Module
5 The
Great
Sports
Personality
体育小知识
1.奥林匹克运动会(Olympic
Games)，发源于古希腊，因举办地在奥林匹亚而得名。法国人顾拜旦于19世纪末提出举办现代奥林匹克运动会的倡议。1894年成立奥委会，1896年举办了首届奥运会，1924年举办首届冬奥会，1960年举办首届残奥会，2010年举办首届青奥会。
2．奥林匹克五环标志：由5个奥林匹克环套接组成，有蓝、黑、红、黄、绿5种颜色。五环的含义是象征五大洲的团结以及全世界的运动员以公正、坦率的比赛和友好的精神在奥林匹克运动会上相见。
3．奥林匹克格言：更快、更高、更强(Swifter，Higher，Stronger)，在1920年安特卫普奥运会上首次使用，奥林匹克格言充分表达了奥林匹克运动所倡导的不断进取、永不满足的奋斗精神。
4．奥林匹克会旗：1913年由顾拜旦亲自设计，奥林匹克会旗上面是蓝黑红三环，下面是黄绿两环。
5．奥运会代表团入场顺序：按东道国语言文字的字母顺序，希腊和东道国例外，希腊代表团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。
6．世界上第一个奥运冠军是美国人詹姆斯·康诺利，1896年4月6日他在古奥运会的发源地希腊雅典举行的首届奥运会三级跳远的比赛中勇夺金牌，成为1
500多年来首位奥运冠军，并获得了一枚银质奖章和一个橄榄枝。
7．获得最多奥运冠军的是美国游泳运动员迈克尔·菲尔普斯，他在2004雅典奥运会上勇夺6枚金牌，在2008年北京奥运会上连夺8枚金牌并且打破了7项世界纪录，在2012年伦敦奥运会上再添4金，共计18枚金牌，成为历史上最伟大的游泳运动员。
8．中国第一个奥运冠军是中国射击队运动员许海峰，1984年7月29日，他在洛杉矶奥运会男子自选手枪慢射决赛中，以566环成绩勇夺金牌，该金牌是本届奥运会的第一块金牌，也是中国奥运史上的第一块金牌。
9．马拉松(Marathon)：全程距离26英里385码，折合为42.195公里(也有说法为42.193公里)。分全程马拉松(Full
Marathon)、半程马拉松(Half
Marathon)和四分马拉松(Quarter
Marathon)三种。
开启快乐学习之旅
The
most
important
thing
in
the
Olympic
Games
is
not
to
win
but
to
take
part,
just
as
the
most
important
thing
in
life
is
not
the
triumph
but
the
struggle.
The
essential
thing
is
not
to
have
conquered
but
to
have
fought
well.
——Coubertin
奥运会最重要的不是胜利，而是参与，正如在生活中最重要的事情不是成功，而是奋斗。最本质的事情并不是征服，而是奋力拼搏。
——顾拜旦
模块核心素养导航
Module
5 The
Great
Sports
Personality
SectionⅠ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．pitch
n.
(足球、橄榄球等)球场
2．stadium
n.
体育场；运动场
3．sportswear
n.
运动服装；休闲服装
4．gymnast
n.
体操运动员
5．marathon
n.
马拉松
6．athletics
n.
田径运动→athlete
n．运动员→athletic
adj.运动的，体格健壮的
7．trainer
n．运动鞋；教练员→train
v．训练
n．火车→training
n．训练
8．retire
vi.
退休→retired
adj.退休的→retirement
n．退休
9．perform
vi.表演；表现→performance
n．表演；表现→performer
n．表演者
10．background
n.
背景
11．brand
n.
商标；牌子
12．logo
n．(公司或组织的)标识；标志
13．advantage
n．优势；长处→disadvantage
n．劣势；不利之处
14．guarantee
vt.
保证
15．purchase
vt.
购买
16．designer
n．设计师→design
v.
&
n．设计
17．slogan
n.
标语
18．specific
adj.具体的；特定的→specifically
adv.明确地；准确地
19．symbol
n.
符号
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．as_well_as
(除……之外)又，不但……而且……
2．make_a_list_of
列……的清单
3．be_determined_to_do
下定决心做……
4．compete_with
与……竞争
5．be_made_up_of
由……组成
6．the_number_of
……的数量
7．on_the_increase
正在增加
8．have_an_advantage_over
比……有优势
9．make_money
挣钱
10．more_than
超过，多于
11．together
with
和……一起
12．come
onto
the
market
上市
13．casual
clothes
休闲服；便服
14．six
out
of
seven
七个中的六个
15．sense
of
failure
失败感
16．national
market
国内市场
17．every
ten
seconds
每十秒
18．achieve
their
sporting
ambitions
实现他们的体育抱负
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。
But
it
was
this
sense
of
failure
that
made
him
determined
to
succeed
in
his
new
life.
2．比如，一双耐克鞋的价格可能是同样的李宁牌产品的5倍之多。
A
pair
of
Nike
trainers，for
example，could
cost
up
to
five
times
as
much
as_
a
similar
Li
Ning
product.
3．如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。
If
you
go
into
a
school
or
university
anywhere,
the
chances
are
you
will
see
students
in
Li
Ning
tracksuits
with
the
familiar
logo.
4．正如李宁广告标语所言，如果你是一位优秀的运动员，“一切皆有可能”。
And
if
you
are
a
great
sportsperson,
anything
is
possible,
as
Li
Ning's
advertising
slogan
says.
课文预读
A
Life
in
Sport
They
called
him①
the
prince
of
gymnasts②.
When
he
retired③
at
the
age
of
26,
he
had
won
106
gold
medals
in
major④
competitions
across
the
world.
They
included⑤
six
out
of⑥
seven
gold
medals
at
the
1982
World
Championship,
and
three
at
the
1984
Olympics
in
Los
Angeles
(as
well
as
two
silver
and
a
bronze).
Li
Ning
was
the
best.
When
sports
journalists
met
in
1999
to
make
a
list⑦
of
the
greatest
sportsmen
and
sportswomen
of
the
twentieth
century,
Li
Ning's
name
was
on
it,
together
with⑧
footballer
Pele
and
boxer
Muhammad
Ali.
But
even
though⑨
he
had
won
everything
it
was
possible
to
win
in
his
sport,
Li
Ning
retired
with
the
feeling
that
he
had
failed⑩.
He
was
disappointed?
because
he
had
not
performed?
well
in
the
1988
Seoul
Olympics.
①call
sb....把某人叫作……；称某人为……
②gymnast/'d??mn?st/n.体操运动员
③retire/r?'ta??/vi.退休
retire
from从……(岗位)退役、退休
④major
adj.主要的；重大的
⑤include
v．包括，包含
⑥out
of表示“多少中的多少”，如six
out
of
ten十个当中的六个，即十分之六。
⑦make
a
list列表
⑧together
with...和……一起；加之
连接两个名词或代词作主语时，由第一个名词或代词确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
⑨even
though引导让步状语从句，而该让步状语从句又包含一个定语从句：it
was
possible
to
win
in
his
sport，修饰everything，省略了引导词that。
⑩that引导同位语从句，解释说明feeling的内容。
?disappointed
adj.(人)感到失望的
disappointing
adj.(事/物)令人失望的
?perform/p?'f??m/vi.表现
performance
n．表演
?(a)
sense
of...意为“……的感觉”。
?make
sb.
determined
to
do
sth.使某人决心做某事
?succeed
in在……方面取得成功
?画线部分为强调句型。
?retirement/r?'ta??m?nt/n.退休
?background/'b?k?ɡra?nd/n.背景
?launch
vt.把(新产品、新书)投放市场
?brand/br?nd/n.商标；牌子
sportswear/'sp??ts?we?/n.运动服装；休闲服装
compete
with
和……竞争
giant
n．大人物；大公司
choose...as...选……为……
logo/'l??ɡ??/n.(公司或组织的)标识；标志
be
made
up
of
由……组成、构成
come
onto
the
market
上市
at
just
the
right
time
在正适当的时候
just
用来加强语气。
the
number
of
……的数量
a
number
of
大量的；许多
on
the
increase
正在增加
advantage/?d'vɑ?nt?d?/n.优势；长处
have
an
advantage
over
比……有优势
trainer/'tre?n?/n.运动鞋；教练员
five
times
as
much
as...……的5倍，为倍数表达法。
guarantee/ɡ?r?n'ti?/vt.保证
purchase/'p??t??s/vt.购买
every
ten
seconds
每10秒钟
track/tr?k/n.跑道
the
athletics
track
意为“田径赛场，田径跑道”。
pitch/p?t?/n.(足球、橄榄球等)球场
the
football
pitch
足球场
tracksuit/'tr?k?su?t/n.运动服
familiar
adj.熟悉的
be
familiar
with/to
熟悉……/为……所熟知
the
chances
are
you
will...“可能你会……”，
the
chances
are后省略了that。
designer/d?'zɑ?n?/n.设计师
whenever引导让步状语从句；主句用了将来进行时。
make
money赚钱
动词不定式短语作表语。
continue
to
do
sth.继续做某事
achieve
one's
ambition实现某人的目标、梦想
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Pele
and
Muhammad
Ali。
as引导非限制性定语从句。
slogan/'sl??ɡ?n/n.标语
译文助读
体育人生
他们称他为体操王子。他26岁退役时，已在世界各地的重大比赛中获得了106枚金牌。它们包括1982年世界锦标赛总共七枚金牌中的六枚和1984年洛杉矶奥运会上的三枚金牌(以及两枚银牌和一枚铜牌)。李宁是最优秀的。1999年，体育记者们聚集在一起评选20世纪最伟大的男女运动员时，李宁和足球运动员贝利及拳击运动员穆罕默德·阿里一起名列其中。但即使已经赢得了自己在运动项目上所能赢得的一切，李宁还是带着一种失败感退役了。因为他在1988年汉城奥运会上表现不佳，他感到很失望。
但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。退役一年后，李宁开始了一项新的事业——经商。但是，他并没有忘记他的运动经历。他决定推出一种新品牌的运动服，和国际巨头耐克、阿迪达斯等竞争。对一个中国人来说，他做出了不同寻常的选择，那就是用自己的名字作为商标。那个鲜红的标志是由“李宁”拼音的两个首字母L和N组成。
李宁运动服进入市场正当其时。有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也变得前所未有地普及。李宁的设计很吸引人，而且和它们的比较著名的竞争对手相比，它们主要的优势是价格便宜。比如，一双耐克运动鞋的价格可能是一双李宁同类产品的价格的五倍之多。李宁的成功有了保证，并且发展很快。
短短几年里，李宁赢得了超过50%的国内市场。现在每十秒钟就有一款李宁牌的产品售出。但是李宁牌运动服不仅仅出现在田径赛场和足球场上。如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，你都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。(李宁的)公司也变得国际化了。西班牙和法国的体操队穿李宁牌服装，同时，公司还雇用意大利设计师设计新的款式。当中国体育健儿步入2008年奥运会赛场时，他们将身穿李宁牌运动服。
但是，李宁退役后的目标并不是赚钱。他的梦想是开办一所体操学校。1991年，他如愿以偿。从那时起，他不断地帮助年轻人实现他们的体育梦想。像在他之前的贝利和穆罕默德·阿里，他们曾和联合国一起为儿童权利及世界和平工作，李宁发现当一个杰出的运动员退出体坛时，他的工作并没有结束，而是刚刚开始。正如李宁广告标语所言，如果你是一位优秀的运动员，“一切皆有可能”。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
1．Look
through
the
passage
quickly
and
decide
if
the
statements
are
true
or
false.
(1)In
total,
Li
Ning
won
six
medals
at
the
1984
Olympics.
( T )
(2)When
Li
Ning
retired,
his
goal
was
to
compete
with
global
giants.
( F )
(3)Pele
isn't
on
the
list
of
the
greatest
sportsmen
and
sportswomen
of
the
twentieth
century.
( F )
(4)Li
Ning
forgot
his
sporting
background
and
wanted
to
compete
with
global
giants
like
Nike
and
Adidas.( F )
(5)After
retirement,
Li
Ning
continued
his
sports
life
by
helping
young
people
achieve
their
sporting
ambitions.( T )
2．Match
the
following
paragraphs
with
their
main
ideas.
Para.1 A．Li
Ning's
new
career—a
businessman.
Para.2
B．Li
Ning
opened
a
school
for
gymnasts.
Para.3
C．Li
Ning's
sports
clothes
are
very
popular.
Para.4
D．Li
Ning's
great
achievements
in
gymnastics.
Para.5
E．Li
Ning's
clothes
are
welcome
in
the
world.
答案：Para.1—D；Para.2—A；Para.3—C；Para.4—E；Para.5—B
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．What
was
it
that
made
Li
Ning
determined
to
succeed
in
his
new
life?
A．The
great
achievements
in
sports.
B．The
beginning
of
his
new
career.
C．The
fact
of
his
retirement.
D．The
sense
of
failure.
答案：D
2．When
he
retired，his
goal
was
to
________.
A．compete
with
global
giants
B．tell
the
world
that
he
was
able
though
retired
C．make
money
to
live
a
better
life
D．open
a
school
for
gymnasts
答案：D
3．Which
is
TRUE
about
Li
Ning's
slogan
“anything
is
possible”？
A．The
retirement
of
a
sportsman
is
not
the
finish
of
his
life
or
career.
B．If
you
are
willing
to，you
also
can
be
a
successful
man
like
Li
Ning.
C．We
can
succeed
in
anything
if
we
are
determined
enough.
D．We
are
living
in
such
a
changeable
world
that
nothing
is
impossible
to
happen.
答案：C
4．From
the
last
paragraph，we
can
infer
________.
A．Li
Ning's
goal
wasn't
to
make
money
B．Li
Ning
would
open
a
school
C．Pele
and
Muhammad
Ali
worked
in
the
United
Nations
D．Li
Ning
can
be
regarded
as
a
great
sportsman
答案：D
StepⅢ
After
reading
Li
Ning,
a
famous
gymnast,
retired
at
__1__
age
of
26.
Even
though
he
had
won
106
gold
__2__
(medal)
in
major
competitions
across
the
world,
he
retired
with
a
feeling
that
he
__3__
(fail).
It
was
this
sense
of
feeling
__4__
made
him
determined
to
succeed
in
his
new
life.
A
year
after
his
__5__
(retire),
he
began
to
work
as
a
businessman.
He
launched
a
new
brand
of
sportswear,
__6__
(compete)
with
global
giants
like
Nike
and
Adidas.
Li
Ning
chose
his
own
name
as
the
brand
mark.
His
sports
clothes
came
__7__
the
market
at
just
the
right
time.
The
number
of
young
people
with
money
to
spend
was
on
the
increase.
Besides,
his
designs
were
attractive
and
his
clothes
were
__8__
(cheap)
than
his
rivals',
which
guaranteed
his
success.
But
Li
Ning's
goal
when
he
retired
was
not
to
make
money.
His
dream
was
__9__
(open)
a
school
for
gymnasts,
which
__10__
(realize)
in
1991.
He
has
been
helping
young
people
to
achieve
their
sporting
ambitions
since
then.
If
you
are
a
great
sportsperson,
anything
is
possible,
as
Li
Ning's
advertising
slogan
says.
1．the 2.medals 3.had_failed 4.that 5.retirement
6．competing 7.onto 8.cheaper 9.to_open
10．was_realized
1
派生词：performance
n．演出；履行；表现
performer
n．演出者；表演者
(教材P42)He
was
disappointed
because
he
had
not
performed
well
in
the
1988
Seoul
Olympics.
因为在1988年汉城奥运会上表现不佳，他非常失望。
[归纳拓展]
perform
well/badly/poorly
表现得好/不好；运行良好/不好
perform
one's
promise/duty
履行承诺/义务
perform
an
task/operation/experiment
执行任务；做手术/实验
perform
a
role
扮演一个角色
give
a
performance
＝
put
on
a
performance
演出
[品读高考]
(2017·浙江)What
they
found
was
that
people
wearing
white
coats
performed
better
than
those
who
weren't.
他们发现穿白大褂的人比不穿白大褂的人表现更好。
[经典例句]
What
delighted
the
fans
was
that
the
young
player
performed
extremely
well
in
the
table
tennis
tournament.
令球迷们欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。
You'd
better
perform
your
promise
that
you
have
to
finish
your
task
on
time.
你最好履行你按时完成任务的承诺。
The
doctor
needs
to
perform
an
operation
on
him
to
relieve
his
pain.
医生需要给他做手术以减轻他的痛苦。
In
the
English
evening,
students
will
put
on
a
performance.
在英语晚会上，学生将演出节目。
[语境串记]
The
old
couple
has
two
children,
a
boy
and
a
girl.
Their
daughter
is
an
excellent
performer
and
she
is
going
to
give
a
performance
next
week.
Their
son
is
an
excellent
doctor,
who
has
to
perform
many
operations
every
day.
Therefore,
the
old
couple
are
very
proud
of
them.
这对老夫妇有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。他们的女儿是个很棒的表演者，她下个星期要表演节目。他们的儿子是位出色的医生，每天都要做很多台手术。因此，这对老夫妇为他们感到骄傲。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Once
performed
(perform),
the
works
of
Beethoven
must
attract
all
the
people
present
at
the
concert.
②Your
performance
(perform)
as
a
student
will
be
excellent
if
you
develop
a
habit
of
reflecting
on
how
you
learn.
③Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing;
going
to
hear
it
being_performed
(perform)
live
is
quite
another.
2
派生词：disadvantage
n．劣势；不利之处
(教材P42)Li
Ning's
designs
were
attractive,
and
they
had
a
major
advantage
over
their
better?known
rivals—they
were
cheaper.
李宁的设计很吸引人，而且比起那些出名的商业对手，它们有一个主要优势——它们更便宜。
[归纳拓展]
take
advantage
of
利用,have/gain/win
an
advantage
over
sb.
胜过/优于某人,have
the
advantage
of
有……的优势,be
to
one's
advantage/disadvantage＝be
to
the
advantage/disadvantage
of
sb.对某人有利/不利,be
at
an
advantage/a
disadvantage
处于优/劣势的,put
sb.
at
a
disadvantage
使某人处于不利地位
[品读高考]
(2018·江苏)Small
farmers
may
gain
some
advantages
over
big
ones.
小农场主可能胜过大农场主。
[经典例句]
We
should
take
advantage
of
the
fine
weather
to
go
on
a
hike.
我们应该利用好天气去徒步旅行。
A
man
who
can
think
will
always
have
an
advantage
over
others.
会动脑子的人总是会比别人有优势。
We
have
the
advantage
of
good
quality
and
low
price.
我们有质优价廉的优势。
It
would
be
to
your
advantage
to
prepare
questions
in
advance.
事先把问题准备好肯定会对你有利。
The
disadvantages
of
new
technology
outweigh
its
advantages.
新技术的缺点大于它的优点。
[语境串记]
Everyone
has
his
own
advantages
and
disadvantages.
For
example,
Tom
has
the
advantage
of
a
good
memory,
and
learning
Chinese
and
English
is
to
his
advantage.
Thus,
he
has
an
advantage
over
others
if
he
can
take
advantage
of
his
good
memory.
每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。例如，汤姆有好的记忆力的优势，学习汉语和英语对他有利。因此，如果他能利用他的好记忆力，他比别人更有优势。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①Parents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to
take
advantage
of
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
②We
assess
the
advantages
(advantage)
and
disadvantages
of
decisions
all
the
time.
③我打算利用这次观光来探究这座城堡的历史。
I'm
going
to
take
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
④他认为滚动比滑动有明显的优势。
He
thinks
rolling
has
clear
advantages
over
sliding.
3
(教材P42)Success
for
Li
Ning
was
guaranteed,
and
it
came
quickly.
李宁的成功有了保证，而且来势迅猛。
[归纳拓展]
(1)guarantee
to
do
sth.
保证做某事
guarantee
sb.
sth.＝guarantee
sth.
to
sb.
向某人保证某事
guarantee
sth.
for
some
time
某物保修多长时间
guarantee
that...
保证……
guarantee
sb./sth.against/from...
保证……不受/免遭……
be
guaranteed
to
do
sth.
肯定会做某事
(2)under
guarantee
在保修期内
a
guarantee
of
sth.
保证某事
give
sb.
a
guarantee
that...
向某人保证……
[品读高考]
(2017·江苏)This
complete
but
brief
historical
collection
is
certain
to
entertain
readers
young
and
old,
and
guaranteed
to
present
even
the
biggest
history
lover
with
something
new!
这本完整而简短的历史合集老少皆宜，一定会让读者们乐在其中，而且即便是酷爱历史的人也一定能从中得到一些新鲜的东西。
[经典例句]
We
guarantee
to
reply
in
full
within
10
working
days.
我们保证在10个工作日内悉数回复。
Buying
a
train
ticket
doesn't
guarantee
you
a
seat.
＝
Buying
a
train
ticket
doesn't
guarantee
a
seat
to
you.
买一张火车票并不一定保证你有座位。
My
colour
TV
set
is
only
one
year
old
and
it
is
still
under
guarantee.
我的彩电买了只有一年，它仍然在保修期内。
A
famous
old
name
on
a
firm
is
not
necessarily
a
guarantee
of
quality.
公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。
He
gave
me
a
guarantee
that
it
would
never
happen
again.
他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①We
guarantee
to_deliver
(deliver)
your
goods
within
five
days.
②Can
you
give
me
a
guarantee
that
the
work
will
be
finished
on
time?
③Your
watch
will
be
repaired
free
if
it's
still
under
guarantee.
(教材P42)The
number
of
young
people
with
money
to
spend
was
on
the
increase
—and
sport
had
never
been
so
popular.
有钱消费的年轻人数量正在增加——而且体育运动也得到前所未有的普及。
[归纳拓展]
(1)increase
from...to...
由……增长到……
increase
by...
增加了……
increase
to...
增加到……
increase
in
在……方面增长
increase
with...
随着……而增加
(2)on
the
rise
在上涨，在增加
on
the
decrease
在减少
[品读高考]
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)NUS
statistics
show
that
over
40%
of
students
are
forced
to
work
during
term
time
and
the
figure
increases
to
90%
during
vacation
periods.
新加坡国立大学的统计数据显示，超过40%的学生在学期期间被迫工作，假期期间这一数字上升到90%。
[经典例句]
Traffic
accidents
are
on
the
increase
as
a
result
of
the
increase
of
private
cars.
由于私家车的增加，交通事故也不断增加。
Compared
with
last
year,
our
oil
output
has
increased
by
3%.
与去年相比，我们的石油产量增加了3%。
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
will
increase
to
9,000
in
2020.
我们学校学生的数量在2020年将增加到9
000。
Disability
increases
with
age.
身体机能随着年龄增长而退化。
Thanks
to
Yuan
Longping,
the
rice
production
in
China
is
on
the
rise.
Therefore,
the
starving
people
are
on
the
decrease.
多亏了袁隆平，中国的水稻产量在增长。因此，饥饿人口正在减少。
[名师点津]
介词on可表示“在……情况下，处于……状态中”，类似的有：on
fire
着火；on
holiday在度假；on
duty
在值班；on
business
在出差；on
sale
在出售；on
show
在展出；on
leave
在休假；on
the
decline
在衰退中；在下降
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
total
number
has
been
increased
to
20,000.
②With
the
production
increasing
by
30%,
our
company
has
made
great
progress.
③In
recent
years
the
country
has
increased
in
economic
prosperity.
④His
knowledge
and
experience
increase
with
his
days.
⑤At
present,
the
number
of
young
people
who
smoke
is
on
the
increase.
But
it
was
this
sense
of
failure
that
made
him
determined
to
succeed
in
his
new
life.
但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。
本句是一个强调句型，强调的是主语this
sense
of
failure。正常的语序为：But
this
sense
of
failure
made
him
determined
to
succeed
in
his
new
life.
[归纳拓展]
(1)强调句型可以强调句子的成分通常为主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等，一般不强调谓语动词、表语、让步状语等。当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。
(2)强调句型基本结构：
陈述句式：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(指人)＋句子其余部分。
一般疑问句式：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分？
特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was
it＋that＋句子其余部分？
(3)含有not...until...的句式：It
is/was
not
until＋强调部分＋that＋非强调部分。
(4)强调句型的判断：将强调句结构中的is/was...that/who...去掉，如果句子所剩下的部分不缺少任何成分，仍是一个完整的句子，这个句子就是强调句，否则就是其他从句。
[品读高考]
(2018·天津)It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
that
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
直到汽车停在我们家门前，我们才看见莉莉坐在副驾驶座位上。
[经典例句]
It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
that
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.
正是当我们回家的时候我才意识到帮助那些困难中的人是多么好的感受。
Was
it
Mary
that
you
met
in
the
street
yesterday?
昨天你在街上遇见的是玛丽吗？
What
was
it
that
prevented
him
from
coming
on
time?
是什么使得他没按时来？
Bach
died
in
1750，but
it
was
not
until
the
early
19th
century
that
his
musical
gift
was
fully
recognized.
巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。
[即学即练]句型转换
It
is
at_the_hotel
that
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
→①Is_it_at_the_hotel_that_the_coach_picks_up_tourists?
(改为一般疑问句)
→②Where_is_it_that_the_coach_picks_up_tourists?
(对画线部分提问)
It
was
the_culture,_rather
than
the
language,
that
made
it
hard
for
him
to
adapt
to
the
new
environment
abroad.
→③Was_it_the_culture,_rather_than_the_language,_that_made_it_hard_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad?
(改为一般疑问句)
→④What_was_it_that_made_it_hard_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad?
(对画线部分提问)
If
you
go
into
a
school
or
university
anywhere，the
chances
are
you
will
see
students
in
Li
Ning
tracksuits
with
the
familiar
logo.
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，你就会看到学生们身穿那个印有熟悉标志的李宁运动服。
本句中the
chances
are
(that)．..为固定句型，意为“很可能……”，that引导表语从句。句型中的the
和that都可省略，注意chances不能改为单数。
[归纳拓展]
There
is
a/no
chance
of.../that...
有/没有机会……
have
a/no
chance
of
doing/to
do
sth.
有/没有做某事的机会/可能性
by
chance/accident
偶然地，意外地
by
any
chance
万一；碰巧
take
a
chance/take
chances
冒险；碰运气
[品读高考]
(2014·辽宁)Chances
are
that
the
close
sitter
doesn't
realize
he
disturbs
you,
so
he
may
miss
your
annoyance.
有可能坐得近的人没有意识到他打扰了你，所以他可能没有注意到你的厌烦。
[经典例句]
The
chances
are
that
I
will
be
looking
for
a
new
job
soon.
我可能很快就要去找一份新的工作。
There
is
no
chance
that
he
will
be
back
in
time.
他及时赶回来的可能性不大。
Is
there
any
chance
of
getting
tickets
for
tonight's
performance?
有可能得到今晚演出的票吗？
The
pair
met
often—at
first
by
chance
but
later
by
design.
这两个人经常见面——开始是偶然的，后来就是有意的了。
You
should
never
take
chances
while
driving
a
car.
开车时决不能冒险。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
met
the
old
piece
of
furniture
by
chance
the
other
day
when
I
was
wandering
in
the
street.
②If
you
tell
him
the
truth,
the
chances
(chance)
are
that
you
will
be
severely
scolded
by
him.
③她很可能已经听到这则消息了。
The
chances
are
that
she's
already
heard
the
news.
④他不可能改变主意。
There
is
no
chance
that
he
will
change
his
mind.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He
worked
day
and
night
to
earn
enough
money
to
purchase
a
house.
2．Sorry,
I
am
late
but
I
guarantee
that
such
things
won't
happen
again.
3．White
has
always
been
a
symbol
of
purity
in
Western
countries.
4．Our
school
team
performed
very
well
in
the
game
yesterday
and
won
the
first
place.
5．The
job
would
suit
someone
with
a
business
background.
6．They've
come
up
with
a
new
advertising
slogan
(标语)for
the
product.
7．A
small
car
has
the
added
advantage
(优势)of
being
cheaper
to
run.
8．A
good
designer
(设计师)should
always
listen
to
the
voice
of
his
clients.
9．We
should
make
a
concrete
analysis
of
each
specific
(具体的)question.
10．She
showed
me
her
design
for
the
company's
logo(标识)．
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
as
well
as；make
a
list
of；be
determined
to
do；compete
with；be
made
up
of；come
onto
the
market；the
number
of；on
the
increase；more
than；make
money
1．When
planning
your
week,
you
should
make_a_list_of
things
that
you
have
to
do.
2．In
recent
years,
the
concern
about
pollution
is
on_the_increase.
3．The_number_of
the
workers
in
this
factory
has
increased
to
300
already.
4．When
you
begin
to
make_money,_you
can
live
a
life
of
independence.
5．The
committee
is_made_up_of
five
members,
including
two
women.
6．They
have
talked
on
the
phone
for
more_than
an
hour.
7．Cars
of
this
small
company
can
compete_with
those
of
big
companies
in
quality.
8．The
product
will
probably
come_onto_the_market
next
month.
9．In
approaching
a
problem
we
should
see
the
whole
as_well_as
the
parts.
10．We
are_determined_to
get
the
work
done
before
New
Year's
Day.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．You
are
wrong
to
treat
her
like
that.
→It
is
wrong
of
you
to
treat
her
like
that.
2．He
can
run
three
times
faster
than
me.
→He
can
run
four
times
as
fast
as
me.
3．Chances
are
that
we
will
win
easily.
→There
is
a
chance
that
we
will
win
easily.
4．I
met
Li
Hua
in
the
street
yesterday.
→It
was
I
that
met
Li
Hua
in
the
street
yesterday.
5．However
hard
he
tries,
he
won't
be
able
to
win
the
first
prize.
→No
matter
how
hard
he
tries,
he
won't
be
able
to
win
the
first
prize.
PAGE
-
19
-Module
5 The
Great
Sports
Personality
Section
Ⅱ Grammar——复习状语从句
[语法图解]
[课文原句感知]
①When
he
retired
at
the
age
of
26,
he
had
won
106
gold
medals
in
major
competitions
across
the
world.
②As
the
leader
comes
into
the
stadium
to
run
the
last
few
metres
of
the
42?kilometre
race,
the
crowd
rises
to
its
feet
to
shout
and
cheer.
③If
you
go
into
a
school
or
university
anywhere,
the
chances
are
you
will
see
students
in
Li
Ning
tracksuits
with
the
familiar
logo.
④But
even
though
he
had
won
everything
it
was
possible
to
win
in
his
sport,
Li
Ning
retired
with
the
feeling
that
he
had
failed.
⑤Whenever
Chinese
athletes
step
out
onto
the
track
during
the
2008
Olympics,
they
will
be
wearing
Li
Ning
tracksuits.
⑥While
I
don't
like
his
design
at
all,
I
attended
the
meeting.
[语法领悟]
(1)句①和句②用了时间状语从句；句③用了条件状语从句；句④、句⑤和句⑥用了让步状语从句。
(2)whenever引导让步状语从句时可以用no_matter_when来替代。
一、时间状语从句
1．when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生，从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。
When
I
lived
there，I
used
to
go
to
the
seashore
on
Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
[名师点津]
when还可作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于be
about
to
do...when...；be
doing...when...；had
just
done...when...；be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...等结构中。
2．while引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。
Please
don't
talk
so
loud
while
others
are
working.
别人工作时，请别大声谈话。
[名师点津]
while还可表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句；也可作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
While
I
understand
your
opinion，I
don't
agree
with
you.
尽管我明白你的观点，但我不赞成。
He
is
strong
while
his
brother
is
weak.
他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。
3．as引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“随着；一边……一边……”。
As
you
grow
older，you'll
know
better
and
better
about
yourself.
随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解你自己。
4．till和until在肯定句中主句谓语动词应是延续性的，而在否定句中主句谓语动词应是非延续性的；till不可位于句首，而until可以。
I
waited
at
the
school
gate
until/till
he
came.
我在校门口一直等到他来。
I
didn't
leave
until/till
he
came
back.
直到他回来我才离开。
[名师点津]
not...until句型的强调句和倒装句
Not
until
nine
o'clock
yesterday
evening
did
we
finish
the
work.
直到昨晚九点，我们才完成这项工作。
It
was
not
until
nine
o'clock
yesterday
evening
that
we
finished
the
work.
直到昨晚九点，我们才完成这项工作。
5．before意为“在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就……”。before引导时间状语从句的常用句型：
①It
was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)“过了多久才……”
It
was
some
time
before
we
realized
the
truth.
过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。
②It
wasn't
long＋before从句(一般过去时)“不久就……”
It
wasn't
long
before
the
rest
of
the
team
learned
what
was
happening.
没过多久团队的其他人就明白了这是怎么回事。
③It
will
be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)“要过多久才……”
It
will
be
half
a
year
before
I
come
back.
半年之后我才会回来。
④It
won't
be
long＋before从句(一般现在时)“不久就……”
It
won't
be
long
before
we
meet
again.
不久我们就会再见面。
6．since意为“自从……以来”，since引导的从句的时态若是一般过去时，则主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
since常用于以下句型：It
is/has
been＋时间段＋since...“自从……以来多久了”，从句谓语用短暂性动词时，表示动作持续了多久；用延续性动词时，表示动作停止了多久。
It's
a
long
time
since
we
met
last.
自从我们上次见面以来已经好长时间了。
It
has
been
three
years
since
he
smoked.
他戒烟已经三年了。
7．as
soon
as，immediately，directly，instantly，the
moment/minute/instant，no
sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...等都可引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
I
recognized
her
the
moment
I
saw
her.
我一看见她就认出她来了。
[名师点津]
no
sooner...than...和hardly...when...结构中，no
sooner与hardly引导的主句谓语动词常用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时。如：
No
sooner
had
we
arrived
at
the
station
than
the
train
left.
我们刚到车站，火车就离站了。
8．the
first
time，every/each
time，next
time，by
the
time等也可引导时间状语从句。
The
first
time
he
went
to
Shanghai，he
paid
a
visit
to
his
former
teacher.
第一次去上海，他就拜访了他以前的老师。
[即学即练1]
(1)单句语法填空
①I
was
about
to
say
when
you
interrupted
me.
②It
will
not
be
long
before
you
get
used
to
the
life
here.
③Immediately
(immediate)
he
came
back,
his
mother
told
him
the
news.
(2)句型转换
④His
mother
went
to
bed
after
he
came
back.
→His
mother
didn't
go
to
bed
until/till
he
came
back.
⑤The
moment
I
saw
him,
I
gave
him
all
the
books.
→I
gave
him
all
the
books
as
soon
as
I
saw
him.
⑥He
came
to
our
school
three
months
ago.
→It
is
three
months
since
he
came
to
our
school.
二、条件状语从句
1．if引导条件状语从句表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if
not)
引导条件状语从句，表示负面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If
you
fail
in
the
exam,
you
will
let
him
down.
如果你考试不及格，
你会让他失望的。
You
will
fail
to
arrive
there
in
time
unless
you
start
earlier.
＝You
will
fail
to
arrive
there
in
time
if
you
do
not
start
earlier.
如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。
[名师点津]
if从句还表示不可能实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
invite
him
to
the
party.
如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。
I
would
have
arrived
much
earlier
if
I
had
not
been
caught
in
the
traffic.
如果没有堵车，我会到得早一点儿。
2．in
case,
on
condition
that,
providing/provided
(that),
supposing/suppose
(that)等引导的条件状语从句，表示“假如，假使；在……条件下”(比if更为书面化)。
He
won't
be
against
us
in
the
meeting
provided
that
we
ask
for
his
advice
in
advance.
如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。
[名师点津]
in
case所引导的从句为主句的动作提供理由，从句接一般现在时、一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”这一虚拟语气。
Don't
go
out
tomorrow
morning
in
case
Mr
Li
should
come
to
visit
you.
明天上午不要出去，以防李先生来看你。
3．so/as
long
as/on
condition
that引导条件状语从句时，表示“只要”。
As/So
long
as
I
know
the
money
is
safe,
I
shall
not
worry
about
it.
只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。
[即学即练2]
(1)单句语法填空
①If
he
comes
(come)
to
see
me,
I
will
tell
him
what
has
happened.
②If
I
were
(be)
you,
I
would
not
do
it
like
this.
(2)完成句子
③只要你能按时来参加会议，老板就会高兴的。
The
boss
will
be
happy
so
long
as
you
can
attend
the
meeting
on
time.
④除非他邀请我，否则我是不会去参加他的聚会的。
I
won't
go
to
his
party
unless
he
invites
me.
三、让步状语从句
1．though,
although,
even
if,
even
though都有“虽然，即使，尽管”的意思，even
if,
even
though语气较强，though
和although语气较弱。though
不如although
正式；though
可用于假设，although用于陈述“事实”。
He
will
never
tell
you
the
truth
even
if
he
knows
it.
即使他知道真相，他也绝不会告诉你(们)。
[名师点津]
though和although不与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。
Although
she
has
a
lot
of
money,
yet/still
she
is
not
happy.
虽然她有很多钱，但她并不快乐。
2．while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。
While
he
is
young,
he
is
experienced.
他虽然年轻，却有经验。
3．疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句时相当于“no
matter＋疑问词”，二者可换用。但“no
matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词＋ever”中的whatever,
whoever,
whomever等还可引导名词性从句。
Whatever
(＝No
matter
what)
happens,
we
will
not
change
our
mind.
无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。
It's
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
whatever
(≠
no
matter
what)
he/she
wants.
一个小孩想要什么就给他/她什么，一般被认为是不明智的。
4．though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装，但as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。要把从句中作表语的名词(提前后，不带冠词)或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词提前。
Hard
as
she
tried,
she
failed
to
pass
the
exam.
尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。
Fail
as
he
did,
he
would
never
give
up.
尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。
Intelligent
student
as
he
is,
he
doesn't
study
hard.
尽管他是个聪明的学生，但他学习不努力。
[即学即练3]完成句子
①尽管他是个孩子，但他会说三种语言。
Child
as/though
he
is,_he
can
speak
three
languages.
②他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。
He
is
so
busy.
He
cannot
afford
enough
time
with
his
son
even
if
he
wants
to.
③无论你选择谁，我都会支持你。
Whoever
you
choose,_I
will
support
you.
链接高考——单句语法填空
1．(2018·北京)If
we
don't
stop
climate
change,
many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.
2．(2018·北京)However
long
it
takes,
the
technology
has
the
potential
to
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities.
3．(2018·江苏)Unless
you
can
sleep
well,
you
will
lose
the
ability
to
focus,
plan
and
stay
motivated
after
one
or
two
nights.
4．(2017·北京)Although/While/Though
birds
use
their
feathers
for
flight,
some
of
their
feathers
are
for
other
purposes.
5．(2017·北京)
If
you
don't
understand
something,
you
may
research,
study,
and
talk
to
other
people
until/till
you
figure
it
out.
6．(2016·北京)My
grandfather
still
plays
tennis
now
and
then,
although/though
he's
in
his
nineties.
7．(2016·天津)As
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases,
there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.
8．(2016·浙江)While/Although/Though
online
shopping
has
changed
our
life,
not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
9．(2015·北京)Once/If
the
damage
is
done,
it
will
take
many
years
for
the
farmland
to
recover.
10．(2015·江苏)It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
outside
unless
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
PAGE
-
7
-Module
5 The
Great
Sports
Personality
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．score
vi.
&
vt.
得分
2．ministry
n.
(政府的)部
3．champion
n.
冠军
4．ultimate
adj.
最后的
5．borough
n.
(自治)区
6．final
n．决赛
adj.最后的，最终的→finally
adv.最终，最后
7．quality
n．特性；品德；品性→quantity
n．数量
8．victory
n．胜利→victor
n．胜利者
9．drama
n．戏剧→dramatic
adj.戏剧性的→dramatically
adv.戏剧性地
10．protest
vi.抗议
11．declare
vt.宣布→declaration
n．宣告；声明；布告
12．compete
vi.竞争，竞赛→competition
n．竞争，竞赛→competitor
n．竞争者；对手
13．tough
adj.费力的；棘手的；困难的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．vote_for
投票赞成
2．after_all
终究；毕竟
3．of_all_time
有史以来
4．be_up_to_sb.
由某人决定
5．rise_to_one's_feet
站起身
6．according_to
根据；按照
7．at_first
起初
8．in_the_end
终于，最后
9．not
the
point
不是问题的关键
10．So
what?
那又怎么样呢？
11．pick
sb.
up
把某人扶起来
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．他没有其他人出名。
He
isn't
as
famous
as
the
others.
2．自从1896年现代奥林匹克运动会开始以来，马拉松比赛一直是奥运会的一个项目。
The
marathon
has
been
an
Olympic
event
since
the
modern
games
started
in
1896.
3．但也许最精彩最特别的马拉松比赛之一是长城马拉松，大多数参赛者认为它是最难跑的路程。
But
perhaps
one
of
the
most
beautiful
and
extraordinary
marathons
ever
is
the
Great
Wall
Marathon，which
most
competitors
find
is
the
toughest
course
to
run.
4．马拉松是奥运会的最后一项赛事，因为它被看作是最艰难的。
The
marathon
is
the
final
Olympic
event
because
it
is
thought
to
be
the
hardest.
课文预读
Marathon：the
Ultimate①
Olympic
Event②
The
final
event
in
the
Olympics
is
the
marathon③.
It
is
also
usually
the
most
exciting.
As④
the
leader
comes
into
the
stadium
to
run
the
last
few
metres
of
the
42?kilometre
race,
the
crowd
rises
to
its
feet⑤
to
shout
and
cheer.
The
name
of
the
race
comes
from⑥
a
battle
in
Ancient
Greece.
According
to⑦
the
story,
a
soldier
ran
from
the
scene
of
the
battle⑧，
Marathon,
to
Athens,
to
bring
the
news
of
a
Greek
victory⑨
against
the
Persians.
He
died
just
after
arriving.
The
marathon
has
been
an
Olympic
event
since⑩
the
modern
games
started
in
1896.
At
first?
the
distance
was
40
kilometres—the
distance
between
Marathon
and
Athens.
In
1908,
however,
at
the
London
Olympics,
it
was
changed.
The
King
of
England
wanted
the
runners
to
leave
from
his
castle?
in
Windsor
and
arrive
in
a
new
stadium
in
central
London.
The
distance
was
26
miles—about
42
kilome?tres.
In
fact,
the
1908
marathon
ended
dramatically?.
When
the
leader,
an
Italian,
entered
the
stadium
he
turned
the
wrong
way?
and
fell
onto
the
ground.
Officials
picked
him
up?
and
helped
him
to
the
finishing
line?，
just
as
the
second
runner,
an
American,
entered
the
stadium.
The
Americans
protested?
and
in
the
end?
the
American
runner
was
declared?
the
winner.
Since
then?，
there
have
been
many
more
①ultimate/'?lt?m?t/adj.最后的
②event
n．比赛项目
③marathon/'m?r?θ?n/n.马拉松
④as引导时间状语从句。
⑤rise
to
one's
feet站起身
⑥come
from来源于，来自
⑦according
to根据，由其构成的短语在句中作状语。
⑧the
scene
of
the
battle战场
⑨victory/'v?kt?ri/n.胜利
⑩since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
?at
first首先，起初
first
of
all首先
in/at
the
beginning起初，一开始
?castle
n．城堡
?dramatically/dr?'m?t?kli/adv.戏剧性地
?turn
the
wrong
way转错方向
?pick
sb.up扶起某人
pick
up捡起；接收；学会；恢复；重新开始(曾经中断的工作)
?the
finishing
line终点线
the
starting
line起跑线
?protest/pr?'test/vi.抗议
/'pr??test/n.抗议
?in
the
end(＝finally/at
last)最后，最终，终于
?declare/d?'kle?/vt.宣布
?since
then自从那时起，常与现在完成时连用。
exciting/excited的比较级、最高级都是在其前加more,
most。
don't
have
to没有必要，相当于needn't。
as引导原因状语从句。
borough/'b?r?/n.(自治)区
past
prep.通过，经过
pass
v．通过，传递
landmark
n．界标，陆标；标志性建筑物
extraordinary
adj.不同寻常的，非凡的
ever用于最高级句子中，表示“有史以来(＝of
all
time)”。
which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。动词不定式to
run在此作定语，修饰the
toughest
course。
most
competitors
find作插入语。
competitor/k?m'pet?t?/n.竞争者；对手
tough/t?f/adj.费力的；棘手的；困难的
because引导原因状语从句；it
is
thought
to
be...“它被认为是……”。
who引导定语从句，修饰people。
particularly
adv.特别，尤其
be
good
at擅长
train
v．训练；train
for为……而训练
译文助读
马拉松：奥运会最后的项目
奥运会最后一项比赛是马拉松。通常它也是最令人激动的比赛。当领先者进入体育场来跑那全程42公里的最后几米时，人们都站起身来欢呼喝彩。这项比赛的名字来源于古希腊的一场战争。据说一位战士从战场所在地马拉松跑到雅典，传送希腊人战胜波斯人的消息。他到达以后就死了。自从1896年现代奥运会开始以来，马拉松就一直是奥运会的比赛项目。最初比赛的距离是40公里，即从马拉松到雅典的距离。然而在1908年的伦敦奥运会上，比赛距离发生了改变。英国国王想让选手们从他的温莎城堡出发，到达伦敦市中心的新体育场。距离是26英里——大约42公里。事实上，1908年的马拉松比赛结束得很有戏剧性。当领先者——一位意大利选手——跑进体育场时，他转错了方向，并摔在了地上。官员们把他扶起来，帮助他奔向终点。而在此时，第二名选手，一名美国人，跑进了体育场。美国人提出了抗议，最后那位美国选手被宣布获胜。从那时起，马拉松比赛中有很多更有趣的事情发生。
事实上，你不用非得等到奥运会才去参加或观看马拉松比赛，因为今天世界上60多个国家和数百个城市中都有马拉松比赛。其中最著名的马拉松比赛之一是在纽约，有二百万人站在街道或纽约的五个城区的桥上观看比赛，比赛经过了纽约的许多著名的地标。但也许最精彩最特别的马拉松比赛之一是长城马拉松，大多数参赛者认为它是最难跑的路程。
马拉松是奥运会的最后一项赛事，因为它被认为是最艰难的项目。但专家认为大多数人——甚至是不很擅长运动的人——都可以跑马拉松，如果他们为此训练的话。
课文理解
StepⅠ
Fast
reading
Look
through
the
passage
quickly
and
decide
if
the
statements
are
true
or
false.
1．The
name
of
the
marathon
comes
from
a
battle
in
Ancient
Rome.( F )
2．The
marathon
is
the
final
and
usually
the
most
exciting
event
in
the
Olympic
Games.( T )
3．The
marathon
has
been
an
Olympic
event
for
about
one
hundred
and
twenty
years.( T )
4．Only
in
the
Olympic
Games
can
you
watch
a
marathon.( F )
5．If
you
want
to
run
a
marathon，you
must
be
good
at
sport.
( F )
StepⅡ
Careful
reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．According
to
the
first
paragraph，which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A．Marathon
is
the
most
exciting
event
in
the
Olympics.
B．The
soldier
was
the
first
sportsman
who
attended
Marathon.
C．The
soldier
died
before
he
announced
the
news.
D．Marathon
is
the
final
event
in
the
Olympics.
答案：D
2．The
distance
of
Marathon
was
changed
to
42km
because
________.
A．the
origin
distance
was
a
little
short
B．the
distance
between
Marathon
and
Athens
was
42
km
C．the
King
of
England
raised
his
requests
D．42km
is
the
most
scientific
distance
答案：C
3．When
the
leader
comes
into
the
stadium
to
run
the
last
few
metres,
the
crowd
rises
to
their
feet
to
shout
and
cheer,
from
which
we
can
infer
________.
A．Marathon
is
welcomed
and
liked
by
people
B．there
are
many
people
watching
the
event
C．people
who
have
been
waiting
get
impatient
D．Marathon
is
very
interesting
答案：A
4．Who
can
be
the
runner
of
Marathon?
A．The
strongest
ones.
B．The
athletes
with
gifts.
C．Most
people
who
are
trained
for
it.
D．The
ones
with
strong
will.
答案：C
Step
Ⅲ
After
reading
The
final
event
in
the
Olympics
is
the
marathon.
It
is
also
__1__
(usual)
the
most
exciting.
__2__
name
of
the
race
comes
from
a
battle
in
Ancient
Greece.
According
to
the
story,
a
soldier
ran
from
the
scene
of
the
battle,
Marathon,
to
Athens,
__3__
(bring)
the
news
of
a
Greek
victory
against
the
Persians.
He
died
just
after
__4__
(arrive)
in
Athens.
The
marathon
__5__
(be)
an
Olympic
event
since
the
modern
games
started
in
1896.
At
first
the
__6__
(distant)
was
40
kilometres—the
distance
between
Marathon
and
Athens.
In
1908,
__7__，
at
the
London
Olympics,
it
was
changed.
The
distance
was
26
miles—about
42
kilometres.
There
are
marathons
in
over
sixty
countries
and
__8__
(hundred)
of
cities
around
the
world
today.
The
marathon
is
the
final
Olympic
event
because
it
is
thought
to
be
the
__9__
(hard).
But
experts
believe
that
most
people—even
people
__10__
are
not
particularly
good
at
sport
can
run
a
marathon,
if
they
train
for
it.
1．usually 2.The 3.to_bring 4.arriving 5.has_been
6．distance 7.however 8.hundreds 9.hardest
10．who/that
(教材P44)Yao
Ming
scored
before
the
first
minute
had
passed.
还不到一分钟姚明就得分了。
[归纳拓展]
scores
of
许多，大量
score
a
goal
踢进一球，射门得分
score
full
marks
得满分
score
a
great
victory/success
获得大胜/极大的成功
make
a
score
得分
keep
(the)
score
记分
a
score
of
二十个……
scores
of
许多；大量
[品读高考]
(2015·广东)Traditional
wisdom
also
has
it
that
heavy
television?watching
lowers
IQ
scores
and
affects
school
performance.
传统观点还认为，大量看电视会降低智商分数，影响学习成绩。
[经典例句]
How
many
times
does
a
footballer
try
before
he
can
score
a
goal?
足球运动员要经过多少次努力才能踢进一个球？
Jack
scored
full
marks
in
the
English
test.
杰克在这次英语测试中得了满分。
He
has
scored
a
great
success
with
his
new
play
since
last
year.
自去年以来他的那出新戏获得了极大的成功。
We
bought
a
score
of
apples
from
the
supermarket.
我们从超市买了20个苹果。
There're
scores
of
boxes
waiting
to
be
loaded.
有大批的箱子等着装运。
[名师点津]
score作名词，表示“二十，二十个”时，用法如下：
(1)如果前面有数词，则该词一定用单数形式，如two
score，five
score；(2)如果作定语，则名词前的of可用可不用，如a
score
(of)
people，two
score
(of)
students；(3)如果表示“几十个……”等不太确定的数量，则须用scores
of，如scores
of
people
几十个人。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①Jordan
became
the
second
player
to_score
(score)
more
than
3,000
points.
②We
have
fought
scores
(score)
of
battles
in
order
to
win
victory.
③他在比赛的最后一分钟进了一球。
He
scored
a
goal
in
the
final
minute
of
the
game.
2
(教材P49)The
Americans
protested
and
in
the
end
the
American
runner
was
declared
the
winner.
美国人提出抗议，最后美国选手被宣布为获胜者。
[归纳拓展]
(1)protest
about/against/at
抗议，反对
(2)make
a
protest
about/against
sth.
对某事提出抗议
without
protest
心甘情愿地
under
protest
抗议地；不甘心地
[品读高考]
(2014·安徽)I
told
her
that
I
couldn't
put
her
to
that
trouble,
but
she
brushed
aside
my
protests.
我告诉她我不能让她那么麻烦，但她对我的抗议置之不理。
[经典例句]
The
people
are
protesting
against
setting
up
nuclear
power
stations.
人们正在反对建核电站。
He
accepted
his
punishment
without
protest.
他毫无异议地接受了惩罚。
If
I
have
to
do
it,
I
shall
do
it
under
protest.
如果非要我做这件事不可，我不是心甘情愿的。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①There's
no
use
protesting
(protest);
I
won't
change
my
mind.
②The
tourists
protested
against/at/about
the
bad
service
at
the
restaurant.
3
(教材P49)The
Americans
protested
and
in
the
end
the
American
runner
was
declared
the
winner.
美国人提出抗议，最后美国选手被宣布为获胜者。
[归纳拓展]
declare
sth./sb.
to
be＋adj./n.
宣布……为……
declare
against/for
声明反对/赞成
declare
that...
宣布/宣称……
declare
war
on...
向……宣战
declare
the
meeting
open/closed
宣布大会开幕/闭幕
[品读高考]
(2018·浙江)In
texts,
you
don't
have
to
declare
who
you
are
or
even
say
hello.
在短信中，你不需要声明你是谁，甚至不需要打招呼。
[经典例句]
The
referee
declared
him
to
be
the
winner.
裁判宣布他为获胜者。
When
they
asked
him
for
his
opinion，he
declared
strongly
against
the
policy.
他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。
She
declared
that
from
now
on
she
would
wash
her
hands
of
this
business.
她宣布今后决不再过问此事。
The
country
had
no
other
choice
but
to
declare
war
on
their
enemy.
这个国家没有其他选择，不得不向他们的敌人宣战。
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①The
judges
had
different
ideas
about
the
results,
so
it
was
two
hours
before
the
results
were_declared
(declare)．
②Police
have
now
declared
war
on
drug
dealers.
③The
teacher
declared
him
to_be
(be)
our
monitor.
(教材P49)As
the
leader
comes
into
the
stadium
to
run
the
last
few
metres
of
the
42?kilometre
race,
the
crowd
rises
to
its
feet
to
shout
and
cheer.
当领先的运动员进入体育场来跑那全程42公里的最后几米时，全场观众都会站起来向他欢呼喝彩。
[归纳拓展]
(1)struggle
to
one's
feet
挣扎着站起来
jump
to
one's
feet
跳起
(2)set
foot
on/in
进入；踏入；涉足于
stand
on
one's
own
feet
自立；独立自主
[品读高考]
(2014·重庆)I
jumped
to
my
feet
and
started
yelling.
我跳起来，开始大叫。
[经典例句]
At
the
end
of
the
celebration,
we
all
rose
to
our
feet
cheering
wildly.
庆典结束时，我们都站了起来，热烈地欢呼。
Hearing
the
good
news,
he
jumped
to
his
feet
with
great
joy.
听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
Now
that
you
have
grown
up,
you
must
learn
to
stand
on
your
own
feet.
既然你已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。
[即学即练]完成句子
①看见经理进来了，员工们站起身来。
Seeing
the
manager
come
in,
the
staff
rose
to
their
feet.
②老人摔倒了，挣扎着站了起来。
The
old
man
fell
over
and
struggled
to
his
feet.
③狮子一跃而起，向山羊跑去。
The
lion
jumped
to
his
feet
and
started
running
to
the
goat.
The
marathon
is
the
final
Olympic
event
because
it
is
thought
to
be
the
hardest.,马拉松是奥运会的最后一项赛事，因为它被认为是最难的项目。
本句中it
is
thought
to
be...意为“它被认为是……”，it指代the
marathon。该句式属于“sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to
do...”句型，不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。
[归纳拓展]
(1)常用于该句型的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等。
(2)不定式的形式：to
do表示不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生；to
be
doing表示不定式动作正在发生；to
have
done表示不定式动作已发生。
(3)该句型可转换成“It
is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”结构。
It
is
said
that...
据说……
It
is
reported
that...
据报道……
It
is
suggested
that...
有人建议……
It
is
thought/believed
that...
人们认为……
It
is
known
that...
众所周知……
[品读高考]
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The
fats
in
fish
are
thought
to
help
prevent
heart
disease.
鱼的脂肪被认为能够帮助预防心脏疾病。
[经典例句]
He
is
thought
to
be
a
workaholic.
人们认为他是一个工作狂。
The
concert
is
reported
to
be
successful.
＝It
is
reported
that
the
concert
is
successful.
据报道音乐会很成功。
He
is
said
to
have
got
a
doctor's
degree.
＝It
is
said
that
he
has
got
a
doctor's
degree.
据说他已获得了博士学位。
Lily
is
said
to
be
reading
in
the
sun.
＝It
is
said
that
Lily
is
reading
in
the
sun.
听说莉莉正在阳光下读书。
[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
storm
is
thought
to_be
(be)
responsible
for
as
many
as
four
deaths.
②It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
③据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你所说的话只占7%。
It
is
said
that
body
language
accounts
for
55
per
cent
of
the
first
impression
while
what
you
say
just
7
per
cent.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
doctor
finally
declared
that
the
man
was
dead.
2．The
test
was
extremely
difficult，and
no
one
scored
more
than
90
points.
3．He
defeated
all
the
other
athletes
so
he
was
the
champion
of
the
game.
4．The
workers
in
the
capital
are
protesting
against
a
high
rate
of
unemployment.
5．This
kind
of
washing
machine
is
of
high
quality
so
that
it
sells
well
all
over
the
country.
6．It's
reported
that
a
large
number
of
competitors
(竞争者)from
20
countries
will
take
part
in
the
marathon.
7．He
made
an
ultimate
(最后的)decision
to
go
there
alone.
8．Will
you
come
over
to
help
me
with
the
tough
(棘手的)
job?
9．The
two
women
will
meet
tomorrow
in
the
final(决赛)．
10．They
gathered
in
the
street,
waiting
for
the
news
of
victory
(胜利).
Ⅱ.用方框中短语的适当形式填空
according
to，so
what，at
first，not
the
point，vote
for，after
all，pick
up，rise
to
one's
feet，be
up
to，in
the
end
1．In_the_end,_we
all
decided
to
organize
a
concert
for
Easter.
2．Don't
be
angry
with
him.
After_all，he
is
only
a
child.
3．The
organizer
of
the
activity
required
that
we
rise_to_our_feet
when
the
visitors
came
in.
4．He
has_picked_up
slowly
since
he
came
out
of
hospital.
5．He
won
the
election
because
most
people
voted_for
him.
6．Who
actually
cares
if
it
is
right
or
wrong?
That's
not_the_point.
7．Whether
to
go
and
spend
our
holiday
abroad
is_up_to
you.
8．According_to
the
weather
forecast,
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
9．—You
have
turned
30
and
you
should
have
got
married.
—So_what?
I'm
living
a
colorful
and
happy
life
now.
10．At_first
he
didn't
agree,
but
later
he
did.
PAGE
-
12
-Module
5 The
Great
Sports
Personality
Section
Ⅳ Writing——通知
本模块写作任务为通知。通知是一种安排活动、传达事情或布置工作时使用的文体。它包括书面通知和口头通知。
一、基本结构
1．书面通知即以书面的形式表达通知的内容。要写清事由、时间、地点、活动内容等，时态以一般将来时为主。常用下述格式：
(1)通知上方正中间应写上Notice
或NOTICE。
(2)发通知的单位可以放在正文的右下方，也可以放在标题的上方，有时也可省去。
(3)书面通知无称呼语，发通知的单位一般采用第一人称；通知对象一般采用第二人称，写作时要简明扼要。
(4)通知的日期应放在正文的左下方，在单位名称的下一行。
2．口头通知是以口头形式传达消息，包含四部分：称呼语、开场白、正文、结束语。口头通知一般可以省去发出通知的时间和单位。
二、增分佳句
(一)称呼语及开场白部分
1．May
I
have/call
your
attention,
please?
2．Attention,
please
everybody!
3．I
have
an
announcement
to
make.
4．I
have
something
to
tell
you.
5．I
have
some
good
news
for
you!
(二)正文部分
1．There
will
be
a
talk
this
afternoon.
2．The
Students'
Union
has
decided
that...
3．We
shall
have
a
lecture
on...
4．It
has
been
decided
that
we'll
pay
a
visit
to...
5．Please
take
your
notebook
with
you.
6．We'll
gather
at
the
school
gate
at
eight
tomorrow.
7．Please
be
there
on
time
and
don't
be
late.
(三)结束语部分
1．Please
come
and
join
in
it.
2．I
hope
you
can
have
a
good
time.
3．That's
all.
Thank
you.
为了使更多的人参与体育运动、增强体质，本社区决定在体育场举行体育比赛。请你根据以下有关事宜写一则英文通知。
时间：2019年11月1日。
要求：1.无论何种背景，均可参加；
2．对对手要友好。
其他：1.无论是否获胜，都有礼品；
2．冠军奖金是5
000元；
3．当场公布比赛结果。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
分析
1.用词
(1)on_the_increase
正在增加
(2)background
n.
背景
(3)stadium
n.
体育场
(4)competitor
n.
对手
(5)champion
n.
冠军
(6)victory
n.
胜利
(7)announce
v.
宣布
2．造句
(1)因为喜爱体育运动的人数在增加，所以我们举办这次比赛。(on
the
increase)
As
the
number
of
the
people
who
like
sports
is
on
the
increase，we
hold
this
game.
(2)我们旨在使更多的人了解体育知识，并且参与更多的体育运动以增强我们的体质。(aim
at
doing；不定式作目的状语)
We
aim
at
making
more
people
understand
sports
and
take
part
in
more
sports
to
build
up
our
body.
(3)不管你来自什么背景，都欢迎你参赛。(whatever引导让步状语从句)
Whatever
backgrounds
you
are
from，you
are
welcome.
(4)不管你是否获胜，你都会得到一个礼物。(whether...or
not)
And
whether
you
achieve
your
victory
or
not，you
will
get
a
gift.
(5)用with复合结构改写句(1)的状语从句
With_the_number_of_the_people_who_like_sports_on_the_increase，we_hold_this_game.
(6)用现在分词作状语连接句(1)和句(2)
As_the_number_of_the_people_who_like_sports_is_on_the_increase，we_hold_this_game，aiming_at_making_more_people_understand_sports_and_take_part_in_more_sports_to_build_up_our_body.
3．成篇
Notice
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Attention，please.
With
the
number
of
the
people
who
like
sports
on
the
increase，we
hold
this
game，aiming
at
making
more
people
understand
sports
and
take
part
in
more
sports
to
build
up
our
body.
We
will
hold
it
in
the
stadium
on
November
1,2019.
Whatever
backgrounds
you
are
from，you
are
welcome.
But
you
must
be
careful
and
be
friendly
to
your
competitors.
And
whether
you
achieve
your
victory
or
not，you
will
get
a
gift.
The
person
who
can
carry
off
the
champion
will
get
5,000
yuan
as
a
prize.
The
result
will
be
announced
on
the
spot.
And
we
really
hope
that
more
and
more
people
pay
attention
to
our
health
and
join
us!
That's
all.
Thank
you!
PAGE
-
1
-
