(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
写作专题突破
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．Jack is no longer the lazy boy what he used to be.
2．The reform has changed the whole nation.So it cannot remain what it used to be.
3．When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care of me.
4．—I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over the keyboard.
—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
词汇精研
自我探究
例1和例2中的used to是用来描述过去常常发生的动作；例3中would也有此意思。例4中的the和a为冠词，属于限定词；限定词还包括物主限定词、不定限定词、名词所有格、指示限定词、关系限定词、疑问限定词和量词。
讲解归纳
used to/would和限定词
一、used to/would
1．used to是用来描述过去习惯性的或经常性的动作，但暗含着现在不再继续了。否定式可以由used not to或didn’t use to构成，never也可以用于构成否定式。
(1)When I was young，I used to cycle to work，but I don’t now.
我年轻的时候，常常骑自行车上班，但是现在不了。
2．used to可以与状态动词连用，表示“曾经一度怎样”。
(1)I used to like the fair.
我曾经喜欢(去)游乐场。
(2)My friends used to like him.
我的朋友们曾经都喜欢他。
(3)We used to live near a big park.
我们曾经住在一个大公园附近。
3．would加上动词原形可以用来描述过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作。这个动作可能还继续，也可能已经停止。否定式由would＋not构成，常和ever连用。would在表示过去的习惯时不可与状态动词连用。
(1)When I was young，I would cycle to work，but I don’t now.
我年轻的时候，常常骑车上班，但是现在不了。
(2)Then we would go up to my bedroom and listen to pop records.
然后我们总是会上楼到我的卧室里听流行唱片。
(3)My brother wouldn’t ever come to the fair with us.
我哥哥过去从未与我们一起去过游乐场。
二、限定词(Determiner)
限定词(Determiner)是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指，类指，以及表示确定数量等限定作用的词类。
1．英语中的限定词包括：
冠词 a，an，the
物主限定词 my，your，his，her，our，your，their，one’s，its
名词所有格 John’s，my friend’s
冠词 a，an，the
指示限定词 this，that，these，those，such
关系限定词 whose，which
疑问限定词 what，which，whose
不定限定词 no，some，any，each，every，enough，either，neither，all，both，half，several，many，much，(a) few，(a) little，other，another
量词 a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a great deal of，a good deal of，a large amount of，a small amount of，a quantity of，a great number of，a good number of
2.限定词与名词词组中心词之间有着某种固定的搭配关系，主要有：
类别 示例
能与三类名词搭配的限定词 the，some，any，no，other，whose以及my，your等物主限定词和名词所有格(如John’s，my friend’s)等 the book，my book，the books，my books，the
money，my money
只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 a(n)，one，another，each，every，either，neither，many a，such a等 each worker，either
book，an apple，another book，such a book
类别 示例
只能与复数名词搭配的限定词 both，two，three，...another two，many，(a) few，several，these，those，a (great) number of等 both workers，several students，a number ofessays，many students
只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词 a (little) bit of，a great amount of，a great deal of，(a) little，much等 a bit of water，a great amount of labour，a great deal of work，much noise
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．他习惯了的乡村生活从1992年以来有了很大的变化。
The country life he ______________has changed greatly since 1992.
答案：was used to
语法专练
2．我和玛丽有时也见面，但不如以前那么经常了。
Mary and I see each other once in a while，but not ____________.
答案：as often as we used to
3．过去常超重的汤姆现在已经习惯了健康的饮食。
Tom who ______overweight is ____________healthy food now.
答案：used to be；used to eating
4．他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。
He ______________be the first to offer to help.
答案：would always
5．一些人喜欢古典音乐，然而有些人喜欢摇滚乐。
Some people prefer classical music，while ________prefer rock music.
答案：others
6．我每隔一天有课——星期一，星期三和星期五。
I have classes ________day—Mondays，Wednesdays and Fridays.
答案：every other
7．每个孩子都能找到自己的成功之路。
________child will find his/her own personal road to success.
答案：Each
8．上一学期我们进行的野餐非常有趣，因此这个月我们再组织一次。
We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ________one this month.
答案：another
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．I have given up smoking.I used to smoke very heavily.
____________________________________________
答案：我戒烟了。我以前抽烟抽得很凶。
2．It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
____________________________________________
答案：他的工作是修理自行车，那时他每天工作十四个小时。
3．我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
________________________________________
答案：I used to/would get up early and take an hour’s walk before breakfast.
4．当我年轻的时候我经常收集邮票。
________________________________________
答案：I used to collect stamps when I was young.
5．他们过去是邻居。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：They used to be neighbors.
Ⅲ.用限定词完成短文
I have just moved to 1.________ house in Bridge Street.Yesterday 2.________ beggar knocked at 3.________ door.He asked me for 4.________ meal and a glass of beer.In return for this，5.________ beggar stood on 6.________ head and sang songs.I gave him 7.________ meal.He ate 8.________ food and drank 9.________ beer.Then he put a piece of
cheese in 10.________ pocket and went away.Later 11.________neighbour told me about him.Everybody knows him.12.________name is Percy Buttons.He called at 13.________ house in 14.________ street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
答案：1.a 2.a 3.my 4.a 5.the 6.his 7.a 8.the 9.the 10.his 11.a 12.his 13.every 14.the
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．—I weigh less than I ________.
—Congratulations!
A．got used to B．used to be
C．used to D．was used to
解析：选C。used to表示“过去常常”，此处省略动词，完整形式应为used to weigh。
2．I ate ________sandwich while I was waiting for ________20∶08 train.
A．the；a B．the；the
C．a；the D．a；a
解析：选C。sandwich是可数名词，且在句中首次出现，表示泛指，所以用不定冠词；“二十点零八分的火车”是特指，须加定冠词the。
3．He ________a postman a long time ago.He is a taxi driver now.
A．would be B．used to
C．used to be D．was used to be
解析：选C。表示过去的状态，用used to be。
4．There ________a lot of local mines in the south，but many of them have been closed or are to be closed.
A．use to B．used to be
C．used to have D．would
解析：选B。表示过去的状态时，只能用used to do；某处有某物用there be结构。
5．In many places in China，________bicycle is still ________popular means of transportation.
A．a；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
解析：选C。“the＋名词”表示一类；a means of意为“一种……的方式”，表泛指。
6．There used to be a temple here，________？
A．used it B．usedn’t it
C．usedn’t there D．don’t there
解析：选C。used to的否定式可以是：usedn’t to/used not to/didn’t use to，there used to be的反意疑问句式是usedn’t there，不能用it代替there。
7．He doesn’t have ________furniture in his room—just an old desk.
A．any B．many
C．some D．much
解析：选D。furniture为不可数名词，且由just an old desk得知强调家具不多，故选D项。
8．He ________in the mountain village for 20 years.
A．would live B．used to live
C．had lived D．lived
解析：选D。句意为：他在那个山村里生活了二十年。这里有表示一段时间的状语，因此不能用would和used to；另外句中没有表示“过去的过去”的意思，因此也不能用过去完成时。
9．There _______be a bookshelf in this room，but there isn’t now.
A．could B．used to
C．would D．might
解析：选B。used to指过去的状态或情况，而would指过去习惯性的动作，反复发生而不指状态。
10．He ________bring me some books to read every time he came back from abroad.
A．used to B．would
C．should D．can
解析：选B。句意为：每次他从国外回来都会给我带些书看。would可以表示过去习惯性动作，反复发生，而used to指过去的状态或情况。
【写作要求】
阅读以下短文：
In 1903，American seaman Henry Adams is penniless in England and gets caught up in an unusual bet between two wealthy，eccentric (行为古怪的) brothers，Oliver and Roderick Montpelier.They get a bank to issue a
写作专题突破
one million pound note，which they present to Adams in an envelope，only telling him that it contains some money.Oliver believes that the mere existence of the note will enable the possessor to get whatever he needs，while Roderick believes that it would actually have to be spent for it to be of any use.
At first，everything goes as Oliver had predicted.Adams is mistaken for an eccentric millionaire and has no trouble getting food,clothes，and a hotel suite on credit，just by showing his note.The story of the note is reported in the newspapers.Adams is welcomed into exclusive social circles，meeting the American ambassador and English aristocracy (贵族)．He becomes very friendly with Portia Lansdowne，the niece of the Duchess of Cromarty.
Trouble arises when the Duke of Frognal，who had been driven out of the suite Adams now occupies，hides the note as a joke.When Adams is unable to produce the note，panic breaks out amongst the shareholders and Adams’ creditors.Fortunately，all is straightened out in the end，and Adams is able to return the note to the Montpelier brothers at the end of the month.
在读完以上马克·吐温的小说《百万英镑》的摘选后，请以“After reading One Million pound Note”为题目写一篇关于这个故事的读后感。要点如下：
1．文章反映了在资本主义国家里有钱就有了一切的现实。
2．在社会主义国家里，爱心(loving care)胜过金钱。
3．钱是必要的，但并不是一切。
After reading One Million pound Note
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．资本主义国家________________
2．社会主义国家________________
3．有钱就有了一切________________
4．钱是必要的________________
5．将A与B相比________________
6．珍惜我们的幸福生活________________
答案：1.capitalist countries 2.socialist countries 3.money means everything 4.money is necessary 5.compare A with B 6.treasure our happy life
【句式结构】
1．是爱心使穷孩子有机会继续上学。
______________because of the loving care ________the poor children are able to have the chance to go on with their schooling.
答案：It is；that
2．与故事中所发生的事相比，我深深地觉得我们能生活在社会主义国家是幸运的。
________our life with what happened in the story，I deeply feel it lucky for us to live in a socialist country.
答案：Comparing
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
After reading One Million pound Note
The story One Million pound Note tells us the truth：in capitalist countries，money means everything.That is to say，money is everything；without money，you have nothing.
In our socialist country，money is also necessary but it doesn’t mean everything.There is something even more important.That is the loving care.It is because of the loving care that the poor children are able to have the chance to go on with their schooling.It is because of the loving care that orphans are able to be taken good care of.Therefore，I do not think money means everything in our country.
Comparing our life with what happened in the story，I deeply feel it lucky for us to live in a socialist country.We should treasure our happy life.
【名师点津】
本文是一篇读后感，读后感应该有感而发，写自己的真实的感想。文章把资本主义和社会主义社会的金钱观进行对比，体现了社会主义社会的和谐性。为了表达自己的观点作者用了强调句型：It is because of...that...，利用对比：Comparing our life with...表达自己的感受。文章语言通俗易懂，高度概括，用词准确。
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共88张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Communication Workshop，Language Awareness 3 & Culture Corner
预习多维感知
速效提能演练
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Read Language Awareness 3 and Culture Corner carefully，then answer the following questions.
1．What happened to the hat’s owner
__________________________________________
答案：He used to be quite rich but something must have happened to him，probably problems with drink.His wife no longer loves him.He is middle aged with grey hair—which he has had cut recently.He doesn’t do much exercise and he hasn’t got gas in his house.
2．Who was Peterson
___________________________________________
答案：Peterson was the door attendant，who found the hat.
3．What was Romanticism in poetry
___________________________________________
答案：Romanticism was a literary and artistic movement of the late 18th and mid 19th centuries.Romantic emotions were expressed in poems，stories，art and music.
4．Who was William Wordsworth
__________________________________________
答案：William Wordsworth (1770～1850) was a famous Romantic poet in England.In fact，his name is synonymous with the English Romantic movement.
5．Who was Li Bai
__________________________________________
答案：Li Bai (701～762) was one of China’s greatest poets，who lived during the Tang Dynasty.
1It is based on the version of the fairy tale by Madame Le Prince de Beaumont.
它是以布芒夫人的格林童话的译本为基础改编的。
品味经典
①This novel is based on historical facts.
这部小说是以历史事实为依据的。
词汇精研
重点难点探究
自我探究
be based on/upon意为“以……为基础，基于……”。
归纳拓展
base sth.on/up把……建立在……基础上
on the base of以……为基础
the base of/for……的基础
②I base my hopes on the news we had yesterday.
我的希望是以我们昨天所得到的消息为根据的。
③She used her family’s history as a base for her novel.
她以她的家族史作为小说的素材。
牛刀小试
With our knowledge ________practice，we can make contributions to our society.
A．to base on B．basing on
C．based on D．base on
解析：选C。base...on...把……建立在……基础上。base为及物动词，这里指base our knowledge on practice，base与knowledge之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。
2Her sisters，Felicie and Adelaide，are nasty and treat Beauty as a servant.
她的姐妹们，费里茜和阿德莱德，行为不佳，把贝蒂当作仆人。
品味经典
①To treat others well means to treat yourself well.
善待别人意味着善待自己。
②Don’t treat this as a serious matter.
不要把这件事情看得太严重。
③Children are taught to treat their parents and teachers with respect.
(人们)教育孩子们要尊敬师长。
自我探究
treat...as...表示“把……当作……对待”；treat...with respect表示“尊敬……”。
牛刀小试
补全对话
—__(1)__，Tim
—Mum.__(2)__．
—__(3)__？
—She said I was a little smart monkey.
—Perhaps she didn’t mean to.__(4)__．
A．Really
B．What’s the matter
C．Just treat it as a joke
D．Rose hurt me
答案：(1)B (2)D (3)A (4)C
3In one vivid scene，Beauty looks in the mirror and her face is transformed into the Beast’s.
有一个精彩的场面，美女照镜子发现她的漂亮脸蛋变成了野兽的模样。
品味经典
①The sunrise is a beautiful scene.
日出是一幅美景。
②Hamlet，Act 5 Scene 2
《哈姆雷特》第五幕第二场
③Some of the more violent scenes are very disturbing.
一些暴力较多的场面令人很不安。
④Harriet’s house was a scene of utter confusion.
哈丽雅特家里一片混乱。
自我探究
scene是名词，意为“景色；场景，场面；情景，景象”。
scene，scenery，view，sight
(1)scene普通名词，指“一眼可以浏览的风景”，也指场景、场面，通常包含人的活动在内。
(2)scenery集合名词，指该地区的“整个风景”，是由多个scene构成的景色。
(3)view常指在远处或高处以人的角度，看到scenery的一部分。
(4)sight风景，名胜，用复数形式，指人文景观。
易混辨析
牛刀小试
Seeing the happy ________of children playing in the park，I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.
A．sight B．scene
C．view D．sign
解析：选B。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的幸福场面，我满怀喜悦并对祖国的未来充满信心。sight视力，视野；scene场面，情景，景色；view观点，(从某一角度看到的)风景；sign记号，符号，征兆。
4Although it is in black and white，the striking use of light makes it seem at times like a moving painting.
尽管影片是黑白的，但对灯光异乎寻常的使用使得它有时似乎是一幅移动的图画。
品味经典
①I was struck by her youth and enthusiasm.
她年轻、热情，把我迷住了。
②She struck him in the face.
她掴了他一耳光。
③The clock has just struck twelve.
时钟刚刚敲过12点。
④The girl struck a match to light a cigarette.
那个女孩儿划火柴点燃一根烟。
⑤It struck me that there was no one at home.
我突然想起家中没有人。
⑥The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera.
那个地区暴发了霍乱。
⑦Half the workforce are now on strike.
现在有半数职工罢工。
⑧His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2∶0.
他在下半场的令人叹为观止的一脚把比分改写成2∶0。
自我探究
strike作为及物动词，意为“打动，打，击；(钟)敲响(报时)；划(火柴)；突然想到”。作为不及物动词，意为“(灾难、疾病)侵袭，爆(暴)发”。作为名词，意为“罢工；袭击；打，击，踢”。
strike，hit，beat，knock
(1)strike强调用木棒、石头等突然地、一次性地“打、击”，与hit用法接近。
(2)hit表示“有目标地打”，着重击打某一点。
(3)beat侧重“连续的敲击”，有“殴打，击败”之意。另外，beat还可表示心脏或脉搏等的“跳动”。
(4)knock强调“用力撞击”，常与at/on连用。
易混辨析
牛刀小试
A terrible thought suddenly ________me—had anyone broken into the house
A．struck B．occurred
C．knocked D．attacked
解析：选A。句意：一个可怕的念头突然袭来——有人闯入房子了吗？strike突然想到，符合句意。occur to sb.意为“某人突然想到”；knock和attack都不符合题意。
5“Beauty and the Beast”conveys a message that should be evident to all of us—you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover.
《美女与野兽》向我们传达的信息是很明显的，也就是，不应该以貌取人。
品味经典
①It’s evident that someone has broken into the room.
显然有人闯入过这个房间。
②It was evident that the policy was a failure.
显然这项政策是失败的。
③It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake.
你们一定很清楚他犯了一个错误。
自主探究
evident是形容词，意为“明显的，明白的，清楚的”。
归纳拓展
evidence n.证据，根据；迹象，痕迹
④He couldn’t show me any evidence for this statement.
对于这种说法，他无法给我出示任何证据。
⑤The room bore evidence of a struggle.
这个房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。
牛刀小试
It became ________that his football career would soon be over.
A．plainly B．obviously
C．actually D．evident
解析：选D。句意：很明显，他的足球生涯将很快结束。“It is/become evident that...”意为“很显然……”。plainly，obviously，actually均为副词，故排除。
6I recommend it for the whole family.
我把它推荐给全家人看。
品味经典
①Can you recommend me some new books on this subject
你能给我推荐一些关于这个科目的新书吗？
②The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
报告提议工资增加10%。
自我探究
recommend是及物动词，意为“推荐，介绍；劝告，建议。”
归纳拓展
recommend...to sb.向某人推荐……
recommend sb.as...推荐某人为……
recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
recommend＋that从句，建议……(从句用虚拟语气，其中谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略
牛刀小试
I like getting up very early in summers.The morning air is so good ________.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
解析：选B。句意：在夏天我喜欢早起。能呼吸到早上的新鲜空气真好。to breathe 在句中作状语,和主语 the morning air 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。在形容词 easy，good，difficult，comfortable，heavy 等词后常用不定式作状语，主动表被动。
③The teacher recommended some good books to the students.
这位老师向学生推荐了一些好书。
④I recommend you to buy this dictionary.
我建议你买这本词典。
⑤He recommended that we (should) read the novel.
他建议我们读一读那部小说。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)你能给我介绍一位园丁吗？
Can you ______________________________
＝Can you ______________________________
答案：recommend me a gardener；recommend a gardener to me
(2)我被推荐获得这一岗位。
I ______________________the post.
答案：was recommended for
(3)我们建议她找个律师。
We recommended her ______________a lawyer.
答案：to see
(4)我建议乘飞机去那里。
I ________________there by plane.
答案：recommended going
(5)医生建议我多运动。
The doctor ________that I ____________more excercise.
答案：recommended；should take
7Who is in charge of getting a catalogue of films
谁负责收集电影目录？
品味经典
①The dry cleaners charges D|S1.25 a shirt.
干洗店洗一件衬衣收费1.25美元。
②Her husband was charged with her murder.
她丈夫被指控谋杀了她。
③Hundreds have charged that police used excessive force during the demonstration.
有数百人指责警察在游行期间使用过多的武力。
④Did you charge the camcorder’s batteries
你给摄像机充电了？
⑤There is a D|S5 charge for each visit to the doctor.
每次门诊的费用是5美元。
⑥Ann Watterson is in charge of the business section of the paper.
安·沃特森负责这份报纸的商业版。
自我探究
charge作为动词，表示“要价，收费；控告；指责，责备；充电”。作为名词,表示“费用，价钱；负责，掌管；控告；责备”。
归纳拓展
in charge of掌管，负责
in the charge of由……负责
take charge of控制/掌管某物
have charge of负责……；主管……
⑦Who will be in charge of the department when Jack leaves
杰克离开后谁将负责这个部门？
⑧The ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr.White.
这个病房由怀特医生负责照顾。
⑨Mr.Green will take charge of the department when Jack leaves.
杰克离开后格林先生将负责这个部门。
【温馨提示】 当charge用作动词，作“收费”讲时，它的宾语不是被卖的商品，而是sb.，构成charge sb.for sth.的搭配。
⑩The shopkeeper charged him ￥285 for this pair of shoes.
店主为这双鞋向他开价285元。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)校长负责这个办公室。
The headmaster is ________________this office.
＝The headmaster ________________this office.
答案：in charge of；take charge of
(2)他总是向我索取过高的货价。
He always ____________me too much __________his goods.
答案：charges；for
8When I called on Sherlock Holmes on the second morning after Christmas，he was lying on the sofa next to some newspapers.
当我在圣诞节后的第二天早晨拜访夏洛克·福尔摩斯时，他躺在沙发上，旁边有一些报纸。
品味经典
①The little boy lied on the bullock cart sleeping.
这个小男孩躺在牛车上睡着了。
②I could tell from her face that she was lying.
我可以从她的表情看出她在说谎。
③Figures can lie when statistics are misused.
统计资料用得不当，数字也会给人以假象。
④He lied me into lending him my car.
他骗我把汽车借给他。
⑤She succeeded in lying herself out of trouble.
她成功地用谎言使自己摆脱了困境。
⑥There’s no truth in her story.It’s all lies!
她说的没有一句实话。全是谎言！
自我探究
lie用作动词时，意为“躺，位于；不可靠，骗取(某人)信任，骗”。作名词时，意为“谎言，假话”。
归纳拓展
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义
lie lied lied lying 说谎
lie lay lain lying 躺，位于
lay laid laid laying 放置，产卵
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)In the dark forests ________，some large enough to hold several English towns.
A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes
C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand
解析：选B。表示地点的状语放在句首，句子用完全倒装语序。lie表示“坐落”，stand一般用于表示物体的“站立”。
用lie，lay的适当形式填空
(2)The man ________on the bed ________that he had ________his gold watch beneath the pillow but now it was gone.
【解析】句意：躺在床上的那个人撒谎说他把他的金表放在了枕头下面，但是现在它不见了。
【答案】lying；lied；laid
9“I suppose，”I said，“that there is a story about that hat which will help you solve another mysterious crime.”
“我想，”我说，“关于那顶会帮助你解决另一个神秘的犯罪行为的帽子有一个故事。”
品味经典
①I suppose he has been to England for he knows the London Bridge well.
我猜想他去过英国，因为他对伦敦桥很了解。
②You are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party.
你们在晚会上应该要装扮得像电影中的角色一样。
③Suppose flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could we go
假定那天的航班都订满了——我们还可以在哪天走呢？
④What makes you suppose that I’m against you
你根据什么认为我反对你？
自我探究
suppose是动词，意为“猜想；假设；认为”。be supposed to do sth.表示“被期望/应该做某事”；suppose后也可跟that从句。
牛刀小试
—You should apologize to her，Barry.
—________，but it’s not going to be easy.
A．I suppose so B．I feel so
C．I prefer to D．I like to
解析：选A。句意：——你应该向她道歉，Barry。——我认为是，但那不容易。根据句意答案选A。
10Peterson went to protect the man，but seeing someone in uniform，he dropped the goose and ran away.
彼得森去保护这个男子，但看到穿制服的人，他就扔下鹅逃走了。
品味经典
①She was so astonished that the plate dropped from her hands.
她是如此地惊讶，以至于盘子从她手中掉了下来。
自我探究
drop为动词，其过去式与过去分词为dropped，意为“扔下，掉下，使落下”。
归纳拓展
drop behind落后
drop by顺便拜访
drop off减少
drop out退出比赛或退学
②She dropped behind the rest of the class during her long illness.
在长期生病期间，她的功课落在了班里其他同学的后面。
③I’d like to drop by and see you sometime next week.
我想下个星期某个时候顺便看看你。
④Sales dropped off in the fourth quarter.
销售量在第四个季度减少了。
⑤Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs.
高中辍学的青少年难找工作。
牛刀小试
用drop相关的短语填空
A friend of mine from Africa (1)________________me last week.I hadn’t seen him for two years.He (2)________________college two months ago because his interest in the subjects (3)________________already.He said，“I felt that I was more stupid，for I (4)________________others a lot.”
答案：(1)dropped by (2)dropped out of (3)had dropped off (4)dropped behind
11Romanticism has been a part of human creative expression for centuries all over the world.
几个世纪以来，浪漫主义已经成为全球范围内人类创造性表达的一部分。
品味经典
①They greeted him with many expression of welcome.
他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。
②The scenery in my hometown is beautiful beyond expression.
我家乡的景色美得无法形容。
③The woman sat there looking at them without any expression.
那妇人坐在那里，毫无表情地看着他们。
自我探究
expression是名词，表示“表达，表情，措辞”。beyond expression表示“无法形容”；without expression表示“毫无表情地”。
牛刀小试
The ________on his face told me that he was angry.
A．impression B．sight
C．appearance D．expression
解析：选D。句意：他脸上的表情告诉我他很生气。impression感觉，印象；sight视力，视觉；appearance出现；到达；expression表情。
12“There’s no crime，”said Sherlock Holmes laughing.“Just a strange little incident...”
夏洛克·福尔摩斯笑着说：“没有犯罪，只有一件奇怪的小事情……”
句型巧析
品味经典
①Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.
(表原因)由于曾被蛇咬过，她很害怕蛇。
②Making every effort，you’ll succeed at last.(表条件)
如果尽一切努力，你最终会成功的。
③Turning to the left，you will find the place you want.
(＝If you turn to the left，you...)
左转，你会发现你要找的地方。
自我探究
分词在句子中作状语，可以表示原因、时间、条件、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
【温馨提示】 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词取决于分词与主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
④Seeing the chairman entering the meeting hall(＝When they saw the chairman...)，the representatives stood up.
看到主席走进会议厅，代表们站了起来。
⑤Asked why he did it (＝When he was asked why...)，he said it was his duty.
当问到他为什么做此事时，他说那是他的职责。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考福建卷)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，________supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A．sending B．to send
C．having sent D．to have sent
解析：选A。句意为：地震后，很多救援人员夜以继日地工作，为青海省玉树地区运送供应品。句中用现在分词作伴随状语。
(2)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A．marking B．marked
C．having marked D．being marked
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。“纪念中国人民解放军海军成立60周年”的动作是主动式，与谓语动作同时发生，故用 ing分词的主动式作状语。
13He used to be quite rich but something must have happened to him，probably problems with drink.
他过去相当富有但现在不是了，肯定出了什么问题，可能与酗酒有关。
品味经典
①—Shall I go to see Mr.Li now
我现在去见李先生好吗？
—You’d better not.The light is out.He must have fallen asleep.
最好不要。灯灭了，他一定是睡了。
②He said，“I must finish my homework this evening.”And he must have done so for he is watching TV now.
他说：“我今晚必须完成作业。”他一定已经做完了，因为他正在看电视。
自我探究
must have done结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意思是“一定做了(某事)”；must do指现在和将来一定要做某事。
归纳拓展
(1)can/could have done,can/could have done用于疑问句或否定句中表示对行为可能性的推测。could have done用于肯定的陈述句中表示与过去事实相反的假设，表示“本能够去做却没有做”。 (2)may/might have done,此结构表示对过去情况不肯定的推测，意为“也许做过”，常用于肯定句，不用于疑问句；另外，might have done还可表示委婉的责备，意为“其实(本来)可以……”。
(3)should/ought to have done,两者均含委婉的批评、责备之意。肯定式表示过去应该做某事而未做，意为“本应该做……”；否定式表示做了不该做的事情，意为“本不应该做……”。
(4)needn’t have done,此结构表示一种不必要的过去行为，意为“本来不必做却做了……”，一般用于否定句或疑问句。
(5)would like/love to have done,此结构表示“本来想做而实际上未做……”。
③He can’t have worked at the office last night ，for he had to go to a party at 6∶00 p．m..
昨晚他不可能在办公室工作，因为(昨天)晚上六点他得参加一个聚会。
④They may have arrived by now.
到现在他们也许已经到了。
⑤You might have given him more help，though you were busy.
尽管你很忙，其实你本可以多帮助他一下。
⑥I told Sally how to get there，but perhaps I should have written it out for her.
我告诉Sally怎么去那儿了，但或许我应该为她写出来。
⑦Tom ought not to have told me your secret，but he meant no harm.
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我，但是他并无恶意。
⑧There was plenty of time，she needn’t have hurried.
时间很充足，她本不必着急的。
⑨You needn’t have told her the news for I have told her earlier.
你本不必告诉她这个消息，因为我早已经告诉她了。
⑩I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
昨晚我本想参加那个聚会的，但我不得不加班去完成一个报告。
牛刀小试
(1)She ________have left school，for her bike is still here.
A．can’t B．wouldn’t
C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
解析：选A。句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车还在这儿。can’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了某事”。
(2)We ________have proved great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A．needn’t B．may not
C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t
解析：选B。句意：我们或许不能证实我们是伟大的探险家，但我们却进行了十年来最伟大的长征。needn’t没必要；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t被禁止，均不合题意。may not可能不。故答案是B。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共112张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
预习多维感知
速效提能演练
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
Step One：Fast Reading
Read the text and choose the best answer.
A．away he flew
B．scratching his nose
C．to all a good night
D．gave a loud whistle
E．up the chimney he rose
After looking around
预习多维感知
And __1__，He gave a nod
And __2__.He jumped into his sleigh
And __3__，And __4__.
Like the seeds of a thistle.But I heard him shout，
Before he drove out of sight，“Merry Christmas to all，And __5__.”
答案：1～5 BEDAC
Step Two：Careful Reading
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
tone chief words/phrases
poem A 1.________/sentimental head 2.________；3.________ 4.________；drowned
poem B 5.________/lively danced in their 6.________；his oval 7.________shined；face looked so 8.________；cheeks were like 9.________；nose likes a 10.________；Merry Christmas...
答案：1.sad 2.bent 3.hoarfrost 4.homesickness 5.happy 6.heads 7.eyes 8.merry 9.roses 10.cherry
1I like folk music.It’s accessible and lively.
我喜欢民族音乐。它是易于理解和有生气的。
品味经典
①This library is accessible to the public.
公众可以使用这个图书馆。
②These facts are accessible to all.
这些事实人人都可以得到。
③His speeches are accessible to me.
他的演讲对我来说很容易理解。
词汇精研
重点难点探究
自我探究
accessible是形容词，意为“容易理解的；可接近的；可使用的”。
归纳拓展
access n.入口；接近；进入；利用/接近……
have easy/good access to离……很近
gain access to/into进入；接近……
have access to...有(进入、使用、观看等)的权利
be accessible to sb.是某人容易得到的；亲近的
④Premier Wen is accessible；everyone has access to him.
温总理平易近人，每个人都可以接近他。
⑤An open minded person is accessible to reasons.
思想开朗的人易于服理。
牛刀小试
—Is the White House ________to ordinary visitors
—Of course.
A．accessible B．available
C．reasonable D．adjustable
解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。问句句意：普通参观者可以接近白宫吗？accessible意为“可接近的”；available意为“可利用的，有效的，有空的”；reasonable意为“合理的，有道理的，通情达理的，讲道理的”；adjustable意为“可调整的”。根据句意答案为A。
2deliver
品味经典
①If your order is ready，it will be delivered to you tomorrow.
如果你的定单已下，货物明天就会送达。
②We deliver your order to your door.
我们送货上门。
③Song Zuying’s songs are delivered with energy so many people like to listen to them.
宋祖英的歌曲富有激情，因此，很多人喜欢听她的歌曲。
自我探究
deliver vt.意为“递送，传送；发表(演说，说教等)；拯救；接生。”be delivered with energy表示“充满激情”。
归纳拓展
deliver sth.发送某物
deliver a lecture/speech发表演讲
deliver sb./sth.to...把某人/某物移交给……
special/express delivery快递
④Obama delivered his speech confidently when he came into power.
奥巴马上台执政时自信地发表了演讲。
【助记】
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)这个教授将发表一场关于环境保护的演说。
The professor will _____________on environment protection.
答案：deliver a speech
(2)你可以帮我把祝福传递给海地人民吗？
Would you __________my regards __________the people of Haiti
答案：deliver；to
3thrill
品味经典
①Avatar is a film to make you thrill with excitement.
《阿凡达》是一部使人兴奋至极的电影。
②The traveller thrilled us with his stories.
这位旅行者的经历使我们惊骇不已。
③We felt thrilled when we heard the thrilling voice.
当我们听到那毛骨悚然的声音时，我们感到害怕。
自我探究
thrill作为名词，表示“兴奋，激动；引起激动的事物；恐怖”
作为动词，表示“使兴奋，激动；使紧张；使毛骨悚然”。thrilled adj.感到兴奋的，感到害怕的，修饰人。thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的，使人颤动的，使人发抖的，修饰物。
归纳拓展
give sb.a big thrill使某人感到兴奋
be thrilled by/at/with sth.对……感到兴奋/激动
be thrilled to do sth.对做某事感到兴奋/激动
④She was thrilled at the prospect of seeing them again.
她一想到有望再次见到他们便欣喜若狂。
⑤It gave me a big thrill to meet my favourite author in person.
能亲眼见到我最喜欢的作者使我感到兴奋不已。
⑥We were thrilled to hear your wonderful news.
我们听到你的好消息非常兴奋。
牛刀小试
It was ________that we could find a river when we were very thirsty.Which of the following is wrong
A．a thrill B．thrilling
C．a delight D．thrilled
解析：选D。句意：让人激动的是，当我们非常渴的时候，发现了一条小河。thrilled意为“感到兴奋的，激动的”，主语一般是人。
4in harmony
品味经典
①We adore listening to the songs in perfect harmony.
我们喜欢听用完美的和声唱的歌曲。
②It is important for those in different jobs to live together in harmony.
不同工作的人融洽地生活在一起是很重要的。
③The curtains she bought are in harmony with furniture.
她买的窗帘与她的家具很协调。
自我探究
in harmony表示“协调，一致，相符；(音乐中的)和声”。in harmony with意为“与……一致/协调”。
归纳拓展
out of harmony with与……不一致/不协调
live/work in harmony一起生活/工作得融洽
harmonious adj.和谐的
harmonious society和谐社会
④This music is out of harmony with her song.
这音乐和她的歌不和谐。
牛刀小试
(2011年鹤岗高二检测)I wandered along the street thinking of nothing ________，only looking at the people around me.
A．in particular B．in harmony
C．in doubt D．in brief
解析：选A。句意为：我沿着大街闲逛没有想什么特别的，只是观看我周围的人们。in particular特别地；in harmony和谐地；in doubt怀疑地；in brief简洁地。
5refresh
品味经典
①The long sleep had refreshed her.
一场酣睡使她重新振作起来。
②A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.
走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。
③Reading old diaries can help me to refresh my memory of the childhood.
读旧日记能够帮助我唤起童年的记忆。
自主探究
refresh vt.消除……的疲劳，使振作精神。refresh one’s memory表示“唤起某人的记忆”。
归纳拓展
refresh sb.from...使某人消除……
refresh sb.with...用……使(某人)神清气爽
feel refreshed感到精神(爽快的
④A cup of coffee will refresh you from tiredness.
喝杯咖啡能使你消除疲劳。
⑤May I refresh your memory of the last lecture before we go on
在我们上课前请各位回忆上节的课程好吗？
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)洗个热水澡以后，他的疲劳一扫而光。
After a hot bath he was
__________________fatigue.
答案：refreshed from
(2)他喝了杯啤酒提提神。
He ________himself ________a glass of beer.
答案：refresh；with
(3)考试前他又看了一遍笔记，以便唤起记忆。
Before the exam he read through his notes once more to ________________.
答案：refresh his memory
6Zhou Jielun’s music is rather vain，abrupt and disturbing.
周杰伦的音乐太空洞，不柔和而且让人心烦。
(1)vain
品味经典
①He’s as vain as a peacock.
他极其自负。
②Few people like to talk with her because she is vain.
很少有人喜欢和她交谈，因为她很自负。
自我探究
vain是形容词，除了表示“自负的”外，还表示“徒劳的，无用的”。
归纳拓展
in vain徒劳；枉费心机；白费力气
be vain of sth.对……感到自负
be vain about sth.对……很自负
make vain efforts/attempts徒劳无功
③Workers tried in vain to keep the building from collapsing.
工人们试图使楼房不倒塌，但没成功。
④She is vain about her good figure.
她对自己的好身材颇为自负。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)所有的尝试是徒劳的。
All attempts have been ________________.
答案：in vain
(2)他对自己的发型和衣服颇为自负。
He ____________________his hair and his clothes.
答案：was very vain about
(3)他试图攀登那座山的顶峰，但未能成功。
He ____________________reach the summit of the mountain.
答案：made vain attempts to
(2)abrupt
品味经典
①We are surprised with the abrupt turn of the prices.
我们对于价格的突然变化感到很惊讶。
②When I asked her about her new job，she was quite abrupt with me.
当我询问她的新工作时，她对我的态度非常粗鲁。
自我探究
abrupt adj.除了表示“突然的,出其不意的”之外，还可表示“粗鲁无礼的”。
归纳拓展
abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地
abruptness n.突然，唐突，(举止、言谈等的)粗鲁无理
come to an abrupt end突然结束
an abrupt manner粗鲁的举止
牛刀小试
(4)A man with ________is not welcome here.
A．good manners B．bad manner
C．an abrupt manner D．politeness
解析：选C。an abrupt manner意为“粗鲁的举止”，而with good/bad manners意为“有/没有礼貌的”。根据题意“举止粗鲁的人在这儿不受欢迎”可知选C。
(3)disturbing
品味经典
①He brought us a piece of disturbing news.
他给我们带来了一条令人烦恼的消息。
②His long speech was so disturbing that we felt deeply disturbed.
他的长篇大论非常烦人，我们感到很烦恼。
③I’m sorry to disturb you with this question.
对不起，打扰你了，我有个问题请教。
自我探究
disturbing adj.意为“使人烦恼的”，修饰物；disturbed adj.意为“被扰乱的，不安的”，修饰人。disturb是动词，意为“扰乱，使不安，弄乱”。
牛刀小试
(5)I’m sorry to ________you but I have to tell you the ________news that she has been injured in the accident.
A．disturbing；disturbing B．disturb；disturbing
C．disturbing；to disturb D．disturbed；disturb
解析：选B。句意：很抱歉打扰你，但是我不得不告诉你一条令人不安的消息，她在事故中受伤了。disturb打扰，扰乱；disturbing令人不安的；disturbed感到不安的。
7tendency
品味经典
①His tendency to go abroad makes him learn English by heart.
他想出国，这使得他用心学习英语。
②The medicine is effective to my bad cold but has a tendency to cause sleepiness.
这药对治疗我的重感冒很有效，但是往往会引起嗜睡。
自我探究
tendency是名词，意为“倾向，趋势”；have a tendency to do sth.表示“倾向于做某事”。
牛刀小试
(1)Some girls have a(n) ________to eat much when they are in bad mood.
A．attitude B．character
C．tendency D．chance
解析：选C。句意：一些女孩儿心情不好的时候倾向于吃得多。attitude态度；character性格,特点；tendency倾向，have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事；chance机会，可能性。根据句意，答案为C。
(2)It is a fact that there is a ________towards regional cooperation.
A．attendance B．tendency
C．pretence D．fancy
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：区域合作的趋势已经成为一个事实。tendency趋势；attendance出席，侍候；pretence假装；fancy爱好，迷恋，想象力。根据题意应选B。
8Personally，I’m not that keen_on that sort of music.
就我个人而言，我不是很喜欢那种音乐。
(1)personally
品味经典
①Personally，I think he is dishonest though many people believe him.
就我个人而言，尽管有许多人相信他，但我认为他不诚实。
②All letters will be answered personally.
一切信函都将由本人亲自答复。
③I don’t know him personally，but I’ve heard a lot about him.
我跟他并不熟识，但我已听说过很多有关他的事了。
④Members of the Senate rarely attack each other personally.
参议院议员极少互相进行人身攻击。
自我探究
personally adv.意为“就个人而言”。
牛刀小试
(1)About the recent affair，the minister gave a highly ________remark.
A．personal B．person
C．personnel D．personality
解析：选A。句意：就最近发生的事件，部长发表了高度个人化的评论。personal个人的；person人；personnel人事部门，全体职员；personality个性。
(2)—Is it worth the effort
—________，yes.
A．Personally spoken B．Personally speaking
C．Personal spoken D．Personal speaking
解析：选B。句意：——努力有价值吗？——就我个人而言是的。
(2)be keen on
品味经典
①Are you keen on pizza
你喜欢比萨饼吗？
②He has been particularly keen on teaching children in villages.
他尤其渴望教村庄里的孩子们。
自我探究
be keen on表示“热衷的；渴望(做某事)的”。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(3)他们渴望尽快开始工作。
They ______________________work as soon as possible.
答案：were very keen on starting
(4)公司一些人对这个新计划不太赞同。
A number of people in the company __________________this new plan.
答案：were not keen on
(5)莉莉曾经热衷于集邮。
Lily used to __________________________.
答案：be keen on stamps collecting
9And，to be honest，the music’s just boring.
而且，老实说，这种音乐只会令人厌烦。
品味经典
①To be honest，it was one of the worst books I’ve ever read.
说实在的，它是我读过的最差的书之一。
②To be honest，she has done well enough though she is only fourteen years old.
老实说，尽管她只有14岁，她已经做得够好了。
自我探究
to be honest老实说,常用作插入语。同义短语有：to tell the truth说实在话，老实说；frankly speaking坦率地说。
归纳拓展
be honest about sth.对某事是坦白的
be honest with sb.对某人是诚实的
be honest in sth./doing sth.在(做)……方面诚实(诚恳)
牛刀小试
________，your plan is very ________，but it doesn’t seem to be easy to be carried out.
A．To tell you truth；attractive
B．To judge the fact；delicate
C．To be honest；accessible
D．To do it well；disgusting
解析：选C。句意：诚实地说,你的计划是可行的，但它看起来不容易实施。to be honest老实说；to tell you truth说实在话；attractive吸引人的；accessible可行的；根据句意故选C。
10freezing
品味经典
①It was well below freezing.
气温已在冰点以下。
②It was freezing cold when we left.
当我们离开时，天寒地冻。
自我探究
freezing作名词时，表示“冰点”；作形容词时，表示“严寒的；冰冻的”。
归纳拓展
above/below freezing冰点以上/以下
freezing point冰点
③Alcohol has a lower freezing point than water.
酒精的结冰点比水低。
牛刀小试
翻译句子
(1)今年冬天极其严寒。
__________________________________________
答案：The winter of this year is very freezing.
(2)我冻坏了，我得穿件暖和的大衣。
__________________________________________
答案：I must put a warm coat on because I’m freezing.
11Head bent，in homesickness I am drowned.
低头思故乡。
品味经典
①It isn’t easy to bend a bar of iron.
使铁棒弯曲不容易。
②The branch bent but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.
那男孩爬上树枝时，树枝弯曲了，但是没有折断。
③He bent his mind to the job so he didn’t find me coming in.
他专心于他的工作，因此，他没有发现我进来。
自我探究
bend为动词，意为“弯曲”。bend one’s mind/thought/attention to表示“专心于……”，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
归纳拓展
bend over to sth.弯腰做……
bend down弯腰，驼背
bent adj.弯曲的，专心致志的；决心的
be bent on sth./doing sth...决心做……
④There is a sharp bend on the road.
路上有一个急转弯。
⑤I bent down and picked up a coin lying on the road.
我弯下腰从马路上捡起一枚硬币。
【助记】
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)他俯下身对我耳语。
He __________________and whispered in my ear.
答案：bent towards me
(2)他专心致志于精通英语。
He __________________mastering English.
答案：is bent on
12It conveys the poet’s affection for a peaceful night.
它(充分)表达了诗人对宁静夜晚的爱。
品味经典
①Premier Wen Jiabao conveyed his sorrow for the deaths and ordered the necessities should be conveyed immediately to the earthquake hit area.
温家宝总理表达了对死者的悲哀，并命令立即把必需品运送至地震灾区。
自我探究
convey为及物动词，意为“表达，传达(思想，感想)；运载，运送”。
归纳拓展
convey to sb.向某人传达
convey sth.from...to...从……到……传送……
②I want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats.
我想告诉孩子们，读书是人生一大乐事。
③Pipes convey hot water from this boiler to every part of the building.
水管将热水自此锅炉输送至大楼的每一部分。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)这幅画可将那处风景的美丽向你传达一二。
This picture ____________________some idea of the beauty of the scenery.
答案：will convey to you
(2)我们的行李将由出租车送到酒店。
Our luggage will ____________________the hotel by taxi.
答案：be conveyed to
13I think it’s really great，don’t you
我认为这确实好极了，不是吗？
品味经典
①Your younger brother is going to hold a birthday party，isn’t he
你弟弟将举办生日聚会，是吗？
②Nobody can answer the question，can they
没有人能回答这个问题，是吗？
句型巧析
自我探究
陈述句的反意疑问句句式结构为“肯定＋否定？”或“否定＋肯定？”。
归纳拓展
当陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的主从结构时，疑问部分与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。但如果陈述部分的主句为I think，I believe，I suppose，I’m sure，疑问部分与that从句中的主语和谓语一致，并且还需注意否定的转移。
③I believe (that) she is right，isn’t she
我相信她是正确的，是吗？
④I don’t think (that) they’ve met each other before，have they
我想他们以前不曾见过面，对吗？
牛刀小试
(1)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
解析：选C。考查反意疑问句。陈述部分是肯定陈述句，且看主句的主语是it,故反问部分是isn’t it。
(2)Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，________？
A．hasn’t she B．has she
C．isn’t she D．is she
解析：选B。考查反意疑问句，陈述部分中never是表示否定意义的副词，故反意部分应用肯定，Sally’s never seen是Sally has never seen的缩写，故选B。
14 Head bent，in homesickness I am drowned.
低头思故乡。
品味经典
①Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
②More time given，we may have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们有可能做得更好。
③Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.
这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。
④The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand.
那位猎人手里拿着枪走进了树林。
自我探究
独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。其结构如下：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词：表示主动或动作正在进
行。
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词：表示被动或动作已完成。
(3)名词/代词(主格)＋不定式：表示将要发生的动作,常位于句首或句末。
(4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词：形容词/副词常用来说明名词或代词的性质，特征或所处状态。
(5)名词/代词＋介词短语：介词短语也是用来说明名词或代词的性质，特征或所处状态。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The human body is composed of organs，each ________a definite job to do.
A．have B．to have
C．has D．having
解析：选D。本题考查独立主格结构。句意：人体由器官组成，每个器官都有明确的分工。each having＝and each has，若有and则是两个并列句，无and只能是一个独立结构。逻辑主语后跟doing表主动含义，后跟done表被动含义，若跟to do则表将来含义。
句型转换
(2)When night came on，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
→__________________，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
答案：Night coming in
(3)When all the guests were seated，they began their dinner.
→______________________，they began their dinner.
答案：All the guests seated
5 Down came stout Santa.
胖胖的圣诞老人下来了。
品味经典
①Here is the book you want.
你要的书在这儿。
②Down jumped the naughty boy.
那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。
③There he comes!
他来了！
自我探究
以上句式采用了全部倒装结构，当地点副词(如here，there)、方位副词(如out，in，up，down)及时间副词(如now，then)等位于句首，且谓语为be动词或go，come等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要全部倒装；若主语为代词，则主谓不倒装。
归纳拓展
全部倒装还用于以下几种情况：
(1)当表示地点/方位的介词短语位于句首，且谓语为be动词或lie，sit，stand，come，walk等不及物动词时。
④On her left stood her husband.
她丈夫站在她的左边。
(2)当表语置于句首时。
⑤Present at the meeting was Mr.Green，our headmaster.
出席会议的是格林先生，他是我们的校长。
(3)在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
⑥Long live the Communist Party of China!
中国共产党万岁！
牛刀小试
(1)Just in front of our house ________with a history of 1,000 years.
A．does a tall tree stand B．stands a tall tree
C．a tall tree is standing D．a tall tree stands
解析：选B。句意：就在我们房子前面有一棵具有1,000年历史的大树。介词短语in front of our house位于句首，且主语是名词短语a tall tree，句子要全部倒装。
(2)For a moment nothing happened.Then ________all shouting together.
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
解析：选B。本题考查倒装句型。句意：一瞬间什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。副词then，away，out，in等置于句首，且主语是名词时，主谓要全部倒装。
A Tranquil Night by Li Bai
Before my bed a frost of light，
Is it hoarfrost upon the ground
Eyes raised，I see the moon so bright；
Head bent，in homesickness I am drowned.
Translated by Yu Yuanzhang
译文助读
The Night Before Christmas
Adapted and abridged
Original by Major Henry Livingstone Jr.or Clement Clarke Moore
It was the night before Christmas，
And all through the house
Nothing was moving，
Not even a mouse.
The stockings had been hung
With attention and care
In the hope that Santa
Soon would be there.
The children were sleeping
Safe in their beds，
While vague dreams of presents
Danced in their heads.
My wife，wearing a scarf，
And I，wearing a cap，
Had just settled ourselves
For a long winter nap.
And then，in an instant，
I heard on the roof
The stepping and scratching
Of each little hoof.
As I pulled in my head，
And was turning around，
Down came stout Santa
In a single bound.
His oval eyes shined
And his face looked so merry!
His cheeks were like roses—
His nose like a cherry!
His cute little mouth
Turned up like a bow，
And the beard and moustache
Were as white as the snow；
He didn’t speak a word
And went straight to work.
He filled all the stockings
And then turned with a jerk.
After looking around
And scratching his nose，
He gave a nod
And up the chimney he rose.
He jumped into his sleigh
And gave a loud whistle，
And away he flew
Like the seeds of a thistle.
But I heard him shout，
Before he drove out of sight，
“Merry Christmas to all，
And to all a good night.”
静夜思(李白)
床前明月光，
疑是地上霜。
举头望明月，
低头思故乡。
——Yu Yuanzhang译
圣诞节前夜
(节选并改写自Major Henry Livingstone Jr.或是Clement Clarke Moore的原作)
圣诞节的前夜，
整座屋子
没有任何东西在移动，
甚至是一只老鼠。
长袜已经挂起来了
小心翼翼地
带着这样的希望
圣诞老人很快来到。
孩子们睡着了
安稳地在他们的床上，
关于礼物的模糊梦境
正在他们的脑海中舞动。
我的妻子围着围巾，
我戴着帽子，
刚刚安顿好自己
享受一个冬日长长的睡眠。
突然，一瞬间，
我听到屋顶上
每一只小蹄儿的
踏步声和摩擦声。
当我伸直脑袋，
四周转动时，
胖胖的圣诞老人下来了
只是一跳。
他椭圆形的眼睛在闪烁
他的面孔看上去这样快乐！
他的双颊像玫瑰——
他的鼻子像樱桃！
他可爱的小嘴巴
像一张弓似的往上翘，
他的胡子和唇须
像雪一样白；
他不说一句话
直接去工作。
他装满了所有的长袜
然后猛地转身。
环顾四周后
揉揉鼻子，
他点了点头
顺着烟囱升上去。
他跳上雪橇
大声吹了一个口哨，
他飞走了
就像蓟花的种子。
但是我听到他在喊，
在驶出视线之前，
“所有的人圣诞快乐，
所有的人晚安！”
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共7张PPT)
Unit 18 Beauty
教材背景链接
名言佳句
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.[John Keats]
美的事物是永恒的喜悦。(济慈)
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
情人眼里出西施。
Beauty，unaccompanied by virtue，is as a flower without perfume.
美而无德犹如花之无香。
类文欣赏
Of Beauty
By Francis Bacon
Virtue is like a rich stone.Best plain set；and surely virtue is best，in a body that is comely，though not of delicate features；and that hath rather dignity of presence，than beauty of aspect.
(1) Neither s it almost seen，that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue；as if nature were rather busy，not to err，than in labor to produce excellency.And therefore they prove accomplished，but not of great spirit；and study rather behavior，than virtue.But this holds not always：for Augustus Caesar，Titus Vespasianus，Philip le Belle of France，Edward the Fourth of England，Alcibiades of Athens，Ismael the Sophy of Persia，were all high and great spirits；and yet the most beautiful men of their times.In beauty，that of favor，is more than that of color；and that of decent and gracious motion，more than that of favor.
That is the best part of beauty，which a picture cannot express；no，nor the first sight of the life.There is no excellent beauty，that hath not some strangeness in the proportion.A man cannot tell whether Apelles，or Albert Durer，were the more trifler；whereof the one，would make a personage by geometrical proportions；the other，by taking the best parts out of divers faces，to make one excellent.Such personage，I think，would please nobody，but the painter that made them.
Not but I think a painter may make a better face than ever was；but he must do it by a kind of felicity (as a musician that maketh an excellent air in music)，and not by rule.A man shall see faces，that if you examine them part by part，you shall find never a good；and yet altogether do well.
If it be true that the principal part of beauty is in decent motion，certainly it is no marvel.Though persons in years seem many times more amiable；pulchrorum autumnus pulcher；for no youth can be comely but by pardon，and considering the youth，as to make up the comeliness.
(2)Beauty is as summer fruits，which are easy to corrupt，and cannot last；and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth，and an age a little out of countenance；but yet certainly again，if it light well，it maketh virtue shine，and vices blush.
Task：
Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(1)_________________________________________________ (2)_________________________________________________Keys：(1)外表美丽的人，未必也具有内在的美。
(2)美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的。(共125张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warm up & Lesson 1
预习多维感知
速效提能演练
Section Ⅰ
重点难点探究
Step One：Fast Reading
Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Nowadays，________of the people in the Western world have a tattoo.
A．10% B．15%
C．20% D．25%
预习多维感知
2．In the past，some cultures used ________to show family associations.
A．corsets B．woollen shawls
C．jewellery D．tattoos
3．The followings influence people’s ideas of beauty except ________.
A．culture B．appearance
C．history D．society
4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Society changes with time.
B．People wear different clothes.
C．Standards of beauty have changed with time.
D．Tattoos were popular in the past.
答案：1～4 ADBC
Step Two：Careful Reading
1．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
In the past ●In 1878，Margaret Wolfe stated that there was no (1)__________ view on beauty.Standards of beauty change (2)__________time and cultural groups.
Traditions and fashions change and (3)_________with time.
●In 19th century Europe，women used to wear corsets and men would wear (4)__________across their shoulders.
●Nowadays in the Western world，one in every ten people has a (5)__________or a form of body art.
In contemporary society ●Culture remains a major part in (6)__________our ideas of beauty.
●With the influence of (7)__________，society and (8)__________，there are no precise criteria which can be used to (9)__________what is beautiful.
●Physical beauty must also be (10)__________by an attraction to something deeper within a person.
Conclusions ●But it is (12)____________that requires us to truly see.
答案：(1)consistent (2)across (3)adapt (4)woollen shawls (5)tattoo (6)determining (7)history (8)culture (9)judge (10)accompanied (11)dimension (12)inner beauty
2．Read the text and answer the following questions
(1)Which sentence in Lesson 1 has the similar meaning to the following one
As time goes by and the culture changes，the standard of beauty also changes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups.
(2)Finish the following sentence according to the text.
With the influence of history，society and culture，there is no precise criteria which can____________________what is beauty.
答案：be used to judge
(3)What’s the main idea of the second last paragraph
________________________________________
答案：Inner beauty is more important than physical beauty.
Step Three：Summary
As Margaret once said in the 19th century，there is no 1.____________ view in beauty.Standards and ideas of beauty 2.____________and adapted with time.
Nowadays，some customs and actions once regarded as beauty in the 19th century Europe is not considered healthy or 3.____________ ，while something now regarded as 4.____________ had different functions in the past.
In contemporary society，5.____________ still determines our ideas of beauty.In some countries，people like being thinner，while in others，people like being a little 6.____________ .There are no precise 7.____________ to judge what beauty is.If beauty were limited by some criteria，the human race would soon 8.____________ out.
There is physical beauty as well as 9.____________ beauty.The latter is found in a wide range of personal 10.____________.It is inner beauty that requires us to truly see.Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder.
答案：1.consistent 2.changed 3.attractive 4.fashion 5.culture 6.overweight 7.criteria 8.die 9.inner 10.qualities
1superior
品味经典
①This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.
这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。
②No job is superior to teaching under the sun.
教师是太阳底下最光辉的职业。
词汇精研
重点难点探究
自我探究
superior adj.(在品质等方面)较好的、优秀的、上等的；有优越感的；不屈服于……的，常和介词to连用。be superior to表示“胜过，比……好；不为……所动”，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。已经表示比较意义，不再用比较级。
归纳拓展
be inferior to...比……低劣(较差)
③This machine is technically inferior to Western models.
这台机器在技术上不如西方国家的机型先进。
【温馨提示】 superior，inferior无比较级形式，因为其本身意义已暗含比较意味。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)他们的学生在数量上超过我们的。
Their students ________in numbers ________ours.
答案：are superior；to
(2)现代音乐常被认为不如过去的。
Modern music is often considered
_______________that of the past.
答案：inferior to
2adore
品味经典
①They adored him as a living god.
他们把他当作活神崇拜。
②She adores the cinema while her mother adores going to the volleyball match.
她非常爱看电影，然而她的母亲非常喜欢看排球比赛。
自我探究
adore vt.表示“敬爱，非常喜欢”。
归纳拓展
adore sb.for sth.因为某事而敬爱某人
③We adore Mr.Zhang for his beautiful English handwriting.
我们崇拜张老师的英语书法。
牛刀小试
I ________this masterpiece of scenic view because it is modern and popular.
A．convince B．overlook
C．adore D．acknowledge
解析：选C。句意：我很喜欢这自然景点的杰作，因为它既现代又受欢迎。
3In 1878，when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”，she was stating that there was no consistent view on beauty.
1878年，玛格丽特·沃尔夫撰写“情人眼里出西施”时声称，关于“美”，没有始终如一的观点。
品味经典
①The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country’s economy.
在过去的五年里，这个国家的经济状况一直在好转。
②His behavior is consistent with his teaching.
他的行为与其教诲相符。
③China and America are consistent in fighting against pollution.
在与污染作斗争中，中国和美国是一致的。
自我探究
consistent adj.表示“一致的，始终如一的”。A is consistent with B“A和B是一致的”，主语和宾语是同类事物。A and B be consistent in...“A和B在……是一致的”，主语和宾语不是同类事物。
牛刀小试
(2011年莆田高二检测)They haven’t seen each other for ten years，but they still keep in ________contact with each other.
A．constant B．instant
C．content D．consistent
解析：选A。句意为：他们十年没见面了，但是他们仍然经常相互联系。constant经常的；instant立刻的；content满意的；consistent一致的。
4Traditions and fashions，like society itself，change and adapt with time，so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.
正如社会本身，传统和时尚是在变化的，是与时代同步的。因此，我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。
品味经典
①After moving to Xinjiang，we adapted to the change very quickly.
搬到新疆后，我们很快就适应了这个变化。
②He adapted himself to his new life.
他使自己适应了新的生活。
③He could not adapt his way of life to the company.
他无法使自己的生活方式适应公司的要求。
④Three of his novels have been adapted for television.
他的小说中有三部已被改编成电视节目。
⑤It’s hard to adapt this novel for children/the film.
要将这部小说改编得适合儿童/改编为电影很困难。
自我探究
adapt v．意为“(使)适应，(使)适合，改编”。
牛刀小试
________is reasonable that he will soon ________himself to the new job in the faraway place.
A．This；enjoy B．That；help
C．He；make D．It；adapt
解析：选D。句意：在边远地区他将很快适应这份新工作是合乎情理的。it在本句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句；adapt oneself to为固定搭配，意为“使某人适应于……”，故选D。
5In 19th century Europe，women used_to_wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no_longer considered healthy.
十九世纪的欧洲，妇女们身着紧身胸衣以达到一种今天已经不再被认为是健康的体形。
(1)used to do
品味经典
①I used to swim in the river but now I don’t because it smells terrible.
我过去常常在河里游泳，但是现在不再游了，因为河水气味难闻。
②People used to write letters twenty years ago，but now they are used to telephoning their friends and family，that is to say，cellphones are used to communicate with each other quickly.
20年前人们常常写信，但是，现在人们习惯于给朋友和家人打电话，也就是说，利用手机快捷地联络。
自主探究
used to do表示“过去常常做某事或处于某种状态”，但如今已不再那样。sb.be used to doing表示“某人习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后加名词或动名词。sth.is used to do sth.某物被用来做某件事情。
牛刀小试
用use的相关短语填空
(1)When I was a child，I ①________________consider it to be the only beauty to look beautiful outside，but now I ②________________considering having the inner beauty is more important than physical one.
答案：①used to ②am used to
(2)no longer
品味经典
①He no longer works here.
他不再在这儿工作了。
②I’m no longer afraid of him.
我不再怕他了。
自我探究
no longer表示“不再”，通常位于实义动词之前,助动词或系动词(be)之后，可用not...any longer替换。故①句可以改为He doesn’t work here any longer.②句可改为I’m not afraid of him any longer.
o longer，no more
(1)no longer(＝not...any longer)一般指时间上不再延续，多与表示状态的动词或延续性动词连用。
(2)no more(＝not...any more)常指程度上或数量上不再增加，多与终止性动词连用。
③When no more letters came from him，I know he was no longer in America.
当他不再来信时，我就知道他不在美国了。
易混辨析
牛刀小试
(2)China today is ________the China of the past.
A．no more B．not any more
C．no longer D．not any longer
解析：选C。句意：今日中国不同往常。no longer＝not...any longer(any longer一般置于句尾)着重指时间上不再延续,暗含现在与过去的情况相比较；no more＝not...any more常指程度上或数量上不再增加。根据题意答案选C。
(3)consider
品味经典
①He has considered making a living by collecting waste plastics but he has never made up his mind when to start it.
他曾经想过靠拾废旧塑料谋生，但是，从来没有下决心什么时候开始干。
②He considers it to be very challenging to cross the river by himself.
他觉得独自一人过河具有挑战性。
自我探究
consider意为“考虑，认为，看待”，后可接名词、动名词、that从句、what/how/who引导的句子。
归纳拓展
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
consider...to be认为……是……
牛刀小试
(3)The temple is still in excellent condition，________it was built 600 years ago.
A．considering B．concerning
C．regarding D．supposing
解析：选A。considering在题中为连词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”；B和C两项是介词，意为“关于”；D项为连词，意为“假设，假如”。
6 With the influence of history，society and culture，there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful.
受历史、社会和文化的影响，没有精确的衡量标准用来判断什么是美。
(1)with短语
品味经典
①He went home，with his work half finished.
工作做了一半，他就回家了。
②She came into the classroom，with her face red.
她进了教室，脸红红的。
自我探究
with短语作伴随状语时，除了加过去分词外，还可加现在分词、不定式、动名词、副词或介词。
(2)judge
品味经典
①The judge was satisfied with what the Arab said.
法官对这个阿拉伯人说的话感到满意。
②I can’t judge whether he is right or wrong.
我不能判断他是否正确。
③Her leadership will be judged by how she deals with difficult problems.
人们将通过她处理困难问题的方式来评判她的领导才能。
④I’d say she’s pretty rich，judging from her clothes.
通过她的穿着来判断，我觉得她相当富有。
自我探究
judge vt.判断，当表示“根据……来判断”时，要用judging by/from，而不用judged from。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)You have no idea how she finished the relay race __________________(脚伤得这么厉害)．
答案：with her foot wounded so much
(2)__________________________(根据脸上的汗水判断)，we can see he has tried his best.
答案：Judging from his sweat falling from his face
7Lifelong commitment and，indeed，the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth.
人们毕生的责任，甚至社会自身的存亡都取决于人们对美的不同层面和深度的认识。
(1)commitment
品味经典
①Our country made a commitment to pay D|S50,000 to Red Cross.
我们国家承诺向红十字会提供50000美元。
②She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.
她不想此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大承诺。
③He is busy for the next month with filming commitments.
他正忙于准备已经承诺的下个月拍电影的事。
自我探究
commitment为名词，意为“承诺；许诺；献身；投入；已承诺的事”，常与介词to连用。
归纳拓展
commitment to sth./to do sth.承诺；保证做某事
commit vt.做出；犯；承诺，保证
commit to sth./to doing sth.保证(做)……
commit sb./sth.to...把某人/某物托付，委托给……
be committed to...承担；献身
④I was impressed by their commitment to equal pay and opportunities.
我对他们要提供相同的工资和平等机会的承诺印象深刻。
⑤Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.
借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)她的敬业精神不容置疑。
Her ____________________________is beyond question.
答案：commitment to work
(2)总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
The President ____________________reforming health care.
答案：committed to
(3)她已承诺养育她的侄子。
She has ________________________support her brother’s child.
答案：committed herself to
(2)rely on
品味经典
①You can’t always rely on others’ help.
你不能总是依赖别人的帮助。
②I think I can come，but don’t rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
③You can rely on it that it will rain this weekend.
你就放心好了，本周末一定下雨。
自我探究
rely on/upon意为“依靠，指望”。
归纳拓展
rely on one’s own efforts依靠自己的努力
rely on sb.依赖某人
rely on/upon sb.to do sth.(＝rely on/upon sb.doing sth.)信任某人做某事
rely on sb./sth.for sth.(为生活或生存)依赖
rely on/upon it that...相信……，指望……
③I think we can rely on Derek not to tell anyone.
我认为我们可以信赖德里克，他不会告诉任何人。
④You can’t just rely on your parents lending you the money.
你不能只指望父母提供钱给你。
⑤Tim always relies on his wife for advice on clothes.
在穿着方面，蒂姆一直靠他的妻子指点。
⑥With the help of government，we can rely on it that people in Yushu will live a better life.
在政府的帮助下，我们相信玉树人民会过上更幸福的生活。
【温馨提示】 rely on后接宾语从句时常用it作形式主语，相同用法的还有depend on，hate和appreciate等。
牛刀小试
(4)You can rely on ________he will win the match.
A．it B．it that
C．that D．this
解析：选B。句意：你放心好了，他一定会赢得这场比赛。rely on后不能直接跟that从句，应先接it，再接that从句。故答案为B。
8The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.
如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美，人类不久将灭绝。
品味经典
①These animals have died out.
这类动物已经绝种了。
②That style of music died out ten years ago.
那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。
③With the forest being cut off，more and more rare animals and plants are dying out.
随着森林被砍伐，越来越多的稀有动植物正濒临灭绝。
自我探究
die out意为“完全消失，灭绝”。
归纳拓展
die away(风、声音或光线)慢慢变弱，逐渐消失
die down逐渐变弱(平息，暗淡)
die off相继死去，先后死去
die of死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷等内因)
die from死于(除疾病、情感以外的外因，如突发事故等
④The sound of their laughter died away.
他们的笑声渐渐消失了。
⑤These rumours will soon die down.
这些谣言不久就会平息。
⑥The cattle died off in the cold winter.
这些牛在寒冬相继死去。
⑦His grandfather died from an earthquake.
他的爷爷死于地震。
⑧He died of heart disease last year.
他去年死于心脏病。
牛刀小试
用die构成的短语填空
(1)The wind had ____________by dusk.
答案：died away
(2)The applause ____________and the actors continued their performance.
答案：died down
(3)Elephant would ____________if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
答案：died out
(4)Unless the starving people get food immediately，they will ____________within a week.
答案：die off
9Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person.
外在美一定要靠一个人的内在魅力来强化。
品味经典
①The pupils were accompanied by the teachers to the theater.
小学生们由老师陪伴着去戏院。
②Mr.Smith accompanied his manager on a trip to London.
史密斯先生陪伴他的经理去伦敦观光。
③The well known singer was accompanied at the piano by a musician.
那位著名的歌唱家由一位音乐家用钢琴为他伴奏。
④The visitors are asked to be accompanied with food and water.
要求参观者带着食物和水。
自我探究
accompany vt.伴随，陪同。accompany sb.to some place表示“陪同某人去某地”，accompany已经包含“去”的意思，句中不再用go。accompany sb.at/on the＋乐器表示“用……为某人伴奏”。be accompanied with表示“带着，带有”。
【温馨提示】 accompany sb.to do sth.是典型错误。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)妻子和儿子陪我去了机场。
My wife and my son ____________me ____________the airport.
答案：accompanied；to
(2)那位演唱者的男朋友用钢琴为她伴奏。
The singer ____________________the piano by her boyfriend.
答案：was accompanied at/on
(3)请明天再陪我去一次他们学校吧。
Please ____________me ____________their school again tomorrow.
答案：accompany；to
10This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities，e.g.kindness，warmth，a healthy conscience，etc.
这种特殊的魅力存在于不同的人格个性特征中，例如：仁慈、热心、健康的良知等。
品味经典
①What do you think the range of my telescope is
你认为我这架望远镜的有效距离有多远？
②Most of the students are in the 17～20 age range.
大多数学生都是在17至20岁的年龄范围内。
③The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.
酒店提供一系列设施和服务。
④The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.
这些孩子的年龄在5至15岁之间。
⑤Our conversation ranged over many subjects.
我们的谈话涉及很多方面。
自我探究
range作为名词，表示“排列；范围；等级，类别；射程”。作为动词，表示：(1)(价格、水平、温度等)处于某范围内，在某范围内变化。(2)排列，归类于，使并列。
归纳拓展
range from sth.to sth.在某范围内变化
range over sth.涉及，包括
in the range of在……范围内；在射程内
beyond/out of one’s range超出某人的范围
in/within range of sth.在可及的范围内；在……射程内(范围内
【助记】
牛刀小试
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree
—No，it’s out of ________.
A．range B．reach
C．control D．distance
解析：选A。句意：——你能射中树梢上的那只鸟吗？——不能，它在射程之外。out of range在射程外；out of reach够不着；out of control失去控制。
11It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
它(内在美)不是随意一瞥就能欣赏得到的，也远比外在美重要得多。
品味经典
①Kate is more than a teacher.She also does what she could to take care of her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师。她还尽其所能地照顾她的学生。
②His report lasted more than three hours.
他的报告持续了三个多小时。
③I am more than happy to receive your letter.
我很高兴收到你的信。
④What he did more than surprised me.
他做的事使我非常吃惊。
⑤The beauty of our city is more than I can describe.
我难以用言语描绘我们城市的美。
自我探究
more than后接名词，意为“不仅仅，不只”，后接数词，意为“超过……”，后接形容词/动词，意为“非常……”，后接从句，意为“超出(某人的力量、知识等)范围”。
牛刀小试
—I’ll talk to my son Bill about it as soon as possible.He usually listens.
—We need ________listening.We need action.
A．more than B．less than
C．not more than D．no more than
解析：选A。答句句意：我们不仅仅需要听。我们还需要行动。more than不仅仅，不只，符合句意。less than少于；not more than至多，不超过；no more than只不过，仅仅。
12He used to be a general in command of the army，but now he is a doorkeeper.
他曾经是一名统率陆军的将军，但现在他是一名看门人。
品味经典
①His commands were quickly obeyed.
他的命令很快就得到了执行。
②He commands great sums of money.
他可以支配大笔的款项。
自我探究
command既可作名词，又可作动词，意为：命令；指挥，统率；对……有支配权。in command of意为“某人统率某事物”，主语一般是人。
归纳拓展
command sb.to do...命令某人做……
command that...(should) do命令做……
give the command发布命令
have/take command of指挥；控制
under one’s command在……指挥下
in the command of某事物在某人的统率下
③The teacher commanded him to go out of the classroom.
教师命令他离开教室。
④The general commanded that the regiment (should) attack at once.
将军下令该团立刻发起进攻。
⑤Fire when I give the command.
我一下命令就开火。
⑥“Who is in command of the army？”“The army is in the command of General Brown.”
“谁统率陆军？”“由布朗将军统率。”
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)警察命令他站住。
The policeman _____________________________.
→The policeman _____________________________.
答案：commanded him to stop；commanded that he (should) stop
(2)珍妮特控制了局势，并让所有人安全撤离那栋建筑。
Janet ______________the situation and got everyone out of the building safely.
答案：took command of
13Traditions and fashions，like society itself，change and adapt with time，so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.
正如社会本身，传统和时尚在变化，是与时代同步的。因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。
句型巧析
品味经典
①It is obvious that he’s round and tall like a tree.
很明显，他又圆又高像棵树。
②It happened that I was on the spot then.
碰巧我当时在场。
③It’s hoped that you will be able to attend the meeting.
人们希望你能够参加这个会议。
自我探究
以上句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that不能省略。
归纳拓展
(1)it＋be＋形容词＋that...
其中“某些形容词”常见的有：essential/necessary必要的；important重要的；natural/advisable自然的/合理的；preferable更好的；urgent/imperative急迫的/紧急的。
(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that...，用于该句式的过去分词有：proved，said，considered，supposed，reported，(well) known，believed，suggested，ordered等。
(3)It＋不及物动词＋that...
It seems/appears that...看起来好像……
It happens that...碰巧……
It turned out that...结果/证实……
It occurred to me that...我突然想起……
(4)It＋be＋名词短语＋that...
It is a pity that...遗憾的是……
It is a fact that...事实是……
It is no wonder that...＝No wonder (that)...
……不足为奇
It is a wonder that...……真是个奇迹
It is a shame that...……真是可耻
It is an honor that...……非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that...……是常识
It is a surprise that...令人惊奇的是……
④It is required that we should arrive at the station at about 9∶00.
按要求我们应该9点钟左右到达车站。
⑤It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.
我突然想起我曾在某地见过他。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)It never occurred to me ________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A．which B．what
C．that D．if
解析：选C。句意为：我从来没有料到你会成功说服他改变主意。句中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
(2)—Is there any possibility ________you could pick me up at the airport
—No problem.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．what
解析：选B。考查that引导的同位语从句，具体说明possibility的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。
14In other cultures，looking thin for a husband to be is not what a woman desires at all—rather，looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.
在其他一些文化中，女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条而身材略微丰满才更加迷人。
品味经典
①What I should do next weekend is to clean the room.
下个周末，我应该做的事情是打扫房间。
②The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me.
什么使情况更糟的问题一直在困惑着我。
③The manager told us that he wanted to take back what he had said.
经理告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。
④She is no longer what she used to be.
她不是过去的她了。
自我探究
what除了引导表语从句外，还可引导主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
牛刀小试
(2010年高考福建卷)We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have________we have here and treat food nicely.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
解析：选C。该句中的who don’t have________we have here是定语从句，修饰先行词the people，在该定语从句中又有一个宾语从句，因为宾语从句中we have后没有宾语，所以要用what来引导定语从句。做该题时要注意三个用and连接的谓语动词：respect，think about和treat；think about后面有两个从句(定语从句中套有宾语从句)。
15The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.
如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美，人类不久将灭绝。
品味经典
①If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.
如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。
②If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exam.
如果你早听了我的意见，你考试就能通过了。
③If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一了。
归纳拓展
以上句子是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，虚拟条件句的从句中谓语动词的形式有以下三种：
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事
实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
虚拟条件句 主句
与过去事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 ①If＋主语＋动词过去式
②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形
③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
牛刀小试
(1)________it ________to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off until the same time next week.
A．Should；/ B．If；should
C．Were；/ D．If；were going
解析：选C。句意：如果明天下雨的话,运动会将推迟到下周同一时间。当虚拟语气的条件句中省略if时，句子要倒装，正常语序是：If it were to rain tomorrow...
(2)________for the people’s rescue，the pig in the Wenchuan earthquake ________till now.
A．If it is not；can’t live
B．Were it not；couldn’t live
C．Had it not been；couldn’t have lived
D．If they were not；couldn’t live
解析：选C。句意：如果没有人们的救助，汶川地震中的那头猪不可能活到现在。虚拟语气的条件句中省略了if，需把had，should，were等提到句首。表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件句谓语用had done，主句谓语用could have done；could not have done表示对过去的否定推测，意为“不可能”。
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
In 1878，when Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”，she was stating that there was no consistent view on beauty.Standards of beauty change across time and cultural groups.
译文助读
Traditions and fashions，like society itself，change and adapt with time，so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.In 19th century Europe，women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy.Men would wear woollen shawls across their shoulders.It is hard to imagine that they would be seen as attractive in the 21st century.
Nowadays，in the Western world，one in every ten people has a tattoo or a form of body art.In the past，some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes，to show family associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognised.
In contemporary society，culture remains a major part in determining our ideas of beauty.In some countries，young women follow slimming diets to lose extra kilos in preparation for their wedding day.In other cultures，looking thin for a husband to be is not what a woman desires at all—rather，looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.
With the influence of history，society and culture，there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful.Lifelong commitment and，indeed，the survival of society itself rely on people seeing beauty in difference and depth.The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.
Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an attraction to something deeper within a person.This particular kind of attraction is found in a wide range of personal qualities，e.g.kindness，warmth，a healthy conscience，etc.Judging the appeal of a person’s inner beauty is much more subjective.It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
Beauty，therefore，has more than one dimension.We are influenced by our culture，our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily，but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see.Beauty is certainly in the eye of the beholder.
情人眼里出西施
1878年，玛格丽特·沃尔夫·亨格福特写道“情人眼里出西施”时，她是说,人们对美没有一致的观点。美的标准随着时代和文化的不同而变化。
正如社会本身，传统和时尚是在变化的，是与时代同步的。因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。十九世纪的欧洲，妇女们身着紧身胸衣以达到一种今天已经不再被认为是健康的体形。男人们喜欢在肩膀上围上羊毛披肩。在二十一世纪的今天，很难想像这样的穿着会具有吸引力。
现在，在西方国家，每十个人中就有一个人有纹身或一种人体艺术形式。而在过去，一些文化用纹身作为服装的点缀，以此表现家族联系，或者给罪犯打印记以易于分辨。
在现代社会，文化仍然是决定我们审美观的重要因素。在有些国家，年轻女子为准备她们的婚礼而采用瘦身饮食法，以减掉身上多余的体重。在其他文化中，女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条，而身材略微丰满才更加迷人。
受历史、社会和文化的影响，没有精确的衡量标准用来判断什么是美。人们毕生的责任，甚至社会自身的存亡都取决于人们对美的不同层面和深度的认识。如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美，人类不久将灭绝。
外在美一定要靠一个人的内在魅力来强化。这种特殊的魅力存在于不同的人格个性特征中，例如，仁慈、热心、健康的良知等。判断一个人的内在美是否有感染力是很主观的，不像随意一瞥就能欣赏到那样容易，也远比外在美重要得多。
因此，美是多维的。受文化、生理和历史时期的制约，我们能够快速地、轻而易举地看到外在的美，但其实内在的美才真正需要我们注意。真是情人眼里出西施。
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