(共45张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
突破项目1
will和be going to用法小结
will和be going to都可以表示将来的动作或情况，但是两者在使用时又略有不同。具体区别可以通过下面的例句来进行分析。
品味语法
1．—I’m afraid I can’t go to the cinema with you this evening.
—It doesn’t matter.I will call Lorna later to see if she can go with me.
2．What are you going to do tomorrow
3．Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.
4．I believe you will become a good lawyer as long as you study hard.
5．He is going to be an art teacher，because he likes drawing very much.
6．Linda will be eighteen years old next year.
自我探究
根据上面六个句子可以总结出will和be going to在用法上主要有以下几点区别：
1．句意为：——恐怕我今天晚上不能跟你去看电影了。——没关系，我一会儿给洛娜打电话看她是否能跟我去。
“will＋动词原形”常用来表示将来存在的状态，将要发生的动作或将来的习惯性、经常性的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next month，in three days等连用。本句表示的是一种将来的动作, 并且是事先没有计划好临时决定的，因此使用will＋动词原形。
2．句意为：你明天打算做什么？“be going to＋动词原形”表示近期的打算，常用于表示事先已经决定或安排要做的事，常翻译为“准备做……或打算做”。本句为询问对方明天的打算，因此使用be going to。
3．句意为：看那些乌云，要下雨了。be going to还可以用于表示有某种迹象表明或预示将要发生的事情。本句为根据天上的乌云推测将要下雨，因此使用be going to。
4．句意为：我相信只要你努力学习你会成为一名好律师的。will可以表示说话人相信或希望发生的事情,指比较远的将来。本句表达了说话人对于将来的想法因此使用will。
5．句意为：他打算做一名美术老师，因为他非常喜欢画画。be going to指“计划，打算”的事情，不能用will来代替。
6．句意为：琳达明年十八岁了。will可用于陈述将来的确定事实。本句表示的为人的年龄，每年增长一岁为不可改变的事实，因此需要使用will。
规律精点
will和be going to在表示将来的时候的区别可以总结为以下几点：
1．be going to表示即将发生的动作；will表示将来发生的事情，不一定是最近期间之事。
She told him she was going to quit the job.
She will go to Australia next year.
2．be going to可以用来表示某人打算做某事；will则用来叙述某件将要发生之事。前者含有主观意愿;后者只是客观地叙述。
He is not going to be made a scapegoat.
He will not become a scapegoat.
3．在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时，可以用be going to；will只表示单纯的将来，并无按规定或计划之意。
The railway is going to be open on October 1.
This railway will be electrified when there is a need.
突破项目2
条件句
条件句(Conditional)是由“条件状语从句＋主句”构成的复合句，分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
一、真实条件句
品味语法
1．If you pour oil into the water，it floats on the water.
2．If you go to the zoo，what kind of animal do you prefer to see
3．If she agrees with you，she will certainly come.
4．If it is fine tomorrow，we can climb the mountain.
5．If you wake up，give me a call.
自我探究
真实条件句用陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。结构如下：
条件从句 主句
一般现在时 一般现在时
一般将来时
情态动词＋动词原形
祈使句
1.表示普遍真理、客观事实、不受时间限制的自然法则的条件句，其从句和主句的谓语动词都用一般现在时。如例1。
2．表示现在习惯动作的条件句中，其从句和主句的谓语动词也都是用一般现在时。如例2。
3．表示由于某种原因，某种结果有可能发生的条件句，从句用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句用shall/will/can等加动词原形。如例3、4。
4．表达建议、命令或请求的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。如例5。
规律精点
1．在真实条件句中，主句不用be going to表示将来,用shall或will。
如：If you take me in your car，I shall be able to catch the plane.(主句的shall不可以写成be going to)
2．unless的用法相当于if...not。
I sleep with the window open unless the weather is really cold.
＝If the weather is not really cold，I sleep with the window open.
二、虚拟条件句
在条件句中，句子假设的情况如果与现在或过去的事实相反，或实现的可能性很小(与将来的事实相反)，这种句子叫虚拟条件句。其谓语动词用虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望、假设、怀疑或推测。
品味语法
1．If I were you，I would pay a visit to him in person.
2．If I had enough time，I would go to Dalian with them.
3．If it rained tomorrow，we could not go for a walk.
自我探究
虚拟语气可以表示对过去、现在和将来的情况进行假设
1．与现在事实相反时，if从句的谓语动词用过去式;主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might加上动词原形。如例句1、2。
2．与将来事实相反时，if从句的谓语动词用过去式;主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might加上动词原形。如例句3。
3．虚拟条件句中常用were代替was。而在非正式场合或口语中，第一、三人称单数可用was。但总是说：“If I were you...”。
规律精点
虚拟语气对将来的虚拟还有另外两种情况：
1．if从句用should加上动词原形，主句用would/ should/could/might加上动词原形。
If I should look after the baby，I should try my best. 2．if从句用were to加上动词原形，主句用would/ should/could/might加上动词原形。
If they were to do it，they might do it well.
3．虚拟语气表解
从句 主句
与现在事实相反 If＋主语＋动词过去式 主语＋should/would/
could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 If＋主语＋had done 主语＋should/could/
would/might＋have done
与将来事实相反 If＋主语＋动词过去式
②If＋主语＋should do
③If＋主语＋were to do 主语＋should/would/
could/might＋动词原形
1．If he________my advice，he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A．followed B．should follow
C．had followed D．would follow
解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听从我的建议，他就不会失业了。此句是与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时。
语法专练
2．Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________.
A．would have been saved
B．had been saved
C．will be saved
D．was saved
解析：选A。此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中省略if，将had提前；正常语序应为If I had known about...,故主句用would＋have done形式。
3．—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really？I________know.I________go and visit her.
A．didn’t；am going to B．don’t；would
C．don’t；will D．didn’t；will
解析：选D。在听完第一个说话者的话之后，“我不知道Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用一般过去时，因此可以排除B、C两项；“我去看她”这个动作发生在将来，是临时决定要去做某事，没有计划和安排性，所以不用be going to结构，由此可以排除A项。故此题应该选D项。
4.Daniel’s family_______their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A．are enjoying B．are to enjoy
C．will enjoy D．will be enjoying
解析：选D。句意：下周的这个时候，丹尼尔一家将在黄山度假了。由时间状语next week可知，事情发生在下周，故用将来时态，又因this time指这个时候正在做的事，故用将来进行时态。
5.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer.
A．is going to B．are going to
C．was going to D．were going to
解析：选A。当主语后出现together with/as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。
6．If their marketing plans succeed，they________
their sales by 20 percent.
A．will increase B．have been increasing
C．have increased D．would be increasing
解析：选A。本题考查时态。句意为：如果他们的市场计划成功，他们的销售量将会增长20%。此句为含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，从句用了一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时。故选A。
7.No decision________about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A．will be made B．is made
C．is being made D．has been made
解析：选A。本题考查时态和语态。句意为：直到所有的应试者都被面试了，才能作出将来职位的决定。由句意可看出，until后的句子是现在完成时代替将来完成时，实际表将来，所以主句也应是将来发生的动作，又因为decision与make间为被动关系，故此处应是将来时的被动式，所以A项正确。
8．He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he________it differently.
A．could express B．would express
C．could have expressed D．must have expressed
解析：选C。句意：他并没有遗憾说了他所做的事情，但是他觉得他本来可以表达得有所不同。因为是对过去的情况进行的一种虚拟，所以用“情态动词＋完成时”这个形式来表示。
9.This printer is of good quality.If it________break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should
C．could D．might
解析：选B。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。
10.John promised his doctor he_______not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A．might B．should
C．could D．would
解析：选D。句意：约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，且从那时起就再也没有吸。might not可能不; should not不应该；could not不可能(推测)，不能(表能力)；would有“决心、决意”等意思。根据句意，可知D项正确。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
关于电脑方面，可以写电脑的组成(硬件、软件)、功能和作用，也可以写电脑给人们的生活带来的影响等。
【要点词汇】
1．学术的____________
答案：academic
2．应用____________
答案：application
3．存储____________
答案：store
4．大量信息____________
答案：large amounts of information
5．不过，然而____________
答案：however
【句型结构】
1．电脑正改变人们生活、工作的方式。
Computers are changing________________people live and work.
答案：the way
2．随着科学技术的发展，电脑已在各个领域中得到广泛应用。
________the development of science and technology，computers have had wide________in all fields.
答案：With；application
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Computers
One of the greatest advancements in modern technology has been the invention of puters are changing the way people live and work.They are already widely used in industry，business and academic institutions.
With the development of science and technology, computers have had wide application in all fields. A computer can do a lot of work .It is capable
of doing extremely complicated work in all fields of learning.It can solve the most complex mathematics puters are able to store large amounts of information，which can be recalled rapidly at any time.The truth of the matter，however，is that any new technology has a “dark” side. The problems caused by the use of computers are quite different.For example，assembly lines will be a slow process to retain workers to build and operate new equipment.
Nevertheless，the dark side of computers doesn’t mean that we should abandon them.Technology can make the real work cheaper，faster，and less tedious but it cannot solve problems.
所给范文中一些词汇和句子还可以用下面的内容来替换
①People live and work differently with the application of computers. ②many things ③large quantities of ④It’s true that any new technology has a “dark” side，though.
【类文点津】
人们在日常生活中难免会和电脑打交道，对电脑大家也有了很多的了解和应用。写这类文章要注意文章格式和写作要点，并要运用好过渡词汇，注意以下几点：
1．段落要清晰；
2．句型句式要多样；
3．过渡词汇要使用得当；
4．注意时态、语态；
5．书写要工整、规范、美观。
With the development of economy，man’s ①destruction to the earth is more and more serious.It is ②likely that man’s happy future is ③disappearing.Man focuses on developing ④economy but ignores that his activities have ⑤affected the ⑥climate greatly.
词语串串练
随着经济的发展，人类对地球的破坏
越来越严重了。有可能人类的幸福的
未来正不断消失。人类正关注增长经
济，却忽视了自己的行为已大大影响了气候。
一方面，人类的未来是乐观的。很明显，快速增长的经济给我们提供了便利和娱乐。首先，我们的日常生活是便利的。例如：我们可以通过网络与国外的人取得联系。想像一下亲自和在几千英里外的朋友交谈的情景！其次，我们可以享受
旅行。现在长途旅行很时尚。你可以提前与旅行社取得联系，然后他们会给你建议很多目的地。你是不会拒绝他们的合理建议和安排的。你或许会去海港，或许会去参观历史遗迹，或许会去乡下去享受迷人的景色及阳光。生活在中心定居地的人会定期地去郊区放松一下。一切看起来好像是满世界和平安宁的景象，我们的幸福生活已经实现了。
另一方面，人类的活动已经给地球造成了很大破坏。气候已经变化了很多。出名的坏影响之一就是全球变暖，已经导致很多地方洪水泛滥。灾难正在袭击我们的家园。我们的幸福感正在消失！
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Lesson 4，Communication Workshop & Culture Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
How much do you know about New Zealand
__________________________________________________________________________________
预习多维感知
Step Two：Fast Reading
Read the text and judge the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．People from different countries live in Auckland.
( )
2．Europeans were the first people to settle in Auckland.( )
3．The first Europeans who settled in Auckland were the Frenchmen.( )
4．In Auckland，it is allowed to have nuclear testing. ( )
5．Wellington is now the capital of New Zealand，because it is the largest city there.( )
6．Auckland is far from Europe.( )
答案：1～6 TFFFFT
Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Choose the right answers.
1．The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ________.
A．introduce the famous sights of Auckland to readers
B．guide the tourists around Auckland through time and space
C．give readers a brief introduction to every aspect of Auckland
D．make readers have a good knowledge of Auckland’s history
2．Auckland is called “the city of sails ”．Which of the following is the RIGHT reason
A．The temperature is over 20℃ all the year round.
B．It is a place where there is plenty of sunshine.
C．It doesn’t have beaches for doing water sports.
D．It has the most boats in the world.
3．The second paragraph suggests that________.
A．the capital was moved from Auckland to Wellington because Auckland was small and not modern
B．the British got to Auckland about 200 years after the Maoris settled in it
C．New Zealand has never done any nuclear experiments since two decades ago
D．Auckland is a center for business and industry
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text
A．Climate. B．Population.
C．Sports. D．Foods.
5．The main idea of the fourth paragraph is______.
A．that Auckland is an ideal place for water lovers
B．that Auckland has a wet climate
C．why Auckland is called “the city of sails”
D．where the best beaches are
答案：1～5 BDCDA
Ⅱ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Auckland*New Zealand
Brief introduction a.Population：under a million.
b.1.____________：on North Island.
c.Position：an important centre for business and industry
History a.The history of Auckland 2.____________back 650 years.
b.Auckland was ever the 3.__________for some time.
c.Since 1945，Auckland has grown and now has large modern 4.____________.
d.Since 1985，Auckland has been a center for 5.____________against nuclear testing in Asia Pacific.
Famous 6.__________ Include Mt Eden，one of many large volcanoes，as well as the Auckland Harbour Bridge；the Parnell Village；the Sky Tower；the Auckland 7.__________.
A city for water lovers a.It is called “the city of sails”．
b.It has a warm climate with plenty of 8.____________.
c.It has some of the best 9.__________for water sports.
Travel links a.It is easy to travel between Auckland and the rest of New Zealand.
b.There are 10.___________ international flights.
答案：1.Location 2.goes 3.capital 4.suburbs 5.protest 6．sights 7.Museum 8.sunshine 9.beaches 10.regular
Ⅲ.Match the topics a～f with the five paragraphs in the text.There is one extra topic.
(a) the history of the city
(b) travel links
(c) things to see in Auckland
(d) nightlife in Auckland
(e) for water lovers
(f) New Zealand’s largest city
答案：Para.1～5 (f) (a) (c) (e) (b)
Step Four：Summary
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand.It has a 1.____________of under a million people and is located on North Island.It is a 2.____________city which is an important 3.____________for business and 4.____________.And it is also the most exciting city with people of many different 5.____________，the history of which goes back 650 years when the
Maoris 6.____________in this area.In 1985，the New Zealand government made the whole country a 7.____________zone and since then Auckland has been a centre for 8.____________against nuclear
testing.It has many famous 9.____________such as Mt Eden and the Auckland Harbour Bridge.What’s more，it is “the city of sails” because of the most boats and it has a warm 10.___________.In a word，it is an important and exciting city in New Zealand.
答案：1.population 2.seaside 3.centre 4.industry 5．cultures 6.settled 7.nuclear free 8.protest 9.sights 10．climate
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area.
奥克兰的历史追溯到650年前，那时毛利人在当地定居。
settle
(1)vt.& vi.①安排，安放，安家，定居
②(使)安定
(2)vt.解决(问题等)，决定，调停
(3)vi.①支付，结算
②降落，停留
品味经典
①He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
②The baby wouldn’t settle down because it couldn’t see its mother.
那个婴儿因看不见妈妈就无法安定下来。
③She has decided how she should settle the matter.
她已做出决定如何来解决这件事。
④If you pay for both of us now，we can settle up later.
你要是现在先付清咱们两人的账,事后咱们再细算。⑤The bird settled on a branch.
那只鸟落在树枝上。
自我探究
settle down停止，安静下来，安定，定居，安顿
settle for勉强接受，满足于
settle in安顿下来，适应于新家，适应新工作
settle on决定，选定
settle up结账，了结某事
settle with与……达成协议，与……成交，算清账目
牛刀小试
(1)With so many difficult problems________，the manager felt worried all the time.
A．settled B．having settled
C．settling D．to settle
解析：选D。句意：因为有许多难题要解决，经理一直感到忧虑。不定式在此表示将来的动作，故选D。
(2)It was so noisy outside that he couldn’t________ down to read.
A．settle B．put
C．sit D．lie
解析：选A。句意：外面这么吵闹以至于他不能安下心来看书。settle down意为“安定下来，专心于”，故选A。
(3)Generous public funding of basic science would ________a good many benefits for the country’s health，wealth and security.
A．result from B．lead to
C．lie in D．settle down
解析：选B。句意：慷慨的基础科学公共基金将使国家的健康、财富和安全诸多受益。result from起因于，由……造成；lead to导致，引起；lie in存在于；settle down安定下来，故选B。
2Famous sights include Mt Eden，one of many large volcanoes，as well as the Auckland Harbour Bridge.
奥克兰的著名景点包括大火山之一的伊甸山脉，以及奥克兰港湾大桥。
as well as (1)不仅……而且；既……也…… (2)和……一样好
品味经典
①The girl is good at English as well as French.
这个女孩既擅长法语又擅长英语。
②She doesn’t speak as well as her friends，but her written work is excellent.
她说得不像她的朋友们那样好，但是书面稿却非常出色。
③The 60 year old is as well as a young fellow thanks to the physical exercise in his spare time.
那位60岁老人的身体像小伙子一样好，这多亏了他空闲时间所进行的体育锻炼。
④As well as writing ten papers he translated four novels.
除了写十篇论文之外，他又翻译了四本小说。
自我探究
(1)as well表示“也，又”的意思(＝also，too)。
(2)as well as连接两个并列主语时，句中谓语动词的单复数形式由as well as前面的主语决定。
⑤Andy Lau is a famous movie star，and a singer as well.
刘德华既是一位著名影星，也是一名歌手。
⑥Mr.Smith as well as his two sons was invited to the party.
史密斯先生和他的两个儿子都被邀请参加晚会。
牛刀小试
(1)John plays football________，if not better than David.
A．as well B．as well as
C．so well D．so well as
解析：选B。句意为：如果约翰足球踢得不比戴维好的话，那至少踢得像戴维一样好。根据句意可知应选B项。
(2)(2011年聊城高一检测)The father as well as his three children__________skating on the freezing river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A．is going B．go
C．goes D．are going
解析：选C。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：父亲和他的三个孩子在冬天每个周日下午都去冰冻的河面上滑冰。主语后加as well as结构时，谓语动词与主语保持一致；从every Sunday afternoon可知应用一般现在时。
3 In the city，you can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower，which is the city’s tallest Tower.
在城里，站在城市最高的塔——天空塔上，你可以欣赏到令人惊奇的景色。
view n．景色，风景，想法，意见，态度，视野
v．把……视为；看待
品味经典
①There is a lovely view across the valley.
峡谷对面有美丽的风景。
归纳拓展
②Luckily，a bus came into our view.
幸运的是，一辆公共汽车出现在我们的视野中。
③In view of the weather，we will call off the outing.
由于天气原因，我们要取消这次郊游。
自我探究
scene，scenery，view，sight
(1)scene指局部的或一眼可见全貌的风景或景色，不限于自然的风景，此种情况下是可数名词。作“布景”讲时，指的是舞台的部分场景。
(2)scenery指某一国家或地区整体的自然风景，不可数名词。作“布景”讲时，指舞台的全部场景。
(3)view常指从某一特定地点看到的景色、风景。
(4)sight指某一地区值得观赏的具有特色的人文景观
、风景名胜等。
牛刀小试
(1)Standing on the top of the hill，you’ll get a wonderful________of the city.
A．sight B．view
C．scene D．scenery
解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在山顶，你会看到漂亮的城市风景。view常指从某一特定地点看到的景色、风景，符合句意。sight多指值得观赏的人文景观，风景名胜等；scene多指景色；场景；scenery多指某地方的总的自然景观。
(2)I would like to buy a house which has a(n)______
over the sea.
A．image B．view
C．sight D．scenery
解析：选B。view视野，眼界。
(3)If we sit near the front of the bus，we’ll have a better________.
A．view B．sight
C．scene D．sign
解析：选A。view“风景”，从某一特定地点看到的景色。
4 Famous sights include Mt Eden，one of many large volcanoes，as well as the Auckland Harbour Bridge.
著名景点包括大火山之一的伊甸山和奥克兰港湾大桥。
include v．包括；包含；把……包括在内。
品味经典
①Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.
你的职责包括打信件和接电话。
②At least 80 persons were injured，five policemen included.
至少有80人受伤，其中包括5名警察。
③Your duties will include putting the children to bed.
哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。
④Does the price include tax
这个价钱包括税款吗？
⑤I include eggs on the list of things to buy.
我把鸡蛋列入购物单内。
⑥He includes me among his friends.
他把我当成朋友。
⑦The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
这次游览包括参观科学博物馆。
⑧The price includes postage charges.
这价钱包括邮费。
⑨This fitness programme includes swimming regularly.
这套健身方案包括定期游泳。
自我探究
include作及物动词，在引出一个解释性短语时，要分清是用现在分词(其后应有宾语)还是用过去分词(其宾语变为逻辑主语，注意其被动关系)。
Everyone laughed，including me.
＝Everyone laughed，me included.
每个人都笑了，包括我在内。
牛刀小试
(1)The book________13 maps，________the maps of Britain and France.
A．includes；including
B．contains；containing
C．contains；including
D．includes；containing
解析：选C。第一个空指内容上“包括”，要用contain。第二个空是指范围、部分，应用include的现在分词形式作状语，故本题答案为C。
(2)Vegetables________a lot of vitamins.
A．contain B．includes
C．consist D．make up
解析：选A。句意为“蔬菜里含有多种维生素”,故选A。
5 It has a warm climate with plenty of sunshine－the average temperature in January (summer) is 23.4℃ and in July (winter) it is 7.8℃.
这里气候温和，阳光充足——平均气温一月(夏季)23.4摄氏度，七月(冬季)7.8摄氏度。
average adj.普通的；平均的 n．平均数
品味经典
①The employees’ average income is about $1,500 a month in this company.
这家公司的员工平均所得大约是每月1500美元。
②The average kid in this kindergarten spends about four hours playing outdoors every day.
这家幼儿园的普通孩子每天要在户外玩耍4个小时。
自我探究
above/below (the) average高于/低于平均水平
on (an/the) average平均起来
an average of平均有
③On average，women live longer than men.
一般来说，女性比男性寿命长。
④An average of four persons were killed in the traffic accidents each day last year.
去年平均每天有4人在车祸中死亡。
牛刀小试
(1)—How do you like the film
—There was nothing special.It was only________.
A．average B．usual
C．normal D．common
解析：选A。句意：——你认为这部电影怎么样？——没什么特别之处，只是一般般。average此处表“一般水平”，既不好，也不坏，没有什么特别引人入胜之处，符合句意，故选A。
(2)The________family in Europe throws as much as ￡20 worth of reusable materials into its dustbin each year.
A．often B．usual
C．middle D．average
解析：选D。句意：欧洲的普通家庭每年会往垃圾箱内扔掉价值多达20英镑的可回收材料。often经常；usual通常的；middle中间的；average平均的,普通的，故选D。
(3)400 people a year die of this disease________in our country.
A．on purpose B．on average
C．on the contrary D．in case
解析：选B。句意：在我国每年平均有400人死于这种疾病。on purpose有意地；on average平均；on the contrary相反；in case以防万一。故选B。
6 New Zealand，in the South Pacific，consists of two large islands plus other smaller islands with an area of 270,000 sq km.
新西兰位于南太平洋，由两个较大的岛屿和其他一些小岛组成，面积27万平方千米。
consist vi.(1)由……组成；包含有
(2)主要是，在于
归纳拓展
品味经典
①True charity doesn’t consist in alms giving.
真正的慈善不在于施舍。
②Theory should consist with practice.
理论应与实践相一致。
自我探究
consist of表示“由……组成”，一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态。
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年重庆高一检测)The United Kingdom ________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A．is consisted of B．is made up
C．consists of D．consists in
解析：选C。句意为：英国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。consist of由……组成。
(2)In my opinion，happiness________good health, not in wealth.
A．consists in B．consists of
C．consists with D．consists on
解析：选A。句意为：依我的观点来看，幸福在于健康而不在于财富。consist of表示“由……组成”；consist with表示“与……一致”；consist in表示“在于……”。根据句意可知应选A项。
7 It is also the most exciting city in New Zealand with people of many different cultures living there.
它也是新西兰最具活力的多元文化交融的城市。
品味经典
①Premier Wen Jiabao looked at the ruins left by the earthquake with eyebrows frowning slightly.
温家宝总理看着地震后留下的废墟，双眉微蹙。
句型巧析
②Mr.Brown was thinking for a while with his eyes shut.
布朗先生闭着眼睛思考了片刻。
③With so many things to deal with，I can’t go on holiday.
有这么多事要处理，我不能去度假。
④Miss Green said good bye with tears in her eyes.
格林小姐眼含泪水说再见。
⑤The professor came in，(with a) glass in (his) hand.
那位教授手里拿着一个玻璃杯走了进来。
⑥It is not polite to speak with your mouth full.
你满嘴食物说话是不礼貌的。
⑦Jim was so careless that he left the classroom with all the lights on.
吉姆如此粗心大意以至于他让所有的灯开着就离开了教室。
自我探究
本句是一个“主＋系＋表”结构的简单句。in New Zealand作状语；with people of many different cultures living there是“with复合结构”，作定语，修饰city。
with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”，常见形式如下：
(1)with＋n./pron.＋doing
(2)with＋n./pron.＋done
(3)with＋n./pron.＋to do
(4)with＋n./pron.＋介词短语
(5)with＋n./pron.＋adj.
(6)with＋n./pron.＋adv.
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年连云港高一模拟)The April 10,2010 air crash，with a Russian Tu 145 plane_______Poland’s President Lech Kaczinsky，his wife and many Polish government and military officials，shocked the whole world.
A．carried B．being carried
C．carrying D．to carry
解析：选C。考查with的复合结构。句意为：2010年4月10日的空难震惊了全世界，失事飞机是一架俄罗斯Tu 145飞机，机上乘客包括波兰总统Lech Kaczinsky及其夫人，还有很多波兰政府和军队官员。with＋宾语(a Russian Tu 145 plane)＋宾补，plane与作补语的carry之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作宾补一起构成with的复合结构。
(2)With a lot of homework________，I can’t go to the cinema with you after school.
A．done B．doing
C．having done D．to do
解析：选D。考查with的复合结构。句意为：由于有很多作业要做,我放学以后不能跟你去看电影了。在with＋宾语(homework)＋宾补的结构中，不定式作宾补表示将来的动作，符合题意，而且不定式在with结构中作宾补时多用主动形式表被动意义，故答案选D。
(3)—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work________my mind，I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
解析：选B。句意为：——快点，请给我一些有关这个项目的建议。——很抱歉，脑子里装这么多的工作，我几乎要垮掉了。在with复合结构中，so much work与动词fill之间是主动关系，故选B。A项表被动关系，如改为With my mind filled with so much work...就正确了。C项不定式表示将要发生的动作，在语意上不符。
(4)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.
A．going on B．goes on
C．went on D．to go on
解析：选A。句意为：有这么多噪音，我无法做作业。由句意可知噪音正在响着，所以只能用going on表正在发生。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共77张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warm up & Lesson 1
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
Compared to 20 years ago how do you think technology will change our lives
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
预习多维感知
答案：We have more cars and computers which/ that are more and more popular.
Go shopping online.
Needn’t carry cash and use credit cards.
Instead of going to the bank you can use a computer and a telephone to pay for bills.
Step Two：Fast Reading
Read the text and judge the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．In spite of the development of computers，it is unlikely to live in virtual reality.( )
2．The text infers to us that worry is necessary and computers and the Internet may do bad to us.( )
3．It is certain that in the future children will not go to school in the classroom like us.( )
4．According to the text，it is possible that people live in another world of outer space.( )
5．In virtual reality，you can go to work but needn’t go to the place yourself.( )
6．Because of the rapid development of Internet，television and the mail may disappear and are replaced by computers.( )
答案：1～6 FTFFTT
Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Choose the right answers.
1．The writer writes this passage in order to____.
A．show us the bright future of cyberspace
B．tell people the disadvantages of the Net
C．build up the future picture of the influence of the Net on our life
D．make people know about the advantages of the Net
2．We can infer from the passage that_______.
A．cyberspace will affect people’s life greatly
B．communicating with your friends on the Internet is always secret
C．the Net is sure to have a good effect on people’s life
D．the Net is sure to have a bad influence on people’s life
3．Angela Rossetto thinks that________.
A．e mail will surely replace mail
B．most people think the Net has a bright future
C．people will book tickets from the Net
D．more and more people will buy what they need on the Net
4．The word “chaos” in the second paragraph can be replaced by________.
A．an accident
B．a disordered situation
C．a fire
D．an interruption
5．The main idea of the last paragraph is________.
A．people can do everything in virtual reality
B．cyberspace will play an important role in people’s life
C．the prediction of our life in virtual reality
D．people can not live without the Net
答案：1～5 CADBC
Ⅱ.Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Title：The Future of Cyberspace
The 1._______in the number of the computers In 1983：Only 200 computers were 2.____________to the Internet.
Now：There are around 50 million.
In the future：The growth is going to 3.___________.
Pessimistic opinions One worry is 4.____________in cyberspace. Hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments.5.____________may cause chaos and make planes and trains crash by attacking the world’s computers in the future.
Optimistic opinions Users can do many things on the Internet：
a.buy 6.____________；
b.find out about holiday offers；
c.book tickets；
d.get all sorts of 7.____________.
Our future in virtual 8.__________ work in virtual offices.
b.9.________in virtual supermarkets.
c.study in virtual 10.____________.
答案：1.growth 2.connected 3.continue 4.crime
5．Terrorists 6.books 7.information 8.reality
9．shop 10.schools
Ⅲ.Main idea of each paragraph.
Part 1：__________________________________
Part 2：__________________________________
Part 3：__________________________________
Part 4：__________________________________
答案：Part 1：The Growth of the Internet
Part 2：Pessimistic Ideas Towards the Future of Cyberspace
Part 3：Optimistic Ideas Towards the Future of Cyberspace
Part 4：The Future of Virtual Reality
Step Four：Summary
In the latest years，the Internet has grown rapidly. There are around 50 million computers 1.________
to the Internet and this growth is clearly going to 2.__________.People have different opinions about the future.Some 3.__________experts worry about crime in cyberspace.For example, 4.____________
get into the computers of banks and governments，
terrorists attack the world’s computers，cause
5.____________and make planes and trains crash.
But many people are 6.____________about the future of the Internet.It is believed that we can see a 7.____________growth in the Net shopping，and television and mail service may 8.____________with the 9.____________use of e mail.An Australian expert says that 10.____________reality will become a part of modern life.
答案：1.connected 2.continue 3.pessimistic 4.hackers 5.chaos 6.optimistic 7.huge 8.disappear 9.increasing 10．virtual
Step Five：Discussion
Read the text and try to answer the following questions.
1．Why some experts are pessimistic about the future
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
答案：Because they think in the future，terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers，cause chaos, and make planes and trains crash.
2．Why are many people optimistic about the future of the Internet
________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Because they feel that the Internet can bring us much convenience.
3．In virtual reality，what will make you feel as if you are in a real situation
________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The use of computers with sounds and pictures.
4．According to Peter Anderson，do you think he is optimistic about the future of the Internet
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Yes，he is.
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1The Day after Tomorrow is a movie about global warming and how it will destroy cities and change the world in the future.
《后天》是一部关于全球变暖以及它在将来如何破坏城市和改变世界的电影。
destroy vt.破坏，毁坏
品味经典
Nearly ninety percent of the houses in Yushu County，Qinghai Province were destroyed by the big earthquake on April 14th,2010.
青海省玉树县近90%的房屋被2010年4月14日发生的大地震所摧毁了。
自我探究
destroy，damage，ruin
(1)destroy只能用作动词，常指彻底破坏，无法修复。也可用于表示希望、计划等破灭。
(2)damage既可作动词，也可作名词。常指人的威信、名声或物品的外观、价值、用途等受到损坏，修理后还可以继续使用。
(3)ruin既可用作动词，也可作名词。其名词复数形式表示废墟。主要强调毁灭的彻底性，即人、物毁坏到不能复原或面目全非的地步。
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年唐山高一检测)More than two hundred people died or were________in the earthquake.
A．ruined B．injured
C．damaged D．destroyed
解析：选B。句意为：在这次地震中有两百多人受伤或死亡。injure受伤；ruin，damage和destroy都意为“毁坏”。故选B。
(2)完成句子
①如果穿那件衬衫面试，你会断送得到这份工作的机会。
You’ll________the chance of the job if you wear that shirt to the interview.
答案：ruin
②在事故中受损的那辆车正在修理之中。
The car________in the accident is being repaired.
答案：damaged
③在可怕的十五秒钟之内，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_______. 答案：ruins
2Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.
彼得·泰勒发现计算机和因特网将会怎样影响我们的生活。
(1)find out 找出，发现，查明
品味经典
①Please find out when the last train leaves for London.
请查查最后一辆去伦敦的火车何时出发。
②Has she found out that you broke the window
她知道是你打碎窗户的吗？
③I’ve found the book you want.
我已找到了你想要的那本书。
④We found the people there very friendly.
我们发现那儿的人很友好。
⑤Please find out the truth as soon as possible.
请尽快把真相搞清楚。
⑥Have you found out when the conference will be held
你搞清楚什么时候召开会议了吗？
自我探究
find意为“找到、发现”，通常表示无意找而“发现”，可接复合宾语，通常指找到某个具体的东西或人。find out通常指经过努力去“打听；查清”，不能接复合宾语，通常指查明某个真相，发现某种规律，都是抽象的东西。
(2)affect vt.影响
品味经典
①The Internet and computers are going to affect our lives.
互联网和计算机将影响我们的生活。
②Smoking affects health.
吸烟影响健康。
③Rain affects the grass.
雨水影响草的生长。
④We are interested in the weather because it affects us so directly.
我们对天气很感兴趣，因为天气直接影响着我们。
⑤She is easily influenced by her friends.
她很容易受朋友的影响。
⑥My father influenced me to accept the job.
我父亲的影响使我接受了这项工作。
自我探究
在表示对人或事的影响时，affect和influence的意义很相近，故有时候是可以互换的。但是，affect通常指有形的力量造成的物质或生理上的影响；而influence通常指无形的力量所造成的“潜移默化的或持久的影响”或“重要的影响”，尤指感情或态度上的影响。
牛刀小试
(1)________more about university courses，call (920) 746 3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out
C．Find out D．Having found out
解析：选A。句意为：为了了解更多关于大学课程的内容，拨打(920)746 3789。不定式to find out表目的，find out表示“弄清楚，了解”的意思，符合题干意思、语法要求，故本题应选A项。
(2)The climate________the amount of rainfall.
A．have affected B．have effected
C．affected D．effected
解析：选C。climate作主语，是单数意义，故排除A、B两项。affect意为“对……有影响”，而effect意为“产生，造成……结果”。本句句意为“气候影响雨量”，而不是“气候造成降雨量”，故C项正确。
(3)完成句子
①由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
The firefighter’s lung________________because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
答案：was affected
②政府决定立刻使那些新政策生效。
The government decided to________the new policies ________________at once.
答案：put；into effect
③那种药并没有产生效用，他的头痛仍然在继续。
The medicine didn’t________________and his headache continued.
答案：take effect
④我的父亲有着坚强的意志和良好的幽默感，对我有很大的影响。
My father with strong will and good humour_______
________me.
答案：has/had much effect on/upon
3 In the future，terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers，cause chaos，and make planes and trains crash.
将来，恐怖分子可能会“攻击”全世界的计算机，制造混乱，引发飞机和火车事故。
(1)attack vt.& vi.
①(用武力)攻击；进攻；袭击
②猛烈抨击；责难
③侵害；侵袭
n．①攻击，袭击 ②侵袭，发作
品味经典
①The police began to attack the robbers trapped in the house under cover of darkness.
警方趁着黑夜开始攻击被围困在房子里的劫匪们。
②The famous coach believes that in a match，attack is the best form of defense.
那位著名教练认为在一场比赛中，攻击是最佳的防御。
归纳拓展
(2)cause vt.
①使产生；引起 ②(接双宾语)给……带来……
n．原因，起因
品味经典
①The heavy rain caused the river to rise，which brought inconvenience to the people living along the river.
大雨引起河水上涨，这给沿河居住的人们带来了不便。
②The news that his daughter was sent to hospital caused him much anxiety.
他女儿被送往医院就医的消息使他非常焦虑。
③The disorder of the American Wall Street’s finance is considered to be the cause of the 2009 global financial crisis.
美国华尔街的金融紊乱被认为是2009年全球金融危机的起因。
自我探究
cause，reason，excuse
(1)cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因，起因。”
(2)reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”。
(3)excuse是为某事而找的“借口，辩解”。
④Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.
火灾往往是由于粗心引起的。
⑤You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his invitation.
你必须告诉他你不接受他邀请的原因。
牛刀小试
(1)Frank has been________for ignoring his collegues and responsibility he should take.
A．attacking B．attracting
C．attacked D．attracted
解析：选C。句意为：弗兰克因为漠视同事，忽视自己所应承担的责任而受到责难。attack除了表示“攻击，进攻”讲，还表示“抨击，责难”。根据句意可知弗兰克与“抨击，责难”之间存在被动关系。attract吸引，不符合句意，故本题应选C项。
(2)At dawn the army________the town and finally captured it.
A．attacked B．attained
C．attracted D．attached
解析：选A。本题考查词义辨析。句意为：黎明时分军队向那座城镇发起攻击，并且最终占领了那座城镇。attack表示“攻击，抨击”；attain表示“得到，获得”；attract表示“吸引”；attach表示“缚，系，固定在……之上”。
(3)According to the research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack are not necessarily________and effect.
A．reason B．impact
C．fact D．cause
解析：选D。句意为：根据研究表明，饮用浓咖啡与心脏病不是必然的因果关系。cause and effect表示起因与结果(作用、影响)，故应选D项。
(4)—I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke.I was very tired.
—There is no________for this while you are on duty.
A．reason B．excuse
C．cause D．explanation
解析：选B。句意为：——对不起，我出去吸烟了。我非常疲惫。——在值班的时候你没有任何借口去做这件事。excuse表示“借口，托辞”，符合句意。
4 However，many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet.
但是，很多人对因特网的未来还是持乐观态度的。
optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的
品味经典
All the party members were optimistic when they were striving against enemies for a new social country in the hard times.
所有的党员在困难时期为争取建立一个新的社会主义国家与敌人作斗争时都是很乐观的。
自我探究
be optimistic about对……乐观的
optimist n．乐观论者，乐观主义者
optimism n．乐观(论)，乐观主义
optimistically adv.乐观地
pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
牛刀小试
(1)The situation is________—we have no food，very little water and no medical supplies.
A．desperate B．adventurous
C．deserted D．optimistic
解析：选A。句意：形势太令人绝望了——我们没有食物，几乎没有水，也没有药物。desperate绝望的；adventurous爱冒险的；deserted荒芜的，被遗弃的；optimistic乐观的，故选A。
(2)He is________about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A．optimistic B．optional
C．outstanding D．obvious
解析：选A。句意：他对明年在奥运会上能有机会获得金牌很乐观。optimistic乐观的；optional可选择的；outstanding杰出的；obvious明显的。be optimistic about意为“对……感到乐观”，故选A。
5 Already，users can buy books，find out about holiday offers，book tickets，and get all sorts of information from the Internet.
用户已经可以在网上购书，查找假日特惠，预订票务，并且获取各种各样的信息。
offer vt.主动提出，出价
vi.(机会等) 出现；献祭；提议
n．①提议，提供 ②出价，报价
品味经典
①The museum offers extensive facilities for study.
这个博物馆提供了许多以供研究的设备。
②I don’t need any help，but it was kind of you to offer.
我不需要任何帮助，但是你愿意提供帮助，我很感激。
③If he makes you a good offer，don’t refuse it.
如果他向你提出一个好建议，你不要拒绝。
④I’ve had an offer of ￡2,500 for the car.
有人向我们出价2,500英镑买这辆汽车。
自我探究
offer，provide，supply
(1)offer指行为者主动慷慨地“提出给予”或“提出帮助、服务”，表示友善行为，可加双宾语。
(2)provide往往意味着“免费供给”，而supply一般不含此意。这两个词都不能跟双宾语，而要与with连用，以说明所提供的物品。
(3)表示“为某人提供某物”的结构有：offer sb.sth.; provide/supply sb.with sth.；supply sth.for/to sb.；provide sth.for sb.。
牛刀小试
(1)After I waited for a very long time，the manager made a phone call to me yesterday________me a good job at last.
A．giving B．providing
C．supplying D．offering
解析：选D。句意：等了很久，昨天经理终于给我打电话向我提供了一份好工作。选项B和C均不能与双宾语连用，但可以形成provide/supply sb.with sth.的结构；give和offer后面可跟双宾语，但意义不同, give包含给予和接受的全过程，而offer只指提供，不涉及接受的问题，故选D。
(2)—Do you have any problems if you________this job
—Well，I’m thinking about the salary...
A．offer B．will offer
C．are offered D．will be offered
解析：选C。本题考查时态和语态。此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。
(3)—If you like，I can do some shopping for you.
—That’s a very kind________.
A．offer B．service
C．point D．advice
解析：选A。本题考查名词的用法。offer意为“提议”。根据句意，故选A。
6...，“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”
……，“显然，我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。”
此句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。主语从句放在句首往往显得句子头重脚轻，因此为了使句子得以平衡，通常借助于it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句末。
句型巧析
品味经典
①It worried her a lot that her hair was going grey.
她的头发开始变得灰白，这使她非常担忧。
②It is known to all that money can’t grow on the tree.
众所周知，钱不能长在树上。
③It is a pity that he can’t attend the party.
真遗憾，他不能参加聚会。
自我探究
主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，则不能用it作形式主语。
④What he said interested me greatly.
他所说的使我很感兴趣。
⑤Whoever is tired may rest.
谁累了都可以休息一下。
牛刀小试
(1)________is funny that I watch myself on TV.
A．One B．This
C．It D．That
解析：选C。本题考查代词的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语，此处应用It作形式主语，故C正确
(2)________is said that he has got married.
A．As B．That
C．This D．It
解析：选D。根据句子结构，that引导的从句为主语从句，作真正的主语，此处应用It作形式主语，故选D。
7 Some experts see our future in virtual reality－the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.
有些专家看到虚拟现实中我们的未来——运用计算机的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像在现实中一样。
品味经典
①She looks as if she is going to cry.
她看起来似乎要哭了。
②She talks to me as if she were my sister.
她就好像我姐姐似的跟我说话。
③He stood up as if he wanted to leave.
他站起来似乎要离开。
④He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
⑤It sounds as though you had a good time.
听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
自我探究
as if似乎，好像，仿佛，相当于as though。as if/ though作为连词，既可以引导方式状语从句，也可以引导表语从句。描述非现实的情况时，在as if/though从句中，以用假设的过去时或过去完成时为原则，系动词be常用were或had been。as if/ though从句若表达实际情况，则不用虚拟语气。
牛刀小试
(1)The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_____whether he was going in the right direction.
A．see B．having seen
C．have seen D．to see
解析：选D。本题考查as if引导的表语从句中的省略用法。此句中从句与主句的主语一致，从句中主语及动词be可省略。句意为“我们跟踪的那个男人突然停下来,看上去好像是在判断是否走对了方向。”由题意可知，他停下来的目的好像是为了辨别是否走对了方向，所以用动词不定式，故选D。
(2)(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．as if
解析：选C。句意：这些工程师太忙了，他们没有时间进行户外运动，即使他们有这方面的爱好。even if即使，符合句意。
(3)—How did you find the leader of the Youth League
—Well，she talks________she herself were an expert on the teenagers.
A．as if B．even though
C．even if D．so that
解析：选A。as if好像；even though/even if即使；so that为了，以便。
The Future of Cyberspace
Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.
In the last thirty years，the Internet has grown rapidly.In 1983，there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet；now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.
译文助读
Some experts are pessimistic about the future.One worry is crime in cyberspace.Even now，young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments.In the future，terrorists may “attack” the world’s computers，cause chaos，and make planes and trains crash.
However，many people are optimistic about the future of the Internet.Already，users can buy books, find out about holiday offers，book tickets，and get all sorts of information from the Internet.
“In the next few years，”says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine，“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”She also believes that，in the future，we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.The mail service may also disappear with the increasing use of e mail.
Some experts see our future in virtual reality－the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.“Personally，I think virtual reality will become a part of modern life，”says Australian expert Peter Anderson.“I see people living and working in a virtual world.We will work in virtual offices，shop in virtual supermarkets，and we will even study in virtual schools.”
网络空间的未来
彼得·泰勒发现计算机和因特网将会怎样影响我们的生活。
近30年来，因特网以惊人的速度发展。1983年，仅有200台计算机连接到因特网，现在已经发展到约5,000万台左右，而且很明显这一增长趋势仍将继续。
有些专家对未来感到悲观。有一种担心就是网络犯罪。现在，年轻的黑客们可以进入银行及政府的计算机系统。将来，恐怖分子可能会“攻击”全世界的计算机，制造混乱，引发飞机和火车事故。
但是，很多人对因特网的未来还是持乐观态度的。用户已经可以在网上购书，查找假日特惠，预订票务，并且获取各种各样的信息。
Cyberia杂志的安吉拉·罗赛托说：“显然，在接下来的几年里，我们将会看到网上购物的迅猛发展。”她还确信，我们将来可以在网上进行娱乐活动，而且那时电视很可能不复存在。随着电子邮件使用增多，邮政服务也很可能会消失。
有些专家看到了虚拟现实中我们的未来——运用计算机产生声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。澳大利亚专家彼得·安德森说：“我个人认为，虚拟现实会成为现代生活的一部分。我看到人们正在虚拟世界里生活、工作。我们将来会在虚拟办公室里工作，在虚拟超市购物，甚至在虚拟学校里学习。”
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共8张PPT)
Unit 4 Cyberspace
教材背景链接
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
—Albert Einstein
想像力比知识更为重要。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
Anything one man can imagine，other men can make real. —Jules Verne，French Writer
但凡人能想像到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。
——法国作家凡尔纳
名言佳句
类文欣赏
Will Email Replace Letter writing
The State of Letter writing
To truly know the decline of letter writing，it’s
best to look at surveys of the young.Two years
ago，a survey found that a third of 16 to 19 year old girls had never written a letter，while among boys，the figure was over a half.When did you last write a proper letter to a close friend or family member？Where do you keep your writing paper and envelopes
If the letter really is disappearing fast，now might be a good time to chew over what we are about to lose.
The Effect of Email
The coming of email has played much the biggest role in the fate(命运) of the letter.“In the Victorian era，letter writing was what people did in their spare time，and then they read the letters to each other.In a way，it was the news，as much as anything，”the novelist A．S. Byatt says.
There is only one problem：what her trust on computer based communication will mean for her works.“I’ve been talking to the people in the British Library，who are interested in my archive(档案文件)，but it’s not going to be easy for them，because technology keeps changing，”she says.“Very often，they can’t read the computer material they’ve collected.At last they’d like to take away a copy of my hard disk.They still love ink on paper.”
The Problems Biographers Will Meet
And so we arrive at one of the more worrying results of the change from paper to computers：if emails now note the progress of important lives down，how will future biographers manage
“From that point of view，it’s a completely disappointing thing，”says the novelist and biographer D．J.Taylor，whose Life of William Makepeace Thackeray used a lot of handwritten letters.“Thackeray always thought that he wasn’t much of a letter writer，but he wrote 15 every morning.In some ways，it’s the only way that you can follow his life.”
“Long letters between people who know each other well are quite a complicated(复杂的) way of talk，”he says.“The problem is not so much the difference between the letter and the email；the problem is whether anybody is going to keep those forms of communication.If you’re a famous writer，and you’re sending emails to your friends，are you going to copy them？I don’t know.”
The Future of Letter writing
Behind the disappointing statistics(统计数字)，letter writers can find cause for hope.The simple number of letters may seem to be falling，but there are signs of interest in the world of paper，envelopes，and trips to the post office.
Perhaps the best example of all this is the success of the stationery sold by Smythson.“The need for Smythson stationery，”says a company spokeswoman，“shows the fact that in this time of advanced technology，the written word is more celebrated and appreciated than ever before.”
Task：True or False
1．16 to 19 year old boys never write letters.( )
2．Novelist A．S.Byatt has used the computer to write her works.( )
3．Thackeray has to write letters because he doesn’t have a computer.( )
Keys：1.F 2.T 3.F(共76张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
预习多维感知
Step One：Complete the following sentences
1. If you s something，you bring forward a plan or idea for someone to think about.
2．The t of a book，play，film or piece of music is its name.
3．The d of someone or something is the place to which they are going or being sent.
预习多维感知
4．If you e a room or building，you leave it.
5．H people，situations，or things that existed in the past are thought to be a part of history.
6．When you p a bag，you put your things into it，because you are leaving a place or going on holiday.
7．A m is a very rich person who has money worth at least a million pounds or dollars.
8．Your t are the five movable parts at the end of each foot.
答案：1.suggest 2.title 3.destination 4.exit 5.Historical 6.pack 7.millionaire 8.toes
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Choose the right answers.
1．What does Cathy have to do this weekend
A．Finish a project on the history of the Internet.
B．Go camping with her family if the weather is fine.
C．Help Tom with his project.
D．Look for books in the library.
2．According to Cathy，if we had a virtual reality holiday，we________.
A．wouldn’t worry about the weather
B．would only spend a short time travelling on the plane to get to the holiday destination
C．would go anywhere with anyone we like
D．all would like to have an around the world tour
3．What does Tom advise Cathy to do
A．Look for books in the library.
B．Use the library computer to look for information.
C．Go to a science museum.
D．Go camping with Tom and his family.
4．How does Tom think about the virtual holiday
A．It’s worth expecting to have a chance.
B．It’s as interesting as travelling somewhere in the flesh.
C．It’s hard to imagine.
D．He is very interested in it.
5．As for the virtual reality，________.
A．Tom prefers virtual holidays to virtual universities
B．Cathy prefers virtual holidays to virtual universities
C．Tom prefers virtual universities to virtual holidays
D．Cathy prefers virtual universities to virtual holidays
答案：1～5 AABCC
Ⅱ.Read the text and judge the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．Tom will help Cathy finish a project on the history of the Internet this weekend.( )
2．Tom will have a virtual holiday this weekend.
( )
3．Airtual university will be more interesting than a real university.( )
4．A virtual reality holidays spend less time than real holidays.( )
5．You needn’t go to the real place in virtual reality holidays.( )
6．The Science Museum online doesn’t exist in fact. ( )
答案：1～6 FFFTTF
Step Three：Careful Reading
Find the same sentences in the text as the following ones in meaning.
1．What are you going to do this weekend
___________________________________________
答案：What are you up to this weekend
2．We will go unless it rains.
___________________________________________
答案：We won’t go if it rains.
3．I still find it is hard to imagine.
____________________________________________
答案：I still find it hard to imagine.
4．In the future，we can use modern technology to go anywhere we like.
____________________________________________
答案：In the future，we’ll be able to use modern technology to go anywhere we like.
Step Four：Summary
Some young 1.____________don’t think they will be in trouble for getting into computers of others.In their opinion，getting into networks like the phone company is harmless fun.2.____________，getting into computers of others will make trouble for you，and the best way to stay out of trouble is to 3.____________how you feel if someone does it to you before you do it.I don’t think you will feel happy
if someone reads your email or diary，4._________.
Lots of kids have enough 5.____________about computers to get into some big networks，but so 6.____________？It doesn’t mean you are smart；it just means you don’t mind 7.____________other people.I think no company will hire you to protect computers if you’ve been a hacker when you want to find a job.It’s a question of 8.__________，not skill.
If you are interested in computers，don’t use your skill to get others’ privacy.I think helping the people who have trouble 9._______computers to solve their problems will make your life more meaningful. It also may bring you many friends but not 10.______.
答案：1.hackers 2.However 3.imagine 4.either
5．knowledge 6.what 7.harming 8.trust 9.using 10.enemies
Step Five：Translate the following sentences
1．一条新的铁路已被修建起来将武汉和合肥连接到一起。
___________________________________________
答案：A new railway has been built to connect Wuhan to Hefei.
2．人们现在能够很容易地从因特网上获得大量有用的信息。
___________________________________________
答案：People can easily get a lot of useful information from the Internet now.
3.很显然在未来几年网上购物会越来越受欢迎。
__________________________________________
答案：It is obvious/clear that in the next few years shopping online will become more and more popular.
4.由于手机和电脑的广泛使用，邮局可能会在几年之后消失。
__________________________________________
答案：The post office is likely to disappear in a few years because of the wide use of cellphones and computers.
5．你不要再抽烟了，这会影响是否被那家公司聘用的。
__________________________________________
答案：Don’t smoke any more；it would affect whether you can be accepted by the company.
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 And do you fancy going to the dance on Saturday night
星期六晚上你想要去跳舞吗？
fancy v．①想要，喜欢
②认为，想象
n．想象的事物；想象力；幻想
品味经典
①Young people fancy sports.年轻人喜欢运动。
②What do you fancy for lunch
你午饭想要吃什么？
③I don’t fancy staying at home tonight.
我今晚不想待在家里。
④I can’t fancy him as an English teacher.
我无法想象他当英语老师会是什么样子。
⑤I fancy (that) I have met her somewhere.
我觉得好像在什么地方见过她。
⑥Was it only his fancy，or was there someone watching him
这只是他的想象还是真有人监视他呢？
⑦I had a fancy that he would do something unusual.
我总觉得他会做出不寻常的事来。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
(1)You can hardly fancy________such a thing.
A．his doing B．he doing
C．his to do D．he to do
解析：选A。句意为：你很难想象他干了这么一件事情。fancy(one’s) doing sth.表示想象(某人)做某事，故本题应选A项。
(2)The old William has________chess and he has a good reputation among the amateurs.
A．a fancy for B．a fancy of
C．fancy for D．fancy of
解析：选A。have a fancy for sth./doing sth.表示热衷于某事/做某事，因此A项符合本题句意及语法要求。
(3)Mike was impressed a lot by the________beach in Australia during his trip.
A．fancy B．fantastic
C．fantasy D．fancied
解析：选B。fantastic表示“极好的，很棒的”；fancy表示“想像出来的；复杂花哨的”；fantasy是名词，其意为“幻想”。
2hang on
vt.& vi.紧紧握住；抓住不放
vi.等待；不挂断(电话)
品味经典
①Hang on (to the branch) till I bring the ladder.
紧紧抓住(树枝)，等我去拿梯子来。
②I think we should hang on and see the result of the game.
我想我们应该耐心等待，看看比赛的结果。
③Hang on！Mr.Smith is coming.
别挂断！史密斯先生就要来了。
④You hang around here in case he comes，and I’ll go on ahead.
你在这附近稍作逗留以防他来了,我继续往前走。
⑤It’s not difficult to keep balance on a bike once you get the hang of it.
一旦你掌握了要领，在自行车上保持平衡就不难了。
⑥Let’s review once more before we hang up.
挂电话前，让我们再来回顾一下。
自我探究
hold on (＝hang on)别挂断，稍等
hang up (＝ring off)挂断电话
hang about/around 逗留，闲荡
get the hang of sth. 掌握……的要领
牛刀小试
(1)—Hello，I’d like to speak to Mr.Parker.
—________，please！He’ll be here in a moment.
A．Hang on B．Help yourself
C．Get through D．Hang off
解析：选A。句意为：——你好！我想与帕克先生通话。——请别挂断电话，帕克先生马上到。hang on别挂断电话。
(2)After I________，I remembered what I’d wanted to say.
A．hung on B．hung about
C．hung around D．hung up
解析：选D。hang up挂断电话；hang about/around闲荡，逗留；hang on别挂断电话。
3 What are you up to this weekend
这个周末你打算做什么？
What’s...up to？这个句子常用在口语中询问对方在做什么。
品味经典
①You look worried，what have you been up to
您看上去很担心的样子，怎么了？
②My brother locked himself in his room for a whole morning.What is he up to
我弟弟整个上午把自己关在房间里，他要干什么？
③All of us are up to good deeds.
我们所有的人都在做有益的事情。
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.
去看看这些顽皮的孩子在做什么。
自我探究
(1)up to胜任；直到……；比得上
⑤He is not up to his work.
他不能胜任他的工作。
⑥Up to yesterday，I thought he was single.
直到昨天，我一直以为他是独身。
(2)up to now直到现在
⑦I’ve lived at home up to now.
到现在为止，我一直住在家里。
(3)up to sb.应由某人……，视为某人的职责
⑧An Indian or Chinese meal？It’s up to you.
吃印度菜还是中国菜？你来决定吧。
牛刀小试
(1)—How can we pass the time？There is half an hour before the concert begins.
—________！I will like whatever you want to do.
A．All right B．Up to you
C．It all depends D．Take your time
解析：选B。考查交际用语。末句暗示了答案。Up to you“由你决定”；All right“行了，好吧”；It all depends“视情况而定”；Take your time“别着急，慢慢来”。
(2)It is________you to decide what to do next.
A．up for B．up to
C．up of D．up
解析：选B。句意：由你来决定下一步做什么。It is up to sb.to do sth.表示“由某人决定干什么”，符合题意，故选B。
(3)The other day，as I was walking________town，I saw a strange sight.
A．into B．up to
C．for D．with
解析：选B。句意：前几天在我进城的路上，我看到了一个奇怪的景象。walk up to笔直朝着……走去，故选B。
(4)Up to now nothing________Betty.I want to know the reason________she hasn’t written to me.
A．has heard from；that
B．was heard from；that
C．has been heard from；why
D．heard from；why
解析：选C。句意：直到现在我没有收到贝蒂的信。我想知道她没有给我写信的原因。hear from用被动语态，up to now用现在完成时，故选C。
4 It depends on the weather.
那要看天气情况而定。
depend on (1)靠……决定
(2)依靠，依赖
(3)信赖
品味经典
①Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.
比赛是否进行要看天气情况而定。
②Good health depends on good food，fresh air and enough sleep.
好身体依靠好的食物、清新的空气和足够的睡眠。
③I knew he wasn’t to be depended on.
我知道不能信赖他。
自我探究
depend on it that...指望……
depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
It/That (all) depends.要看情况而定。
④Mike is always late for meetings and you can’t depend on him to come on time.
迈克开会总是迟到，你不能指望他会按时到。
⑤You can never depend on it that he gets up before six.
你永远别指望他六点之前能起床。
⑥I may help you，but it all depends.
我也许会帮助你，但要视情况而定。
牛刀小试
(1)—Could I use your computer for a few moments,
please
—________.I’m not using it myself.
A．Come on B．It depends
C．Go ahead D．That’s great
解析：选C。句意为：——我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——用吧。我现在不用。come on加油；it depends看情况；go ahead用吧，请吧；that’s great太好了。
(2)完成句子
①你最好不要指望艾丽丝将会参加你的生日聚会。她太忙了。
You’d better not____________Alice will attend your birthday party.She is too busy.
答案：depend on it that
②救援人员依靠先进设备来探测被围困在地下的生命。
The rescuers________advanced equipment________
detect lives trapped under the ground.
答案：depended on；to
5 Tom，can you suggest any good books for my project
汤姆，你能为我的论文推荐一些好的参考书吗？
suggest vt.提议，建议；暗示，表明
品味经典
①I suggest a visit to the museum.
我建议去参观博物馆。
②Mary suggested John doing the experiment in another way.
玛丽建议约翰用另一种方式做这个实验。
③What did you suggest to the teacher
你向老师提了什么建议？
④Mr.Li gave me a suggestion that I should pay more attention to my handwriting.
李老师建议我多注意一下书写。
⑤The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
那位牙医建议她改天再来。
⑥The expression on her face suggested that she was very angry.
她脸上的表情表明她非常生气。
归纳拓展
自我探究
suggest的用法全透视：
(1)suggest作“建议”讲时，其后从句要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should常可省略。作“暗示，表明”讲时，从句用陈述语气。
(2)suggestion的同位语从句和表语从句通常用虚拟语气，即：(should)＋动词原形。
牛刀小试
(1)The parents suggested________in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A．sleep B．to sleep
C．sleeping D．having slept
解析：选C。句意为：父母建议在宾馆中睡觉但是他们的孩子们却渴望旅途中在外面宿营。suggest doing表示“建议做某事”。
(2)—How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays
—I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want
C．suppose D．suggest
解析：选D。insist表示“坚持认为；坚决主张”；suppose表示“假设，假想”；want表示“想要”; suggest表示“建议”。
(3)(2011年郑州高一检测)The pale face of my friend suggested that he________in poor health，and I suggested that he________to see a doctor.
A．is；went B．was；goes
C．should be；go D．was；go
解析：选D。句意为：我朋友苍白的脸表明他健康状况不好，我建议他去看医生。当suggest意为“表明，暗示”时后面宾语从句不用虚拟语气；当意为“建议”时，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气，即should＋do的形式，且should可以省略。
6 Cathy，do you mean we’ll use the computer to travel around the world，entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites
凯茜，你的意思是说我们将利用电脑周游世界，在几秒钟内进出各国，并参观所有的历史古迹吗？
entering and exiting...and visiting...sites是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句型巧析
品味经典
①The boy sat in front of the farmhouse cutting the branch.
那个男孩儿坐在农舍前削树枝。
②I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
自我探究
现在分词作状语的用法：
(1)现在分词短语作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，同时必须和句子主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。
(2)现在分词短语除了可作伴随状语，还可作方式、条件、让步、结果、时间等状语。
③The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(结果)
杯子掉在地上，摔成了碎片。
④Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)
虽然已经被告诉许多次了，他仍然重复同样的错误。
⑤The singer sang on the stage，playing the guitar.
(伴随)
那位歌手在舞台上一边唱歌，一边弹着吉他。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考北京卷)________at my classmates’ faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A．Looking B．Look
C．To look D．Looked
解析：选A。句意：看着同学们的脸，我在他们眼中看到了同样的兴奋。Looking...为现在分词短语作伴随状语，与主句主语I为主动关系。
(2)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，________all four people on board.
A．killed B．killing
C．kills D．to kill
解析：选B。句意为：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。本题用kill的现在分词形式killing作结果状语。
7 We would not only be able to travel around the world，but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to.
我们将不仅能够环游世界，而且能去任何我们想去的世界闻名的大学学习。
品味经典
①She was not only extremely intelligent but also very practical.
她不仅绝顶聪明而且非常务实。
②Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.
不仅你，她也必须参加典礼。
③Not only did he teach at school，but he also wrote novels.
他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。
④Neither the chairman nor other club members work on Sundays.
主席不在星期天工作，俱乐部的其他成员也不在星期天工作。
⑤Not the students but the teacher hopes to go there.
不是学生而是老师想去那儿。
自我探究
not only...but also...表示“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个并列的成分。not only...but also...位于句首时，not only引导的分句要进行部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。一些并列连词连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据与其邻近的主语来确定，即“就近原则”。除了not only...but also ...外，还有either...or...或者……或者……，neither... nor...既不……也不……，not...but...不是……而是……。
牛刀小试
(1)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers’ energy
B．was teachers’ energy saved
C．teachers’ energy was saved
D．was saved teachers’ energy
解析：选B。本题考查not only...but also。not only ...but also连接并列分句时，not only后的分句用部分倒装语序，but also后的分句不用倒装，故选B。
(2)Not only________some money to help the Western China to build some schools，but also________send some teachers there.
A．can we offer；we can
B．can we offer；can we
C．we can offer；we can
D．we can offer；can we
解析：选A。句意：我们不仅可以主动提供一些资金帮助中国西部建一些学校，而且还能派一些教师去那里。not only...but also...连接两个并列句时，not only这部分从句要采用部分倒装语序，故选A。
Tom：Hi，Cathy.What are you up to this weekend
Cathy：Don’t ask，Tom.I have lots of work to do.If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson，the science teacher will be angry.What about you？Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday
译文助读
Tom：It depends on the weather.If it’s good，Dad，Mum and I will probably go camping.But we won’t go if it rains.Hey，if I stay home，I’ll help you with your project if you like.
Cathy：Thanks for the offer.Tom，can you suggest any good books for my project？If you tell me some titles，I’ll look for them in the library.
Tom：Use the library computer.If you go to the Science Museum website，you’ll find lots of good information.I’ll send you the website address when I get home.
Cathy：Thanks.Just think，if we had virtual reality holidays，we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.What’s more，we wouldn’t have to spend a long time travelling on planes to get to our holiday destinations.
Tom：What do you mean
Cathy：Well，in the future，we’ll be able to use modern technology to go anywhere we like.We won’t have to go there in the flesh at all! Wouldn’t that be great？I feel excited just thinking about it.
Tom：I don’t understand.Cathy，do you mean we’ll use the computer to travel around the world, entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites
Cathy：That’s right! Just imagine never having to pack a suitcase！We would not only be able to travel around the world，but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to.
Tom：That could be really exciting！But I still find it hard to imagine.You would see it but you couldn’t dip your toes in the sea or eat the foods you saw.You would not experience it.
Cathy：Well，if they invented virtual reality holidays，I’d go on an around the world tour.Tom, what would you like to do if someone gave you the chance
Tom：I don’t really know.Personally，I’m more interested in virtual universities than virtual reality holidays.I’d like to go to a world famous university, like Stanford.But I guess，a virtual university just wouldn’t be the same，would it
Cathy：True，but just think－you would be able to study in such a world famous university without going out of your room!
汤姆：嗨，凯茜。这个周末你准备做什么？
凯茜：别问了，汤姆。我有很多工作要做。如果我完不成下周一的关于因特网发展史的项目的话，科学老师会生气的。你呢？周六、周日有什么安排吗？
汤姆：那要看天气情况而定。如果天气好，爸爸、妈妈和我很可能去野营。但是如果下雨，我们就不去了。嗨，如果我待在家里，我会帮你完成论文，如果你愿意的话。
凯茜：谢谢你的好意。汤姆，你能为我的项目提议一些好的参考书吗？如果你告诉我一些书名，我会到图书馆里去找。
汤姆：利用图书馆电脑。如果你访问“科学博物馆”网址，你就会找到大量有用的信息。回家后我就把这个网址传给你。
凯茜：谢谢。想一想，如果我们有虚拟现实假期，就不会担心天气问题。而且，我们也不必花长时间乘坐飞机去往假日目的地。
汤姆：你是什么意思？
凯茜：嗯，在未来，我们将能够利用现代科技去任何我们想去的地方。我们也根本不必自己亲自去！那不是很好吗？一想到这我就感到兴奋。
汤姆：我不明白。凯茜，你的意思是说我们将利用电脑周游世界，在几秒钟内进出各国，并参观所有的历史古迹吗？
凯茜：对。仅仅想象一下从此不必再打包行李箱！我们将不但能够游遍世界，而且可以去任何我们想去的世界著名的大学学习。
汤姆：那将的确令人兴奋不已！但是我发现这个仍然令人难以想象。你可以看到它但是你无法涉足海上或吃上你看到的食物。你不会亲身经历它。
凯茜：那么，如果他们发明虚拟现实假期，我就去进行环球旅行。汤姆，如果有人给你这样一个机会,你想做什么？
汤姆：我真的不知道。就个人而言，我对虚拟大学比对虚拟现实假期更感兴趣。我想上一个世界著名的大学，如斯坦福大学。但是我想，虚拟的大学与真正的大学是不一样的，是不是？
凯茜：对，但是就想一下——你无需出门便可以在这样一所著名的大学里学习！
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