高考定语从句
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定语从句
一 作用
This is the best film that i've ever seen.
We only choose the man that is qualified.
His father,who is a lawyer,always play with him no matter how busy he is.
二 形式
一般情况是由 先行词 +关系词，有时也可以 先行词+介词+which,whom
先行词：
关系词：作用
关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成分。
Beijing is the city that/which has got the chance to host the Olympic Games.
The position，for which we are appplying，is not quite a well paid one
注：that既可指人也可指物
难点：关系代词和关系副词如何评判
1 根据先行词的特性判断 见上表
2根据关系词在从句中充当的成分：如果从句在从句中充当主语或宾语则用关系代词，如果充当状语则使用关系副词
小试牛刀一下：
I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day ______we spent in Beijing.
The house _______ we visited is being repaired now.
The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
具体来分析一下各个关系词
1 who和that
指人时，who和that都可以使用，但先行词是anyone，those，he时，一般用who。
(2010·江西临川二中)The employers often give the job to ________ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty.
A．whoever B．whomever
C．who D．those who
2 who和whom
who和whom都可以作从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who。
(2009·)She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．These
3 that和which
(1)下列场合一般只用that：
①先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词。
They went on well at first but eventually everything ________ they had worried about happened.
A．which B．what
C．that D．when
You can only be sure of all ________ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.
A．that; what B．that; /
C．which; that D．what; that
②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时。
(宁波联考)—Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting
—Absolutely，what she's just said is the very idea ________ I want to express.
A．that B．what
C．which D．why
③先行词有两个，一个指人，另一个指物。
He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
A．which B．that
C．whom D．What
4whose的用法
5关系副词where when why的用法
在这一部分中有一下考点
1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况
2Whose 用法及转换形式
3.指人时that 与who的区别
4如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
三定语从句的分类---限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略，不管在从句中充当什么成分。
重点内容1 as 和which引导的非限定性定语从句
2两者的区别
3介词+关系词（which，whom）
四其他考点
1．分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。此时须注意辨别从句的先行词：
The days are gone when we suffered so much.
以前那种受苦难的日子已过去了。
(when引导的定语从句修饰days，中间被谓语are gone隔开)
2．定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
注意：先行词前有one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用复数；先行词前有the(only)one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用单数。
2010·潍坊测试)This is one of the best films ________ this year.
A．they have been shown
B．that has been shown
C．that have been shown
D．which have been shown
课后练习：
2011安徽省高考题
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
一 作用
This is the best film that i've ever seen.
We only choose the man that is qualified.
His father,who is a lawyer,always play with him no matter how busy he is.
二 形式
一般情况是由 先行词 +关系词，有时也可以 先行词+介词+which,whom
先行词：
关系词：作用
关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成分。
Beijing is the city that/which has got the chance to host the Olympic Games.
The position，for which we are appplying，is not quite a well paid one
注：that既可指人也可指物
难点：关系代词和关系副词如何评判
1 根据先行词的特性判断 见上表
2根据关系词在从句中充当的成分：如果从句在从句中充当主语或宾语则用关系代词，如果充当状语则使用关系副词
小试牛刀一下：
I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day ______we spent in Beijing.
The house _______ we visited is being repaired now.
The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
具体来分析一下各个关系词
1 who和that
指人时，who和that都可以使用，但先行词是anyone，those，he时，一般用who。
(2010·江西临川二中)The employers often give the job to ________ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty.
A．whoever B．whomever
C．who D．those who
2 who和whom
who和whom都可以作从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who。
(2009·)She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．These
3 that和which
(1)下列场合一般只用that：
①先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词。
They went on well at first but eventually everything ________ they had worried about happened.
A．which B．what
C．that D．when
You can only be sure of all ________ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future.
A．that; what B．that; /
C．which; that D．what; that
②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时。
(宁波联考)—Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting
—Absolutely，what she's just said is the very idea ________ I want to express.
A．that B．what
C．which D．why
③先行词有两个，一个指人，另一个指物。
He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
A．which B．that
C．whom D．What
4whose的用法
5关系副词where when why的用法
在这一部分中有一下考点
1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况
2Whose 用法及转换形式
3.指人时that 与who的区别
4如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
三定语从句的分类---限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略，不管在从句中充当什么成分。
重点内容1 as 和which引导的非限定性定语从句
2两者的区别
3介词+关系词（which，whom）
四其他考点
1．分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。此时须注意辨别从句的先行词：
The days are gone when we suffered so much.
以前那种受苦难的日子已过去了。
(when引导的定语从句修饰days，中间被谓语are gone隔开)
2．定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
注意：先行词前有one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用复数；先行词前有the(only)one of修饰，定语从句谓语动词用单数。
2010·潍坊测试)This is one of the best films ________ this year.
A．they have been shown
B．that has been shown
C．that have been shown
D．which have been shown
课后练习：
2011安徽省高考题
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while