Module
3 Adventure
in
Literature
and
the
Cinema
Section
Ⅱ Grammar——复习动词时态(Ⅲ)
[语法图解]
[课文原句感知]
①I
don't
want
to
board
a
sinking
ship.
②When
he
heard
that,
the
frightened
man
on
the
floor
started
crying.
③But
I
persuaded
him
to
help
me，and
we
found
the
men's
boat
tied
to
the
other
side
of
the
steamboat.
④We
stayed
inside
the
shelter
we
had
built
and
let
the
raft
sail
down
the
river.
⑤We
climbed
quietly
in
and
as
we
paddled
away
we
heard
the
two
men
shouting.
⑥But
although
I
was
frightened,
I
also
felt
very
curious，so
I
put
my
head
round
the
door.
[语法领悟]
(1)句①用动词不定式作宾语。
(2)句②用过去分词作前置定语，动词?ing形式作宾语。
(3)句③和句④都用了动词不定式作宾补，但句④的不定式省略了to。
(4)句⑤用了动词?ing形式作宾补。
(5)句⑥用了过去分词作表语，另一个黑体词felt为系动词，两个黑体词都构成了系表结构。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语成分的动词形式，它包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们不能在句子中充当谓语，但可充当其他成分，可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或补足语。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．(1)不定式作主语一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
It's
important
for
the
figures
to
be
updated
regularly.
定期更新数据是很重要的。
(2)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...，It's
no
use/good
doing...，It
is
useless
doing...等中。
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
them
out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
2．(1)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作。当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What
I
want
to
do
most
in
senior
high
is
(to)
improve
my
English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My
job
is
cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
3．现在分词、过去分词都可作表语，但现在分词意为“令人……的”；过去分词意为“感到……的”。
Mike
is
very
interested
in
the
interesting
story.
迈克对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。
[名师点津]
不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中经常出现的错误。
[即学即练1]用所给词的适当形式填空
①Walking
(walk)
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
②The
purpose
of
new
technologies
is
to
make
life
easier,
not
to_make
(make)
it
more
difficult.
③It's
useless
arguing
(argue)
with
them.
④It
is
necessary
for
us
to_master
(master)
a
foreign
language.
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1．有些动词后只接不定式作宾语(如句①)，如：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen(碰巧)等。
She
seated
herself
at
a
small
table
in
the
restaurant，waiting
to
be
served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
2．有些动词及短语后只接动名词作宾语，如：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel
like，give
up，put
off，object
to，look
forward
to等。此外，have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.;
have
fun
(in)
doing
sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
Young
people
may
risk
going
deaf
if
they
are
exposed
to
very
loud
music
every
day.
年轻人如果每天都接触音量非常大的音乐就可能有失聪的危险。
3．有些动词后接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同，如：
(1)try
to
do
尽力做……；try
doing
试着去做……
(2)mean
to
do
打算做……；mean
doing
意味着……
(3)regret
to
do遗憾要去做……；regret
doing后悔做过……
(4)remember
to
do
记得去做……；remember
doing记得做过……
(5)forget
to
do忘记去做……；forget
doing
忘记做过……
I
remembered
to
lock
the
door
before
I
left
the
office，but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。
[名师点津]
(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find
out
等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who
等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
[即学即练2]用所给词的适当形式填空
①He
is
considering
buying
(buy)
a
new
house.
②I
meant
to_go
(go),
but
my
father
didn't
allow
me
to.
③Remember
to_tell
(tell)
him
the
news
when
he
comes
back.
④I
remember
returning
(return)
the
book
to
the
library
last
week.
三、非谓语动词作宾补
1．不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call
on，depend
on等。
I
told
Jeff
to
join
the
club，but
he
wouldn't
listen.
我告诉杰夫让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。
2．现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help?
听！你听到有人正在喊救命吗？
3．过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系(如句③)。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。
When
I
came
in，I
found
a
strange
girl
seated
in
the
corner.
我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
[温馨提示]
(1)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have
sth.
done＝get
sth.
done让别人做某事；②have
sb./sth.
doing让……一直做某事；get
sth./sb.
doing
使……开始做某事；③have
sb.
do
sth.＝get
sb.
to
do
sth.让某人做某事。注意：have
sth.
to
do
表示“有……要做”，此结构中，不定式作定语。
(2)let＋宾语＋do，表示“让……做……”。
(3)with的复合结构为：①with＋宾语＋现在分词。表示主动和动作正在进行；②with＋宾语＋过去分词。表示被动和动作已完成；③with＋宾语＋不定式。表示将来。切记：不定式在with的复合结构中用主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With
such
a
short
time
left
before
the
deadline，it
doesn't
seem
likely
that
John
will
finish
the
job.
截止日期之前只留下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do，she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
[即学即练3]用所给词的适当形式填空
①The
doctor
advised
me
to_take
(take)
more
exercise.
②His
joke
made
us
laugh
(laugh)
our
heads
off.
③Someone
was
heard
to_come
(come)
up
the
stairs.
④He
kept
the
car
waiting
(wait)
at
the
gate.
四、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her，but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。
2．序数词，形容词最高级，the
last，the
only
等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way
等。
And
the
best
way
to
strengthen
willpower
is
to
make
it
into
a
habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
[名师点津]
不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式表示被动。
Have
you
got
anything
to
buy?
你有什么东西要买吗？(不定式to
buy的动作执行者是you)
Have
you
got
anything
to
be
bought?
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(不定式to
be
bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
4．当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词作定语；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”
作定语；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词作定语。
Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
being
discussed
here.
我们必须对正在讨论的问题保密。
I'm
going
to
write
an
article
about
the
problem
discussed
at
the
last
meeting.
我准备写一篇有关上次会议上讨论的问题的文章。
[名师点津]
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling
leaves
正在下落的叶子；fallen
leaves落叶
[即学即练4]用所给词的适当形式填空
①He's
always
the
first
one
to_get
(get)
up.
②The
boy
reading
(read)
a
book
by
the
river
is
my
bother.
③You
cannot
accept
an
opinion
offered
(offer)
to
you
unless
it
is
based
on
facts.
五、非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语可用so
as
to/in
order
to替换，意为“为了；想要”，但
so
as
to一般不可置于句首。
Mom
opened
the
window
to
let
some
fresh
air
in.
妈妈打开窗户让一些新鲜空气进来。
Let's
hurry
so
as
not
to
be
late
for
the
meeting.
咱们快点走，免得开会迟到。
(2)不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only
to
do；enough
to
do(足够做……)；too...to
do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as
to...(如此……以至于……)。
He
hurried
to
the
railway
station，only
to
find
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
(3)不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to
do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。
The
boy
was
delighted
to
receive
a
gift
from
his
parents.
收到父母的礼物，这个男孩很开心。
[名师点津]
在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语，如：
Once
plastic
pollution
arises
in
most
public
areas，it
is
hard
to
deal
with.
一旦白色污染在大多数公共区域产生时，就很难处理了。
(4)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
More
freeways
have
been
built
in
China，making
it
much
easier
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.
中国建立了更多的高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更容易。
(5)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given
more
attention，the
tree
could
grow
better.
如果被给予更多的爱护，这棵树会长得更好。
[名师点津]
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly
speaking，talking
of，speaking
of，judging
from/by，taking
everything
into
consideration；compared
to/with；to
be
frank，to
tell(you)the
truth，to
be
honest，to
make
things
worse
等。
[即学即练5]用所给词的适当形式填空
①Not
knowing
(know)
what
to
do,
he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
②They
jumped
for
joy
to_hear
(hear)
the
news.
③Faced
(face)
with
difficulties,
we
must
try
to
overcome
them.
④They're
working
hard
to_fulfill
(fulfill)
the
plan.
连系动词
系动词亦称连系动词(Link
Verb)，本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。有些系动词还是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。系动词主要分为以下六类：
1．状态系动词：用来表示主语的状态，也叫be动词。
I
am
a
student
of
Grade
3.
我是三年级的学生。
2．持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand等。
He
always
kept
silent
at
meetings.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3．表象系动词：用来表示“看起来”这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look等。
He
looks
tired.
他看起来很累。
4．感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel，smell，sound，taste等。
The
water
feels
warm.
这水摸着很暖。
5．变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run等。
The
weather
has
turned
cold
and
windy.
天气变得寒冷多风。
6．终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove，turn
out等，表达“证明，变成”之意。
His
plan
proved
(to
be)
practical.
他的计划被证明是符合实际的。
[名师点津]
系动词(be除外)一般都需要跟形容词而非副词作表语；系动词一般没有被动语态。
[即学即练6]完成句子
①今天奶奶看上去很担心。
Our
grandmother
looks
very
worried
today.
②他总是在会议上保持沉默。
He
always
keeps
silent
at
the
meeting.
③这种布摸起来很软。
This
kind
of
cloth
feels
very
soft.
④随着年龄的增长，我们也变得更聪明了。
We
get
wiser
as
we
get
older.
⑤她最后成了一位著名的歌唱家。
She
finally
became
a
famous
singer.
链接高考——单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
to_see
(see)
the
benefit.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You
may
drink,
smoke,
be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
dying
(die)
early
by
running.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
to_improve
(improve)
water
quality.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
to_stay
(stay)
and
watch.
5．(2018·浙江)Larger
amounts
of
caffeine
can
cause
a
problem
called
(call)
caffeinism.
6．(2018·浙江)One
study
showed
that
women
who
drank
a
lot
of
coffee,
like
eight
or
more
cups
per
day,
while
they
were
pregnant
were
more
likely
to_have
(have)
children
with
birth
defects.
7．(2018·北京)Traveling
(travel)
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
8．(2018·北京)During
the
Mid?Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
to_share
(share)
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
9．(2018·天津)I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph
taken
(take)．
10．(2018·天津)I
didn't
mean
to_eat
(eat)
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
trying
(try)
it.
PAGE
-
9
-Module
3 Adventure
in
Literature
and
the
Cinema
Section
Ⅳ Writing——写一个故事或电影的概要
本单元写作任务是写一个故事或电影的概要。故事或电影概要就是简要地把故事说出来。但在讲述时，时间、地点、人物、事件的经过都要交代清楚，要遵循原文的顺序和意思，清晰地展示故事的概要。
一、基本结构
第一段：介绍书名、作者、主人公和故事背景等；
第二段：简要介绍书中的一些主要情节；
第三段：介绍故事结局。
二、增分佳句
(一)背景及内容介绍
1．The
film...directed
by...tells
us
a
real
story
about...
2．The
story/film
is
set
in...
3．The
writer/director
of
the
story/film
is...
4．There
are...characters
in
the
story/film...
(二)感受及评价
1．I
think
it
is
well
worth
watching.
2．This
is
a
masterpiece
that
I
have
ever
seen.
3．The
story/film
has
a
happy
ending/an
unhappy
ending.
4．This
is
a
very
touching
film/story,
a
must?see.
根据下面提示，简单介绍英国作家丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel
Defoe)的作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》(The
Adventures
of
Robinson
Crusoe)。
要点提示：
1．鲁滨逊出海时沉船，只有他一人活了下来，漂流到海岛上，在海岛上探险，创造属于自己的家园；
2．在沙滩上看见奇怪的脚印，发现吃人的野人(savage)；
3．拯救一个人，给他取名“星期五”；
4．救助船长，重返英国。
注意：词数100个左右。
分析
体裁
说明文
主题
《鲁滨逊漂流记》的简介
人称
第三人称和第一人称
时态
一般现在时为主
布局
第一段：介绍书名、作者、主人公和故事背景；第二段：简要介绍书中的一些主要事件；第三段：故事结局。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．用词
(1)panic
v．(使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
(2)shelter
n.
栖身之地
(3)frightening
adj.
令人恐惧的
(4)terrified
adj.
非常害怕的；极度恐慌的
(5)give_an_account_of
描述
(6)go_under
下沉
(7)set_out_to_do_sth.
开始做某事
2．造句
(1)它讲述了英国人鲁滨逊·克鲁索的故事。(give
an
account
of)
It
gives
an
account
of
Robinson
Crusoe，who
is
an
English
man.
(2)他的船沉入了海中。(go
under)
His
boat
went
under
in
the
sea.
(3)最后他发现自己到了一个岛上。(find＋宾语＋介词短语作宾补)
Finally
he
finds
himself
on
a
lonely
island.
(4)他并没有惊慌失措，而是开始建造一间小屋作为住所，并自己种植粮食。(set
out
to
do)
He
isn't
panicked
but
sets
out
to
build
a
hut
as
a
shelter，as
well
as
growing
his
own
food.
(5)在海滩上，他曾经发现奇怪的、令人恐惧的脚印和吃人的野人，令他非常害怕。(make＋宾语＋形容词作宾补)
On
the
beach，he
once
finds
strange
frightening
footprints
and
savages
eating
people，which
makes
him
very
terrified.
(6)用名词短语作同位语和whose引导的定语从句合并句(1)和句(2)
It_gives_an_account_of_Robinson_Crusoe,_an_English_man_whose_boat_went_under_in_the_sea.
(7)用分词作状语改写句(5)
On_the_beach,_he_once_finds_strange_frightening_footprints_and_savages_eating_people,_making_him_very_terrified.
3．成篇
The_Adventures_of_Robinson_Crusoe_is_a_novel_written_by_the_English_author_Daniel_Defoe._It_gives_an_account_of_Robinson_Crusoe，an_English_man_whose_boat_went_under_in_the_sea._Finally_he_finds_himself_in_a_lonely_island._He_isn't_panicked_but_sets_out_to_build_a_hut_as_a_shelter，as_well_as_growing_his_own_food.
On_the_beach，he_once_finds_strange_frightening_footprints_and_savages_eating_people，making_him_very_terrified._He_once_rescues_a_young_native_he_calls_Friday_and_they_become_close_friends.
Four_years_later，an_English_ship_appears，and_the_captain_gets_Crusoe's_help._As_a_reward，the_captain_takes_Crusoe_and_Friday_back_to_England.
PAGE
-
3
-Module
3 Adventure
in
Literature
and
the
Cinema
名人名言话文学 Literature
is
the
fruit
of
thinking
souls.
文学是灵魂思考的结果。
——Carlyle
It
takes
a
great
deal
of
history
to
produce
a
little
literature.
需要大量的史实才能创作一件小小的文学作品。
——Henry
James
National
literature
begins
with
fables
and
ends
with
novels.
一个国家的文学始于寓言，终于小说。
——Joubert
The
decline
of
literature
indicates
the
decline
of
the
nation.The
two
keep
pace
in
their
downward
tendency.
文学的衰落指明这个国家的衰落。两者以同一步伐走向下坡路。
——Goethe
Life
comes
before
literature，as
the
material
always
comes
before
the
work.
The
hills
are
full
of
marble
before
the
world
bloom
with
statues.
生活先于文学，正如材料先于产品。在世上拥有大量雕像之前，山中已藏有大理石了。
——Philips
Brooke
Literature
exists
for
the
sake
of
the
people—to
refresh
the
weary，to
console
the
sad，to
hearten
the
dull
and
downcast,
to
increase
man's
interest
in
the
world，his
joy
of
living，and
his
sympathy
in
all
sorts
and
conditions
of
man.
文学是为人民而存在的，它使倦怠者获得精神，悲苦者得到安慰，沮丧者受到鼓舞，它促进人们对于世界的兴趣，对于生之欢娱以及对各式各样人物的同情。
——Manton
开启快乐学习之旅
值得推荐的冒险小说
1．The
Adventures
of
Tom
Sawyer
《汤姆·索亚历险记》
作者：马克·吐温(美国)
2．Life
of
Pi
《少年派的奇幻漂流》
作者：扬·马特尔(加拿大)
3．The
Adventures
of
Robinson
Crusoe
《鲁滨逊漂流记》
作者：丹尼尔·笛福(英国)
4．Treasure
Island
《金银岛》
作者：罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森(英国)
5．Around
the
World
in
Eighty
Days
《八十天环游地球》
作者：儒勒·凡尔纳(法国)
模块核心素养导航
主题语境：人与社会
主题群：文学艺术与体育
语篇类型：记叙文
文化意识
语言能力
(1)词汇知识：lie，tie，solve，panic，curious，fright，terrified，resemble，force，establish，disturb，create，warn，determined，make
up，be/feel
in
the
mood
(for
sth./to
do
sth.)，set...in，set
off，have
connection
with等的用法。(2)语法知识：复习动词的?ed和?ing形式，以及动词不定式；学习look等连系动词的用法。(3)语用知识：学会使用间接引语。
了解中外优秀文学作品和著名作家，增强人文素养；理解和欣赏部分英语优秀文学作品(戏剧、诗歌、小说等)，获得积极的人生态度和价值观念的启示。
Module
3 Adventure
in
Literature
and
the
Cinema
SectionⅠ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．biography
n.
(由他人撰写的)传记
2．fantasy
n.
幻想；想象
3．detective
n.
侦探
4．account
n.
叙述；描写；报道
5．raft
n.
木排；木筏
6．paddle
vi.
用桨划(小船)
7．rope
n.
绳子
8．beard
n.
胡须
9．crawl
vi.
爬行；匍匐前进
10．trunk
n.
树干
11．solve
vt.解决→solution
n．解决方法
12．murderer
n．凶手；谋杀犯→murder
v．&
n．谋杀
13．company
n.
陪伴；做伴→companion
n．同伴；伙伴
14．pour
vi.
(雨)倾盆而下
15．shelter
n.
遮蔽物；栖身之地
16．lie
vi.
说谎；撒谎
17．panic
vt.(使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措→panicked过去式→panicked过去分词
18．curious
adj.好奇的→curiously
adv.好奇地→curiosity
n．好奇心
19．tie
vt.
(用绳、带等)绑；系；拴
20．fright
n．恐惧；害怕→frighten
v．使害怕→frightened
adj.感到害怕的→frightening
adj.令人害怕的
21．terrified
adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的→terrify
v．使害怕；使恐慌→terrifying
adj.令人害怕的；令人极度恐慌的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．have_connection_with
与……有联系
/
有关联
2．run_away
(秘密地)逃跑
3．look_like
看起来像
4．take_away
拿走，取走
5．at_first
起初，刚开始
6．die_of_fright
吓死
7．persuade_sb._to_do_sth.
劝说某人做某事
8．out_of_breath
上气不接下气
9．pour
down
倾盆而下
10．to
one's
astonishment
令某人吃惊的是
11．sail
down
the
river
沿河顺流而下
12．by
the
light
of
the
lightning
借着闪电的光亮
13．half
in
and
half
out
of
the
water
一半在水中一半在水面上
14．keep
as
quiet
as
mice
悄悄地，像老鼠一样安静
15．have
enough
of
sb.
受够了某人
16．a
couple
of
minutes
几分钟，一会儿
17．feel
bad
about
对……感到内疚，对……感到难过
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．过了一会儿，吉姆说：“看起来似乎它要沉下去了。”
“It
looks
as
if
it'll
go
under
soon”，Jim
said，after
a
couple
of
minutes.
2．于是我们划了过去，悄无声息地爬上了汽船。
So
we
paddled
over
and
climbed
on
to
the
steamboat，keeping
as
quiet
as
mice.
3．周围都很黑，但我能看见一个人正躺在地板上，被绳子捆着。
It
was
quite
dark，but
I
could
see
a
man
lying
on
the
floor，tied
up
with
rope.
课文预读
——————————————————————————
译文助读
汽船
后半夜来了一场大的暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。我们躲进了自己搭起来的避雨棚，让木筏沿河顺流而下。突然，借着闪电的光亮，我们看到河中央有东西。一开始它看上去像座房子，但后来我们意识到它是一艘汽船。它触礁了，一半沉到水里，一半露在水面。我们正径直朝着它驶去。
“看起来它好像快要沉了。”过了一会儿，吉姆说。
“我们去看看。”我说。
“我可不想上一艘要沉的船。”吉姆说。但当我提出我们可能在船上找到一些有用的东西时，他同意去了。于是我们划了过去，像老鼠一样悄无声息地爬上了汽船。使我们大为惊讶的是，有间船舱里还亮着一盏灯。接着我们听到有人在喊：“哦，求你了，哥们儿，别杀我！我不会告诉任何人的！”
一个男人用生气的声音回应道：“你在撒谎，上次你也是这么说的。我们要杀了你。”
吉姆听到这些话后，恐惧万分，向木筏跑了过去。而我尽管害怕，但也感到十分好奇，于是就把头凑向了那扇门。四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着躺在地板上。有两个男人围着他站着。其中一个是矮个儿，留着络腮胡子。另外一个是高个儿，手里拿着什么东西，看起来像是一把枪。
“我受够你了。我现在就要毙了你。”这个男子说。显然他就是之前威胁躺在地上的人的那个人。并且在他手中的是一把枪。
“不，别那么做。”那个矮个儿男子说，“我们把他扔在这儿吧。这只船再过两个小时就沉了，他也就跟船一起沉了。”
听到那话后，那个在地上已被吓傻的人开始哭了起来。“听起来他好像就要吓死了！”我想。“我得设法去救他！”
我沿着甲板爬行，找到了吉姆，并告诉他我所听到的。我说：“我们必须找到他们的船并弄走它，然后他们就不得不待在这儿了。”
吉姆看上去很害怕，他说：“我不想待在这儿。”但我说服他帮我，我们发现他们的小船拴在汽船的另一边。我们悄悄地爬上了小船。就在我们划着小船离开时，我听到那两个人在喊叫。那时我们离他们有一段距离，已经安全了。但现在我开始为我们所做的感到愧疚了。我不想让那三个人都死掉。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
one_of_the_stories_that_happened_
while_Huck_and_Jim_were_sailing_down_the_Mississippi_River_on_a_raft,_which_describes_what_Huck_and_Jim_saw_and_what_they_did.
2．Match
the
following
paragraphs
with
their
main
ideas.
Para.1—3
A.We
took
away
the
boat
tied
to
the
steamboat.
Para.4—8
B.We
saw
a
steamboat.
Para.9—11
C.What
happened
on
the
steamboat.
答案：Para.1—3 B Para.4—8 C Para.9—11 A
3．Put
the
sentences
in
order
according
to
time.
A．We
heard
three
people
talking
in
a
cabin.
B．When
Jim
and
I
left
the
boat,
I
began
to
regret.
C．We
were
staying
inside
the
shelter
when
we
saw
a
steamboat.
D．Jim
and
I
climbed
on
to
the
steamboat.
E．The
man
lying
on
the
ground
began
to
cry.
答案：CDAEB
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．From
the
first
paragraph，they
found
the
steamboat
________.
A．stopped
at
the
side
of
the
river
B．had
hit
a
rock
and
was
on
the
way
to
sink
C．had
hit
a
rock
and
had
sunk
under
the
river
D．sailing
down
in
the
middle
of
the
river
答案：B
2．Why
did
the
two
men
want
to
kill
the
man
lying
on
the
floor?
A．Because
they
didn't
like
him.
B．Because
they
thought
the
man
would
let
out
their
secret.
C．Because
the
man
broke
the
steamboat.
D．Because
the
man
was
an
enemy
they
had
caught.
答案：B
3．To
their
astonishment，they
found
on
the
steamboat
that
________.
A．there
was
a
light
in
one
of
the
cabins
and
two
people
were
dead
B．there
were
some
people
fighting
on
the
boat
C．two
people
wanted
to
kill
another
one
in
one
of
the
cabins
D．nothing
happened
because
they
were
frightened
to
get
away
from
the
boat
soon
答案：C
4．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
man
was
saved
by
them.
B．The
two
men
could
find
them
stealing
their
boat.
C．The
three
men
died
at
last.
D．The
steamboat
would
sink
into
the
water.
答案：B
StepⅢ
After
reading
After
midnight
it
began
to
pour
down
so
Huck
and
Jim
had
to
stay
inside
the
shelter.
__1__
(sudden)，they
saw
a
steamboat
__2__
the
middle
of
the
river
by
the
light
of
the
lightning.
They
paddled
over
and
climbed
on
to
the
sinking
steamboat，hoping
to
get
something
__3__
(use).
To
their
astonishment，they
saw
a
light
and
heard
one
man
threatening
to
kill
__4__
other
man.
Jim
__5__
(panic)
and
ran
back
to
the
raft.
Huck
remained
feeling
curious
about
__6__
was
happening.
Learning
that
two
men
wanted
to
shoot
the
one
__7__
(lie)
on
the
floor，Huck
decided
to
save
the
man，so
he
persuaded
Jim
__8__
(help)
him
take
away
the
men's
boat
__9__
(tie)
to
the
steamboat.
When
they
were
a
safe
__10__
(distant)
away,
Huck
began
to
feel
bad
about
doing
that.
1．Suddenly 2.in 3.useful 4.the 5.panicked
6．what 7.lying 8.to_help 9.tied 10.distance
account
n.叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户
v.说明；解释；占?一定数量或比例?；认为是，视为
(教材P21)A
true
account
of
the
past.
一个对过去的真实的叙述。
[归纳拓展]
(1)give
an
account
of
对……进行描述
take...into
account＝take
account
of
考虑到……，把……考虑在内
on
account
of
因为，由于
on
no
account
决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)account
for
占；解释；导致；对……负责
[品读高考]
(2017·江苏)This
book
also
gives
an
account
of
the
lives
of
lesser?known
individuals.
这本书还讲述了一些不太为人所知的人的生活。
[经典例句]
The
policeman
gave
an
account
of
the
traffic
accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
When
judging
his
performance，we
should
take
his
age
into
account.
评价他的表演时，我们应该把他的年龄考虑在内。
Innocent
people
get
into
trouble
on
account
of
others'
misfortune.
城门失火，殃及池鱼。
On
no
account
should
we
give
up
the
plan.
我们决不放弃这个计划。
The
women
teachers
account
for
30%
of
all
the
staff
in
our
school.
女教师占我们全校职工的30%。
[名师点津]
on
no
account位于句首，主句要部分倒装。类似的还有：by
no
means，in
no
way，on
no
condition，at
no
time等。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Can
you
account
for
how
the
money
got
into
your
bag?
②He
has
a
bad
name
on
account
of
his
dishonesty.
③We
should
take
the
interests
of
the
whole
into
account.
④On
no
account
must
you
accept
any
money
if
he
offers
you.
2
派生词：liar
n．说谎者
(教材P22)You're
lying.
You
said
that
last
time.
We're
going
to
kill
you.
你在撒谎，上次你也是这么说的。我们要杀了你。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In
fact，the
key
to
easy
morning
wake?up
lies
in
resetting
your
body
clock.
事实上，让你早上容易醒来的关键在于重置你的生物钟。
[经典例句]
Lies
could
never
cover
up
facts.
谎言永远掩盖不了事实。
Don't
tell
a
lie
any
more，or
most
people
will
lose
faith
in
you.
不要再说谎了，否则大部分人将不会再相信你了。
I
can
tell
from
your
face
you
are
lying
to
me.
我从你的脸上看出你在对我撒谎。
Lie
down
on
your
bed
and
make
yourself
comfortable.
躺在床上，身体放松。
Man's
greatness
lies
in
his
power
of
thought.
人的伟大之处在于他的思想的力量。
I
decided
to
lie
on
my
stomach
there
to
have
a
rest
because
I
was
so
tired.
我决定在那里趴着休息一下，因为我太累了。
[语境串记]
Tom
told
his
mother
that
he
was
lying
on
the
bed.
Actually
he
was
lying
to
his
mother.
At
last,
his
mother
scolded
him
and
told
him
that
lies
could
not
cover
up
facts.
汤姆告诉妈妈他正躺在床上。事实上他在对他母亲撒谎。最后，他的母亲责备了他，告诉他谎言掩盖不了事实。
[易混辨析]
lie/lay
原形
含义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺；位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置；产卵
laid
laid
laying
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①I
saw
him
lying
(lie)
in
bed，looking
at
some
of
the
picture
we
had
taken
together.
②I
had
been
lying
to
myself，pretending
that
everything
was
fine.
③He
lost
the
sale
of
twenty
papers
because
he
would
not
tell
a
lie,
but
got
a
well?paid
job
because
he
told
the
truth.
④True
happiness
lies
in
achieving
wealth
by
fair
means.
3
派生词：panicky
adj.恐慌的；惊慌失措的
过去式panicked；过去分词panicked；现在分词panicking
(教材P22)When
he
heard
these
words,
Jim
panicked
and
ran
to
the
raft.
当吉姆听到这些话时，他惊慌失措并且跑向木筏。
[归纳拓展]
[品读高考]
(2015·湖南)My
panic
was
rising
and
I
could
feel
my
heart
beating
wildly.
我的恐慌在加剧，我能感觉到我的心在疯狂地跳动。
[经典例句]
The
war
panicked
many
people
into
escaping
from
their
hometown.
这场战争使得很多人惊慌失措地逃离家园。
Office
workers
fled
in
panic
as
the
fire
happened.
起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Often
people
in
a
panic
will
do
foolish
things.
②Some
people
were
panicked
into
selling
(sell)
stocks.
③She
got
into
a
panic
when
she
thought
she'd
forgotten
the
tickets.
4
派生词：curiosity
n．好奇心
curiously
adv.好奇地
(教材P22)But
although
I
was
frightened，I
also
felt
very
curious,
so
I
put
my
head
round
the
door.
而尽管我很害怕，但也感到十分好奇，于是就把头凑向了那扇门。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
curious
about
对……感到好奇
be
curious
to
do
sth.
很想做某事
It
is
curious
that...
奇怪的是……
(2)out
of
curiosity
出于好奇
satisfy
sb.'s
curiosity满足某人的好奇心
with
curiosity
带着好奇心；好奇地
[品读高考]
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Students
are
being
dared
to
draw
a
picture,
write
an
article,
take
a
photo
or
write
a
poem
that
shows
what
they
are
curious
about.
学生们可以画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或者写一首诗来表达他们对什么好奇。
[经典例句]
Children
are
curious
about
the
world
around
them.
孩子们对周围的世界感到好奇。
She
is
curious
to
know
what
they
are
talking
about.
她很想知道他们在谈论什么。
He
opened
the
letter
addressed
to
his
sister
out
of
curiosity.
他出于好奇拆开了写给他妹妹的信。
[语境串记]
The
girl
was
curious
to
know
what
was
inside
the
box.
So
she
ran
to
her
mother
and
asked
curiously,
“Mommy,
can
you
open
the
box
for
me？”
His
mother
agreed
to
open
it
to
satisfy
the
girl's
curiosity.
女孩想知道盒子里面是什么。于是她跑向母亲，好奇地问道：“妈妈，你能帮我打开盒子吗？”她妈妈同意打开它来满足女孩的好奇心。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①We
were
curious
to_know
(know)
where
she
had
gone.
②Curiously
(curious)
enough,
he
seems
to
have
known
what
he
would
do
next.
③It
is
very
curious
that
he
left
without
saying
goodbye.
④It
is
the
custom
to
dye
eggs
at
Easter,
but
children
want
to
know
the
reason
with
curiosity
(curious)．
(教材P21)Huckleberry
Finn
(or
just
Huck)
is
a
teenage
boy
who
has
run
away
from
home.
哈克贝利·费恩(或哈克)是一个离家出走的少年。
[归纳拓展]
run
away
from
从……逃跑，逃离
run
across
偶遇
run
after
追赶
run
down
撞倒
run
into
撞上；陷于；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run
out(指物)用完；耗尽
run
out
of(指人)用完，耗尽(物)
run
over
碾过，压过；(液体)溢出
[品读高考]
(2015·广东)While
making
great
efforts
to
run
away,
she
fell
over
the
hill
and
died.
当她努力逃跑时，从山上摔下来死了。
[经典例句]
He
ran
away
from
the
prison
though
the
guards
watched
closely.
尽管守卫看管得很紧，他还是从监狱里逃跑了。
I
ran
across
an
old
friend
in
the
street
the
other
day.
几天之前我在街上碰到一位老朋友。
If
you
run
after
two
hares,
you
will
catch
neither.
同时追两只兔子，一只也逮不着。
I
nearly
ran
into
a
bus
when
it
stopped
suddenly
in
front
of
me.
前面一辆公共汽车突然停住，我险些撞上。
The
girl
was
run
down
by
a
bus
when
she
crossed
the
street.
当女孩过马路时，被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
Hurry!
Our
time
is
running
out.
In
other
words，we
are
running
out
of
time.
快点！我们时间快到了。换句话说，我们没时间了。
[语境串记]
The
thief
tried
to
run
away
from
the
crowd
but
many
people
ran
after
him
to
stop
him
from
escaping.
The
thief
was
so
nervous
that
he
ran
into
a
big
tree
and
was
caught
finally.
小偷试图从人群中逃走，但许多人追赶他，阻止他逃跑。小偷非常紧张，他撞到一棵大树上，最后被抓住了。
[即学即练]完成句子
①比利不住在这里了。他离家出走了。
Billy
doesn't
live
here
anymore.
He
ran
away
from
home.
②突然，他发现他把盐用完了。
Suddenly，he
found
that
he
had
run
out
of
salt.
③他能在时间耗尽之前拯救他们吗？
Can
he
save
them
before
time
runs
out?
④他了解到许多孩子经常遇到麻烦，所以决定做些事情来解决这个问题。
Knowing
that
many
kids
often
ran
into
trouble，he
decided
to
do
something
about
it.
本句中as
if＝as
though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
[归纳拓展]
?1?如果as
if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。
?2?如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时?从句中be动词常用were?；
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”
(3)as
if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When
fat
and
salt
are
removed
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
除去食物中的脂肪和盐，食物尝起来好像少了什么。
[经典例句]
The
child
talks
to
us
as
if
he
were
a
grown?up.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
She
looks
as
if
nothing
had
happened
to
her.
她看起来好像什么事都没发生过似的。
He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
She
stood
at
the
gate
as
if
waiting
for
someone.
她站在门口好像在等人。
The
student
raised
his
hand
as
if
to
ask
a
question.
那个学生举起手好像要问问题。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①She
loves
the
boy
as
if
he
were
(be)
her
own
son.
②He
stared
at
me
as
if
seeing
(see)
me
for
the
first
time.
③It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had_done
(do)
it?
④School
started,
but
I
felt
more
and
more
as
if
I
were
(be)
in
a
foreign
country.
It
was
quite
dark，but
I
could
see
a
man
lying
on
the
floor，tied
up
with
rope.
周围都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着躺在地板上。
句中为“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中lying
on
the
floor为现在分词短语作宾补，tied
up
with
rope为过去分词短语作宾补。
[归纳拓展]
感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，notice，observe，find等后接复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)时，宾补通常有三种形式：
(1)感官动词＋宾语＋do
sth.“做了……”，表示动作全过程，宾补和宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系。(此结构变成被动语态时，原来不带to的不定式要加上to。)
(2)感官动词＋宾语＋doing
sth.“正在做……”，表示动作正在进行，宾补和宾语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。
(3)感官动词＋宾语＋done
sth.“……被做”，表示动作已经完成或表示状态，宾补与宾语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。
[品读高考]
(2015·陕西)Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa,
Dr
Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
李大夫在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。
[经典例句]
I
heard
the
students
singing
an
English
song.
我听到学生们正在唱一首英文歌。
There
was
a
person
who
had
seen
the
man
killed.
有人看到过这个人被杀了。
He
was
seen
to
put
a
beautiful
box
in
the
case.
他被看到把一个漂亮的盒子放进了柜子里。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①I
felt
my
heart
beating
(beat)
faster
than
before
when
I
bumped
into
the
thief.
②He
was
seen
to_be_taken
(take)
away
by
a
policeman.
③I
heard
him
arrested
(arrest)
by
the
police
for
selling
ecstasy.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Sherlock
Holmes
is
one
of
the
most
famous
detectives
in
the
world.
2．He
was
too
shocked
to
give
an
account
of
what
had
happened.
3．I'm
really
curious
about
how
she
lost
so
much
weight
in
such
a
short
time.
4．Many
homeless
people
are
sleeping
in
the
open
because
they
have
no
shelter.
5．We
must
not
pour
cold
water
on
their
enthusiasm.
6．I
love
reading
history
and
especially
biography
(传记)．
7．He
is
a
wonderful
companion
(伙伴)
and
we
can
talk
for
hours
on
end.
8．The
murderer
(凶手)
was
caught
on
the
spot.
9．We're
trying
to
solve
(解决)
the
difficult
problem
by
ourselves.
10．For
the
sake
of
your
safety,
you
should
tie
(系上)
your
seatbelt.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
have
connection
with；be
curious
about；
to
one's
astonishment；
out
of
breath；look
like；take
away；pour
down；run
away；die
of；feel
bad
about
1．The
thief
had_run_away
before
the
policemen
arrived.
2．To_our_astonishment，Tom，who
is
poor
in
his
lessons，should
have
passed
all
the
exams.
3．Suddenly
the
rain
began
to
pour_down.
4．The
stars
look_like
diamonds
in
the
sky.
5．Does
smoking
have_connection_with
his
lung
cancer?
6．She
was
so
fat
that
soon
she
was
out_of_breath
after
climbing
the
stairs.
7．Apart
from
heart
disease
and
cancer，most
Americans
die_of
natural
causes.
8．When
you
leave，don't
forget
to
take_away
all
your
belongings.
9．I
feel_bad_about
not
being
able
to
help
you.
10．Don't
be_curious_about
things
you
are
not
supposed
to
know.
Ⅲ.一句多译
因腿部伤痛，姚明不得不离开自己深爱的篮球队。
1．Yao
Ming
had
to
leave
his
beloved
basketball
team
on
account
of
his
injured
legs.
2．Yao
Ming
had
to
leave
his
beloved
basketball
team
as
a
result
of
his
injured
legs.
3．Yao
Ming
had
to
leave
his
beloved
basketball
team
because
of
his
injured
legs.
很显然威廉和这起案件有关。
4．It
is
obvious
that
William
has
connection
with
the
case.
5．It
is
obvious
that
William
is
related
to
the
case.
PAGE
-
16
-Module
3 Adventure
in
Literature
and
the
Cinema
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．outline
n.
外形；轮廓
2．comedy
n.
喜剧
3．fiction
n.
虚构或幻想出来的事
4．shallow
adj.
浅的
5．adolescent
n.
青少年
6．penny
n.
(硬币)便士；(美)分
7．pilot
n.
领航员
8．disturb
vt.
打扰→disturbed
adj.心神不安的→disturbing
adj.令人不安的
9．romantic
adj.
浪漫的；关于爱情的→romance
n．浪漫；浪漫故事
10．review
n．(影视、音乐)评论
11．resemble
vt.
与……相似
12．create
vt.
塑造；创作→creation
n．创作；创造；创建→creative
adj.创造的；创造性的；有创造力的→creativity
n．创造性；创造力
13．exception
n.
例外→except
prep.除了……之外
14．warn
vt.
警告→warning
n．提醒；警告；告诫
15．determined
adj.
坚决的→determine
v．决定→determination
n．坚定；决心
16．force
vt.
强迫；迫使
17．vivid
adj.(描述)生动的；逼真的
18．establish
vt.
确立；确定；建立
19．reputation
n.
名誉；名望；声望
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．play_a_trick_on_sb.
捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧
2．make_up
编造(说法、解释等)
3．set...in
设置……背景
4．be/feel_in_the_mood_(for_sth./to_do_sth.)
有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
5．make_one's_fortune
发财
6．set_off
出发；启程
7．to
start
with
首先
8．hang
on
a
minute
稍等一下
9．get
a
move
on
赶快
10．make
one's
way
(辛苦地)前进；前行
11．lead
a．..life
过着……的生活
12．without
a
penny
身无分文
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．他想乘船去亚马逊，他认为在那里他很快就会富起来。
He
wanted
to
take
a
boat
to
the
Amazon，where
he
thought
he
could
get
rich
quickly.
2．他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
He
arrived
in
New
Orleans
without
a
penny
in
his
pocket
only
to
find
that
there
were
no
boats
for
South
America.
3．被迫改变了他的计划，他在一艘汽船上当了好几年领航员，带着乘客往返于密西西比河……
Forced
to
change
his
plans，he
worked
for
several
years
as
a
pilot
on
a
steamboat，taking
passengers
up
and
down
the
Mississippi...
课文预读
————————————————————————————
译文助读
马克·吐温的一生
作家们的生活往往和他们塑造的人物的生活很相似。马克·吐温也不例外，他写了《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和《汤姆·索亚历险记》。首先，作者的名字——马克·吐温，本身就是创造的，或者说是“笔名”。吐温的真名是塞缪尔·克莱门斯。“马克·吐温”意为“水深两浔”，是密西西比河上的水手们用来警告同船水手们他们正进入浅水区的口号。
像哈克一样，马克·吐温也曾有过冒险的生涯。他很早就辍学了，当时还是一名青少年，就决心到南美洲去发财。他从位于密苏里州的家乡汉尼拔动身去了新奥尔良。他想乘船去亚马逊河，他认为在那里他很快就会富起来。他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船。他被迫改变了计划，在一艘汽船上当了好几年领航员，带着乘客在密西西比河上来来往往。这条大河从加拿大边境附近的美国北部流向墨西哥湾。
后来他成了一名记者并开始写有关河上生活的故事。吐温对河上生活形象而又时常逗人发笑的描述很快就受到了欢迎，并确立了他今天仍然享有的美国最伟大的作家之一的声誉。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
Look
through
the
passage
quickly
and
decide
if
the
statements
are
true
or
false.
1．Mark
Twain's
life
didn't
resemble
the
lives
of
the
characters
he
created.
( F )
2．Mark
Twain
led
an
adventurous
life
when
he
was
young.
( T )
3．Mark
Twain
began
to
write
stories
when
he
worked
on
a
steamboat.
( F )
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．From
the
first
paragraph，we
can
know
that
________.
A．Mark
Twain's
life
was
full
of
adventures
B．Mark
Twain
was
just
Huckleberry
Finn
C．Mark
Twain
was
an
actor
D．Mark
Twain
was
the
real
name
of
the
author
答案：A
2．From
the
text，we
can
know
that
________.
A．Mark
Twain
was
a
college
student
B．Mark
Twain
was
born
in
a
rich
family
and
his
father
left
him
a
lot
of
fortune
C．Mark
Twain
left
school
early
and
he
went
to
make
his
own
fortune
D．Mark
Twain
started
writing
early
and
made
his
fortune
in
California
答案：C
3．Mark
Twain
decided
to
take
a
boat
to
the
Amazon
________.
A．because
he
could
write
the
book
The
Adventure
of
Huckleberry
Finn
there
B．because
he
wanted
to
meet
Huckleberry
Finn
there
C．and
he
arrived
in
the
South
America
as
he
wished
D．but
he
found
no
boat
there
at
all
and
so
he
had
to
change
his
plan
答案：D
4．From
the
passage
we
can
see
that
________.
A．like
many
writers，Mark
Twain
wrote
his
stories
on
the
basis
of
his
own
life
experiences
B．Mark
Twain
was
famous
for
his
stories
only
in
the
last
century
C．Mark
Twain
was
famous
as
an
American
writer
but
he
grew
up
in
Canada
D．Mark
Twain
used
to
be
a
traveler
to
collect
materials
for
his
writing
答案：A
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
Often
the
lives
of
writers
resemble
the
lives
of
the
characters
they
create.
Mark
Twain
was
no
__1__
(except)．
Mark
Twain
led
__2__
adventurous
life.
He
left
school
early,
and
as
an
adolescent,
he
set
off
from
his
home
to
make
his
fortune
in
South
America.
He
wanted
to
take
a
boat
to
the
Amazon,
__3__
he
thought
he
could
get
rich
quickly.
He
__4__
(arrive)
in
New
Orleans
without
a
penny
in
his
pocket
only
__5__
(find)
that
there
were
no
boats
for
South
America.
Forced
to
change
his
plans，he
worked
for
several
years
__6__
a
pilot
on
a
steamboat，__7__
(take)
passengers
up
and
down
the
Mississippi.
Later
he
became
a
journalist
and
began
writing
stories
about
life
on
the
river.
Twain's
vivid
and
often
__8__
(amuse)
descriptions
of
life
on
the
river
__9__
(quick)
became
popular,
and
established
the
reputation
he
still
enjoys
today
as
one
of
America's
greatest
__10__
(write)．
1．exception 2.an 3.where 4.arrived 5.to_find
6．as 7.taking 8.amusing 9.quickly 10.writers
1
派生词：disturbed
adj.心神不安的；精神失常的
disturbing
adj.令人不安的；使人震惊的
disturbance
n．骚动；动乱；打扰；干扰
(教材P25)“Who
is
it
disturbing
me
at
this
time
of
night？”
said
the
captain.
船长问道：“是谁在夜间这个时候打扰我呀？”
[归纳拓展]
(1)Don't
disturb!
请勿打扰！
(2)It's
disturbing
that...
……令人不安
disturbing
experiences/news烦恼的经历/消息
[品读高考]
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If
someone
knocks
and
it's
not
an
important
matter,
excuse
yourself
and
let
the
person
know
you're
busy
so
they
can
get
the
hint
(暗示)
that
when
the
door
is
closed,
you're
not
to
be
disturbed.
如果有人敲门，但又不是什么要紧的事，那就找个借口让他知道你很忙，这样他就能得到关门时不打扰你的暗示。
[经典例句]
She
opened
the
door
quietly
so
as
not
to
disturb
the
sleeping
child.
她轻轻地开门，以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。
He
had
told
her
that
disturbing
news,
which
made
me
feel
very
disturbed.
他已经告诉了她那个令人不安的消息，这使我心神不安。
[语境串记]
All
the
parents
were
disturbed
by
the
disturbing
news.
That
is
to
say,
the
news
disturbed
all
the
parents
and
it
caused
disturbance
in
their
heart.
所有的父母都被这个令人不安的消息弄得心烦意乱。也就是说，这个消息扰乱了所有的父母，引起了他们内心的骚动。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Find
a
quiet,
warm,
comfortable
room
where
you
won't
be_disturbed
(disturb)．
②Poor
educational
performance
is
related
to
emotional
disturbance
(disturb)．
③Hearing
the
disturbing
(disturb)
news,
he
felt
very
disturbed
(disturb)．
2
派生词：warning
n．警告；警报
(教材P29)“Mark
Twain”，
which
means
“watermark
two”，
was
a
call
used
by
sailors
on
the
Mississippi
to
warn
shipmates
that
they
were
coming
into
shallow
water.
“马克·吐温”意为“水深两浔”，是密西西比河上水手们用来警告同船水手们他们要进入浅水区的口号。
[归纳拓展]
(1)warn
sb.
of
sth.
警告某人当心某事
warn
sb.
to
do
sth.
提醒某人做某事
warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
＝warn
sb.
against
(doing)
sth.
警告某人不要做某事
warn
sb.
that...警告/提醒某人……
(2)without
warning
没有预告地；突然地
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)Children
as
young
as
ten
are
becoming
dependent
on
social
media
for
their
sense
of
self?worth,
a
major
study
warned.
一项大型研究警告称，10岁的孩子就开始依赖社交媒体来获得自我价值感。
[经典例句]
The
leader
warned
us
of
the
serious
situation.
领导警告我们面临的严重形势。
She
would
sometimes
warn
me
to
be
careful
of
certain
persons;
often,
she
turned
out
to
be
right.
有时候，她会提醒我提防某些人，结果证明她通常是对的。
The
doctor
warned
the
patient
against
smoking
any
longer.
＝The
doctor
warned
the
patient
not
to
smoke
any
longer.
医生警告病人不要再吸烟。
We've
just
heard
a
warning
on
the
radio
that
a
typhoon
may
be
on
the
way.
我们刚从电台听到了台风可能要来的警报。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Doctors
issued
a
warning
(warn)
against
eating
any
fish
caught
in
the
river.
②He
has
been
warned
of
danger
of
driving
after
wine.
③They
were
warned
not
to_climb
(climb)the
mountain
in
such
bad
weather.
④Children
must
be_warned
(warn)
to
stay
away
from
main
roads.
3
词根：determine
v．决定
派生词：determination
n．坚定；决心
(教材P29)He
left
school
early,
and
as
an
adolescent,
determined
to
make
his
fortune
in
South
America,
set
off
from
his
home
in
Hannibal,
Missouri,
for
New
Orleans.
他很早就辍学了，当时还是一名青少年，他决定到南美洲发财。他从位于密苏里州的家乡汉尼拔出发去了新奥尔良。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事
be
determined
that...
决定……；坚信……
(2)determine
to
do
sth.
决心做某事
(3)with
determination
坚决地
[品读高考]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Yesterday,
I
sat
with
my
son,
Shepherd,
determined
to
test
my
own
theory
on
this.
昨天，我和儿子Shepherd坐在一起，决心验证我自己的理论。
[经典例句]
I
am
determined
to
find
out
the
rights
and
wrongs
of
this
matter.
我决心查明这件事的真相。
He
was
determined
that
the
same
mistakes
would
not
be
repeated.
他决心不重蹈覆辙。
She
determined
to
work
twice
as
hard
as
before
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
He
is
a
determined
man
and
he
believes
determination
and
effort
can
lead
to
success.
他是一个意志坚定的人，他相信决心和努力会带来成功。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①She
is
determined
to_carry
(carry)
on
with
her
education.
②Determining
(determine)
where
we
are
in
relation
to
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
③Where
he
once
felt
like
giving
up，he
now
has
the
determination
(determine)
to
push
further
and
keep
on
going.
④Both
victims
and
creators
always
have
choice
to_determine
(determine)
the
direction
of
their
lives.
4
(教材P29)Forced
to
change
his
plans,
he
worked
for
several
years
as
a
pilot
on
a
steamboat,
taking
passengers
up
and
down
the
Mississippi...
被迫改变了他的计划，他在一艘汽船上当了好几年领航员，带着乘客往返于密西西比河……
[归纳拓展]
(1)force
sb.
to
do
sth.＝force
sb.
into
doing
sth.
强迫某人做某事
force...on...
把……强加给……
(2)by
force
用暴力；强迫地
[品读高考]
(2017·浙江)Benjamin
was
forced
to
admit
what
he
had
been
doing.
本杰明被迫承认他所做的一切。
[经典例句]
He
took
over
the
meeting
and
forced
his
views
on
everyone
present.
他控制了会议，把自己的意见强加到大家头上。
He
was
forced
to
leave
his
homeland
for
political
reasons.
由于政治原因，他被迫离开他的祖国。
The
thief
took
the
money
from
the
old
man
by
force.
小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①It
forces
fishermen
to_stop
(stop)
catching
fish
around
Christmas.
②Young
people
are
being
forced
into
earning
(earn)
money
before
finishing
their
education.
③Higher
taxes
were
forced
on
the
people.
1
(教材P25)I
decided
to
go
to
the
next
village
and
made
up
a
story
about
the
steamboat.
我决定到邻村去，编造关于汽艇的故事(讲给人们听)。
[归纳拓展]
make
up
for
弥补；偿还
make
use
of
利用
make
it
成功；赶上；做到
make
out
理解；弄清
make
sense
有道理，有意义
make
up
one's
mind
(to
do)
下决心(做某事)
[品读高考]
(2017·江苏)You
might
think
that
developing
nations
would
make
up
the
loss,
but
you'd
be
wrong.
你可能认为发展中国家会弥补这一损失，但你错了。
[经典例句]
Hard
work
can
make
up
for
a
lack
of
intelligence.
勤能补拙。
You're
brave
and
courageous.
You
can
make
it.
你勇敢无畏，一定会获得成功。
His
writing
is
so
confusing
that
it's
difficult
to
make
out
what
it
is.
他的书写太差了，很难看清写的是什么。
It
doesn't
make
sense
to
argue
with
him.
和他争论没有任何意义。
No
matter
what
you
think,
I
have
made
up
my
mind
to
do
it.
不管你怎么想，我已下定决心做这件事了。
[即学即练]
(1)写出make
up在句中的含义
①When
she
was
asked
why
she
was
late，she
made
up
an
excuse
to
the
teacher.编造
②We
need
another
player
to
make
up
the
team.组成，构成
③Mary
and
Joan
quarreled,
but
they
made
up
after
a
while.和好，和解
④She
spent
an
hour
making
up
before
the
party.化妆
(2)完成句子
⑤但许多社会规范对沉溺于数字通信的人来说毫无意义。
But
many
social
norms
just
don't
make
sense
to
people
drowning
in
digital
communication.
⑥因此，人们会吃更多的食物来弥补缺失的东西。
As
a
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
⑦他们下定决心，一旦Larry换了工作就买一所新房子。
They
made
up
their
mind
that
they
would
buy
a
new
house
once
Larry
changed
jobs.
set
off
动身，出发，启程；引起，激起；?可分开用?引爆?炸弹等?；燃放?烟火等?
(教材P29)He
left
school
early,
and
as
an
adolescent,
determined
to
make
his
fortune
in
South
America,
set
off
from
his
home
in
Hannibal,
Missouri,
for
New
Orleans.
他很早就辍学了，当时还是一名青少年，他决定到南美洲发财。他从位于密苏里州的家乡汉尼拔出发到了新奥尔良。
[归纳拓展]
set
off
后常跟for＋目的地，from＋出发地
set
out
(to
do
sth.)
出发；开始(做某事)
set
about
(doing
sth.)
着手(做某事)
set
down
写下，记下
set
aside
储存；留出；把……放在一边
[品读高考]
(2018·浙江)This
month
millions
of
American
kids
can
forget
about
classroom
bells
and
set
off
for
grandparents'
homes.
这个月，数以百万计的美国孩子可以忘记教室里的钟声，前往祖父母的家。
[经典例句]
People
set
about
setting
up
their
new
homes
with
the
help
of
the
government.
＝People
set
out
to
set
up
their
new
homes
with
the
help
of
the
government.
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
The
old
man
is
setting
down
his
memories
of
village
life.
这位老人正在写他的乡村生活回忆录。
You
should
try
to
set
aside
some
time
each
day
for
exercise.
你应该每天尽力留出一些时间来进行锻炼。
[即学即练]写出set
off在句中的含义
①Tom
wanted
to
set
off
early
in
order
to
avoid
the
traffic
jam.
出发，启程
②In
China
people
like
to
set
off
firecrackers
during
the
Spring
Festival.燃放
③What
she
said
at
the
meeting
set
off
a
heated
discussion
during
our
students.引起
He
arrived
in
New
Orleans
without
a
penny
in
his
pocket
only
to
find
that
there
were
no
boats
for
South
America.,他身无分文来到新奥尔良，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船。
本句中only
to
find
that是不定式作句子的结果状语，含有“出人意料的结果”之意，意为“没想到……”“结果却……”“不料……”。前面常有only或never之类的词语。
[归纳拓展]
(1)动词不定式作结果状语通常放在主句的后面。
(2)不定式作结果状语，其他常见结构：
too...to...；enough
to
do...；so...as
to...；such...as
to...等。
(3)动词v.?ing也可作结果状语，表示一个自然而然的，意料之中的结果。
[品读高考]
(2014·天津)Anxiously,
she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on,
only
to
find
it
didn't
fit.
她忧心忡忡地从袋子里取出那条连衣裙试穿了一下，结果发现它并不合身。
[经典例句]
The
man
hurriedly
returned
home,
only
to
find
he
had
left
his
key
in
the
office.
这个人急急忙忙地回到家，结果发现他把钥匙落在办公室里了。
She
reached
the
airport,
only
to
be
told
the
plane
had
already
taken
off.
她到达机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。
Would
you
be
so
kind
as
to
do
me
a
favor?
请你帮我一下好吗？
The
boy
is
old
enough
to
take
care
of
himself.
这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
heavy
snow
lasted
3
days,
making
(make)
the
airport
closed.
②The
girl
came
running
to
the
cinema
only
to_be_told
(tell)
the
tickets
had
been
sold
out.
③It
rained
heavily,
causing
(cause)
severe
flooding
in
that
country.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Please
don't
disturb
us
when
we
are
working.
2．She
resembles
her
mother
in
appearance
because
they
both
have
golden
hair
and
big
eyes.
3．Although
we
can
see
the
fish
in
the
river
clearly,
the
river
is
not
so
shallow
as
it
looks.
4．Do
you
prefer
comedy
or
tragedy?
5．He
earns
a
good
reputation
for
his
honesty.
6．The
pilots
(飞行员)were
able
to
set
the
planes
down
safely
in
a
heavy
fog.
7．Nobody
is
allowed
to
go
against
the
regulations
and
there
is
no
exception
(例外)．
8．I
think
it
is
important
to
teach
adolescents
(青少年)about
responsibility
and
teamwork.
9．He
drew
the
outline
(轮廓)of
a
house
on
the
paper.
10．Rome
Holiday
is
one
of
the
most
romantic
(浪漫的)
movies
that
I've
ever
seen.
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
set
off；make
one's
fortune；to
start
with；make
one's
way；play
a
trick
on；make
up；hang
on
a
minute；be
set
in；feel
in
the
mood；get
a
move
on
1．Every
time
he
is
late
for
class，he
always
makes_up
some
excuses.
2．People
in
western
countries
like
to
play_a_trick_on
others
on
April
Fool's
Day.
3．The
children
set_off
early
in
the
morning
and
arrived
at
their
destination
at
dusk.
4．To_start_with,_we
don't
have
money
at
present,
and
secondly
we
don't
have
enough
time.
5．The
film
is_set_in
London
in
the
19th
century.
6．They
have
been
dreaming
of
making_their_fortune
by
finding
gold,
but
most
of
them
were
disappointed
at
last.
7．I'm
very
tired
so
I
don't
feel_in_the_mood
to
talk
with
anyone
now.
8．Just
hang_on_a_minute
please,
because
I
have
a
few
words
to
say.
9．If
you
want
to
arrive
in
time
for
lunch,
you'd
better
get_a_move_on.
10．Of
old
age
he
could
only
make_his_way
around
the
house
slowly.
Ⅲ.一句多译
他在明年有可能会创造一项世界纪录。
1．It
is
possible
for
him
to
set
a
world
record
next
year.
2．It
is
probable/likely/possible
that
he
will
set
a
world
record
next
year.
3．He
is
likely
to
set
a
world
record
next
year.
他要求将一切都告诉他。
4．He
demands
that
he
should
be
told
everything.
5．He
demands
to
be
told
everything.
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