信
话题
应聘
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第一人称
1.用词
(1)助教
a_teaching_assistant
(2)毕业于
graduate_from
(3)与……接触
be_exposed_to
(4)英语口语
spoken_English
(5)与……自由沟通
communicate_freely_with
(6)使课堂秩序井然
keep_the_class_in_order
(7)把……考虑在内
ake...into
consideration
2．造句
(1)我从广告中得知你校招聘外籍教师助教。(be
wanted)
I_learned_from_the_advertisement_that_a_teaching_assistant_for_foreign_teachers_is_wanted.
(2)我对这个职位非常感兴趣，希望能为你们工作。(并列句)
I'm_really_interested_in_the_position_and_I_hope_I_can_work_for_you.
(3)因为长期接触外教，我擅长英语，尤其是英语口语。(be
exposed
to)
Having_been_exposed_to_foreign_teachers_for_a_long_time,_I'm
good_at_English,_especially_spoken_English.
(4)多年当班长的经验使我成为一名出色的组织者，这对我维持课堂秩序很有帮助。(非限制性定语从句)
Years_of_experience_of_being_monitor_makes_me_a_brilliant_organizer,_which_will_help_me_a_lot_to_keep_the_class_in_order.
(5)如果你能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(appreciate)
I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_
consideration.
3．成篇
Dear_Sir/Madam，
I_learned_from_the_advertisement_that_a_teaching_assistant_for_foreign_teachers_is_wanted_in_your_school._I'm_really_interested_in_the_position_and_I_hope_I_can_work_for_you.
First_of_all,_I_have_just_graduated_from_Beijing_Foreign__Studies_University_(BFSU)．_Having_been_exposed_to_foreign__teachers_for_so_long_a_time,_I_am_good_at_English,_especially_spoken_English._I_can_communicate_freely_with_others_in_English._What's_more,_years_of_experience_of_being_monitor_makes_me_a_brilliant_organizer,_which_will_help_me_a_lot_to_keep_the_class_in_order._The_most_important_factor_is_that_I_love_kids,_and_I'm_confident_that_my_patience_and_care_will_undoubtedly_win_their_trust.
All_in_all,_I_think_my__enthusiasm__and_full__sense__of_responsibility_will_make_me_a_qualified_teaching_assistant._I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_consideration.
Best_wishes.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
PAGEUnit
14
Careers
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．ough
adj.
困难的，费力的
2．sound
adj.
良好的；全面的
3．select
vt.
挑选
4．candidate
n.
候选人
5．eamwork
n.
协作，配合
6．qualification
n.
资格，资历→qualify
vt.
使具备资格；描述
7．negotiate
vi.
谈判，协商→negotiation
n.
谈判；协商
8．echnical
adj.
技术上的→technique
n.
技术；技巧；技能
9．adaptable
adj.
适应性强的→adapt
v.
适应于，适应；改编，改写
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．due_to由于
2．in_addition此外
3．apply_for申请
4
participate_in
参与
5．stand_out突出；显眼；出色
6．ake_on承担；雇用；呈现
7．distinguish...from...
把……与……区分开
8．assist
in
doing
sth.帮助做某事
9．take
risks
冒险
10．be
suitable
for
适合
11．communicate
with
sb.与某人沟通
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．as“因为，由于”，作连词，引导原因状语从句
I
would
also
like
to
learn
more
about
things
that
are
going
on
in
the
city
as
I
feel
that
it
is
important
to
know
about
the
city
we
live
in.
我也想获知更多在这个城市里发生的事情，因为我觉得了解我们生活的这个城市很重要。
2．since“因为”，作连词，引导原因状语从句
I
feel
hat
I
can
get
on
well
with
people
from
different
backgrounds,
since
I
have
worked
with
lots
of
different
people
on
many
projects
for
local
events.
我觉得我能跟来自不同背景的人相处得很好，因为我曾经与许多不同背景的人合作处理过许多当地事务。
3．“every＋基数词＋可数名词复数”，意为“每……，每隔……”
Today,
five
years
in
a
job
is
a
long
time
and
some
people
even
change
jobs
every_two_years.
如今，从事一份工作五年已经是很长时间，有些人甚至每两年换一份工作。
4．Here放句首引导完全倒装句式
Here_are
Tom's
and
Jane's
responses.
这是汤姆和简各自的回答。
approach
n.
接近；途径；方法 vt.
&
vi.
?距离上、时间上?接近；与某人打交道
(教材P32)The
job
market
has
changed
and
our
approach
to
finding
work
must
change
as
well.
如今的职业市场已经发生了变化，我们寻找工作的方法也要随之改变。
(1)approach作名词表示“方法，途径”时，后常接介词to。
(2)at
the
approach
of
快到……的时候
(3)make
approaches
to
sb.与某人交往/打交道，设法接近某人
(4)approach
sb.
for/about
sth.与某人接洽/商量/交涉某事
[即学即用]
(1)He
presents
a
new
approach
to
learning
foreign
language.
他提出了一种学习外语的新方法。
(2)As
Teachers'
Day
was
approaching,
our
class
decided
to
hold
a
party
to
celebrate
the
important
day
for
a
change
this
year.
随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
(3)单句语法填空
①Our
approaches
to
solving
(solve)
the
problem
are
wrong.
②All
the
approaches
o
the
airport
were
blocked
by
the
police.
③It
gets
cold
at
the
approach
of
winter.
[辨析比较]
approach
指从事某事的特别方法，途径。其后常与to连用
way
“方法”，普通用语。其前常与in搭配
method
指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。其前常与with搭配
means
指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。其前常与by搭配
(4)选词填空：approach/way/method/means
①Do
you
know
the
best
approach
to
solving
the
problem?
②Only
in
this
way
can
you
learn
maths
well.
③They
will
accomplish
their
new
project
by
this
means.
④He
earns
money
with
the
method
of
stealing
money.
2
(教材P32)Companies
prefer
to
select
people
with
the
ability
to
create
something
new,
on
their
own
and
in
a
team,
and
to
judge
what
will
and
will
not
be
successful.
公司更喜欢选择那些有能力独立地或在团体中创新，并能判断什么会成功，什么不会成功的人。
select...from... 从……中挑选出……
select...as...
选定……为……
select...for...
为……挑选……
select
sb.
to
do
sth.
挑选某人做某事
[即学即用]
(1)She
has
been
selected
for
the
national
team.
她已入选国家队。
(2)Most
of
the
delegates
to
the
conference
are
selected
from
advanced
workers.
出席大会的大多数代表是从先进工作者中挑选出来的。
(3)单句语法填空
①This
city
has
been
selected
as
the
site
for
the
coming
Olympic
Games.
②Simon
has
been
selected
o_go
(go)
to
attend
the
conference.
③Parents
should
be
careful
in
their
selection
(select)
of
the
movies
their
young
children
see.
[辨析比较]
choose
表示“选择”的一般性用语，指按照人的认识或判断来进行选择
pick
口头用语，指仔细地、精心地选择，含有挑剔的意思，一般指挑选有形的东西
select
指在广泛的范围内．经过慎重考虑，认真仔细地选择，并往往强调选出好的或适合的，去掉差的或不适合的，其淘汰意味较浓
(4)选词填空：select/choose/pick
①She
had
to
choose
between
giving
up
her
job
or
hiring
a
person
to
look
after
her
child.
②Our
shops
select
high－quality
products.
③Who
has
been
selected
to
take
part
in
the
competition?
④He
can
pick
out
his
friend
in
a
crowd
at
once.
(教材P32)Getting
on
well
with
others
and
having
skills
in
negotiating
and
giving
presentations
will
distinguish
one
candidate
from
another
and
give
him
or
her
an
advantage.
与别人友好相处以及具有谈判和介绍方面的技巧将使一名求职竞争者有别于其他人，并使他或她具有一定的优势。
(1)distinguish
between...and... 区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...
使……有别于……
distinguish
oneself
(as...)
(作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished
adj.
卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be
distinguished
for
sth.
以……而著称
(3)tell
A
from
B/between
A
and
B区分/辨别A与B
[即学即用]
(1)The
twins
are
so
alike.
It's
difficult
to
distinguish
one
from
the
other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难区别谁是谁。
(2)The
woman
could
not
distinguish
cotton
from
wool.
这位女士无法区分棉花和羊毛。
(3)单句语法填空
①At
what
age
are
children
able
o_distinguish
(distinguish)
between
right
and
wrong?
②Honestly,
I
look
up
to
you
for
your
distinguished
(distinguish)
achievements.
③He
was
distinguished
for
his
knowledge
of
economics
and
was
elected
as
head
of
the
economic
school.
[联想归纳] (1)distinguish...from＝tell...from辨别……与……
(2)distinguish
between...and...＝tell
the
difference
between...and...辨别……与……
1
(教材P30)I
am
writing
to
apply
for
a
position
at
Student
Post,
which
I
saw
advertised
in
the
school
newspaper
last
week.
我现在在写信申请《学生报》上的一个职位，该职位是我上周在校报的广告栏上看到的。
(1)apply
to
sb.
for
sth. 向某人申请某物
apply...to把……应用于；把……涂到……
apply
to/be
applied
to
适用于
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.专心致志于(做)某事，致力于……
(2)application
n.
申请；申请书；申请表；应用
(3)applicant
n.
申请人；应征者
[即学即用]
(1)In
order
to
increase
people's
awareness
of
protecting
polar
bears,
I
apply
for
the
spokesman
for
polar
bears
sincerely.
为了增强人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚地申请做北极熊的代言人。
(2)He
applied
to
the
manager
for
the
post
but
was
turned
down.
他向经理申请那个岗位，但被拒绝了。
(3)单句语法填空
①You
would
pass
your
exams
if
you
applied
yourself
to
going
(go)
over
your
lessons.
②If
the
constitution
said
that
all
people
were
free
and
equal,
then
she
thought
it
should
apply
o
her.
③She
applied
o
the
international
school
for
a
job
as
an
English
teacher.
④There
are
a
lot
of
applicants
(apply)
waiting
outside
the
hall.
2
(教材P30)I
think
I
would
be
a
good
journalist
due
to
my
language
skills.
我想我的语言能力会使我成为一个好记者。
due
adj. 预期的，到期的，应有的
be
due
to
do/for
sth.
预期/预计发生某事
be
due
to
sb.
应当付给某人的，应给予某人的
[即学即用]
(1)As
we
know,
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
due
to
the
global
climate
change.
众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。
(2)Rose
is
due
to
start
school
in
January.
罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
(3)单句语法填空
①Due
o
Jack's
tireless
efforts,
the
concert
was
a
huge
success.
②Bill's
plane
is
due
o_land
(land)
on
this
airport
at
10
tomorrow
morning.
③Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
o
them?
[联想归纳] 表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：
①owing
to ②because
of ③thanks
to ④as
a
result
of
⑤on
account
of ⑥as
a
consequence
of
3
(教材P30)In
addition,
I
am
also
a
good
photographer,
which
might
be
useful
for
some
of
the
articles.
此外，我还是一个好摄影师，这也许对一些文章有用。
?1?in
addition为副词词组，可以用作状语和插入语，指对前面讲到的事情从肯定的角度出发再加以补充。相当于besides或furthermore，可用于句首、句中和句末。用于句首、句中时，常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。
?2?in
addition
to为介词词组，相当于besides或as
well
as，后面要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
[即学即用]
(1)In
addition,
we
can
gradually
develop
a
closer
friendship
while
enjoying
these
activities.
此外，我们可以逐渐在享受这些活动的同时发展更密切的友谊。
(2)Aunt
Mary
gave
us
sandwiches
for
our
picnic
and
a
bag
of
cookies
in
addition.
玛丽姑姑为我们的野餐准备了一些三明治，此外，还给我们带了一包饼干。
(3)In_addition_to
an
album,
I
gave
him
a
pen
and
a
pencil.
除了一本相册外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
(4)In_addition,_we
should
learn
how
to
get
along
well
with
others.
此外，我们应该学会如何与人相处。
(5)单句改错
In
addition
to
give
a
general
introduction
to
computers,
the
course
also
provides
practical
experience.
give→giving
4
(教材P32)This
makes
the
job
market
very
tough
to
get
into
and
therefore
good
exam
grades
in
school
alone
do
not
make
an
applicant
stand
out
from
the
crowd.
这使劳动力市场很难进入，因此，仅凭学校考试的好成绩并不能使一个申请者在求职人群中脱颖而出。
stand
by 站在旁边；和……站在一起；支持
stand
for
代表；象征；支持
stand
up
站起来；起立
stand
up
to
经受得住，抵抗
[即学即用]
(1)Smiling
is
a
great
way
to
make
yourself
stand
out
and
help
your
body
to
function
better.
微笑是一种让你自己脱颖而出的伟大方式，同时帮助你把身体维持得更好。
(2)The
road
signs
stood
out
well
against
the
dark
background.
那些路标在黑色背景下十分醒目。
(3)How
can
you
stand_by
and
let
him
treat
his
dog
like
that?
他那样虐待他那只狗，你怎么能袖手旁观呢？
(4)The
letter
“x”
is
often
used
to
stand_for
an
unknown
number.
字母x常被用来代表一个未知数。
(5)This
cloth
is
designed
to
stand_up_to
a
lot
of
wear
and
tear.
这种布料设计得十分耐用。
5
(教材P32)What
message
does
the
author
want
to
get
across
to
the
reader?
作者想向读者传递什么信息？
get
along/on
with
与人和睦相处，(事情)进展
get
down
to
doing
sth.
开始做……；着手做……
get
in
进入；收获；插话
get
out
of
摆脱；从……出来
get
over
克服困难；从(疾病、失望中)走出来
get
through
通过；打通电话
[即学即用]
(1)Our
teacher
is
very
intelligent,
but
not
very
good
at
getting
his
ideas
across
to
the
students.
我们的老师很聪明，但是不善于让学生们理解他的想法。
(2)I
really
must
get
down
to
some
study.
我的确必须开始认真学点东西。
(3)用正确的介词、副词填空
①What
is
the
message
that
you
are
trying
to
get
across?
②She
gets
along
well
with
everybody
in
the
company.
③I'm
going
to
get
down
o
studying
English
this
term.
④The
window
was
far
too
small
for
him
to
get
hrough.
?教材P30?I
would
also
like
to
learn
more
about
things
that
are
going
on
in
the
city
as
I
feel
that
it
is
important
to
know
about
the
city
we
live
in.
我也想获知更多在这个城市里发生的事情，因为我觉得了解我们生活的这个城市很重要。
本句是as引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。
(1)as作连词可以
①引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；随着”
②引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”
③引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……”
④引导比较状语从句(as...as...)意为“像……一样”
(2)as作关系代词时可引导定语从句，意为“正如，好像”
(3)as作介词意为“作为，当作，像”
(4)as作副词表示“同样地，如同”
[即学即用]
(1)As
you
weren't
there,
I
left
a
message.
因为你不在，所以我留了个便条。
(2)As
I
was
riding
a
bike,
I
noticed
an
eagle
flying
after
me.
当我骑自行车的时候注意到一只鹰跟在我后面飞。
(3)ired_as/though_they_were,_the
students
went
on
practising.
尽管已经很疲乏，学生们仍继续练习。
(4)We'd
better
leave
things
as_they_are
until
the
police
arrive.
在警察到来之前，我们最好让现场保持原样。
(5)The
work
was
not
so
easy
as_you_imagined.
这项工作不像你想象的那么简单。
(教材P30)I
feel
that
I
can
get
on
well
with
people
from
different
backgrounds,
since
I
have
worked
with
lots
of
different
people
on
many
projects
for
local
events.
我觉得我能跟来自不同背景的人相处得很好，因为我曾经与许多不同背景的人合作处理过许多当地事务。
句中since引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，因为”。有类似用法的短语有now
that,
seeing
that等。
[辨析比较]
since
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由，通常被翻译成“既然”，较为正式，语气比because弱。相当于now
that
because
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引导的疑问句。可以用于强调句型
as
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活，常放于主句之前
for
通常作为并列连词引导并列句，表示原因。但这一原因只是对前句动作发生的一些辅助性的补充说明，所以它引导的句子，只能放后，并用逗号与前句隔开
[即学即用]
(1)We
thought
that,
since
we
were
in
the
area,
we'd
stop
and
see
him.
我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他。
(2)Seeing
that
it's
raining,
we'd
better
stay
indoors.
既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。
(3)Now
that
you
have
grown
up,
you
must
do
it
by
yourself.
既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。
(4)选词填空：since/because/as/for
①Since
you
can't
answer
the
question
perhaps
we'd
better
ask
someone
else.
②He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
③I
must
stop
writing
now,
as
I
have
rather
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
④I
can't
do
it
now
because
I'm
busy.
(教材P32)Today,
five
years
in
a
job
is
a
long
time
and
some
people
even
change
jobs
every
two
years.
如今，从事一份工作五年已经是很长时间，有些人甚至每两年换一份工作。
every
two
years在句中作时间状语，表示“每两年；每隔一年”。
(1)every＋基数词＋可数名词的复数形式，意为“每……，每隔……”
(2)every＋序数词＋可数名词的单数形式，意为“每……，每隔……”
(3)every＋few＋可数名词复数，意为“每隔几个……”
(4)every＋other＋可数名词单数，意为“每隔一……，每两……”，相当于every
two＋可数名词复数/every
second＋可数名词单数
[即学即用]
(1)Olympic
Games
are
held
every
fourth
year/every
four
years.
奥林匹克运动会每四年/每隔三年举办一次。
(2)That
behavior
occurs
once
every_few_months.
那种行为每隔几个月才出现一次。
(3)The
workers
have
the
hall
admitting
1,000
persons
cleaned
every_two_weeks/every_other_week/every_second_week.
工人每两周对容纳1
000人的礼堂打扫一次。
(4)Along
the
road,
there
was
a
guard
every_fifth_metre/every_
five_metres.
道路边上每5米处就有一名卫兵。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
have
found
a
new
approach
o
studying
English.
2．He
has
been
an
active
participant
(participate)
in
the
discussion.
3.
Since
you
can't
answer
the
question,
I'll
ask
someone
else.
4．I
go
to
the
cinema
every
hird
(three)
week.
5．Mr
Reed
was_selected
(select)
to
represent
us
on
the
committee.
6．In
addition
to
giving
(give)
me
some
advice,
he
gave
me
some
money.
7．He
was
selected
o_play
(play)
for
that
country's
national
soccer
team
in
2014.
8．He
was
late
for
such
an
important
meeting
due
o
the
traffic
jam.
9．Young
as/though
the
girl
is,
she
knows
how
to
deal
with
such
a
person.
10．Everyone
in
the
class
is
expected
to
participate
actively
in
these
discussions.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.
In_addition_to
mountains
of
homework,
students
today
are
busy
with
all
kinds
of
activities.
当今的学生除了堆积如山的作业外，还要忙着参加各种各样的活动。
2．Your
ability
to
stand_out
in
a
crowd
will
bring
you
the
recognition
you
desire.
你出众的能力将使你赢得所期望的认可。
3．If
you
apply_yourself_to
the
job
in
hand,
you'll
soon
finish
it.
如果你尽全力做你目前的工作，你将能很快地把它做完。
4．He
went
back
home
to
see
his
parents
every_two_weeks/
every_other_week/every_second_week.
他每两周回家看望一次父母。
5．I
think
that
it
is
hard
to
solve
traffic
problems,
since_there_are
_too_many_cars.
(since)
我认为交通问题很难解决，因为车辆太多了。
PAGEUnit
14
Careers
Section
Ⅳ Lesson
4
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．multiply
v.
大量增加；乘
2．branch
n.
分支，部门
3．envy
vt.
羡慕，妒忌
4．bother
vt.
烦扰；打扰
5．panic
v.
恐慌，惊惶
6．arithmetic
n.
算术
7．flexible
adj.
灵活的
8．respond
vi.
反应；回复，回答→response
n.
回答，回应
9．comfort
n.
舒适，安逸→comfortable
adj.
舒适的，安逸的
10．slave
n.
奴隶→slavery
n.
奴隶制度
11．judgement
n.
判断，判断力→judge
v.
判断；断定 n.
法官；审判员
12．decrease
v.
减少，降低→increase
v.
(反义词)增加
13．division
n.
部门；分割→divide
v.
分开，分割
14．operate
vi.
运转，运作 vt.
操作→operation
n.
操作；手术
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．keep_up_with跟上，赶上
2．in_case以防万一；万一
3．work_out计算出；弄清楚
4．ake_a_deep_breath深呼吸
5．without_doubt毫无疑问
6．a_variety_of各种各样的
7．respond
to
对……作出反应/答复
8．on
one's
own
独立地
9．above
all
最重要的是，首先
10．leave
behind
留下；丢弃；使落后
11．be
in
demand
需求，需要
12．have
an
advantage
有优势/长处
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”
There
are
currently
over
100,000,000
computers
in
the
world
and
by
2020
there
will
be
10_times_more.
目前全世界有一亿多台计算机，到2020年，这个数字将增加十倍。
2．not...but...“不是……而是……”，用于连接并列成分
It's
not
about
making
men
more
like
women,
but
helping
men
to
communicate
as
well.
其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人也能更好地沟通。
3．There
is/was
no
doubt
that...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句
here_is_no_doubt_that
all
this
new
technology
is
changing
the
way
we
work
and
offering
many
other
ways
of
working.
毫无疑问，所有这些新技术正在改变我们的工作方式，并提供许多其他的工作方式。
1.v.＋tion→n.
①qualification
资格 ②action
行为，作用
③pollution
污染
④explanation
解释
⑤communication
交流
⑥realization
实现
2．in＋n.→介词短语
①in
demand
需求
②in
need
需要
③in
trouble
麻烦中
④in
danger
危险中
⑤in
debt
负债
3．由“动词＋up
with”构成的短语：
①put
up
with
忍受
②come
up
with
想出
③catch
up
with
赶上
④be
fed
up
with
受够了，饱受，厌烦
⑤end
up
with
以……结束
课文预读
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Survival
of
the
Fittest
“Between
now
and
the
21st
century,
citizens
of
the
world's
richest
and
most
advanced
nations
will
find
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
keep
up
with①
the
demand
for
change.
For
them,
the
future
will
arrive
too
soon.”
So
begins
Alvin
Toffler's
book
Future
Shock,
written
back
in
1970.
Now
people
are
beginning
to
pay
attention
to②
Toffler's
ideas
because
the
speed
of
change
is
becoming
increasingly
fast.
It
is
sometimes
difficult
to
work
out③
the
patterns
of
change④.
What
should
you
do?
(1)First_of_all,_don't_panic.
Take
a
deep
breath⑤
and
try
to
get
a
sense
of
the
good
things
the
future
has
to
offer⑥.
You
don't
need⑦
to
be
Einstein
to
predict
the
job
areas
which
will
be
most
affected
by
such
change.
Jobs
in
farming,
coal
mining
and
heavy
industry
are
decreasing⑧
rapidly.
(2)On_the_other_hand,_the_service_industry,_the_media_and_information_technology_are_booming.
①keep
up
with跟上，赶上
catch
up
with赶上
keep
pace
with与……并驾齐驱
※it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to
keep
up
with
the
demand
for
change。
※过去分词短语written
back
in
1970作后置定语。
②pay
attention
to注意(to是介词)
③work
out解决；计算；算出
④the
patterns
of
change变化的规律
※It在此处作形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。
⑤take
a
deep
breath深吸一口气
⑥offer
v.
提供，供应
⑦need在此处是实义动词，其否定式借助于do/does构成。
※介词短语作定语，修饰名词jobs。
⑧decrease/dI'kri?s/v.
减少，降低
increase
v.
增加，增长适
者生存
[第1～3段译文]
阿尔文·托夫勒在1970年写的《未来的冲击》一书是这样开头的：“从现在起到21世纪，这个世界最富有和最先进的国家的公民将会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。对于他们来讲，未来会降临得太快。”
现在，由于变化的速度变得越来越快，人们开始关注托夫勒的预言。有时很难搞清变化的规律，你该如何应对呢？(1)首先，不要恐慌。深吸一口气，努力设想一下未来会发生的好事情。
即使你不是爱因斯坦，也能推测出哪些工作领域受这些变化的影响最大。农业、煤矿业和重工业的工作职位会迅速减少。
(2)而另一方面，服务行业、传媒和信息技术的发展势头良好。
Without
doubt⑨，
the
number
of⑩
jobs
in
information
technology
will
multiply?.
There
are
currently
over
100,000,000
computers
in
the
world
and
by
2020
there
will
be
10
times
more.
(3)Because_of_this,_people_who_work_with_computers_will_be_in_much_greater_demand.
There
are
also
many
other
important
changes
taking
place.
First,
fewer
and
fewer
people
will
have
a
“job
for
life”.
(4)Because_of_this,_workers_will_have_to_be_more_flexible.
According
to?
Mark
Hastings
of
the
Institute
of
Management,
in
the
future,
people
will
organise
their
working
life
around
a
variety
of?
jobs,
instead
of?
working
just
for
one
division?
or
branch?
of
a
company.,⑨without
doubt毫无疑问
⑩the
number
of...……的数量
“the
number
of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?multiply/'m?ltIplaI/v.
大量增加；乘
※10
times
more是一种省略结构的倍数表达法。
?according
to根据，按照
?a
variety
of(＝varieties
of)各种各样的
?instead
of代替，作为……的替换
?division/dI'vI??n/n.
部门；分隔
divide
v.
分开
?branch/brɑ?nt?/n.
分支，部门[第4～5段译文]
毫无疑问，信息技术领域的工作职位将会大幅度地增加。目前全世界有一亿多台计算机，到2020年，这个数字将增加十倍。(3)因此，对计算机工作人员的需求将会更大。
还有很多其他重要的变化发生。首先，那种有“终身职业”的人将越来越少。(4)因此，人们必须具有灵活性。管理学院的马克·黑斯廷斯指出，未来人们将围绕各种工作组织自己的职业生涯，而不会只服务于一家公司的一个部门或分支机构。
Similarly?，
companies
will
operate?
in
different
ways.
People
will
move
around
to
do
different
jobs,
rather
than?
moving
up
in
the
company
as
before.
Many
more
people
will
work
for
small,
dynamic?
companies
which
can
respond
quickly
to
changes
in
the
market.
Other
people
will
give
up
working
for
a
boss
and
start
their
own
businesses.
All
this
means
that
companies
will
require
people
who
are
flexible
and
can
work
on
their
own.
(5)They_will_also_need_people_who_can_work_together_and_get_on_well_in_a_team.
Good
communication
skills
will
be
extremely
important.
According
to
Dr
Laurence
Lyons
of
Future
Work,
women
will
be
envied
because
they
have
an
advantage
in
this
area.
James
Traeger,
spokesman
of
a
government
training
organisation,
explains
that
many
men
will
have
to
be
retrained.
“It's
not
about
making
men
more
like
women,
but
helping
men
to
communicate
as
well.”
Businesses
will
certainly
become
more
international.
English
will
probably
remain
the
international
business
language,
so
don't
bother
learning
Russian
or
Spanish.
(6)However,_understanding__other_people—their_minds,_culture_and_history—will_be_very_important.
Above
all，
a
manager
will
need
to
feel
comfortable
working
with
people
from
other
countries
and
continents.
?similarly
adv.类似地(在句中常作状语)
?operate/'?p?reIt/vi.
运转，运作 vt.操作
operation
n．手术
?rather
than而不是
?dynamic/daI'n?mIk/adj.
精力充沛的
respond/rI'sp?nd/vi.
反应；回复，回答
response
n.
回答，答复
※which引导定语从句，修饰先行词companies。
mean
v.
意味着
flexible/'fleksIb?l/adj.
灵活的，柔韧的
on
one's
own独立地
envy/'envi/vt.
羡慕，妒忌
envious
adj.
羡慕的；妒忌的
have
an
advantage有优势
advantage的反义词是disadvantage。
have/gain/win
an
advantage
over优于，胜过
take
advantage
of...利用……
to
one's
advantage对某人有利
※because引导原因状语从句。
※spokesman
of
a
government
training
organisation是James
Traeger的同位语。
not...but...不是……而是……(连接并列结构)
remain
v?link保持不变，仍然是
bother/'b???/vt.
烦扰；打扰
above
all最重要的是
after
all毕竟，到底
first
of
all首先
in
all总共，共计
continent/'k?ntIn?nt/n.
大陆，洲
※现在分词短语working...continents作伴随状语。
[第6～8段译文]
类似地，公司也将以不同的方式运转。人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会寻找不同的工作。更多人将会就职于小型且具有活力的公司，这样的公司能对市场变化做出快速反应。还有些人将放弃给老板打工，而开始做自己的生意。所有这些都意味着公司需要的将是富有灵活性和能够独立工作的员工。(5)他们还需要在团队里能够和别人愉快合作、融洽相处的人。
良好的沟通技巧至关重要。“未来工作论坛”的劳伦斯·莱昂斯博士指出，女性将受人羡慕，因为她们在这一领域占有优势。一家政府培训机构的发言人詹姆士·泰瑞格解释说，很多男性将不得不再次接受培训，“其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人也能更好地沟通。”
商业必定将变得更加国际化。英语可能还会是国际商务语言，所以不必费心去学习俄语或西班牙语。(6)但是，理解其他人，包括他们的思想、文化和历史，将会是非常重要的。首先，一位经理需要能够轻松自如地同来自其他国家和大洲的人共同工作。
New
technology
is
the
driving
force
behind
these
rapid
changes,
so
don't
get
left
behind.
You
don't
need
to
become
a
computer
expert,
but
you
must
consider
improving
your
computer
skills.
Work
with
more
than
one
program
in
case
you
have
to
use
them
at
work,
and
try
to
read
about
new
technology.
There
is
no
doubt
that
all
this
new
technology
is
changing
the
way
we
work
and
offering
many
other
ways
of
working.
Rather
than
going
into
an
office,
a
lot
of
people
are
connected
to
the
Internet
and
now
work
from
home.
Working
like
this
allows
you
to
live
where
you
want,
to
continue
your
studies
and
to
enjoy
the
comfort
of
having
a
lot
more
free
time.
However,
with
all
this
change,
let's
hope
that
it
also
helps
the
people
in
poor
countries
where
slave
labour
still
happens.
For
the
citizens
of
these
nations,
the
future
can't
arrive
soon
enough.
get
left为“get＋done”结构。
get
burnt烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
get
wounded受伤
get
paid拿工资
get
lost迷路
get
damaged受到破坏
in
case以防万一；万一
in
case
of(后接名词或代词)如果
※in
case引导条件状语从句。
※There
is
no
doubt
that...毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句。在肯定句中，doubt后的名词性从句常用whether，if连接；在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后的名词性从句常用that连接。此处用现在进行时表示某一状况正在进行。
comfort/'k?mf?t/n.
舒适，安逸
comfortable
adj.
舒适的
※动名词短语Working
like
this作主语。动词不定式短语to
live...，to
continue...and
to
enjoy...作宾补，其中where引导地点状语从句。
[第9～10段译文]
新技术是这些快速变化背后的驱动力，因此千万不能落后。你不必成为一名计算机专家，但你必须考虑提高自己的计算机技能。学习几种软件以备工作之需，并努力了解新的技术。
毫无疑问，所有这些新技术正在改变我们的工作方式，并提供许多其他的工作方式。现在很多人不去办公室，而是与互联网连接，在家里办公。这样的工作方式使你能够住在想住的地方，继续学业，并且享受拥有更多自由时间的舒适生活。然而，希望所有这些改变也能帮助仍然有苦役劳动的贫穷国家的人们改善生活。对于这些国家的人们来讲，这样的未来不会在近期实现。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
The
text
mainly
tells
us
about
different_changes
in
the
future.
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．When
it
comes
to
changes
in
the
future,
it
is
necessary
for
people
to
have
minds
like
famous
scientists'
to
understand
the
changes.( F )
2．Small
companies
in
the
future
can
be
more
popular
with
more
people
because
the
companies
can
adapt
to
changes
quickly.( T )
3．The
changes
in
technology
will
have
an
influence
on
the
way
we
work.( T )
4．In
the
near
future,
jobs
in
farming,
coal
mining
will
disappear.( F )
5．It
is
certain
that
women
in
the
future
will
have
more
advantages
over
men
in
most
fields.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．From
the
text,
“future
shock”
refers
to
“
________
”．
A．a
large
number
of
jobs
B．advanced
technology
with
more
power
C．the
changes
between
women
and
men
D．the
speed
of
changes
in
life
and
work
答案：D
2．As
to
the
changes
in
the
future,
which
is
NOT
mentioned
in
the
text?
A．Technology.
B．The
use
of
energy.
C．The
operation
of
companies.
D．Men's
and
women's
roles.
答案：B
3．What
benefit
can
people
get
from
the
new
situations
in
the
future?
A．People
won't
go
to
the
office
any
more.
B．People
throughout
the
world
will
have
equal
rights.
C．People
will
have
more
free
time.
D．People
will
have
the
same
work
for
a
long
time.
答案：C
4．What
are
the
companies
in
the
future
like?
A．They
are
more
stable.
B．They
have
more
employees.
C．Their
workers
should
speak
at
least
three
languages.
D．They
have
different
operations.
答案：D
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Survival
of
the
Fittest
Now,
the
speed
of
change
is
becoming
__1__
(increasing)
fast.
What
should
we
do
__2__
(keep)
up
with
it?
Let's
take
a
deep
breath
and
try
to
sense
the
good
things
the
future
offers.
The
job
areas
will
be
most
affected
by
technological
change.
Jobs
in
farming
and
heavy
industry
are
decreasing
__3__
the
service
industry
and
the
media
are
booming.
__4__
doubt,
the
number
of
jobs
in
IT
will
multiply.
There
are
also
many
other
important
changes
__5__
(take)
place.
The
job
is
getting
more
__6__
more
flexible.
__7__
the
same
way,
companies
will
change
to
be
__8__
(dynamic).
Good
communication
skills
will
be
__9__
(extreme)
important.
New
technology
is
the
driving
force,
so
don't
get
__10__
(leave)
behind.
1．increasingly 2.o_keep 3.while 4.Without 5.aking
6．and 7.In 8.more_dynamic 9.extremely 10.left
1
(教材P28)Jobs
in
farming,
coal
mining
and
heavy
industry
are
decreasing
rapidly.
农业、煤矿业和重工业的工作职位会迅速减少。
(1)decrease
to... 减少到
decrease
by...
减少了
decrease
from...to...
从……减少到……
(2)on
the
decrease
在减少，在下降
a
decrease
in...
在……方面减少
(3)increase
v.
&
n．增加，提高
[即学即用]
(1)People
should
decrease
the
amount
of
fat
they
eat.
人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。
(2)The
average
house
prices
decreased
by
13%
last
year.
去年的平均房价下降了13%。
(3)In
recent
years,
there
has
been
a
decrease
in
our
imports.
近年来，我们的进口减少了。
(4)单句语法填空
①The
sales
of
this
product
have
decreased
from
seven
million
o
five
million.
②The
number
of
cyclists
running
traffic
lights
is
on
the
decrease.
③The
production
of
this
kind
of
car
has
decreased
by
ten
percent.
operate
vi.
运转，运作；动手术；经营，营业 vt.
操作；使用；使运转
(教材P28)Similarly,
companies
will
operate
in
different
ways.
类似地，公司也将以不同的方式运转。
(1)operate
well/badly 运转/经营得好/坏
operate
on
sb.
(for...)
(因……)给某人动手术
(2)operation
n.
操作；经营；运转；手术
put
sth.
into
operation
实施，使……运转
[即学即用]
(1)My
uncle
operates
two
companies
in
the
south.
我叔叔在南方经营着两家公司。
(2)We'll
have
to
operate
on
the
little
girl
because
her
life
is
in
danger.
我们得给这个小女孩动手术因为她有生命危险。
(3)It's
reported
that
the
local
government
will
bring/put
the
new
law
into
operation
next
month.
据报道当地政府将于下个月实施这部新法律。
(4)单句语法填空
①This
machine
is
very
easy
o_operate
(operate).
Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
②I'm
afraid
that
your
leg
will
have
to
be
operated
on
;
there's
no
other
way
to
stop
the
pain.
③How
long
has
the
company
been
in
operation
(operate)?
3
(教材P28)Many
more
people
will
work
for
small,
dynamic
companies
which
can
respond
quickly
to
changes
in
the
market.
更多人将会就职于小型且具有活力的公司，这样的公司能对市场变化做出快速反应。
(1)respond
to回答；对……作出反应；(对治疗等)有良好反应
respond
with
a
smile 以微笑作为回答
respond
to...with/by
doing...通过做……回答/回复……
(2)response
n.
回答，答复；反应；响应
in
response
to
作为……的回应
make
a
quick
response
to
对……做出快速反应
[即学即用]
(1)He
quickly
made
response
to
my
suggestion，which
made
me
very
surprised.
他对我的建议迅速做出回应，这使我非常惊讶。
(2)The
interviewer
didn't
respond
to
any
of
her
e－mails.
这位面试官对她的电子邮件没有做任何回应。
(3)单句语法填空
①He
responded
o
my
suggestion
with
a
laugh/laughing.
②The
product
was
developed
in
response
(respond)
to
customers'
demands.
③Without
doubt,
she
has
responded
well
o
the
treatment.
4
(教材P28)According
to
Dr
Laurence
Lyons
of
Future
Work,
women
will
be
envied
because
they
have
an
advantage
in
this
area.
“未来工作论坛”的劳伦斯·莱昂斯博士指出，女性将受人羡慕，因为她们在这一领域占有优势。
(1)envy
sb.
sth. 羡慕某人某物
envy
sb.
doing
sth.
因做某事妒忌或羡慕某人
(2)(green)with
envy
非常妒忌地
be
the
envy
of
成为妒忌或羡慕的对象
out
of
envy
出于嫉妒
[即学即用]
(1)She
envied
me
my
good
fortune.
她羡慕我的好运气。
(2)I
envy
you
having
such
a
close
family.
我羡慕你有一个如此亲密的家庭。
(3)His
splendid
new
car
was
the
envy
of
all
his
friends.
他那辆豪华的新汽车是他所有朋友羡慕的东西。
(4)They
only
say
such
unkind
things
about
you
out_of_envy.
他们是出于忌妒才讲了你那么多的坏话。
(5)Her
friends
looked
at
her
new
car
with_envy.
朋友们羡慕地看着她的新车。
bother
v.
烦扰；打扰；使烦恼；使困惑，使不安n.
麻烦；困难
(教材P28)English
will
probably
remain
the
international
business
language,
so
don't
bother
learning
Russian
or
Spanish.
英语可能还会是国际商务语言，所以不必费心去学习俄语或西班牙语。
(1)bother
sb.
about/with
sth. 因某事而打扰某人
bother
to
do/doing
sth.
特地做某事
It
bothers
sb.
that/to
do...使某人感到烦恼的是……
why
bother没有必要吧；何必那么麻烦
(2)bother
n.
打扰，麻烦
have
much
bother
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有麻烦/费劲
put
sb.
to
any
bother
给某人添……麻烦
[即学即用]
(1)It
bothered
us
that
the
production
didn't
return
to
normal.
让我们操心的是生产还没恢复到原状。
(2)Will
it
bother
you
if
I
talk
with
you
just
a
moment?
如果我和你谈一会儿，不会打扰你吧？
(3)I
don't
want
to
put
him
to
any
bother,
so
I
try
doing
it
by
myself.
我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
don't
want
to
bother
him
with
my
problems
at
the
moment.
②He
didn't
bother
o_answer/answering
(answer)
personally.
③It
bothers
me
that
he
hasn't
been
telling
me
the
truth.
④We
had
much
bother
in
repairing
the
press
machine.
6
(教材P28)Working
like
this
allows
you
to
live
where
you
want,
to
continue
your
studies
and
to
enjoy
the
comfort
of
having
a
lot
more
free
time.
这样的工作方式使你能够住在想住的地方，继续学业，并且享受拥有很多自由时间的舒适生活。
(1)take
comfort
from/in... 从……中寻求安慰
in
comfort
舒适地；安慰地
(2)comfortable
adj.
舒服的；舒适的
comfortably
adv.
舒服地；舒适地
[即学即用]
(1)My
teacher
comforted
me,
saying
“Don't
worry.
You
can
do
better
next
time.”
老师安慰我说：“别担心，下次你会做得更好。”
(2)After
retirement,
he
took
comfort
from
reading.
退休后他从阅读中寻找安慰。
(3)单句语法填空
①They
had
enough
money
to
live
in
comfort
in
their
old
age.
②I
put
some
pine
branches
into
the
basket
to
make
this
nest
safe
and
comfortable
(comfort)．
③Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.
7
(教材P29)First
of
all,
don't
panic.
首先，不要恐慌。
(1)panic
sb.
into
doing
sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)be
in
a
panic
在惊慌中
get
into
a
panic
陷入恐慌
in
panic
惊慌失措地
cause
a
panic
引起恐慌
(3)panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked；现在分词是panicking。
[即学即用]
(1)Faced
with
the
unusual
situation,
he
panicked
and
trembled.
面对这种异常局面，他恐慌并且发抖。
(2)When
the
theater
caught
fire,
there
was
a
panic.
剧院失火引起一阵恐慌。
(3)Shoppers
are
panicked
into_buying_things
they
don't
need.
购物者慌乱之中买了并不需要的东西。
(4)She
got_into_a_panic
when
she
thought
she'd
lost
her
homework.
想到自己把作业丢了，她惊慌失措。
(5)The
protests
became
more
violent
and
many
people
left_the_country_in_panic.
抗议变得更加激烈，许多人惊慌失措地离开了这个国家。
1
(教材P28)Between
now
and
the
21st
century,
citizens
of
the
world's
richest
and
most
advanced
nations
will
find
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
keep
up
with
the
demand
for
change.
从现在起到21世纪，这个世界最富有和最先进的国家的公民将会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。
keep
up
坚持；保持
keep
back
保留；隐瞒
keep
fit
保持健康
keep
in
touch
with
与……保持联系
keep
off
(使)不接近；避开
keep...out
of...
使……不进入……
keep
on
继续保持
[即学即用]
(1)There
is
no
doubt
that
the
Internet
makes
communication
easier
and
helps
us
keep
up
with
the
latest
information.
毫无疑问，因特网使交流更容易了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。
(2)Walk
faster,
and
try
to
keep
up
with
others.
走快点，尽力跟上其他人。
(3)We
had
to
think
of
a
way
to
keep_off
the
infection.
我们得想个办法防止感染。
(4)She
wore
a
hat
to
keep
the
sun
out_of
her
eyes.
她戴上帽子遮阳，保护眼睛。
(5)Though
she
is
very
old,
she
likes
to
keep_up_with
the
latest
fashions.
虽然一大把年纪了，她仍喜欢赶时髦。
2
(教材P28)Work
with
more
than
one
program
in
case
you
have
to
use
them
at
work,
and
try
to
read
about
new
technology.
学习几种程序以备工作之需，并努力了解新的技术。
in
case
of... 假使……；如果发生……
in
this/that
case
如果这样/那样的话
in
no
case
绝不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首，句子要倒装)
in
any
case
无论如何，不管怎样
as
is
often
the
case
情况常常如此
[即学即用]
(1)It
was
considerate
of
Michael
to
inform
us
of
his
delay
in
case
we
got
worried.
迈克尔通知我们他的延误以防我们担心，他真是考虑周全。
(2)It
may
not
rain,
but
you'd
better
take
an
umbrella
in
case.
可能不会下雨，但是你最好还是带上雨伞，以防万一。
(3)In
case
of
fire,
ring
the
alarm
bell.
如有火灾，按警铃。
(4)选用case相关短语填空
①In_case
anything
important
happens,
please
call
me
up.
②In_no_case
will
I
turn
against
my
motherland.
③As_is_often_the_case,_solving
one
problem
can
cause
or
uncover
another.
④The
wall
was
built
along
the
river
in_case_of
floods.
⑤He
may
be
busy,
in_that_case
I'll
call
later.
(教材P28)There
are
currently
over
100,000,000
computers
in
the
world
and
by
2020
there
will
be
10
times
more.
目前全世界有一亿多台计算机，到2020年，这个数字将增加十倍。
本句中10
times
more是表达倍数的一种方法。
倍数表达法的常用句型有：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.
原级＋as＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.
比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
[即学即用]
(1)Shandong
University
is
three
times
bigger
than
ours.
山东大学是我们学校的三倍大。
(2)The
red
ruler
is
three
times
as
long
as
the
yellow
one.
＝The
red
ruler
is
three
times
longer
than
the
yellow
one.
＝The
red
ruler
is
three
times
he_length
of
the
yellow
one.
这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
(3)The
population
now
in
this
village
is
five_times_what_it_was
ten
years
ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
[联想归纳] 在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。
?教材P28?It's
not
about
making
men
more
like
women，
but
helping
men
to
communicate
as
well.,其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男士有良好的沟通。
not...but...意思是“不是……，而是……”，连接两个成分。
not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。
适用于就近原则的还有：not
only...but
also...不但……而且……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；either...or...或者……或者……
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
not
how
much
you
read
but
what
you
read
that
counts.
重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了些什么。
(2)Not
one
but
eight
machines
were
bought.
不是买了一台机器，而是买了八台机器。
(3)He
failed
not_because
he
wasn't
clever
but_because
he
didn't
work
hard.
他失败了，不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。
(4)Not_only
the
students
but_also
the
teacher
likes
holidays.
不但学生们而且老师也喜欢假期。
(5)What
surprised
me
most
was
not_what_he_said_but_the_way
he
said
it.
最让我惊讶的不是他说了什么，而是他说话的方式。
?教材P28?There
is
no
doubt
that
all
this
new
technology
is
changing
the
way
we
work
and
offering
many
other
ways
of
working.,毫无疑问，所有这些新技术正在改变着我们的工作方式，而且还提供给我们许多其他的工作方式。
There
is
no
doubt
that...(＝no
doubt)“毫无疑问……”，这是一个常用句型，that引导的是同位语从句，用来说明doubt的具体内容。
(1)There
is
some
doubt
whether...……不太确定；不确定是否……
There
is
no
doubt
about... 毫无疑问……
(2)I
doubt
whether/if...
我怀疑是否……
I
don't
doubt
that...
我不怀疑……
[即学即用]
(1)There
is
no
doubt
that
air
pollution
is
an
extremely
serious
problem,
so
strong
measures
should
be
taken
to
deal
with
it.
毫无疑问，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，因此应该采取有力措施来解决它。
(2)I
doubt
whether/if
she
will
be
qualified
for
the
job.
我怀疑她是否能胜任那份工作。
(3)单句语法填空
①There
is
some
doubt
whether
their
football
team
will
win
the
match.
②I
don't
doubt
hat
a
friendly
and
harmonious
environment
is
of
great
importance
to
us
all.
我确信一个友好而又和谐的环境对我们大家来说都很重要。
③I
doubt
whether/if
he
will
keep
his
word.
我怀疑他是否会信守自己的诺言。
[联想归纳]
doubt
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My
deskmate
bought
a
fashionable
mobile
phone,
and
we
all
looked
at
her
with
envy.
2．You'd
better
go
there
by
train.
The
train
ticket
is
three
times
cheaper
han
the
airplane
ticket.
3．In
my
judgement
(judge),
we
should
accept
their
apologies.
4．There
is
a
deep
division
(divide)
in
the
party
over
the
war.
5．When
asked,
the
director
responded
(response)
that
he
remained
optimistic.
6．The
guests
had
a
lot
of
bother
finding
(find)
their
way
here.
7．The
man
panicked
the
old
woman
into
leaving
the
village.
8．Not
Tom's
parents
but
Tom
wants
(want)
to
go
fishing
tomorrow.
9．I
believe
that
you
can
work
out
this
problem
by
yourself.
10．I
couldn't
sleep
because
the
bed
was
so
uncomfortable
(comfort)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It
is
not
how
much
we
do
but
how
much
love
we
put
into
what
we
do
that
benefits
our
work
most.
能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。
2.
More_than_one
person
has
been
concerned
in
this
matter.
不止一个人与这件事有牵连。
3．She
has
kept_up_with
some
of
her
friends
since
her
retirement.
退休后，她一直同一些朋友保持着联系。
4.
here_is_no_doubt_that_work_is_very_important,_but
you
can't
neglect
your
family.
毫无疑问，工作很重要，但你也不可忽视家庭。
5．A
local
newspaper
remarks
that
the
crime
is
on_the_decrease.
一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件正在减少。
6.
In_response_to
the
customers'
complaints,
the
company
reviewed
its
service
procedure.
作为对顾客投诉的回应，公司检查了其服务流程。
7．My
father
taught
me
how
to
operate_the_new_machine.
我父亲教我怎样使用那台新机器。
8.
In_case_of
fire,
press
the
red
button
and
leave
the
room
quickly.
万一着火，按红色按钮并迅速离开房间。
PAGEUnit
14
Careers
Section
Ⅲ Grammar
单元语法项目(一)——间接引语(Ⅰ)转述他人的命令或要求
[语法图解]
[观察]
①“Could
you
lend
me
a
pen？”
→Peter
asked
me
to
lend
him
a
pen.
②“Don't
lose
the
receipt.
It's
important.”
→The
salesgirl
instructed
the
shopper
not
to
lose
the
receipt.
③“Check
for
errors,
please.”
→The
teacher
ordered
the
class
to
check
for
errors.
④“Why
don't
you
take
me
for
a
picnic？”
he
asked.
→He
advised
me
to
take
him
for
a
picnic.
⑤He
said,
“Let's
go
to
the
movies.”
→He
suggested
that
they
should
go
to
the
movies.
⑥“Would
you
like
to
see
my
flat？”
she
asked.
→She
asked
me
whether/if
I
would
like
to
see
her
flat.
→She
asked
me
to
see
her
flat.
[发现]
(1)直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时把祈使句转换成
不定式
作宾语补足语，动词用
order/ask/instruct/suggest
等。如句②、句③、句⑤。
(2)直接引语为委婉祈使句，变间接引语时把委婉祈使句转换成
不定式，动词用
ask/advise
等，如句①、句④。
(3)直接引语为以Let's...开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用“
suggest
that...
”句式转换。如句⑤。
(4)表示请求的一般疑问句(如句⑥)变为间接引语有两种方式：将直接引语的内容变为由
if
或
whether
引导的宾语从句或用
ask_sb._to_do_sth.
结构。
一、直接引语与间接引语的含义
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：
(1)放在引号内，不用连词连接，直接引述别人的原话称为直接引语(direct
speech)。
(2)不用引号，通常用连词连接主句，用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语(indirect
speech)，常常用宾语从句来表达。
Mr
Black
said,
“I'm
busy.”
布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”(直接引语)
Mr
Black
said
that
he
was
busy.
布莱克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)
[即学即用1]
将直接引语变为间接引语
(1)“Keep
quiet,
children，”
he
said.
→He
old_the_children_to_keep
quiet.
(2)“Don't
tell
the
news
to
him，”
she
said
to
me.
→She
advised
me
not_to_tell
the
news
to
him.
→She
advised
that
I
should_not_tell
the
news
to
him.
二、祈使句的直接引语与间接引语的变换
当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语时主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语中的语气变换成“引述动词＋(not)to
do”结构：
(1)直接引语：主语＋动词＋“祈使句”。
(2)间接引语：主语＋引述动词＋sb.
(not)
to
do。
“Bring
me
a
cup
of
tea,
please，”
she
said
to
him.
“请给我一杯茶。”她对他说。
→She
asked
him
to
bring
her
a
cup
of
tea.
她要求他给她带一杯茶来。
“Don't
make
any
noise，”
she
said
to
the
children.
“不要发出任何噪音，”她对孩子们说。
→She
told
(ordered)
the
children
not
to
make
any
noise.
她告诉孩子们不要发出任何噪音。
[联想归纳]
(1)表示建议、请求语气用ask/advise
sb.
(not)
to
do。
(2)表示安排、吩咐语气用tell
sb.
(not)
to
do。
(3)表示命令、指示语气用order
sb.
(not)
to
do。
(4)表示提醒、警告语气用remind/warn
sb.
(not)
to
do。
[即学即用2]
单句语法填空
(1)John
was
very
angry
about
it
and
told
me
not
o_do
(do)
that
again.
(2)We
have
asked
Tom
o_come
(come)
for
dinner
on
Friday
evening.
(3)Smoking
can
do
great
harm
to
health,
so
the
headteacher
clearly
told
the
boy
students
not
o_smoke
(smoke)
any
more.
(4)The
teacher
asked
us
o_finish
(finish)
our
homework.
单元语法项目(二)——间接引语(Ⅱ)转述他人所说的话
[语法图解]
[观察]
①Kate
told
Henry,
“I
will
come
here
to
watch
these
programs
tomorrow.”
→Kate
told
Henry
that
she
would
go
there
to
watch
those
programs
the
next
day.
②Mrs
Li
asked
Chen
Fei,
“Are
you
interested
in
English？”
→Mrs
Li
asked
Chen
Fei
if/whether
he
was
interested
in
English.
③Linda
asked,
“You
like
the
food,
don't
you？”
→Linda
asked
(me)
if/whether
I
liked
the
food.
④Tom
asked,
“Where
are
my
sports
shoes,
Mom？”
→Tom
asked
his
mom
where
his
sports
shoes
were.
⑤He
asked,
“Where
are
you
to
get
off,
John？”
→He
asked
John
where
he
was
to
get
off.
⑥He
said,
“Do
you
like
to
eat
apples
or
oranges？”
→He
asked
(me)
whether
I
liked
to
eat
apples
or
oranges.
[发现]
直接引语变为间接引语时要注意：
(1)语序的变化，如例句②③④⑤⑥；
(2)人称的变化，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；
(3)时态的变化，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；
(4)提示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词的变化，如例句①。
一、语序变化
当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。
(1)直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时，原来的疑问句语序，即倒装语序要变为陈述语序。
(2)直接引语变为间接引语，其句子结构一般要发生变化。
直接引语
间接引语
陈述句
that引导的宾语从句
一般疑问句
if/whether引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句
由原疑问词引导的宾语从句
祈使句
在引述动词后作补足语
He
said
to
me,
“I've
left
my
book
in
your
room.”
→He
told
me
that
he
had
left
his
book
in
my
room.
他告诉我，他把书落在我的房间里了。
She
said,
“Do
you
often
come
here
to
read
newspapers？”
→She
asked
me
if/whether
I
often
went
there
to
read
newspapers.
她问我是否经常去那里看报纸。
“Where
do
you
live？”
he
asked
me.
→He
asked
me
where
I
lived.
他问我住在哪里。
His
father
said
to
him,
“Leave
the
door
open.”
→His
father
told
him
to
leave
the
door
open.
他爸爸告诉他开着门。
He
said
to
her,
“Don't
forget
to
post
the
letter.”
→He
told
her
not
to
forget
to
post
the
letter.
他告诉她不要忘记寄信。
[即学即用1]
将直接引语变为间接引语
(1)“Have
you
seen
the
film？”
he
asked
me.
→He
asked
me
if/whether_I_had_seen_the_film.
(2)I
asked
him,
“When
did
you
begin
to
learn
English？”
→I
asked
him
when
he
began_to_learn_English.
(3)“Keep
quiet,
children.”
he
said.
→He
told
the
children
o_keep_quiet.
(4)The
teacher
said
to
us,
“Please
sit
down.”
→The
teacher
asked
us
o_sit_down.
二、时态的变化
(1)引述动词若为现在时态，直接引语变为间接引语，时态一般不发生变化。但引述动词如果用过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时要变成各种相应的过去时态。通常是相应地向前推一个，一般变化如下：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
“I
never
get
up
before
8
am
on
Sundays，”
said
he.
→He
said
that
he
never
got
up
before
8
am
on
Sundays.
他说他星期天上午8点之前从不起床。
Lisa
said,
“My
brother
is
doing
his
homework.”
→Lisa
said
that
her
brother
was
doing
his
homework.
莉萨对我说她弟弟正在做作业。
The
mother
said
to
her
son,
“Did
you
clean
your
bedroom
yesterday？”
→The
mother
asked
her
son
if
he
had
cleaned
his
bedroom
the
day
before.
妈妈问儿子前一天有没有打扫他的卧室。
Tom
said，“I
have
not
heard
from
Jim
since
February.”
→Tom
said
that
he
had
not
heard
from
Jim
since
February.
汤姆说自从二月份以来他就没收到过吉姆的信。
He
said,
“I
will
wait
for
you
at
the
same
place
tomorrow.”
→He
said
that
he
would
wait
for
me
at
the
same
place
the
next
day.
他说他第二天会在同一个地方等我。
Bob
told
me,
“I
had
lived
here
for
years
before
I
moved
out.”
→Bob
told
me
that
he
had
lived
there
for
years
before
he
moved
out.
鲍勃告诉我，他在那儿住了多年才搬走。
(2)直接引语如果是客观真理或事实，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Our
teacher
said,
“The
moon
moves
around
the
earth.”
→Our
teacher
said
that
the
moon
moves
around
the
earth.
我们老师说月球绕着地球转。
[即学即用2]
将直接引语变为间接引语
(1)He
said,
“I
have
seen
the
film.”
→He
said
that
he
had_seen_the_film.
(2)The
teacher
asked
him,
“Can
you
finish
this
job
today？”
→The
teacher
asked
him
if
he
could_finish_that_job
that
day.
(3)My
father
said,
“The
sun
is
bigger
than
the
moon.”
→My
father
said
that
he_sun_is_bigger_than_the_moon.
三、人称的变化
直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时也要有相应的变化。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。
原则
说明
一随主
直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。
二随宾
直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。
第三人称不更新
直接引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。
She
said,
“My
brother
wants
to
go
with
me.”
→She
said
that
her
brother
wanted
to
go
with
her.
她说她弟弟想跟她一起去。
He
said
to
me,
“Are
you
coming
tomorrow？”
→He
asked
me
if
I
was
coming
the
next
day.
他问我第二天是否要来。
The
librarian
said,
“You
may
have
this
book
for
one
week.”
→The
librarian
said
that
I
might
have
that
book
for
one
week.
图书馆管理员说那本书我可以借一个星期。
Mr
Smith
said,
“Jack
is
a
good
workmate.”
→Mr
Smith
said
that
Jack
was
a
good
workmate.
史密斯先生说杰克是个不错的同事。
He
said,
“Mary
was
here
one
week
ago.”
→He
said
that
Mary
had
been
there
one
week
before.
他说玛丽一周前在那里待过。
[即学即用3]
将直接引语变为间接引语
(1)“I
am
a
teacher，”
Jack
said.
→Jack
said
that
he_was_a_teacher.
(2)She
said
to
Tom,
“Can
you
help
me？”
→She
asked
Tom
if
he_could_help_her.
(3)She
said,
“I
read
the
book
while
I
was
waiting
for
a
bus.”→She
said
she
had
read
the
book
while
she_was_waiting_for_the_bus.
四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
(1)直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词会发生相应的变化。常见情况如下表所示：
直接引语
间接引语
this
that
these
those
today
that
day
this
morning/afternoonevening,
etc.
that
morning/afternoon/evening,
etc.
yesterday
the
day
before/the
previous
day
the
day
before
yesterday
two
days
before
tomorrow
the
next
day/the
following
day
the
day
after
tomorrow
in
two
days'
time/two
days
later
next
week/month/year,
ect.
the
next
week/month/year，etc.;
the
following
week/month/year,
etc.
last
week/month/year,
etc.
the
week/month/year
before,
etc.；the
previous
week/month/year,
etc.
two
weeks/months/years
ago
two
weeks/months/years
before
now
then
here
there
come
go
bring
take
(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
Kevin
said
to
me,
“These
photos
were
taken
ten
years
ago.”
→Kevin
told
me
that
those
photos
had
been
taken
ten
years
before.
凯文告诉我说那些照片是10年前拍的。
He
said,
“I
didn't
come
here
yesterday.”
→He
said
that
he
hadn't
gone
there
the
day
before.
他说他前一天没有去那里。
[即学即用4]
将直接引语变为间接引语
(1)“Where
have
you
been
these
days？”
he
asked.
→He
asked
me
where
I_had_been_those_days.
(2)Peter
said,
“I
haven't
seen
her
today.”
→Peter
said
that
he_hadn't_seen_her_that_day.
(3)The
witness
said,
“This
happened
yesterday.”
→The
witness
said
that
hat_had_happened_the_day_before.
(4)The
woman
said,
“I
arrived
two
days
ago.”
→The
woman
said
that
she_had_arrived_two_days_before.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
told
Bob
o_turn
(turn)
off
the
TV
since
it
was
too
late.
2．My
parents
asked
me
o_get
(get)
home
earlier
the
day
before.
3．“Would
you
please
not
go
(go)
there？”
he
asked.
4．She
wanted
him
o_sing
(sing)
for
her
friends.
5．The
policeman
told
the
boys
not
o_play
(play)
in
the
street.
6．The
teacher
asked
him
if/whether
he
could
finish
that
job
that
day.
7．Our
headteacher
saw
the
empty
seat
next
to
me
and
asked
where
Jeff
had
gone.
8．The
boy
asked
me
whether
he
could
use
my
(I)
bike
for
a
moment.
9．Li
Fang
old
(tell)
me
that
Wang
Hua
was
waiting
for
me
outside
of
the
school
gate.
10．The
teacher
told
us
that
light
ravels
(travel)
much
faster
than
sound
and
this
was
why
you
saw
the
lighting
first
and
then
heard
the
thunder.
Ⅱ.将下列句子改为间接引语
1．“Where
will
you
go
tomorrow？”
Mother
asked
me.
→Mother
asked
me
where
I
would_go_the_next_day.
2．The
old
woman
said
to
me,
“Please
lock
the
door
for
me.”
→The
old
woman
asked_me_to_lock
the
door
for
her.
3．The
boy
told
his
teacher,
“We
went
to
an
exhibition
yesterday.”
→The
boy
told
his
teacher
that
they
had_gone_to
an
exhibition
he_day_before.
4．He
said,
“I'll
go
to
the
station
to
see
off
a
friend
of
mine
this
afternoon.”
→He
said
that
he
would_go
to
the
station
to
see
off
a
friend
of
his_that
afternoon.
5．“Don't
forget
to
give
the
note
to
my
husband，”
she
said
to
me.
→She
old_me_not_to_forget_to_give_the_note_to_her
husband.
6．“Mum,
could
you
help
me
find
my
watch？”
he
said.
→He
asked_his_mother_to_help_him_find_his
watch.
7.“Use
your
knife
to
cut
the
apple
in
half！”
the
teacher
said
to
the
pupil.
→The
teacher
ordered_the_pupil_to_use_his
knife
to
cut
the
apple
in
half.
8．“Don't
waste
too
much
time
on
entertainment！”
Mother
said
to
me.
→Mother
old_me_not_to_waste
too
much
time
on
entertainment.
9．“Will
you
stop
watching
TV
and
go
to
bed
early,
boys？”
Mother
said.
→Mother
asked_the_boys_to_stop
watching
TV
and
go
to
bed
early.
10．John
said
to
Mary,
“Do
you
remember
I
borrowed
a
diamond
necklace
from
you？”
→John
asked
Mary
if/whether_she_remembered_he_had_borrowed
a
diamond
necklace
from
her.
PAGEUnit
14
Careers
Section
Ⅱ Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．nursery
n.
托儿所，保育室
2．childhood
n.
童年，儿童时代
3．ypewriter
n.
打字机
4．grasp
vt.
理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧
5．battle
n.
战斗，战役
6．civil
adj.
民间的；国民的；国内的
7．wisdom
n.
智慧
8．idiom
n.
习语，成语
9．wist
vt.
&
vi.
旋转，转动
10．beneath
adv.
在底下
11．bend
v.
弯腰，倾身
12．stage
n.
舞台；阶段，时期
13．overcome
vt.
战胜，克服
14．corn
n.
玉米
15．frost
n.
霜
16．steep
adj.
陡峭的，险峻的
17．grain
n.
谷物，谷粒
18．basis
n.
基础，根据
19．commit
vt.
投入→committed
adj.
尽责的
20．existence
n.
生活；存在→exist
v.
存在
21．appointment
n.
约见，约会；任命，委派→appoint
vt.
任命，指派；预约，安排
22．illegal
adj.
不合法的，违法的→legal
adj.
合法的
23．instant
n.
片刻，瞬息 adj.
瞬间的，立即的，紧急的→instantly
adv.
即刻地，马上地→instance
n.
例子；事例；情况
24．surrounding
adj.
附近的，周围的→surround
v.
包围，围绕→surroundings
n.
环境
25．inspect
v.
审查→inspection
n.
检查，视察→inspector
n.
检查员，视察员
26．glory
n.
荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事→glorious
adj.
光荣的，荣耀的
27．hesitate
v.
犹豫，踌躇→hesitation
n.
犹豫，踌躇
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．urn_up出现，来到；调大
2．make_up组成；编造；凑成；补偿；化妆
3．make_out假装；声称；开出，写出；听出，看出
4．go_into_detail(s)讨论，细谈
5．get_in_touch取得联系
6．speak_up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出
7．sit
up
坐直；坐起来；熬夜
8．believe
in
信任，信仰
9．turn
over
反转
10．pay
off
得到好结果；取得成功；付清债务
11．as
long
as
只要
12．be
bored
with
对……感到厌倦
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．the
instant...“一……就……”，是名词性短语作连词引导时间状语从句
he_instant
she
stopped
asking
questions,
I
got
up
and
went
out
of
the
room.
她一停止问问题，我就站起来走出了房间。
2．although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，也可用though替换
Although
there
were
lots
of
difficulties
to
overcome,
she
never
let
her
problems
defeat
her.
虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从来没有让困难打败自己。
3．as
long
as“只要”，引导条件状语从句
I
discovered
then
that
as_long_as
I
am
committed
and
never
give
up
I
will
be
able
to
produce
high
quality
reports.
那时我就发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道来。
4．it作形式宾语
I
find
it
a
real
battle
being
on
my
feet
all
the
time
like
that.
我发现总是像那样站着真的是一场战斗。
5．not...until...引导时间状语从句
I
never
thought
about
going
on
TV
because
my
family
didn't_even_have_one_until
I
was
in
junior
high
school!
我从来没想过从事电视工作，因为直到上初中我家才有了一台电视机！
6．it强调句型
It
was
my
mother
who/that
taught
me
to
be
curious.
是母亲教我对事物充满好奇心。
7．when引导表语从句，在表语从句中作时间状语
That's
when
I
realized
the
importance
of
being
a
journalist.
我就是那时意识到当记者的重要性的。
课文预读
The
Road
to
Success
As
a
child,
Wang
Junyan
never
dreamed
of①
becoming
a
famous
person
on
TV.
“I
never
thought
about
going
on
TV
because
my
family
didn't
even
have
one
until
I
was
in
junior
high②
school！”
she
explained.
Now
Wang
Junyan
is
the
presenter③
for
Universe④
TV's
news
programmes.
I
asked
her
how
she
had
achieved⑤
success
and
she
told
me
that
being
curious⑥，
working
hard,
and
believing
in⑦
what
was
true
made
her
the
success
she
is
today.
“It
was
my
mother
who
taught
me
to
be
curious.
She
had
a
great
love
of⑧
everything
in
the
universe
and
she
taught
me
to
be
interested
in
mankind⑨
and
nature,
everything
from
plants
to
insects，”
Junyan
told
me.
“We
would
look
in
old
nests⑩
to
find
birds'
feathers?
and
we
would
even
turn
over?
stones
to
look
at
the
little
creatures?
there.
I
loved
doing
that，”
remembered
Junyan.
She
said,
“My
mother
was
a
strong
character.
Although
there
were
lots
of
difficulties
to
overcome?，
she
never
let
her
problems
defeat
her.
She
worked
extremely?
hard
to
support
me
through
school
and
during
my
time
at
Fudan
University
in
Shanghai.
Her
attitude
towards?
life
will
never
stop
influencing
my
thoughts
and
actions.”
①dream
of梦想
※because引导原因状语从句。后面的not...until...意为“直到……才……”，until引导时间状语从句。
②junior
high初中
junior/'d?u?ni?/adj.
低级的
③presenter/'prI'zent?/n.
节目主持人
④universe/'ju?nIv??s/n.
宇宙
universal/?ju?nI'v??sl/adj.
全世界的，普遍的
⑤achieve/?'t?i?v/v.
完成；达到
achievement
n.
成就
※how引导宾语从句。
⑥curious/'kj??ri?s/adj.
好奇的
curiosity
n.
好奇心
⑦believe
in信任，信赖
※that引导的从句作told的宾语。在这个从句中，三个并列的动名词短语作主语。
she
is
today是定语从句，修饰the
success。
※It
was...who...为强调句型。该句中被强调的部分是句子的主语my
mother。
⑧have
a
great
love
of...对……非常热爱
⑨mankind/?m?n'kaInd/n.
人类
表示“人类”的名词还有：man,
human,
human
being。
※介词短语作后置定语修饰everything。
⑩nest/nest/n.
鸟窝，巢
?feather/'fe??/n.
羽毛
?turn
over反转
?creature/'kri?t??/n.
生物，动物
?overcome/???v?'k?m/vt.
战胜，克服
overcome
difficulties战胜困难
?extremely/Ik'stri?mli/adv.
极其，非常
?attitude
towards/to...对……的态度
成功之路
[第1～2段译文]
小时候，王君燕从未想过要成为一位著名的电视工作者。她解释说：“我从没想过能上电视，因为直到我上初中的时候家里才有了电视！”而现在王君燕成了环球电视新闻栏目的主持人。我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则使她成为今天的成功者。
君燕告诉我：“是妈妈教会我要有好奇心。她热爱宇宙中的任何事物，教我对人类和自然中从植物到昆虫的任何事物感兴趣。”君燕回忆说：“我们会在旧鸟巢里寻找鸟的羽毛，甚至把石头翻起来观察那里的小动物。我喜欢那样做。”她还说：“妈妈是一个坚强的人。虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。她拼命工作供我上学，直到我从上海的复旦大学毕业。她对待生活的态度一直影响着我的思想和行动。”
After
graduating
from
university,
Wang
Junyan
became
a
reporter
for
a
local
newspaper.
She
said
she
chose
to
be
a
journalist
because
it
is
important
that
people
grasp?
what
is
going
on
around
them.
I
asked
her
if
there
was
any
special
moment
that
made
her
realise
this
and
she
replied?
that
it
was
after
she
was
asked
to
inspect?
an
illegal?
business.
Her
report
helped
the
people
who
had
been
affected
and
it
also
helped
the
government
inspect
the
company
and
catch
the
guiltypeople.
“That
is
when
I
realised
the
importance
of
being
a
journalist，”
said
Junyan.,?grasp/ɡrɑ?sp/vt.
理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧
※she
chose...journalist是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；because引导原因状语从句，that
people
grasp...them为that引导的主语从句，在原因状语从句中作真正的主语；what
is...them是what引导的宾语从句，作grasp的宾语。
※if
there...this是if引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语。if从句中又含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词moment。
?reply/rI'plaI/v.
回答，答复；回应
reply除接直接引语或that引导的宾语从句外，其他情况下只用作不及物动词，后接介词to后才能带宾语。
?inspect/In'spekt/v.
审查
inspection
n.
视察；检查
?illegal/I'li?ɡ?l/adj.
不合法的，违法的
legal
adj.
合法的
※that引导的宾语从句作replied的宾语。
guilty/'ɡIlti/adj.
有罪的，有罪责的；感到内疚的
guilt
n．罪行；内疚
※此处when引导的是表语从句。[第3段译文]
大学毕业以后，王君燕成为当地一家报社的记者。她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是很重要的。我问她有没有什么特别的时刻使她认识到这一点，她回答说是在被派去调查一桩非法交易之后。她的报道不仅帮助了那些受害者，还协助了政府调查那家公司并且抓住了罪犯。君燕说：“就是在那时我意识到了做新闻记者的重要性。”
“Writing
that
report
wasn't
easy,
but
I
realised
that
people
needed
to
know
and
so
I
didn't
give
up，”
Junyan
told
me.
This
paid
off
because
she
won
an
award
for
the
report.
“I
discovered
then
that
as
long
as
I
am
committed
and
never
give
up
I
will
be
able
to
produce
high
quality
reports.”
That's
exactly
what
Wang
Junyan
has
been
doing
as
the
face
of
Universe
TV.
I
asked
Junyan
what
she
liked
most
about
her
job
and
she
said
that
although
there
wasn't
much
glory
in
a
reporter's
existence，
she
found
it
interesting
and
challenging.
“I
meet
a
lot
of
people
and
go
to
many
different
places.
I'm
never
bored
with
this
job！”
She
added
that
as
a
reporter
she
needed
many
different
skills
and
was
constantly
challenged
to
learn
new
things.
Finally,
I
asked
her
if
after
many
years
she
still
felt
curious.
Smiling
brightly，
she
told
me,
“Nothing
that
I
learned
from
my
mother
has
ever
left
me.
Today
when
I'm
looking
for
stories,
I
still
feel
like
I'm
turning
over
stones
to
see
what
might
be
hiding
beneath！”
pay
off得到好结果；取得成功
award/?'w??d/n.
奖品，奖
discover
v.
发现
discover指发现一直存在而不为人知的事物；invent指发明创造原来没有的事物。
committed/k?'mItId/adj.
尽责的
commit/k?'mIt/vt.
投入
※as
long
as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
※此处what引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语。
※what引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。
glory/'ɡl??ri/n.
荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事
glorious
adj.
光荣的；壮丽的
existence/Iɡ'zIst?ns/n.
生活；存在
come
into
existence出现，产生
challenging/'t??lInd?I?/adj.
挑战性的
※that引导的宾语从句作said的宾语，且宾语从句中又含有although引导的让步状语从句；“found
it...challenging”是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
be
bored
with...对……厌烦
add
v.
补充说
constantly/'k?nst?ntli/adv.
不断地
※if引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
※that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Nothing。
※when引导时间状语从句。
beneath/bI'ni?θ/adv.
在底下
beneath—(反)on
※what引导的宾语从句作see的宾语。
[第4～5段译文]
君燕告诉我：“写出那篇报道并不容易，但是我意识到人们需要知道真相，所以我没有放弃。”这些努力得到了回报，她因为那篇报道获了奖。“那时我就发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道来。”这也正是王君燕成为环球电视的一员后一直努力做的。
我问君燕她最喜欢工作中的哪些方面，她说作为记者，虽然不会得到很多的荣耀，但她觉得这一行业有趣且有挑战性。“我见到了很多人，去了很多不同的地方。我对这份工作永远不会厌倦！”她还补充说，作为一名记者，她需要具备很多不同的技能，并且经常面临学习新事物的挑战。最后，我问她许多年以后她是否还会感到好奇。她一脸灿烂的笑容，告诉我说：“我从未忘记从妈妈那里学到的东西。现在每当我寻找新闻故事的时候，还仍然觉得好像自己是在翻开那些石头，去看看下面藏着什么东西！”
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Use
the
new
words
or
phrases
in
Lesson
2
to
fill
in
the
blanks.
1．He
didn't
tell
the
reason
honestly.
Instead
he
made_up
an
excuse.
2．I
will
go_into_detail(s)
about
the
instructions
so
as
to
make
you
operate
the
machine
skillfully.
3．How
come
the
officials
in
the
government
drew
a
conclusion
about
the
research
just
on
the
basis
of
some
interviews?
4．—Can
I
have
a
talk
with
Manager
Wang?
—Have
you
made
a/an
appointment
before?
5．Personally,
it
is
no
use
reciting
some
English
idioms
like
“No
pain,
no
gain.”
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Read
the
passage
in
Lesson
3.
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
quickly
and
finish
the
questions.
1．Which
of
the
following
can
be
best
used
as
the
title
of
the
text?
A．A
successful
reporter
B．A
reporter's
dream
C．A
reporter's
success
D．A
dream
of
being
a
reporter
答案：C
2．Use
the
key
word
to
give
the
main
idea
of
the
paragraphs.
One
word
for
each
blank.
Para.
1:
Characteristics
which
made
her
successful
Para.
2:
Mother's
influence
Para.
3:
Reasons
for
being
a
reporter
Para.
4—5:
Feelings
about
being
a
reporter
Ⅱ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．It
was
being
curious
that
made
Wang
Junyan
a
success.( F )
2．She
likes
the
job
because
working
as
a
reporter
can
bring
her
a
lot
of
glory
as
well
as
interest
and
challenge.( F )
3．Her
mother
played
an
important
part
on
her
way
to
success.( T )
Ⅲ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．What
can
we
learn
from
the
text?
A．Junyan
became
a
TV
presenter
because
she
often
watched
TV
when
she
was
a
little
child.
B．Junyan's
mother
had
a
great
effect
on
her
career.
C．Junyan
was
very
naughty
when
she
was
a
child.
D．Junyan's
mother
asked
her
to
be
a
reporter
after
graduating
from
university.
答案：B
2．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
reason
that
made
Wang
Junyan
successful
today?
A．She
has
been
believing
in
herself
all
the
time.
B．Her
mother
taught
her
to
be
curious.
C．After
graduating
from
university,
she
worked
hard
as
a
reporter.
D．She
dreamed
of
becoming
a
famous
person
on
TV
from
her
childhood.
答案：D
3．From
the
passage,
we
can
learn
that
Wang
Junyan's
mother
________.
A．had
a
strong
mind
B．overcame
lots
of
difficulties
C．influenced
her
daughter
much
D．all
of
the
above
答案：D
4．Wang
Junyan
realized
the
importance
of
being
a
journalist
________.
A．after
she
won
a
reward
for
a
report
B．as
soon
as
she
graduated
from
Fudan
University
C．when
one
of
her
reports
on
an
illegal
business
was
helpful
to
the
people
and
the
government
D．when
she
became
a
reporter
for
a
local
newspaper
答案：C
5．Who
taught
her
to
be
curious?
A．Her
teacher.
B．Nobody.
C．Her
father.
D．Her
mother.
答案：D
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
Wang
Junyan
is
the
__1__
(present)
for
Universe
TV's
news
programmes.
It
was
being
curious,
working
hard,
and
believing
in
what
was
true
that
made
her
the
__2__
(succeed)
she
is
today.
She
owed
her
success
__3__
her
mother,
whose
attitude
towards
life
influenced
her
__4__
(great).
After
__5__
(graduate)
from
university,
she
became
a
reporter
for
a
local
newspaper.
She
wrote
a
report
about
an
illegal
business.
Her
report
helped
the
people
__6__
had
been
affected
and
it
also
helped
the
government
inspect
the
company
and
catch
the
__7__
(guilt)
people.
__8__
(write)
that
report
wasn't
easy
and
it
paid
off
because
she
won
an
award
for
the
report.
She
discovered
then
that
as
long
as
she
is
committed
and
never
gives
__9__
she
will
be
able
to
produce
high
quality
reports.
That's
exactly
__10__
Wang
Junyan
has
been
doing
as
the
face
of
Universe
TV.
1．presenter 2.success 3.o 4.greatly 5.graduating
6．who 7.guilty 8.Writing 9.up 10.what
1
(教材P24)I
turned
up
for
the
appointment
five
minutes
late,
so
I
walked
straight
in
and
sat
down.
我比约定的时间晚了5分钟，因此，我径直走进去坐了下来。
(1)appointment
n． 约见，约会，约定
have/make
an
appointment
with
sb.
与某人有约会
by
appointment
按照约定
be
late
for
one's
appointment
约会迟到
keep
an
appointment
守约
(2)appoint
vt.
任命，指定；约定
appoint
sb.
(as/to
be)．..
任命，委任某人……
appoint
sb.
to
do...
委派某人做……
(3)appointed
adj.
约定的，指定的
[即学即用]
(1)Phone
his
secretary
and
make/have
an
appointment
with
the
new
client.
打电话给他的秘书约定与新客户会面的时间。
(2)It
looks
as
if
I
won't
be
able
to
keep
the
appointment
we
made.
看来我不能如期赴约了。
(3)They
ignored
the
appointed
time
and
missed
the
important
chance.
他们忽视了约定的时间，错过了这个重要的机会。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
was
sorry
for
forgetting
our
appointment
(appoint),
because
I
was
so
busy.
②It's
reported
that
two
experts
have
just
been
appointed
o_look
(look)
into
food
safety.
③Tom
didn't
finish
his
homework
at
the
appointed
(appoint)
time.
④The
director
sees
students
by
appointment
only.
⑤We
must
appoint
somebody
as
headmaster
as
soon
as
possible.
2
(教材P25)We
decide
on
the
basis
that
the
older
monitors
get
the
first
choice.
我们的决定是基于较大的班长会得到第一选择。
(1)establish/lay
the
basis
for/of
建立……的基础
on
a
regular
basis
定期
on
the
basis
of
以……为基础
(2)base
n.
底部；基地；基础
vt.
以……作基础
base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据
be
based
on/upon
以……为根据/基础
(3)basic
adj.基础的；基本的；根本的
basically
adv.
基本上；根本上
[即学即用]
(1)We're
going
to
be
meeting
there
on
a
regular
basis.
我们将定期在那里会面。
(2)His
theory
has
a
solid
basis
in
fact.
他的理论确实有可靠的基础。
(3)The
film
is
based
on
a
true
story.
这部电影根据一个真实的故事而改编。
(4)单句语法填空
①Don't
evaluate
a
person
on
the
basis
(base)
of
appearance.
②With
our
knowledge
based
(base)
on
practice,
we
can
make
great
contributions
to
our
country.
3
(教材P25)The
town
has
many
surrounding
farms.
这个镇周围有许多农场。
(1)surroundings
n． 环境；周围的事物
(2)surround
vt.
环绕，围绕；(使)包围
surround...with...
用……环绕/包围……
be
surrounded
by/with...
被……包围/环绕
[即学即用]
(1)The
policemen
decided
to
search
the
surrounding
area
to
look
for
the
missing
boy.
警察决定搜寻周边地区来寻找那个失踪的男孩。
(2)Surround
yourself
with
some
people
who
support
you.
和支持你的人在一起。
(3)The
small
village
is
surrounded
with/by
some
tall
trees.
这个小村子被高大的树木包围着。
(4)The
children
were
brought
up
in
friendly
surroundings.
这些孩子在友好的环境中长大。
(5)单句语法填空
①It
took
me
a
few
weeks
to
get
used
to
my
new
surroundings
(surround)．
②Taiwan
is
surrounded
by
the
sea.
[辨析比较]
surroundings
专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼
environment
可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境给人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。所以常说：美丽的surroundings，幸福的environment
4
(教材P26)Although
there
were
lots
of
difficulties
to
overcome,
she
never
let
her
problems
defeat
her.
尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从不让问题击倒自己。
?2?overcome的过去式、过去分词分别为overcame、overcome。
[即学即用]
(1)Our
government
has
taken
some
measures
to
overcome
the
lack
of
electricity.
政府已采取措施克服供电不足。
(2)The
young
man
overcame_many_difficulties
to
graduate
with
a
first－class
degree.
这个年轻人克服了很多困难，以一流的学位成绩毕业。
(3)Our
soldiers
overcame_the_enemy
after
a
long
battle.
我们的战士经过一场漫长的战斗击败了敌人。
5
(教材P26)She
said
she
chose
to
be
a
journalist
because
it
is
important
that
people
grasp
what
is
going
on
around
them.
她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是很重要的。
(1)grasp
that/wh－从句 理解……
grasp
sb.
by
the
hand/arm
抓住某人的手/手臂
grasp
a
chance/an
opportunity
抓住机会
grasp
at
sth.
尽力抓住某物
(2)have
a
grasp
of
sth.
理解某事
beyond
one's
grasp
超出某人的理解能力
[名师点津] grasp同catch一样，由“抓住”可引申为“理解，明白”。
[即学即用]
(1)He
grasped
her
firmly
by
the
arm.
他紧紧地抓住了她的胳膊。
(2)Try
to
grasp
what
the
writer
is
going
to
tell
you
in
the
book
as
a
whole.
尽力从整体上把握作者在书里要告诉你的东西。
(3)I
grasped_the_opportunity
to
work
abroad
without
hesitation,
so
I
succeeded.
我毫不犹豫地抓住了去国外工作的机会，因此我成功了。
(4)单句语法填空
①She
grasped
at
his
coat
as
he
rushed
past
her.
②How
come
you
have
such
a
good
grasp
of
English?
③This
sentence
is
too
difficult,
and
it's
beyond
my
grasp.
6
(教材P26)I
asked
her
if
there
was
any
special
moment
that
made
her
realise
this
and
she
replied
that
it
was
after
she
was
asked
to
inspect
an
illegal
business.
我问她有没有什么特别的时刻使她认识到这一点，她回答说是在被要求去调查一桩非法的交易之后。
inspection
n．
视察，检阅
inspector
n.
检察员，督察员
[即学即用]
(1)I
got
off
the
car
to
inspect
the
damage.
我下车查看损坏情况。
(2)The
mayor
will
come
and
inspect
our
school
tomorrow.
市长明天要来视察我们学校。
(3)The
inspectors
are
inspecting
our
school,
and
the
inspection
is
related
to
safety
education.
检查员正在视察我们学校，这次视察与安全教育有关。
commit
vt.
投入；花?时间或金钱等?；犯?错误、罪行等?；保证；答应，承诺
(教材P26)I
discovered
then
that
as
long
as
I
am
committed
and
never
give
up
I
will
be
able
to
produce
high
quality
reports.
那时我就发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道来。
(1)commit
time/money
to
(doing)
sth.在(做)某事上花时间/钱
commit
oneself
to投入到……，献身于……，承诺……
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth.献身于/致力于某事；承诺做某事
commit
suicide
自杀
commit
a
crime/fault
犯罪/错
(2)committed
adj.
效忠的，忠于……的
(3)commitment
n.
承诺，信奉
[即学即用]
(1)The
government
has
committed
itself
to
improving
health
education.
政府决心致力于改善健康教育。
(2)The
President
is
committed
to
reforming
health
care.
总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
(3)Whoever
commits
a
crime
will
be
punished
by
law.
任何人犯了罪都要受到法律的制裁。
(4)She
tried
to
commit
suicide,
but
we
saved
her
life
by
chance.
她试图自杀，但我们碰巧救了她。
(5)单句语法填空
①Both
sides
committed
themselves
to
settling
(settle)
the
dispute
peacefully.
②Jackie
Chan
was
committed
(commit)
to
the
cause
of
charity.
③They
called
on
western
countries
to
commit
more
money
o
the
poorest
countries.
④He
doesn't
want
to
make
a
big
commitment
(commit)
to
his
friend.
8
(教材P26)I
asked
Junyan
what
she
liked
most
about
her
job
and
she
said
that
although
there
wasn't
much
glory
in
a
reporter's
existence,
she
found
it
interesting
and
challenging.
我问君燕她最喜欢记者工作的什么方面。她说，作为记者虽然没有很多的荣耀，但她发现这一行业很有趣，很有挑战性。
(1)in
existence 现存的，现有的
come
into
existence
出现，产生
bring...into
existence
使……出现，使……产生
(2)exist
vi.
存在；生存
exist
in
存在于
exist
on
靠……生存，靠……活下去
there
exists/existed...
某地有……，存在……
(3)existing
adj.
现存的；现行的
[即学即用]
(1)I
was
unaware
of
his
existence
until
today.
直到今天我才知道有他这么个人。
(2)We
cannot
exist
without
food
or
water.
没有食物和水我们就不能生存。
(3)单句语法填空
①No
one
knows
exactly
when
the
custom
came
into
existence
(exist)．
②They
can't
exist
on
the
money
he's
earning.
③There
exists
a
good
way
to
solve
the
existing
problem
in
geography.(exist)
9
(教材P27)She
hesitated
and
then
told
me
that
the
year
before
she
had
broken
her
wrist
and
that
the
previous
month
she
had
twisted
her
ankle.
她犹豫了一会儿，然后告诉我去年她的手腕骨折了并且上个月脚踝也扭了。
(1)hesitate
to
do
sth.
做某事犹豫不决
hesitate
at/about
(doing)
sth.
对(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation
n.
犹豫，踌躇
without
hesitation
毫不犹豫
have
no
hesitation
in
doing
sth.
做某事毫不犹豫
[即学即用]
(1)She's
still
hesitating
about/at
sending
her
son
to
abroad.
她对于要不要送儿子出国一事仍然犹豫不决。
(2)The
great
majority
of
players
would,
of
course,
sign
the
contract
without
hesitation.
绝大多数球员当然会毫不犹豫地签合同。
(3)①I
didn't
hesitate_to_accept/about_accepting_the_post.
②I
had
no
hesitation_in_accepting_the_post.
③I
accepted
he_post_without_hesitation.
我毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位。
(4)单句语法填空
①I
didn't
hesitate
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
②Whenever
you
get
into
trouble,
don't
hesitate
o_ask
(ask)
us
for
help.
③As
was
expected,
she
had
no
hesitation
(hesitate)
in
accepting
the
job.
④Without
hesitation
(hesitate),
he
jumped
into
the
river
to
save
the
drowning
young
woman.
make
up
编造，虚构；占，构成；组成；化妆；和解；弥补；整理
(教材P24)Make
up
information
about
yourself.
整理有关自己的信息。
(1)make
up
for 弥补，补偿
make
up
one's
mind
下定决心
be
made
up
of
由……组成
(2)make
use
of
利用，使用
make
out
(费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚
make
it
取得成功；到达
[即学即用]
(1)Don't
make
up
a
story
when
you
don't
know
what
to
say.
不知道说什么的时候，你不要编故事。
(2)The
diligent
student
practised
in
his
free
time
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time.
这位勤奋的学生在业余时间练习是为了弥补损失的时间。
(3)He
does
not
know
how
to
make_use_of
this
waste
gas.
他不知如何利用这种废气。
(4)Our
class
is_made_up_of
50
lively
boys
and
girls,
who
are
warm
and
generous
and
ready
to
offer
help.
我们班由50名活泼的男孩和女孩组成，他们都热心，慷慨，乐于助人。
(5)I
could
hear
voices
but
I
couldn't
make_out
what
they
were
saying.
我能听到说话的声音，却听不清他们在说什么。
(6)写出下列句子中make
up的含义
①Peasants
make
up
over
80
per
cent
of
the
population
in
that
developing
country.
占，构成
②The
actor
made
himself
up
for
the
part
of
an
old
man.
化妆
③They
made
up
a
bed
for
their
little
girl
on
the
sofa.
整理
④The
boy
made
up
a
wonderful
story
to
explain
his
absence.
编造
⑤The
couple
often
quarrel,
but
they
always
make
up
the
next
day.
和解
⑥Can
I
leave
early
this
afternoon
and
make
up
the
time
tomorrow？弥补
(教材P24)Make
out
you
understand
something
when
you
don't!
你不懂时，假装你懂得！
[即学即用]
(1)She
always
makes
out
that
she
is
the
only
one
who
does
any
work.
她总是声称她是唯一做事的人。
(2)I
could
just
make_out
a
figure
in
the
darkness.
黑暗中我只看清了一个人的轮廓。
(3)We
need
to
figure_out
how
much
money
we're
spending
and
what
we're
spending
it
on.
我们需要弄清楚我们花了多少钱，花在什么地方。
(4)写出下列句子中make
out的含义
①Let's
make
out
that
we
know
nothing
about
it.
假装
②They
aren't
as
rich
as
they
make
out.
声称
③I
can't
make
out
whether
this
letter
is
an
“e”
or
an
“o”.
看出
④She
was
a
strange
person;
I
couldn't
make
her
out.
理解
⑤The
teacher
has
made
out
a
list
of
reference
books
for
us
to
buy.
写出
3
(教材P24)Speak
up
and
express
yourself
clearly.
高声并清晰地表达自己。
speak
to
sb.
about
sth.就某事与某人交谈/就某事劝告某人
speak
of/about
提起；讲述
generally
speaking
总的/大体来说
honestly/frankly
speaking
说实话/坦率地说
speak
out
(against
sth.)挺身/公开站出来(反对某事物)
speak
for
sb.
替/代表某人说话
speak
well/ill
of
sb.
说某人的好/坏话
speak
highly
of
高度赞扬
[即学即用]
(1)He
had
to
speak
up
to
make
the
people
in
the
back
hear
clearly.
他不得不大声说话以便让后面的人听清。
(2)People
speak
of
Mark
Twain
as
an
outstanding
humorous
writer.
人们称马克·吐温为杰出的幽默作家。
(3)He
is
not
afraid
to
speak_out
his
mind.
他不怕把自己的想法说出来。
(4)The
headmaster
spoke_highly_of
her
for
her
excellent
performance.
由于她出色的表现，校长高度赞扬了她。
(5)Children
are
encouraged
to
speak_up
and
express
themselves
clearly.
要鼓励孩子大声说话，并清楚地表达自己的思想。
(6)It
is
impolite
to
speak_ill_of
others.
说别人的坏话是不礼貌的。
4
(教材P24)Sit
up
straight
and
look
people
in
the
eye.
坐直并看着人的眼睛。
stay
up 熬夜
sit
through
一直坚持到结束；耐着性子看完
[即学即用]
(1)He
told
the
children
to
sit
up
to
listen
to
the
story.
他告诉孩子们坐直听故事。
(2)We
don't
allow
our
children
to
sit/stay_up
late.
我们不允许孩子们熬夜。
(3)The
children
are
too
young
to
sit_through
a
concert.
孩子们太小而不能看完整场音乐会。
5
(教材P26)I
asked
her
how
she
had
achieved
success
and
she
told
me
that
being
curious,
working
hard,
and
believing
in
what
was
true
made
her
the
success
she
is
today.
我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则使她成为今天的成功者。
(1)believe
in
sb. 信任某人
believe
in
sth.
相信某物的存在
(2)belief
n.
相信；信任；信念，信仰
in
the
belief
that...
相信……
beyond
belief
难以置信
(3)believe
v．相信，信任；认为有可能；认定，看作
believe
it
or
not
信不信由你
believe
sb./what
sb.
says
相信某人的话
[即学即用]
(1)Last
term,
after
getting
a
low
score
in
the
midterm
exam,
I
made
up
my
mind
to
believe
in
myself,
and
I
tried
to
change.
上个学期在期中考试中得了低分后，我下定决心要相信自己，并努力做出改变。
(2)She
acted
in
the
belief
that
she
was
doing
good.
她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。
(3)I
believe
him,
but
I
don't
believe_in
him
because
he
always
tells
lies
to
me.
我相信他说的话，但我并不信任他，因为他总对我撒谎。
(4)If
I
do
not
see
the
aliens
with
my
own
eyes,
I
will
not
believe_in
their
existence.
如果不亲眼看见外星人，我将不会相信他们的存在。
(5)Believe_it_or_not,_he
or
she
is
on
your
side
and
is
eager
to
see
you
do
well.
信不信由你，他/她就在你身边，并渴望看到你做得很好。
(6)Dissatisfaction
with
the
government
has
grown
beyond
belief.
对政府的不满意已经达到了令人难以置信的程度。
6
(教材P26)We
would
look
in
old
nests
to
find
birds'
feathers
and
we
would
even
turn
over
stones
to
look
at
the
little
creatures
there.
我们会在旧鸟巢里寻找鸟的羽毛，甚至把石头翻起来观察那里的小动物。
(1)turn
sb.
over
to
sb. 把某人交给(警方等)
turn
sth.
over
to
sb.
把某物移交给(他人管理)
(2)turn
against
转而反对；使……反对
turn
away
不理睬；拒不接受
turn
down
拒绝；把音量调小
turn
off
关掉
turn
out
出席；结果是……
turn
to
查阅(某书)；求助于；(使)变成
turn
around
转身；好转
turn
back
折回；往回走
turn
in
上交
turn
into
(使)变为
turn
up
出现；把音量调大
[即学即用]
(1)Don't
turn
over
your
luggage
to
a
stranger
at
the
station.
在车站不要把行李交给陌生人。
(2)When
parents
turned
up
in
the
room,
the
boys
turned
down
the
radio.
当父母出现在房间时，男孩们把广播声音调低了。
(3)It
urned_out
that
the
parade
didn't
go
on
smoothly
as
we
had
planned.
结果这次游行不像我们计划的那样顺利。
(4)All
that
urns_against
nature
will
lead
to
a
loss
in
human
beings.
所有违反自然的事都会给人类造成损失。
(5)After
he
left
university
he
became
a
teacher,
but
later
urned_to
journalism.
大学毕业后他当了老师，但后来转向了新闻业。
7
(教材P26)This
paid
off
because
she
won
an
award
for
the
report.
这些努力得到了回报，因为她的报道获奖了。
pay
for
sth.
付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay
sb.
for
sth.
因某事物给某人报酬
pay
back
偿还(欠款)；报复；报答
pay
up
全部付清
[即学即用]
(1)With
the
help
of
a
lot
of
people,
our
plan
paid
off.
在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
(2)After
ten
years
of
hard
work,
Mathild
paid
off
all
her
debts
at
last.
经过10年的辛苦劳作后，玛蒂尔德终于还清了所有的债务。
(3)We
firmly
believe
that
all
hard
work
will
pay_off
one
day.
我们坚信所有的努力终究会有回报的。
(4)That
I
can
pay_back
the
help
people
give
me
makes
me
happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
(5)If
you
don't
work
hard
now,
you'll
pay_for
it
later
when
you
fail
your
exams.
如果你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就会为此付出代价。
?教材P24?The
instant
she
stopped
asking
questions，
I
got
up
and
went
out
of
the
room.
她一停止问问题，我就站起来走出了房间。
the
instant“一……就……”，作连词，引导时间状语从句。
(1)名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句的有：
①the＋表示“瞬间”的名词(moment,
minute,
second等)，相当于as
soon
as。
②“the＋时间段名词”(year,
month,
day,
hour)
③由time组成的表示时间的名词短语(each
time,
every
time,
any
time,
the
last
time,
the
next
time,
the
first
time)等。
(2)表示“一……就……”的句式还有：
①immediately/directly/instantly
②on/upon
(doing)
sth.
③no
sooner...than...，hardly...when...
[即学即用]
(1)I
have
to
go
to
Dallas
the
instant/instantly
the
meeting
finishes.
会议一结束我就得去达拉斯。
(2)She
set
about
cleaning
the
house
as
soon
as
she
arrived
home.
她一到家就开始打扫房子。
(3)Mary
got
married
he_year
she
graduated
from
college.
玛丽大学毕业那年便结婚了。
(4)he_next_time
you
come
here,
don't
forget
to
call
me.
I
want
to
treat
you
to
dinner.
下次你来这儿时，别忘了给我打电话。我想请你吃饭。
(5)单句语法填空
①On/Upon
finishing
his
work,
he
gave
his
mother
a
call.
②Hardly
had
she
seen
me
when
she
gave
me
the
money
she
borrowed
from
me.
③I
recognized
her
instantly
(instant)
I
saw
her.
?教材P24?I
find
it
a
real
battle
being
on
my
feet
all
the
time
like
that.,我发现一直像那样站着真是一场战斗。
句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的being
on
my
feet
all
the
time
like
that;
a
real
battle为名词短语作宾语补足语，构成“find
it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”结构。
?1?在think，
make，
believe，
consider，
take，
find，
feel等动词后跟复合宾语时，多用it作形式宾语。
?2?在like，
enjoy，
love，
hate，
appreciate等表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词后跟宾语从句时，也多用it作形式宾语。
[即学即用]
(1)We
find
it
no
use
arguing
about
the
problem
again.
我们发现再为这个问题进行辩论没有用处。
(2)The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
it
difficult
to
tell
one
from
the
other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人发觉很难把她们区分开。
(3)①We
all
hink_it_necessary_to_learn_English_well.(简单句)
②We
all
hink_(that)_it_is_necessary_to_learn_English_well.(复合句)
我们都认为学好英语是很有必要的。
(4)单句语法填空
①Some
students
do
not
think
it
important
o_obey
(obey)
traffic
rules.
②I
hate
it
when
you
talk
with
your
mouth
full.
③The
old
man
had
his
leg
hurt,
which
made
it
difficult
for
him
to
move.
?教材P26?I
never
thought
about
going
on
TV
because
my
family
didn't
even
have
one
until
I
was
in
junior
high
school！
我从来没想过从事电视工作，因为直到上初中我家才有了一台电视机。
not...until...译为“直到……才……”。
(1)until/till引导时间状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
(2)until/till引导的结构与否定句连用时，构成not...until/till...结构，主句所表达的动作直到until/till所表示的时间才发生，译成“直到……才……”；not
until位于句首或其引导的从句置于句首时，从句要用陈述语序，主句用倒装语序。
(3)until/till引导的结构与肯定句连用时，主句谓语动词为延续性动词，其动作延续到until/till所表示时间就停止。
(4)not...until...句型的强调句式为：It
is/was
not
until...that...。
[即学即用]
(1)I
didn't
realize
what
had
happened
until
then.
直到那时我才意识到发生了什么。
(2)I
shall
wait
for
him
till
(until)
he
comes
back.
我将一直等他回来。
(3)①I
didn't_recognize_(that)
she
was
my
classmate
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses.
②Not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
did_I_recognize_(that)
she
was
my
classmate.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是我的同学。
(4)单句语法填空
①Not
until
12
o'clock
last
night
did
I
go
to
bed.
②It
was
not
until
then
hat
I
realized
what
had
happened.
本句是强调句型，其基本结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...。
(1)It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...(若强调的是人，可用that或who；若强调的部分是其他时，一律用that。)
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it
that...?
(3)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It
is/was
not
until...that...。
(4)强调句的判断方法是去掉It
is/was和that，适当调整后仍然是个完整的句子。
(5)此句型不可强调谓语动词，如果强调谓语动词，可在动词前加do,
does或did。
[即学即用]
(1)It
is
not
only
blind
men
who
make
such
stupid
mistakes.
不仅是盲人才会犯这种愚蠢的错误。
(2)It
was
because
he
cheated
in
the
exam
that
he
deserved
the
punishment.
就是因为考试作弊他应该得到惩罚。
(3)单句语法填空
①Was
it
Professor
Wang
who/that
gave
you
a
speech?
②What
is
it
hat
you
want
to
tell
me?
③It
was
at
this
school
that
I
studied
a
few
years
ago.
④It
was
not
until
we
were
reminded
hat
we
knew
we
had
lost
our
passports.
(教材P26)Although
there
were
lots
of
difficulties
to
overcome,
she
never
let
her
problems
defeat
her.
虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。
although“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。
although与though在用法上的异同：
?1?相同点：两者不与but等并列连词连用，但可以与yet，
still等表转折的副词连用。
?2?不同点：though可以用于倒装结构?相当于as?和句末?相当于however?，although则不可以。
[即学即用]
(1)Although
they
are
poor,
yet/still
they
are
happy.
他们虽然穷，但是很快乐。
(2)Although
I
am
busy
with
my
lessons,
I
have
managed
to
find
time
to
hang
out
with
my
friends.
尽管忙于功课，我还是设法找时间和朋友们出去玩。
(3)单句语法填空
①Clever
hough
(＝as)
he
is,
he
doesn't
study
hard.
②Although
(he
was)
annoyed,
he
calmed
himself
down.
③She
has
a
bit
of
cold.
It's
nothing
serious,
hough/however.
(教材P26)That
is
when
I
realised
the
importance
of
being
a
journalist.
我就是那时意识到当记者的重要性的。
句中when引导表语从句，在表语从句中作时间状语。
(1)That's
why... 那就是……的原因
(2)That's
how...
那就是……的方式
(3)That's
where...
那就是……的地方
(4)That's
what...
那就是……的事情
[即学即用]
(1)That
is
when
we
become
creative.
那正是令我们变得富有创造力的时刻。
(2)She
just
wants
to
be
noticed;
that's
why
she
dresses
so
strangely.
她就是想引人注意才穿得那么稀奇古怪的。
(3)单句语法填空
①This
is
what
we
support.
②That's
where
he
graduated.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Animals
in
zoos
aren't
in
their
natural
surroundings
(surrounding)．
2．The
sports
meet
held
(hold)last
week
was
a
great
success.
3.
Based
(basis)
on
a
true
story,
the
TV
play
is
very
moving.
4.
he_instant/Instantly
(instant)
he
arrived
at
our
office,
he
started
telling
us
what
to
do.
5．I
find
it
difficult
to
get
along
with
such
a
stubborn
man.
6．It's
beyond
belief
that
Usain
Bolt
has
got
his
ninth
Olympic
gold
medals!
7．She
made
out
that
she
knew
nothing
about
the
crime.
8．It's
time
to
speak
up
for
those
who
are
suffering
injustice.
9．Even
the
most
tired
students
are
beginning
to
sit
up
and
listen.
10．He
tried
to
grasp
at
the
illegal
wealth,
so
he
committed
crime.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It
is
natural
that
brothers
can
make_up
soon
after
they
quarrel.
兄弟之间在争吵后很快和好，这是很自然的。
2．I
didn't
go
to
bed
until
my
son
came
back.
直到儿子回来我才上床睡觉。
3．Although
his
devotions
haven't
paid_off
up
to
now,
he
remains
optimistic.
尽管到目前为止，他的付出没有得到回报，但他仍然乐观。
4.
Although_he_is_quite_busy,_he
often
helps
me
with
my
English.
尽管他很忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。
5．Only
if
you
believe_in
yourself
and
work
hard
can
you
achieve
your
goal.
只有你相信自己并且努力工作，你才能实现目标。
6．After
the
war
America
came_into_existence
as
an
independent
country.
那场战争后美国开始作为一个独立的国家而存在。
7.
As_long_as_you_keep_studying_hard,_you
can
improve
your
maths.
只要你继续努力学习，你就能提高你的数学成绩。
PAGEUnit
14 Careers
Today,
I
am
honoured
to
share
my
advice
on
career
choosing
with
you.
1．Choose
what
you
love.
If
you're
doing
a
job
that
you
like,
work
itself
can
give
you
a
feeling
of
satisfaction,
and
your
career
can
also
be
a
lot
of
fun.
Interest
is
the
best
guide
and
the
source
of
the
success;
it's
simply
logical
that
there
is
a
connection
between
liking
your
job
and
being
successful
at
it.
When
you
have
own
strengths
and
value
your
own
interests,
you
can
choose
a
career
that
you
will
love.
2．Choose
what
you're
good
at.Any
profession
needs
people
who
have
mastered
certain
skills
and
possessed
certain
qualifications.
No
one
can
master
everything
in
just
one
lifetime,
so
when
you're
choosing
a
career,
choose
what
you're
good
at,
and
you'll
benefit
from
bringing
your
strengths
into
full
play.
Think
carefully
about
how
you
compare
with
other
people,
and
choose
a
profession
that
doesn't
conflict
with
your
strengths
but
instead
makes
the
best
use
of
them.
3．Choose
a
career
that's
in
demand.
Society
needs
always
evolving；old
opportunities
are
constantly
disappearing
and
new
ones
are
constantly
being
created.
Old
hot
commodity
can
be
replaced
tomorrow
by
what
no
one
saw
coming.
So
when
you're
planning
your
career,
try
to
figure
out
what
society
needs,
and
choose
what's
in
demand.
4．Choose
what's
profitable.
Your
ultimate
goal
when
choosing
a
career
is
to
find
something
that
will
make
you
happy.
But
your
happiness
will
probably
be
influenced
by
your
income
too.
A
sensible
choice
of
career
orientation
is
related
to
what's
valuable
from
society's
point
of
view
and
from
your
own.
So
when
you
make
your
choice,
look
for
something
that
combines
prestige
and
a
good
salary
with
other
factors
that
are
important
to
you.
That
way
you'll
end
up
with
a
career
that's
most
beneficial
to
you.
开启快乐学习之旅
对于现代社会的人来说，职业选择是一个严肃的问题，涉及生存乃至价值实现。在选择职业时，我们要综合社会需要、个人兴趣特长、自我人生价值的实现和自我收益，权衡计较，才能做出更好的选择。
SectionⅠ Warm?up
&
Lesson
1
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．error
n.
错误
2．reward
n.
奖赏，报酬
v.
报答，酬谢
3．charge
vt.
收费，要价；控告
n.
负责；费用，要价
4．consult
vt.
请教，咨询；查阅
5．opic
n.
资料，数据
6．income
n.
收入
7．aid
n.
&
v.
援助，帮助
8．quarrel
vi.
争吵，吵架
9．bonus
n.
奖金，红利，额外津贴
10．opic
n.
题目，话题
11．chemist
n.
化学家→chemistry
n.
化学
12．receptionist
n.
接待员→receive
vt.
收到→receipt
n.
收据，收条→reception
n.
接待
13．insurance
n.
保险→insure
vt.
给……保险，为……投保
14．guidance
n.
指导→guide
vt.
指导，引导
15．casual
adj.
随意的，非正式的→casually
adv.
随意地
16．summary
n.
摘要，总结→sum
v.
总结
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．be_rude_to
对……(很)无礼
2．quarrel_with_sb.
和某人争吵
3．make_sure
确信
4．set_an_example
树立榜样
5．ake_charge_of
对……负责；接管，控制
6．keep_calm
保持镇静
7．send...off
将……寄出；发出
8．run
across
跑着穿过；偶然遇到或看到
9．so
far
迄今为止
10．rather
than
与其……倒不如，不是……而是
11．spend
time
(in)
doing
sth.花时间做某事
12．under
the
guidance
of
在……指导下
13．be
stuck
in
陷入；卡住
14．consult
sb.
about
sth.就某事请教某人
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．have
problems
(in)
doing
sth.“做某事有困难”
A
friend
is
having_problems_writing
a
plot
summary
for
a
book
report.
一个朋友在写一个读书报告的内容简介时遇到一些问题。
2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语
Make
sure
they
know
what_to_do.
确保他们知道自己该做什么。
3．while引导时间状语从句
Tell
your
friends
a
story,
while
you
are
waiting
for
help.
在等待帮助时，给朋友们讲个故事。
4．“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本结构中形容词作宾补
keep_your_desk_tidy
at
all
times.
一直保持你的桌面整洁。
1.n./v.＋－ist→n.
①chemist
化学家 ②receptionist
接待员
③physicist
物理学家
④typist
打字员
⑤artist
艺术家
⑥pianist
钢琴家
⑦scientist
科学家
2．take＋n.＋of→动词短语
①take
charge
of
负责
②take
account
of
考虑到
③take
advantage
of
利用
④take
care
of
照顾
⑤take
control
of
控制
课文预读
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Everybody's
good
at
something!
Do
this
personality①
test
and
find
the
right
job
for
you.
?A
friend
is
having
problems
writing②
a
plot
summary③
for
a
book
report.
She
asks
you
to
help
her.
What
would
you
do?
a)Help
her
after
school.
Tell
her
to
phone
you
if
she
needs
any
more
guidance④.
b)Give
her
a
model
paragraph⑤
and
tell
her
the
names
of
some
helpful
books.
c)Suggest
ways
to
write
a
clear,
accurate⑥
summary.
d)Tell
her
to
make
a
timetable⑦
so
she
can
finish
the
plot
summary
and
book
report
on
time.
?You
are
working
for
an
institute⑧
that
gives
aid
to⑨
the
poor⑩
in
a
small
village.
Your
boss
tells
your
team
to
repair
an
old
pump?
near
a
river.
What
would
you
do?
a)Ask
the
villagers
what
they
want.
Ask
them
to
give
you
advice.
b)Choose
a
certain
job
that
you
think
you
could
do
well,
such
as
collecting
data?.
Then
plan
how
you
could
do
the
job
well.
c)Try
to
improve
the
design
of
the
pump.
Look
at
the
river
and
see
if
there
is
a
better
place
to
build
the
pump.
d)Ask
everybody
in
your
team
to
do
certain
jobs.
Make
sure?
they
know
what
to
do.
Choose
one
of
the
hardest
jobs
for
yourself
to
set
an
example?.
①personality/?p??s?'n?l?ti/n.
性格，个性，人格
②have
problems
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有问题/困难
have
trouble/difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.＝have
trouble/difficulty
with
sth.做某事有麻烦/困难
③summary/'s?m?ri/n.
摘要，总结
summarize
v.
总结
in
summary总的来说
④guidance/'ɡaId?ns/n.
指导
⑤paragraph/'p?r?ɡrɑ?f/n.
段落
⑥accurate/'?kj?r?t/adj.
正确无误的
⑦timetable/'taImteIbl/n.
时间表；时刻表
⑧institute/'InstItju?t/n.
机构；学院
⑨give
aid
to给……帮助
aid/e?d/n.
援助，帮助
⑩the
poor穷人
“the＋adj.”表示一类人或事物。
※that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。
?pump/p?mp/n.
泵，抽水机
※what在此引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作want的宾语。
※that引导定语从句，修饰先行词job。
?data/'deIt?/n.
资料，数据
database
n.
数据库
※if引导宾语从句，其中to
build
the
pump是不定式作定语，修饰a
better
place。
?make
sure确保；弄清
for
sure无疑，肯定
sure
enough果然
※“疑问词＋to
do”在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。本句中what
to
do作know的宾语。
?set
an
example(to
sb.)(给某人)树立榜样
for
example例如[以上部分译文]
人各有专长！
做一下这个性格测试，找到适合你的工作。
1．一个朋友在写一个读书报告的内容简介时遇到一些问题，她向你寻求帮助。你会怎么做呢？
a)放学后帮助她，并告诉她如果需要更多指导可以给你打电话。
b)给她(写)一个示范段落，并告诉她一些有帮助的书的书目。
c)就如何写一个清晰、准确的简介提些建议。
d)让她制订一个工作时间表，以保证她按时完成内容简介和读书报告。
2．你在一个小村庄的旨在帮助穷人的机构里工作，你的老板要求你的工作团队在一条河附近修缮一个旧水泵。你会怎么做？
a)询问村民有什么要求，征求他们的意见。
b)选择一项你认为擅长的工作，例如收集资料。然后计划如何做好这项工作。
c)尽量改善水泵的设计，观察小河，查看是否有更适合建造水泵的河段。
d)给团队中的每个人分配一些工作，确保他们知道自己该做什么。你自己选择一项最艰巨的工作以给他人树立榜样。
?You
are
on?
a
school
trip
and
the
coach
has
an
accident
when
a
deer?
runs
across?the
road.
No
one
is
hurt,
but
you
are
stuck?
on
a
forest
road
with
no
traffic.
It
is
getting
dark
and
it
has
started
to
snow.
What
would
you
do?
a)Talk
to
anybody
who
looks
afraid
or
worried.
Tell
them
not
to
worry.
b)Keep
calm?.
You
know
that
the
situation
is
not
really
dangerous
and
somebody
is
going
to
get
help.
c)Tell
your
friends
a
story,
while
you
are
waiting
for
help.
d)Take
charge
of?
the
situation.
Ask
a
small
group
to
go
to
the
nearest
village
to
get
help.
Tell
everybody
on
the
bus
to
put
on
more
clothes
to
keep
warm.
?Last
week
your
teacher
asked
your
class
to
perform
a
short
play
for
the
school.
So
far，
nothing
has
been
done
and
there
are
only
ten
days
until
the
performance.
What
would
you
do?
a)Offer
to
take
part
and
ask
others
to
do
the
same.
Help
people
to
learn
their
lines.
b)Organise
some
of
the
practical
things,
such
as
costumes,
scenery
and
sound
effects.
c)Think
of
topics
for
the
play.
Write
the
dialogue
and
show
it
to
the
class.
d)Offer
to
direct
the
performance.
Choose
people
for
different
roles.
?on
prep.
在……进行中
on说明活动在进行或状态在持续。
to
be
on
business在工作
to
be
on
holiday/vacation度假中
to
be
on
leave在休假
?deer/dI?/n.
鹿
?run
across跑着穿过
run
across还有“偶然遇上”的意思。
※when在此引导时间状语从句。
?stick
v.
卡住；陷入；粘住
be
stuck
in...陷入……中
stick
to坚持(规则、诺言等)；固守
※who引导定语从句，修饰先行词anybody。
?keep
calm保持镇静
keep是连系动词，calm是形容词，作表语。
keep
warm保持温暖
keep
fit保持健康
?take
charge
of接管，控制
in
charge
of管理(表示主动，主语一般是人)
in
the
charge
of...由……管理(表示被动，主语一般是物)
※介词短语作后置定语修饰everybody。
perform/p?'f??m/v.
做，履行，执行
performance
n.
表演，演出；执行
performer
n.
表演者，演员
so
far表示“迄今为止”，多与现在完成时连用。
by
far大大地，……得多
far
and
wide到处
far
from远非，完全不
take
part
(in)参加
take
part
in指参加活动并在其中负有责任。
join指参加组织，成为其中的一员。
attend仅表示“go
to”，自己并不起积极作用。
join
in指参加比赛或某种具体活动。
line
n.
台词
direct/d?'rekt/v.
导演[以上部分译文]
3．在一次学校组织的旅游中，长途车在躲闪一只跑着穿过马路的鹿时出了事故。虽然无人受伤，但你们被困在了没有车辆的林间小路上。天渐渐黑了，还下起了雪。你会怎么做呢？
a)和那些看上去恐惧或焦虑的人交谈，告诉他们不必担心。
b)保持镇静。你知道情况并不是真的危险，会有别人去寻求救援的。
c)在等待救援的时候，给你的朋友们讲个故事。
d)控制局势。派一小队人去最近的村庄寻求帮助。告诉车上的每个人多穿衣服以保暖。
4．上周你们老师要求你们班准备一个要在学校表演的短剧。离表演只剩下10天了，但到目前为止，你们还什么都没有做。你会怎么做呢？
a)主动要求参加，并请其他人也参加。帮助别人记台词。
b)安排具体事宜，如服装、场景和音效。
c)为短剧出谋划策。编写对白，让全班同学看。
d)主动要求做导演，选择演员饰演不同的角色。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A．Everybody
has
strengths
and
does
well
in
something.
B．It
is
a
personality
test,
which
is
of
help
in
job
hunting.
C．It
gives
a
chance
to
find
your
advantages.
D．It
is
a
passage
describing
different
personalities
in
life.
答案：B
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
True
or
False.
1．When
a
friend
has
problems
writing
a
plot
summary,
the
best
way
to
help
him
is
to
ask
him
to
search
information
on
the
Net.( F )
2．The
coach
on
a
school
trip
was
knocked
down
and
hurt
by
a
sheep.( F )
3．The
new
pump
was
broken
because
the
villagers
didn't
operate
properly.( F )
4．The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
perform
a
play
but
the
students
have
done
nothing
so
far.( T )
Ⅱ.Choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
passage.
1．How
many
ways
are
mentioned
to
help
solve
the
problem
in
each
situation?
A．Two.
B．Three.
C．Four.
D．Five.
答案：C
2．What
does
the
boss
ask
your
team
to
do
in
the
second
situation?
A．He
asks
us
to
help
him
write
a
plot
summary.
B．He
asks
our
team
to
repair
an
old
pump
near
a
river.
C．He
asks
us
to
give
advice
to
him.
D．He
asks
us
to
improve
the
life
standard
of
the
villagers.
答案：B
3．How
to
set
an
example
while
you
work
with
others?
A．Choose
one
of
the
hardest
jobs
for
yourself.
B．Ask
for
no
pay.
C．Ask
everyone
else
to
do
a
certain
job.
D．Make
sure
others
know
what
to
do.
答案：A
4．What
can
you
do
to
help
solve
the
problem
in
the
third
situation?
A．Tell
those
looking
worried
or
afraid
not
to
worry
and
keep
calm.
B．Tell
our
friends
a
story
while
waiting.
C．Ask
a
small
group
to
go
to
the
nearest
village
to
get
help
and
tell
those
on
the
bus
to
put
on
more
clothes.
D．All
of
the
above.
答案：D
5．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
according
to
the
last
situation?
A．Something
has
been
done
but
there
are
only
ten
days
before
the
performance.
B．There
are
only
eight
days
before
the
performance.
C．Nothing
has
been
done
and
there
are
only
ten
days
before
the
performance.
D．No
advice
has
been
offered
to
solve
the
problem.
答案：C
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
It
is
__1__
(know)
that
everyone
is
good
at
something.
However,
before
you
find
the
right
job
for
you,
you
should
do
a
__2__
(person)
test.
Now
you
can
read
the
following
situations
to
get
a
better
understanding
of
yourself.
1．If
your
friend
__3__
is
having
trouble
__4__
(write)
a
summary
consults
you,
will
you
give
him
__5__
example
or
just
tell
him
to
finish
it
on
time?
2．You
__6__
(ask)
to
repair
an
old
pump
for
a
small
village.
Is
it
good
to
have
a
discussion
with
your
workmates?
Or
is
it
right
to
ask
the
villagers
to
buy
a
new
__7__？
3．On
a
school
trip,
your
group
are
lost
when
it
is
getting
dark.
Will
you
be
in
charge
and
ask
companions
to
go
the
nearest
village
to
get
help?
Are
you
willing
to
__8__
(comfortable)
those
who
look
afraid?
4．In
preparation
__9__
a
short
play,
what
will
you
like
to
do?
Take
part
and
ask
others
to
follow?
Organize
some
__10__
(practice)
things?
Think
of
topics
for
the
play?
Offer
to
direct
the
performance?
1．known 2.personality 3.who/that 4.writing 5.an
6．are_asked 7.one/pump 8.comfort 9.for 10.practical
1
(教材P21)The
old
lady
is
offering
a
reward
of
$50
to
anyone
who
finds
her
cat
for
her!
老妇人拿出50美元当作为她找到猫的人的酬劳！
give/offer
a
reward
for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而给报酬/奖赏
in
reward(for) 作为(对……的)报答/奖赏
reward
sb.
for(doing)sth.
因为(做了)某事而回报某人
reward
sb.
with
sth.
奖赏某人某物
[即学即用]
(1)Their
efforts
were
rewarded
with
success.
他们的努力获得了成功。
(2)单句语法填空
①He
sends
her
a
book
in
reward
for
her
help.
②They
rewarded
him
for
saving
the
child
last
month.
③She
started
singing
to
the
baby
and
was
rewarded
with
a
smile.
[辨析比较]
reward
n.
指赏金、酬金或一些非金钱的报酬
v.
表示“报答，酬谢”
award
n.
指奖品、奖金，还可以指某种奖
v.
(正式地或官方地)授予、给予；(法庭)判给
prize
n.
“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖
(3)选用reward,
prize,
award填空
①Mike
was
given
a
medal
as
a
reward
for
his
service.
②A
prize
was
given
to
the
person
who
had
the
winning
number.
③He
won
the
award
for
the
best
student
of
the
year.
(教材P21)Lawyers
charge
higher
fees
than
doctors.
律师收取比医生更高的服务费。
(1)charge
sb.
for
sth. 因……向某人收费
charge
sb.
with
sth.
控告某人某事
(2)in
charge
of
掌握；负责
in
the
charge
of...
在某人掌管之下
take
charge
of
掌管；负责；控制
free
of
charge
免费
[即学即用]
(1)They
charge
a
fixed
rate
for
each
transaction.
他们对办理的每项业务收取一定的费用。
(2)All
the
members
who
joined
the
club
three
months
ago
can
use
the
equipment
free
of
charge.
三个月前加入俱乐部的成员可以免费使用这些设备。
(3)He
was
arrested
and
charged
with
committing
a
variety
of
crimes.
他被捕并被指控犯有多种罪行。
(4)单句语法填空
①Since
the
manager
left
his
position,
she
has
been
in
charge
of
the
company.
②As
long
as
you've
paid
in
advance,
we
won't
charge
you
for
delivery.
③The
traffic
policeman
charged
the
driver
with
speeding
and
fined
him
$50.
④The
guide
tells
us
that
the
Wellness
Centre
offers
services
free
of
charge.
⑤A
teacher
was
asked
to
take
charge
of
the
naughty
boy.
[辨析比较]
fee
“费用，学费”，指支付给律师、医生等的服务费，也可以是会费、报名费、学费等
salary
“薪水，工资”，一般指脑力劳动者的月薪或年薪
wage
“工资，工钱”，指相对短的时间内，以小时或周为单位，付给蓝领工人或非技术工人一次性的报酬
fare
车费；路费；票价
(5)选用fee/salary/wage/fare填空
①Her
wages
are
one
hundred
dollars
a
week.
她的工资是一星期100美元。
②The
fare
to
Guangzhou
is
191
RMB.
去广州的票价是191元人民币。
③The
doctor's
fee
was
higher
than
we
expected.
医生的收费比我们期望的要高。
④How
much
salary
does
a
teacher
earn?
教师的工资是多少？
3
(教材P22)You
are
working
for
an
institute
that
gives
aid
to
the
poor
in
a
small
village.
你在一个小村庄的旨在帮助穷人的机构里工作。
(1)n.
[U]援助，帮助
(2)vt.
援助，帮助(比help正式)
[即学即用]
(1)My
father
will
always
come
to
my
aid
when
I'm
in
trouble.
我有困难时父亲总是来帮我。
(2)With
the
aid/help
of
my
English
teacher,
I
have
made
great
progress
this
term.
在英语老师的帮助下，这学期我取得了很大进步。
(3)The
students
are
collecting
money
in
aid
of
charity.
学生们正在为资助慈善事业募捐。
(4)They
all
came_to_my_aid
yesterday,
which
made
me
touched.
他们昨天都来帮助我，这让我很感动。
(5)A
man
immediately
rushed
to
the
girl
to
give_her_first_aid
and
I
joined
in
without
hesitation.
一个人立即赶来给女孩实施了急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入其中。
(6)单句语法填空
①They
were
accused
of
aiding
him
with
his
escape.
②We
should
do
our
best
to
aid
the
disabled
o_live
(live)
a
better
life.
4
(教材P23)He
should
consult
Mr
Jensen
about
the
new
account
on
the
24th.
他应该向Mr
Jensen咨询有关24日的新账户情况。
consult
sb./sth.
(about
sth.) 请教某人/查阅某物
consult
with
sb.
与某人商量；与某人磋商
consult
a
dictionary/look
up
a
word
in
a
dictionary
查字典
[即学即用]
(1)Considering
how
to
choose
a
job,
you
can
consult
an
experienced
successful
businessman.
在考虑如何选择工作时，你可以向有经验的成功商人请教。
(2)When
in
doubt
about
the
meaning
of
a
word,
consult
a
dictionary.
拿不准词义时，查阅词典。
(3)If
you
have
any
doubts
about
your
health,
you'd
better
consult_your_doctor
at
once.
如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，最好立刻向你的医生咨询。
(4)He
often
goes
to
my
office
to
consult_me_about
the
method
of
learning
English.
他经常去我的办公室向我咨询关于学习英语的方法。
[辨析比较]
consult
“商量；咨询；查阅”，意为“查阅”时，通常接书、词典、地图等表示出处的名词作宾语
refer
to
“涉及；提及；参考，查阅”，意为“查阅”时，可以与consult互换
look
up
“(在词典中)查阅……”，通常接查阅的直接内容作宾语
5
(教材P23)．..don't
quarrel
with
anyone...
……不要和任何人争吵……
pick
a
quarrel
with
sb.故意和某人争吵；向某人挑衅
[即学即用]
(1)He
had
a
quarrel
with
his
wife
about
the
education
of
their
children.
他为了孩子的教育问题和妻子争吵。
(2)They
quarrelled
with
each
other
about
money.
他们两个因为钱争吵起来了。
(3)She
had_a_quarrel/quarrelled_with_her_husband_about
who
should
do
the
housework.
她与丈夫就谁应做家务吵了一架。
[巧学助记] quarrel的近义词为argue
People
generally
quarrel
because
they
cannot
argue.(Chesterton)
人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)
1
(教材P22)You
are
on
a
school
trip
and
the
coach
has
an
accident
when
a
deer
runs
across
the
road.
在一次学校组织的旅行中，长途汽车在躲闪一只横穿马路的鹿时发生了事故。
run
out
跑出，离开，耗尽
run
out
of
用光，用完
run
away
逃跑
run
into
偶然遇到，撞到
run
after
追逐
[即学即用]
(1)Do
remember
that
it
is
very
dangerous
to
run
across
the
road.
一定要记住跑着过马路是很危险的。
(2)I
ran
across
an
old
friend
in
the
shop.
我在商店里偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
(3)Have
you
told
your
parents
your
money
is
running_out?
你已经告诉你父母你的钱快要用完了吗？
(4)Just
now,
my
dog
was
seen
running_after
a
rabbit
on
the
grassland.
刚才，有人看见我的狗在草地上追兔子。
2
(教材P23)．..listen
rather
than
speak—learn
as
much
as
possible
about
your
job
and
the
company...
……多听少说——尽可能多地了解你的工作和公司……
(1)prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...宁可做……也不愿意做……
would
do...rather
than
do...宁可做……也不愿意做……
would
rather
do...than
do...宁可做……也不愿意做……
(2)other
than
除……之外
more
than
远非；超过；非常
or
rather
更确切地说
[联想归纳] rather
than连接两个主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。
[即学即用]
(1)Rather
than
travel
by
car,
I'd
prefer
to
walk.
与其乘车旅游，我宁愿步行。
(2)I
think
he,
rather
than
you,
is
to
blame.
我认为是他而不是你该受责备。
(3)There's
nobody
here
other
than
me.
这里除了我没有别人。
(4)I
would_rather_stay_at_home_than/would_stay_at_home_rather_than/prefer_to_stay_at_home_rather_than
go
out
on
Sundays.
周日我宁愿待在家里也不愿意出去。
(5)单句语法填空
①Man
has
been
fond
of
travelling
rather
than
staying
(stay)
in
one
place.
②It
is
Jim
rather
than
his
parents
who
is
(be)
going
to
South
Africa.
3
(教材P23)keep
your
desk
tidy
at
all
times
始终使你的课桌保持整洁
at
any
time 在任何时候
at
a
time
一次，每次
at
one
time
曾经，一度
at
no
time
决不
all
the
time
总是，一直
at
the
same
time
同时；不过，然而
at
times
有时，不时
in
no
time
立刻，马上
[即学即用]
(1)We
are
ready
to
help
her
at
all
times.
我们随时准备帮助她。
(2)At
one
time
I
used
to
go
skiing
every
winter.
曾经每到冬季我就去滑雪。
(3)Take
two
apples
at
a
time.
一次拿两个苹果。
(4)At
no
time
did
they
actually
break
the
rules
of
the
game.
It
was
unfair
to
punish
them.
他们实际从未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
(5)选用time短语填空
①Hurry
up!
The
concert
will
begin
in_no_time.
②We
can't
hold
the
two
meetings
at_the_same_time.
③You'd
better
do
one
thing
at_a_time,_so
that
you
can
concentrate
on
it.
④They
were
good
friends
at_one_time,_but
now
they
are
in
poor
relationship.
⑤Generally
speaking,
my
grandmother
is
nice
and
kind,
but
she
can
be
very
stubborn
at_times.
⑥At_no_time
should
you
give
up
studying.
have
problems/difficulty/trouble
in
doing
sth.做事有困难，该句型中的介词in可以省略。
(1)have
problems/trouble/difficulty
with
sth.
在……方面有困难
(2)have
a
hard
time
(in)
doing
sth.做某事不容易
There's
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth./with
sth.
做某事有困难
[即学即用]
(1)Please
don't
hesitate
to
turn
to
us
for
help
whenever
you
have
problems
with
your
study.
不管什么时候你在学习上有困难，请不要犹豫向我们寻求帮助。
(2)I
have
some
trouble
in
reading
his
handwriting.
我认他的笔迹感到有些困难。
(3)单句语法填空
①The
woman
had
a
hard
time
bringing
(bring)
up
her
three
children.
②They
had
no
difficulty
finding
(find)
the
way
to
the
airport.
③Jack
had
fun
in
spending
(spend)
the
whole
evening
playing
cards.
[联想归纳] problem为可数名词，故在此结构中应用problems或a
problem；而difficulty/trouble在此结构中常用作不可数名词，故用原形。
what
to
do是“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
?1?“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
?2?在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
[即学即用]
(1)When
and
where
to
have
the
meeting
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
何时、何地开会还未确定。
(2)When
to
leave
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
何时动身尚未决定。
(3)单句语法填空
①He
tells
me
how
o_answer
(answer)
all
the
questions
in
English.
②She
had
no
idea
which
book
o_read
(read)
first.
So
far，
nothing
has
been
done
and
there
are
only
ten
days
until
the
performance.
离演出只剩十天，但是到目前为止，你们还什么都没做。
此句是一个由and连接的并列句。so
far意为“到目前为止；迄今为止”，作时间状语时常与现在完成时连用。
有类似用法的还有lately，
recently，
in
the
past/last
few
years，
up
to
now等。
[即学即用]
(1)I
have
had
no
reply
from
her
so
far.
我至今没有得到她的答复。
(2)The
scientist
is
doing
experiments
no
one
has
so
far
attempted.
这个科学家正在做一项迄今为止没人做过的实验。
(3)单句语法填空
①I
have
been
pursuing
what
I
want
all
these
years,
but
so
far
I
have_achieved
(achieve)
nothing.
②So
far
the
search
for
the
missing
MH370
has_been
(be)
fruitless.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
said
that
he
had
consulted
his
tutor
about
the
travelling
plan.
2．My
question
is
where
o_find
(find)
the
answer.
3．Progress
has_been
(be)
so
far
very
good
and
we're
sure
that
the
work
will
be
finished
on
time.
4．I
used
to
quarrel
a
lot
with
my
parents
about
small
things,
but
now
we
get
along
well.
5．You
rather
than
I
are
(be)
responsible
for
the
accident.
6．The
woman
was
rewarded
with
a
new
house
for
her
contribution
to
the
company
last
year.
7．I
must
set
an
example
to
this
young
friend.
8．Could
I
speak
to
whoever
is
in
charge
of
International
Sales,
please?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.
So_far
we
have
not
found
an
effective
way
to
cure
AIDS.
我们迄今尚未找到治疗艾滋病的有效办法。
2．I
haven't
decided
whether_to_accept
the
invitation
or
not.
我还没决定是否接受邀请。
3．The
police
tried
to
keep_the_major_roads_open
during
the
Olympics.
警察们设法使主要道路在奥运会期间畅通无阻。
4．I
have_some_problems_talking
in
English,
although
I
have
learned
English
for
almost
one
year.
虽然我已经学了近一年的英语，但是用英语交流还是有些困难。
5．It
is
amazing!
I
ran_across
my
room－mate
this
morning
who
I
hadn't
met
for
10
years.
太令人惊讶了！今早我遇见了我十年未见的室友。
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