Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2009年高考福建卷)________ not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding B．Reminded
C．To remind D．Having reminded
解析：选B。句意：有人提醒经理不要错过15∶20的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主句主语the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有B项表被动。
2．(2010年高考湖南卷)Dina，________ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled
C．having struggled D．to struggle
解析：选C。此处分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
3．(2009年高考江西卷)________ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A．Giving B．Having given
C．To give D．Given
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整应该是：If they are given the right kind of training，可知主语they即these teenage soccer players与give之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。而A、B、C三项都不表示被动含义。
4．(2009年高考四川卷)________ many times，he finally understood it.
A．Told B．Telling
C．Having told D．Having been told
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。tell与主语之间的关系是被动关系，故排除表示主动意义的B项和C项。由状语many times可知tell这一动作在谓语动词understand之前发生过多次，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。
5．(2009年高考天津卷)________ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging
C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。由于主语many farmers和作状语的encourage之间是被动关系，排除表示主动意义的B项和D项。而being encouraged除表示被动外，还表示进行。农民们显然不是正在受到科技进步的鼓舞，故排除A项。
6．(2011年汕头高二检测)________ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A．Being founded B．It was founded
C．Founded D．Founding
解析：选C。分析句子结构可知应选考查非谓语动词形式作状语的，排除B项，另外found与Harvard之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，故选C。
7．(2011年晋中高二检测)________ as the “First Lady of Speech”，Dr Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A．Knowing B．Having known
C．Known D．To be known
解析：选C。 be known as被称为……。Dr Lillian Glass与know之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。A、B表主动，应排除；D项表将来，也可排除。
8．________ more attention，the trees could have grown better.
A．Given B．To give
C．Giving D．Having given
解析：选A。考查分词作状语。句子主语the trees与give之间是被动关系，而四个选项中只有A项表示被动意义，故答案选A。Given more attention相当于一个条件状语从句If the trees were given more attention。
9．________ in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A．Losing B．Having lost
C．Lost D．To lose
解析：选C。考查分词作状语。句意：由于陷入沉思，他差一点撞到前面的车上。be lost in thought为固定搭配，意为“陷入沉思”。过去分词短语lost in thought在句中作原因状语。
10．The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A．begins B．having begun
C．beginning D．begun
解析：选D。考查分词作状语。句意：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以至于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它。begin与research之间是被动关系，排除表示主动意义的A、B、C三项。once begun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式。
11．Generally speaking，________ according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
A．when taking B．when taken
C．when to take D．when to be taken
解析：选B。考查分词作状语。完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions...。由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is，故答案为B。
12．________ into use in April,2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A．Put B．Putting
C．Having put D．Being put
解析：选A。考查过去分词作状语。句子的主语是the hotline与put into use“投入使用”存在被动关系，排除表示主动的B项和C项。D项表示正在投入使用，不符合语境。
13．In order not to be found，I spent the whole night ________ in my room.
A．locking B．locked
C．to lock D．lock
解析：选B。考查过去分词作状语。句意：为了不被找到，我整晚上都把自己锁在自己的房间里。lock的逻辑主语I和lock之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。本题易受“spend... doing sth.句型的影响，易误选A。其实我并不是把整晚上的时间都用在了“锁”这一动作上，故排除A。
14．________，liquids can be changed into gases.
A．Heating B．To be heated
C．Heated D．Heat
解析：选C。考查过去分词作状语。句意：被加热时，液体可以变成气体。由于对于液体来说是加热的承受者，是被动的，因而选C。A项表示主动，B项表示目的，D项是谓语动词的形式。
15．Unless ________ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A．invited B．inviting
C．being invited D．having invited
解析：选A。考查过去分词作状语。句意：除非受到邀请讲话，否则在大会上你应该保持沉默。invite与you之间是被动关系，排除B、D。being invited表示正在受到邀请，不符合语境。
Ⅱ.句型转换(把下列句子转变成过去分词作状语的结构)
1．If I am offered great help，I can get rid of all the difficulties.
________ ________ ________，I can get rid of all the difficulties.
答案：Offered great help
2．Because she was frightened，she asked me to go with her.
________，she asked me to go with her.
答案：Frightened
3．If he is given time，he’ll make a first?class tennis player.________________，he’ll make a first?class tennis player.
答案：Given time
4．He stood there silently，and he was moved to tears.
He stood there silently，________________________.
答案：moved to tears
5．When they were first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
When first ________________________________，these products enjoyed great success.
答案：introduced to the marketⅠ.词汇知识
1．________ n．印象；感想；印记→________ vt.给……以印象
2．________ adj.时常发生的；连续不断的
3．________ adj.在前的；早先的→________ adv.
4．________ adj.不确切的；无把握的
5．________ n．指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导
6．________ n．周围的事物；环境 adj.周围的→________ vt.包围，围住
7．________ vt.容忍；忍受
8．________ vt.& vi.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
9．________ n．调整；调节→________ vt.
10．________ vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→________ adj.被压的→________ adj.紧急的，急迫的→________ n．压力；压；挤
11．________ vt.系牢；扎牢
12．________ n．开关；转换 vt.转换
答案：1.impression；impress 2.constant 3.previous；previously 4.uncertain 5.guide 6.surrounding；surround 7．tolerate 8.lack 9.adjustment；adjust 10.press；pressed；pressing；pressure 11.fasten 12.switch
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________ 拿起；占用；接受；开始从事；继续
2．________________ 结果
3．________________ 和……相似
4．________________ 缺乏……
5．________________ (困境后)恢复；完全复原
6．________________ 看不见……
7．________________ 四面八方
8．________________ 打扫；横扫；掠过
9．________________ 看见……
10．________________ 溜进
11．________________ 熟睡
12．________________ 对……持乐观的态度
答案：1.take up 2.as a result (of...) 3.be similar to...
4．a lack of... 5.be back on one’s feet 6.lose sight of...
7．in all directions 8.sweep up 9.catch sight of...
10．slide into 11.fall fast asleep 12.be optimistic about
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．________________________(由于担心这次旅行)，I was unsettled for the first few days.
答案：Worried about the journey
2．At first my __________________________(新环境让我难以忍受)．
答案：new surroundings were difficult to tolerate
3．__________________________(由于缺乏新鲜空气)，my head ached.
答案：Hit by a lack of fresh air
4．________； __________________(感到累极了，我爬上床) and fell fast asleep.
答案：Exhausted；I slid into bed
5．However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when ____________________________(我们到达了一个看上去像个大市场的地方)because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
答案：we reached what looked like a large market
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．She felt she had looked at the problem from every ________(方面)．
答案：aspect
2．We are told to ________(早先的) experience is necessary for this job.
答案：previous
3．Take two of the ________(药片) three times daily before meals.
答案：tablets
4．If you need help at any time in the flight，one of the ________(乘务员) will be pleased to help you.
答案：stewards
5．We all wore ________(面罩) at the party and no one knew who we were.
答案：masks
6．Nancy’s trip to Singapore made a strong ________(印象)on her.
答案：impression
Ⅱ.选词填空
slide into; take up; catch sight of; lack for; be back on one’s feet; sweep up
1．The teacher ________________ the lesson when Jenny stopped talking.
答案：took up
2．Christine doesn’t ________________ friends in the new environment.
答案：lack for
3．I ________________ a hungry dog that was looking for food in the rubbish.
答案：caught sight of
4．Six months later after bet operation, Sue ________________ again.
答案：was back on her feet
5．Jan was ________________ the bits of paper and broken glass when we came in.
答案：sweeping up
6．The naughty boy ________________ the driver’s seat and started the engine.
答案：slid into
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．Thinking that her daughter was doing homework, the mother left the room, ________.
A．quickly and gentle B．quick and gentle
C．quickly and gently D．quick and gently
解析：选B。quick and gentle是形容词短语作伴随状语，往往用逗号隔开。
2．(2011年濮阳高二检测)The old man drove the car at a ________speed, making us very comfortable.
A．high B．surprising
C．crazy D．constant
解析：选D。句意：老人以一恒定的速度开车，这使我们感觉非常舒适。结合句意可知high(高的)，surprising(令人吃惊的)，crazy(疯狂的)都不符合语境，应选constant(恒定的，不变的)。
3．(2011年杭州高二检测)Please explain how two or more things are similar________different from each other.
A．to B．or
C．in D．and
解析：选A。句意：请解释一下两个或更多事物之间彼此的相似或不同之处。“与……相似”用“be similar to”表示。
4．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ________.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：夏天我喜欢早起。早上的空气呼吸起来好极了。这是一个“主语＋系动词＋adj.＋to do”结构。排除C、D两项。在这种结构中要用主动形式表示被动意义，排除A项。
5．This magazine is very ________with young people，who like its content and style.
A．familiar B．popular
C．similar D．particular
解析：选B。句意：这本杂志很受年轻人的欢迎。他们喜欢它的内容和风格。be popular with sb.受某人欢迎。
6．The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ________ in many parts of the city.
A．look B．sign
C．sight D．appearance
解析：选C。考查词义辨析。句意：沿街晒衣服是这个城市中很多地区一道常见的风景。sight在这里是可数名词，意为“风景；景观”。look“表情”；sign“迹象；标志”；appearance“露面；出现”都不符合语境。
7．—________when has the country been open to international trade
—1978，I suppose.
A．Since B．In
C．From D．After
解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：——这个国家是什么时候对国际贸易开放的？——我猜是1978年。句子时态是现在完成时，而when指代下文的1978年。故用since when。
8．After he retired from office，Rogers ________painting for a while，but soon lost interest.
A．took up B．saved up
C．kept up D．drew up
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。句意：罗格斯退休以后从事了一段时间的绘画工作，不过他很快就失去了兴趣。take up从事，占据；save up储蓄，储存；keep up保持；draw up拟订；停车。
9．His head soon appeared out of the window，________he saw nothing but trees.
A．where B．which
C．there D．from where
解析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：他很快把头伸出窗外，从那儿他只看到一些树。这是一个非限制性定语从句。尽管先行词window可以表示地点，但句中强调目光的发出地，所以应用介词from。
10．Americans don’t like using Mr，Mrs or Miss.As a result, if they don’t use your family name，that doesn’t mean any ________.
A．lacking respect B．lack respect
C．lack of respect D．lacking respecting
解析：选C。doesn’t mean后接名词，lack of...表示“缺乏”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A group of European researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology(TU/e)are working hard to connect robots with homes.The robots will make sure that homes are nice places to stay and that patients do the right things.
This recently started research project，which has been named KSERA，focuses(关注)on COPD(慢性阻塞性肺病)patients.In 2030 this disease will be the third cause of death worldwide.The disease especially affects the elderly.
In three years’ time several demonstration(示范)houses should be finished，where a robot will play the central role.It follows patients through the house，learns their habits，watches them closely，gives sound advice，turns the air conditioning up or down a bit，and warns a doctor when the patient is not feeling well.Besides，the robot also provides fun in the form of the Internet and videos.“We want to show what is possible in this area，”says project manager Dr.Lydia Meesters.
The TU/e researcher says that this new type of intelligent care house will not be a cold environment.It should be as homely as possible.In an ideal(理想的)situation the only technology you see will be the robot.It will be the contact for all the systems in the homes.
Ethical issues(道德问题)will also be given special focus.The robot must give good advice to patients，but it should not be a policeman，Meesters explains.What to do，for example，when a COPD patient lights a cigarette
The project will cost almost 4 million euros,2.9 million of which will be provided by the EU.Other parties are the Italian research center Institute Superiore Mario Boella，Vienna University of Technology，Hamburg University，the Italian ICT company Consoft，the Central European Institute of Technology in Vienna and the Israeli care provider Maccabi Healthcare Services.
【解题导语】 TU/e目前正在研究一种机器人，他们能够帮助照顾患病在家的病人。
1．KSERA is mainly for ________.
A．the sick at home
B．children at home
C．the elderly in hospital
D．scientists in the lab
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段focuses on COPD patients可知，患病在家的人将从该项目中获益最多。故答案选A。
2．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that robots ________.
A．can do many things
B．are stronger than men
C．are better than doctors
D．can make the best home
解析：选A。段落大意题。文章第三段提到机器人能够做很多事，如：跟随病人、了解他们的习惯、密切注意他们等等。故答案选A。
3．How many parties offered money to KSERA
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Seven. D．Eight.
解析：选C。细节判断题。根据文章最后一段，有多达7个团体对这项研究提供资金援助。故答案选C。
4．According to the passage，the robots will ________.
A．be put into production very soon
B．be popular with the COPD patients
C．make a home feel cold
D．act as a policeman
解析：选B。推理判断题。根据文章第二至四段可知，KSERA这一项目所研究的机器人对患慢性阻塞性肺病的病人是很有帮助的，让他们觉得家不是“冷冰冰”的。但是，这种机器人正处于研究中，并不是很快就能投入生产的。故答案选B。
Ⅴ.短文填词
Schools should be clean and pure spots but now something bad happens.Everyone knows that some students ________(作弊) in examinations at 1.________
school.________students，we often have
examinations at school，but 2.________
sometimes we have too many examinations
________are too difficult for us. 3.________
On the other hand, some of the students are
l________ and don’t work hard at their 4.________
lessons. So when t________examinations，
they are dishonest in order to get 5.________
better results to p________ their parents
and teachers. In my opinion，it is 6.________
wrong to be dishonest in examinations
because it ________(违反) the rules 7.________
of schools. We students should be honest
and try to get good g________ by 8.________
studying hard ________ of being dishonest
in examinations. What’s more, we 9.________
should improve our study methods and
get well ________(准备) for exams. 10.________
答案：1.cheat 2.As 3. which/that 4.lazy 5.taking 6.please 7.breaks 8.grades 9.instead 10.preparedⅠ.词汇知识
1．________ adj.乐观(主义)的→________ n．乐观(主义)
2．________ n．沙漠；荒原→________ vt.遗弃；舍弃
3．________ n．公民；居民；市民
4．________ n．打字员→________ n．打字机→________ vt.& vi.打字
5．________ n．邮资→________ n．邮政编码
6．________ n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的
7．________ n．生态；生态学
8．________ adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
9．________ n．原料；材料
10．________ adj.回收利用；再利用
11．________ n．代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的→________ v．代表
12．________ n．定居；解决→________ vt.
答案：1.optimistic；optimism 2.desert；desert 3.citizen
4．typist；typewriter；type 5.postage；postcard 6.instant
7．ecology 8.greedy 9.material 10.recycle
11．representative；represent 12.settlement；settle
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________ 加速
2．________________ 在太空
3．________________ 三十一世纪一些最新的发明
4．________________ 处理；清除
5．________________ 被转化为
6．________________ 在空间站
答案：1.speed up 2.in space 3.the most up?to?date inventions of the 31st century 4.dispose of 5.be turned into 6.in space station
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．__________________________(太空站被描绘成一个巨大的圆盘)，it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.
答案：Described as an enormous round plate
2．But we cannot______________________(将使用者的这一过错归咎于工具本身)，can we
答案：blame the tools for the faults of the user
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The sign reads“In case of fire，break the glass and push the red ________(按钮)．”
答案：button
2．We should throw the rubbish into the ________(垃圾箱)near the roadside.
答案：dustbin
3．How can we build a house without building ________(材料)
答案：materials
4．She’s Italian by birth but now is an Australian ________(公民)．
答案：citizen
5．They argue that the plan would damage the island’s ________(生态)．
答案：ecology
6．Taking tablets is easy；just put them in your mouth and ________(吞下)．
答案：swallow
Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空
1．“Good evening ________ all the guests from China，”said the host.
答案：to
2．After the operation her condition was described ________ comfortable.
答案：as
3．Our thanks go to everybody who has worked ________this project.
答案：on
4．She loved her lessons, always asking questions, greedy ________ more information.
答案：for
5．His first novel was turned ________ a movie for television.
答案：into
6．Don’t stare ________ people like that；it’s rude.
答案：at
7．He doesn’t blame anyone ________ his father’s death.
答案：for
8．The waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed ________properly.
答案：of
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．________some people come here for a short break, others have decided to stay forever.
A．Because B．If
C．Once D．While
解析：选D。考查连词。句意：虽然有些人来此只是短暂停留，有些人却已经决定在这里定居了。because引导原因状语从句，if和once引导条件状语从句，while意为“虽然”，表示转折关系。
2．(2011年福州高二检测)“I don’t think it is my ________ that the TV doesn’t work.I just turned it on，that’s all，”said the boy.
A．error B．mistake
C．fault D．duty
解析：选C。考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩说：“电视机坏了不怪我。我就是打开了它，如此而已。”表示是某人的过错用It is one’s fault。error和mistake意为“错误”但不指某人应该负责。duty“义务；职责”不符合语境。
3．You see the lightning ________it happens，but you hear the thunder later.
A．the instant B．for an instant
C．on the instant D．in an instant
解析：选A。you see the lightning和it happens是两个完整的句子，因此需要一个连词将它们连接，B、C、D选项都是副词短语。the instant可用作连词。
4．Many of the party’s traditional voters ________it at the last election.
A．reserved B．deserted
C．preserved D．depressed
解析：选B。考查词义辨析。句意：这个党的很多传统支持者在上一次选举中抛弃了它。“抛弃”应用desert表示。reserve“预订”；preserve“保护；保持”；depress“使忧愁”。
5．All the neighbors admire this family，________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A．why B．where
C．which D．that
解析：选B。句意：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞叹不已，在这个家庭里，父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。family后跟非限制性定语从句，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
6．________ warmly for his excellent work, he was too ________to fall asleep.
A．Praising；excited B．To praise；exciting
C．Praised；exciting D．Praised；excited
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于工作出色而受到热情赞扬，他激动地难以入睡。praise与he之间是被动关系，排除A、B。exciting“令人兴奋的”不符合语境。故选D。
7．________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A．Having shown B．To be shown
C．Having been shown D．To show
解析：选C。考查分词作状语。由于we和show之间是被动关系，排除A项和D项。B项作状语表示目的，不符合语境。这里 show与take之间有明显的时间先后顺序，故用having been done表示完成被动。
8．I thought her nice and honest ________I met her.
A．first time B．for the first time
C．the first time D．by the first time
解析：选C。考查the first time接状语从句的用法。句意：我第一次遇到她就认为她善良诚实。表示“第一次……时”一定要用定冠词the，排除A。for the first time是介词短语，在句子中作状语。by the first time搭配错误。
9．We are hoping that these measures taken by the local government will help ________ things a bit.
A．sweep up B．speed up
C．make up D．save up
解析：选B。句意：我们希望当地政府采取的这些措施能加速事情的进展。speed up“加速；使加速”，符合题意。sweep up“横扫”；make up“组成；构成；虚构”；save up“节省”。
10．For many affected families, cuts to school bus service will mean a big ________ in their morning and afternoon schedules.
A．settlement B．motivation
C．amusement D．adjustment
解析：选D。句意：对那些受影响的家庭来说，减少学校的校车服务意味着在早上和下午的安排上都有很大的调整。adjustment“调整；调节”，符合题意。settlement“定居；解决”；motivation“动机”；amusement“消遣；娱乐(活动)”。
Ⅳ.完形填空
What will man be like in the future－in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now on？We can only make __1__，of course，but we can be sure that he will be __2__from what he is today.For man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious __3__.Man，even five hundred years ago，was shorter than he is today.Now，on average，men are about three inches __4__.Five hundred years is relatively short period of time，so we may assume that man will __5__to grow taller.
Again，in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.__6__，we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity.With time going on，__7__，we shall have to use our brains more and more，and eventually we shall need __8__ones！This is likely to bring about a physical change too：the __9__，in particular the forehead，will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in __10__use.In fact，we use them so much that very often they become __11__and we have to wear glasses.__12__over very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand，we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.These，__13__，are likely to grow weaker.At the same time，however，our fingers will grow more __14__because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair？This will probably __15__from the body altogether in course of time because it doesn’t serve a useful purpose any longer.
Perhaps all this gives the __16__that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at！This may well be __17__.All the same，in spite of all these __18__，future man will still have a lot in common with us.__19__will still be a human being，with thoughts and emotions __20__to our own.
1．A.pictures B．guesses
C．explanations D．ideas
解析：选B。根据only以及后面的be sure可知此处表示的是“仅仅是做猜测”。
2．A.equal B．same
C．obvious D．different
解析：选D。be different from“不同于”。指五千年或五万年以后的人类将不同于今天的人类。
3．A.example B．fantasy
C．model D．shape
解析：选A。下文举了一个例子。take an example是固定短语。
4．A.fatter B．thinner
C．taller D．shorter
解析：选C。指现在的人们平均比以前高3英寸。
5．A.fail B．continue
C．manage D．stop
解析：选B。人类以后将继续增高。
6．A.Even so B．If so
C．After all D．In time
解析：选A。即使(even so)大量用大脑，也只用了它的20%。if so“如果是这样”；after all“毕竟；终究”；in time“及时；最终”。
7．A.besides B．otherwise
C．therefore D．however
解析：选D。“用了20%”与“越来越多”构成转折关系，故用however。
8．A.larger B．smaller
C．sillier D．cleverer
解析：选A。根据下文的larger可知大脑用得越多，它就长得越大。
9．A.eye B．nose
C．head D．hand
解析：选C。随着大脑的增大，人的头也会变得更大。
10．A.perfect B．constant
C．normal D．unique
解析：选B。constant“不断的；连续的”，指我们的眼睛现在用得很频繁。
11．A.stronger B．bigger
C．smaller D．weaker
解析：选D。根据have to wear glasses可知是视力越来越差。
12．A.But B．So
C．Then D．Though
解析：选A。stronger与前面的weaker构成转折关系，故用but。
13．A.in other words B．all in all
C．as a result D．in addition
解析：选C。我们很少用胳膊和腿，因此就越来越弱了。less use与weaker构成因果关系，故用as a result“因此”。in other words“换句话说”；all in all“总之；总而言之”；in addition“此外；再者”。
14．A.effective B．optimistic
C．painful D．sensitive
解析：选D。根据下文的a great deal可知我们的手指将会变得越来越灵敏(sensitive)。effective“有效的”；optimistic“乐观的”；painful“疼痛的”。
15．A.disappear B．move
C．remove D．rise
解析：选A。根据下句可知头发不再有用，所以最终会消失。
16．A.expression B．impression
C．influence D．connection
解析：选B。impression“印象”，指给我们留下了一个未来人不好看的印象。expression“表情；描述”；influence“影响”；connection“联系”。
17．A.false B．perfect
C．exact D．true
解析：选D。指人类不如以前漂亮这件事是真的。
18．A.changes B．motivations
C．approaches D．adjustments
解析：选A。上文提到人在身高、大脑、眼睛、胳膊、手以及头发等方面都发生了变化，故用changes。
19．A.He B．They
C．We D．It
解析：选A。此句中用he代替future man(未来的人类)。由不定冠词a可知不能选B。
20．A.cautious B．rough
C．previous D．similar
解析：选D。be similar to“与……相似”，指未来的人和我们在感情和思想上还是相似的。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Ever dreamed of having a robot servant who would do all the boring housework around the house？Well mechanized domestic staff have come one step closer，thanks to an android(机器人)being developed in Japan.
Researchers at Tokyo University’s JSK Robotics Laboratory have created a humanoid called Kojiro，who is learning how to copy how we walk.
What makes him unique is that he has a skeletal(骨骼的)structure similar to that of humans，which means he moves in a more natural fashion，and bends and twists by his artificial spine(脊柱)．
The team，led by Professor Nakanishi，said this newly developed spine would allow them to manufacture lighter and more flexible robots in the future to serve in the home.
In one scientific paper，they wrote：“Now normal humanoid robots are not suitable for working in our daily environment.”Lack of safety and versatility(多用途)is the main reason；their hard and heavy bodies can hurt humans or surrounding objects，and they can do limited tasks compared with what humans do in daily life.
Traditional robots have limbs and torsos(躯干)powered by heavy motors at the joints.However in Kojiro，the motors are lightweight and used to pull cables attached to different locations on the body.This copies how our own muscles and tendons(腱)contract and relax when we move.
The skillful system of around 100 such tendon muscle structures work together to give Kojiro 60 degrees of freedom.The humanoid is also made mostly from light and flexible materials，which would make him less of a danger around the home.
The researchers found the most difficult challenge was finding a way to make such a skillful robot walk.“The system has strong nonlinearity(非连续性)and is hard to model precisely.To control such a system，a kind of learning method is needed，”the team wrote.
At present the scientists are testing Kojiro’s smaller movements using a games console controller.The team plan to slightly improve the computer algorithms(算法)that control the robot’s movements as they go and hope it will one day be able to handle complex movements using all of its limbs.Then perhaps one day，you will find Kojiro serving you breakfast in bed.
1．What is the text mainly about
A．The differences between the tradition robots and the humanoid.
B．Introduction to a new type of humanoid.
C．How to improve the traditional robot.
D．The humanoid will be on market soon.
解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了日本新开发的一种人形机器人。
2．What makes the humanoid unique
A．Its long limbs.
B．Its strong ability of copying.
C．Its materials.
D．Its skeletal structure.
解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知这种人形机器人特殊之处是它有与人类相似的骨骼结构。
3．What is the biggest challenge to the humanoid at present
A．How to make it walk.
B．How to make it speak.
C．How to make it do housework.
D．How to make it sing.
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知最大的挑战是找一种方法能使人形机器人行走。
4．Which of the following is NOT the reason why the humanoid can’t be suitable for working in human’s daily environment
A．Lack of safety. B．Fewer uses.
C．Its overweight. D．Damaging objects.
解析：选C。细节理解题。第五段提到的人形机器人的缺点有：缺乏安全性、用途少、可能会打碎物体等，但没有提到它超重，故选C。
5．What can we learn from the text
A．Scientists in Japan have solved the humanoid’s movement.
B．The humanoid is used to take care of the old.
C．The humanoid can use all of its limbs to handle complex movements.
D．It’ll be a long time before the humanoid is on market.
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章可知，人形机器人现在还存在很多问题，因此上市还需要很长一段时间。
