(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味经典
1．the given question给定的问题
2．the book written in simple English
用浅显的英语写成的书。
3．When I was a child，I often played football in the street.
当我是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。
自我探究
第一组中的划线部分是过去分词做定语。单个过去分词作定语，放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语，放在所修饰名词之后。一般来说，过去分词表示被动、完成的动作。
第二句中的主从句谓语都使用了一般过去时。
讲解归纳
一、过去分词作定语
1．多数及物动词的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前表示完成和被动意义。少数表示位置移动和状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语但不表被动，而表主动和完成意义。
We saw abandoned farms which were more than a hundred years ago.(被动)
我们看到一百多年前废弃的农场。
It’s autumn now and there are fallen leaves everywhere on the ground.(主动)
现在是秋天了，地上到处都是落叶。
2．过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个省略的定语从句。
This is the house built(＝which was built) last year.
这是去年建的一所房子。
3．动词的过去分词作定语说明被修饰人或物所处的状态时，这些动词的过去分词常常没有了被动的意义，而是一个形容词。
From your disappointed voice，I have to say that you are really disappointed.
从你失望的声音判断，我猜你一定很失望。
The surprised look on his face suggested that he hadn’t expected that.
他脸上吃惊的表情暗示他原来没有料想到会这样。
4．有些单个的过去分词，如：left(剩余的), given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。
After the robbery there was nothing left for the man.
遭到抢劫之后，这个人身无分文。
比较：过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
1．过去分词(短语)作定语时表示的动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或没有一定的时间性，仅表状态或被动关系。
Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(＝which is filled with many books)．(状态)
靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。
Most of the students invited to the garden party(＝who were invited to the garden party) came from our school.(被动)大部分被邀请参加游园会的学生来自我们学校。
2．现在分词(短语)作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生；与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
可怕的噪音是随着突现的光发生的。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，常用的时间状语有：just now，at that time，last night，a week ago，in the old days, the other day，then，during his middle school years等。
2．有些情况尽管没用上述时间状语，但实际上是过去发生的情况，也用一般过去时。
I didn’t know you were so busy.
我没想到你这么忙。
What did you say？你说什么？
3．评判历史人物时，可用一般现在时，也可用一般过去时，但是一般现在时侧重其贡献和成果，一般过去时则侧重于对其本人的介绍。
Charlie Chaplin is a great actor in the history of the film.
查理·卓别林在电影史上是个伟大的演员。
Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and he acted in many films.
查理·卓别林是个伟大的演员，他在许多影片中表演过。
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．What’s the language ________(speak) in Germany
解析：speak a language意为“说某一种语言”。本句中spoken in Germany为过去分词短语作后置定语。
答案：spoken
语法专练
2．Most of the people ________(invite) to the party were famous scientists.
解析：invite sb.to the party为“邀请某人参加宴会”。本句中invited to the party为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于who/that were invited to the party从句。
答案：invited
3．They have finished the work ________ (give) by their teachers.
解析：本句中given by their teachers为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于从句“which was given by their teachers”。
答案：given
4．The first textbooks ________(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
解析：write a book为“写一本书”。本句中written短语为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于which引导的定语从句。
答案：written
5．Last night，I ________ (notice) a man standing in the street，shouting at the top of his voice.
解析：时间状语last night表过去，应用notice的过去式。
答案：noticed
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A．invited B．to invite
C．being invited D．had been invited
解析：选A。本句的谓语动词是were from South Africa，因此不缺少谓语，故排除D项。从逻辑关系上分析，此处表示“受到邀请的大多数艺术家”，故使用过去分词表示被动与完成的动作。
2．The computer centre_____last year is very popular among the students in this school.
A．open B．opening
C．having opened D．opened
解析：选D。过去分词作定语，相当于which was opened。
3．Prices of daily goods________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A．are bought B．bought
C．been bought D．buying
解析：选B。goods和buy存在着被动关系，相当于which are bought...。
4．“Things ________ never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A．lost B．losing
C．to lose D．have lost
解析：选A。根据句子结构，本空应为定语修饰things，所以应选择非谓语动词，可排除D项。根据lose一词用法，该词为及物动词，在此表示被动含义，应选过去分词作定语。句意：我禁不住的自言自语：丢失的东西再也不能回来。
5．It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding B．being found
C．to find D．found
解析：选D。本题考查非谓语动词中的过去分词作定语的用法。本句的意思是：到目前为止，这是今年在网络上所能发现的最有趣的事情之一。根据句子中so far这个时间状语可知该动词应该用过去分词的一般式即可，B项表示正在进行中的被动动作，A项和C项都表示主动的动作。
6．Judy is going to marry the sailor she____
______in Rome last year.
A．meets B．met
C．has met D．would meet
解析：选B。句意：朱蒂要嫁给去年她在罗马遇见的那位船员了。由句子的时间状语last year可知用一般过去时。
7．After he had broken the world record，Rod ________to a restaurant to celebrate with his friends.
A．went B．had gone
C．would go D．has gone
解析：选A。句意：打破世界纪录后，洛和朋友们一起去饭店庆祝。由题干可知“去庆祝”的动作发生在“打破世界纪录”之后，故用一般过去时即可。
8．—Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time
—Yes，since she________the Chinese Society.
A．has joined B．joins
C．had joined D．joined
解析：选D。该句完整的句式是：I have known Dr.Jackson since she joined the Chinese Society. since后跟的时间状语从句要用一般过去时，表示自从过去某个时间发生的动作到现在以来有多长时间了。
9．—Has your father returned from Africa yet
—Yes，but he________here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A．was B．has been
C．will be D．would be
解析：选A。句意：“你父亲已经从非洲回来了吗？”“是的，但他在这儿只待了三天，公司就派他去澳大利亚了。”由before知，“待在这儿”的动作发生在“派往澳大利亚”之前，故应用一般过去时态。
10．The play had already been on for quite some time when we________at the New Theatre.
A．have arrived B．arrived
C．had arrived D．arrive
解析：选B。句意：当我们到达新剧院的时候，戏剧已经上演很长一段时间了。主句表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，而从句表示过去某一时间点的动作，应用一般过去时态。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
假设国庆节那天(周日)，你带着外国朋友Mary到青岛海边游玩。请根据下面表格中的游览顺序，写一篇100～120词的英文日记来描述一下你们的游玩经过。
时间 地点 活动
上午 海边 拍照片、沙滩散步、海中游泳
中午 啤酒城 吃海鲜、吃烧烤、喝青岛啤酒
下午 崂山 爬山、看风景
参考词汇：海鲜seafood；啤酒城Beer Castle;烧烤barbecue
【要点词汇】
1．难忘的_____________；_____________
答案：unforgettable；memorable
2．名胜______________；______________
答案：places of interest；interesting tourist sights
3．照相______________；______________
答案：take photos；take pictures
4．出发_________；_________；__________
答案：start off；set off；leave
5．看风景________________
答案：enjoy the scenery
【句型结构】
1．我们游览了几个名胜。
We visited________________.
答案：some places of interest
2．我们尽情地拍照片，在沙滩散步，在海中游泳。
We took some photos，walked on the sands and swam in the sea________________.
答案：as much as we liked
3．它是一个游客们游览的极美的地方。
It is a most beautiful place________________.
答案：for travellers to visit
【连句成篇】
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Sunday,1st，October Fine
Today，I，with my for eign friend Mary，visited some places of interest in Qingdao.Early in the morning，we started off by car.We first went to the attractive seaside，where we took some photos，walked on the sands and swam in the sea as much as we liked.Then，we visited the famous Beer Castle.At noon，we ate much delicious seafood and barbecue there，
drinking the well known Qingdao Beer，from which we learned more about this modern city.After lunch，we drove to Mountain Lao.It is a most beautiful place for travellers to visit，and on the mountain we enjoyed the wonderful scenery of green trees and white clouds.Time passed quickly.At about five o’ clock，we drove back home delightedly.We were both completely exhausted，but we felt very happy，because we spent an unforgettable “National Day”．
【类文点津】
日记最好以时间为线索进行写作，一要结合所给时间，即国庆节那天的“上午、中午和下午”，来描述游览顺序，但也要防止单纯地写成记流水账的形式，描述不同的游览地点时，一定要注意句子间的逻辑关系和过渡自然。除包括表格中内容外，可适当增加细节和感想。日记一般用过去时态。
Do you like going on a ①journey？How do you travel？By bus，train，②helicopter，or only by ③motorbike or bike？It all depends on the ④distance.If you go ⑤downtown to watch a match in the ⑥stadium or a ⑦circus performance，you can go there by ⑧tram，which runs on fixed ⑨tracks.Last week，after the job ⑩interview，I made a journey from Sydney to Alice Spring on the famous Ghan train.Ghan is short for
词语串串练
Afghanistan.There is a story about it. 150 years ago，many camels were brought to Australia from Afghanistan to be used as a means of transport on the desert. Trained camels carried lots of products to other countries.Until the 1920s，Australians did not need the camels any_more，because a new railway was built.So the train was named Ghan.It’s said that large numbers of camels have been shot since then.
你喜欢旅行吗？你想怎样去旅
行？乘坐公共汽车、火车、直
升飞机，还是摩托车、自行车
？这要取决于距离。如果你去
市中心的体育馆里看一场比赛，或去看马戏团的表演，你可以乘电车去，电车在固定的轨道上运行。上周，工作面试后，我从悉尼到艾利斯斯普林斯乘坐Ghan train进行了一次长途旅行。 Ghan是阿富汗的简称。这里有个故事。
150年前，很多骆驼从阿富汗被带到澳大利亚作为沙漠上的主要交通方式。这些受过训练的骆驼把产品带到其他国家去。直到20世纪20年代，澳大利亚人不再需要骆驼了，因为新建了一条铁路。于是这火车就被叫做Ghan。据说从那以后，大量的骆驼被射杀。
上周一，我在有着美丽海滨的悉尼上车，开始了我的旅程。在火车上我享受了由专家烹饪的美味食物，美丽的景色，废弃的农场等。很少的植物生长在暗红色的土壤里。我甚至看见翱
翔在天空的鹰。有些乘客还谈到了在艾利斯斯普林斯举行的一次重大活动的开幕典礼。半夜时，我一边听磁带上过时的歌曲，一边欣赏夜空里像钻石一样闪亮的星星。当我在艾利斯斯普林斯下车后，我为家人和朋友买了一些纪念品。在去机场的路上，一个电话让我感到高兴而不是吃惊，面试官说我被录取了。当飞机起飞时，尽管有点疲惫不堪，但我感到很兴奋。
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谢谢使用(共6张PPT)
Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
教材背景链接
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.—Alexander Dumas，(Davy de La Pailleterie)
—French Writer
生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。
——法国作家 大仲马
名言佳句
The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.
—Franklin Roosevelt，American president
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
——美国总统 富兰克林·罗斯福
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say“impossible”．
—Bonaparte Napoleon，French emperor
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——法国皇帝 拿破仑
类文欣赏
With the improvement of the people’s
living conditions，tourism has become
an important part in people’s daily life.
Do you know what should be done before a trip
Perhaps the hardest part of travelling is planning.Even if you have decided on a destination，there are so many different choices on how to get there，where to see and what to do.If you are going to a foreign country，you need to get your travel documents in order，such as passports，visas(签证)．
Tips on planning a trip
When should you start planning
A lot depends on where you are going，why you are going，how long the trip is，and the time of year you plan to go.Travel during the“low season” to your destination can be planned much later than a trip during the“high season”．
A weekend short trip in your own country usually requires four weeks’ planning.For a seven day trip，allow eight weeks.However，foreign independent travel needs between three and six months’ preparation and planning.
What should you ask before booking your tickets
When planning air travel，one of the most important rules is to plan well before your trip and always check your tickets to make sure all the information is correct.You should also ask your travel company the following questions before booking your tickets：
■Is this a direct flight，or will I have to change planes
■How and when do I get my seat information and boarding pass(登记)
■When are the size and weight，and number of pieces of luggage(行李) allowed
■What type of insurance(保险)should I buy？For example：luggage；accident；life.
■How do I make special requests for my flight，such as special meals，window seats
■What documentation is necessary for this flight？For example：ID card；passport；visa.
Question：
Have you had a ride on a train？What did you do before the trip
________________________________________________(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language Study
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1Match the verbs with the means of transport in activity 1.
将下列动词和活动1中的交通方式搭配起来。
品味经典
①The telephone is a means of communication.
电话是一种交流工具。
②Cars，buses，trains and ships are means of transport.
汽车、公共汽车、火车和轮船是交通工具。
自我探究
means n．意为“方法、手段、工具”。其单复数形式相同，使用时要注意主谓一致。
归纳拓展
by all means尽一切办法；务必
by means of用；依靠
by no means绝不；并没有
③You must bring him here by all means.
你们一定要设法把他带到这里来。
④She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.
她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。
⑤Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
思想是由语言文字表达的。
牛刀小试
(1)In many places in China，________bicycle is still________popular means of transportation.
A．a；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．the；the
解析：选C。本题考查冠词的用法。the＋单数名词：表示类别；a＋单数名词：表示泛指。
(2)Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
A．is used B．are used
C．has been used D．have been used
解析：选C。从Every一词判断此处means是单数，可先排除B、D项。从后面一句的语境分析，这些方法都已经使用了，故使用现在完成时。
2 Some of the verbs can refer to more than one means of transport.
一些动词不止是指一种交通方式。
品味经典
①The speaker often referred to his notes.
那个演讲的人不时地看发言稿。
②The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
那位科学家在他的演讲中至少三次提到全球气候变暖。
③What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要说的事和你们大家都有关。
④Although she didn’t mention any names，everyone knew who she was referring to.
尽管她没有提到任何人的名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。
⑤If you want to know how to use the word，you can refer to your dictionary.
如果你想知道这个词怎么用，你可以查一下词典。
自我探究
refer to为动词短语，意为“提到；指的是；参阅”。
(1)注意refer的过去时态、过去分词referred，双写r；现在分词是referring。
(2)短语中的to为介词，后接名词(短语)或动名词(短语)。
(3)refer to a dictionary＝look up a word in a dictionary查词典。＝consult a dictionary
牛刀小试
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without________his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to
C．looking for D．trying to
解析：选B。refer to his notes看笔记，参考演讲稿。
take off
品味经典
①The plane is due to take off at 7∶50 from the airport.
飞机计划于7点50从机场起飞。
②The plane took off five minutes ago.
飞机5分钟前起飞了。
自我探究
take off是不及物动词短语，意为“起飞”不跟宾语，不用于被动语态。
归纳拓展
take off还可表示(及物)“脱下；除掉；休假; (不及物)事业腾飞”等意思。
③He took off his hat after entering the house.
他进屋后摘下了帽子。
④I’d like to take next Friday off.
我想下星期五请假。
⑤His business is beginning to take off.
他的事业开始发展了。
牛刀小试
The storm last night________many tree branches.
A．took off B．took up
C．took away D．took out
解析：选A。短语动词。take off“移开；除掉；切除”；take up“拿起；占据；开始”；take away“拿走；收拾；减掉”；take out“带出；去除；获得”。句意：昨夜的暴风雨刮断了许多树枝。
4 I first travelled a long distance by train when I was six years old.
当我六岁的时候，第一次坐火车进行了长距离的旅行。
品味经典
①What’s the distance between Beijing and Shanghai
北京和上海之间的距离是多少？
②In England distance is measured in miles，not in kilometers.
在英国测量距离用英里，不用千米。
③A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day.
自行车骑得好的人一天能行驶100多英里。
④There has been (a) great distance between the two close friends since their quarrel.
两个亲密的朋友自从争吵以后，就开始疏远了。
自我探究
distance既可作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“距离，路程；冷淡”。
对于“距离”的提问多用what，而不用how far或者how long.
归纳拓展
in the distance在远处
at a distance (of) 隔开距离
distant adj.在远处的，久远的；冷淡的，疏远的
⑤In the distance was an ox working in a field.
远处有一头牛正在地里干活。
⑥At a distance the painting is much more beautiful.
隔开一段距离看，这幅画更美。
The distant star is far distant from the earth.
这颗星距离地球很远。
牛刀小试
A ________ cousin of mine has come to see me from a ________ village.
A．faraway；distant B．far way；faraway
C．faraway；distant D．distant；far
解析：选D。句意：我的一个住在遥远山村的远房亲戚来看我。distant表示“远亲，远房的亲戚”。far表示“遥远的”。
5 We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到一些一百多年前建造的现已废弃的农场。
品味经典
①There was an abandoned house by the riverside.
河边有一所无人居住的房子。
②An abandoned baby was found outside Tom’s house last night.
一个弃婴昨晚在汤姆的家门外被发现了。
自我探究
abandoned是abandon的过去分词形式，用作形容词，意为“被遗弃的；被抛弃的”。
归纳拓展
abandon oneself to沉溺于，陷入
abandon vt.丢弃，放弃，抛弃；放纵
③They abandoned themselves to drinking although they were drivers.
他们尽管是司机，还是沉溺于饮酒。
④She adopted many pets abandoned by their hosts during SARS.
非典期间她收养了很多被主人遗弃的宠物。
⑤Nobody knew the reason why he abandoned his wife.
没有人知道他为什么抛弃他的妻子。
⑥We had to abandon the car and walked the rest of the way.
我们只好弃车，步行赶剩下的路。
牛刀小试
He got lost in a(n)________village and he could not ask anybody for help.
A．peaceful B．attractive
C．ordinary D．abandoned
解析：选D。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，此处用abandoned，才能与其吻合。
6 In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
1925年，政府通过法律，允许人们在这些动物成为问题的时候射杀它们。
品味经典
①Lincoln was shot while watching a play in Ford’s Theatre.
林肯在福特大戏院看戏时遭到了枪杀。
②He shot the dying horse.
他射中了那匹垂死的马。
自我探究
shoot为及物动词，意为“射杀”。其过去式及过去分词均为shot。
易混辨析
shoot，shoot at
(1)shoot侧重用枪把某人打死或打伤，强调结果；
(2)shoot at指用枪朝某人或某物射击，强调动作过程(未必击中)。
③He shot at the tree in the distance accidently，and a bird was shot.
他随意地朝远处的一棵树开了一枪，结果射中了一只小鸟。
牛刀小试
完成句子
他用枪打鸟，但没有击中。
He ________ the bird with his gun，but he didn’t ________ it.
答案：shot at；shoot
7We ate great meals cooked by experts!
我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师做的！
品味经典
①The student dressed in white is my daughter.
(＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
句型巧析
②We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.(＝...problem which was discussed...)
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
③There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.(＝...nothing that has been changed...)
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
自我探究
以上各句中都有过去分词短语作定语的结构，表示被动的动作。相当于含有被动语态的定语从句。
牛刀小试
We finished the run in less than half the time ________.
A．allowing B．to allow
C．allowed D．allows
解析：选C。本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。此处allowed做后置定语表示被动，相当于which was allowed。
8 They tried riding horses，but the horses didn’t like the hot weather and sand.
他们试着骑马，但马不喜欢炎热的天气和沙地。
品味经典
①Try phoning his home number.
给他家里打个电话试试。
②They decided they would try living in America for a while.
他们决定要试着在美国住一段时间。
③I tried hard not to laugh.
我极力忍住不笑。
自我探究
try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”的意思；try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”。
remember，mean，forget，stop跟v. ing形式和动词不定式也有不同的意思．
牛刀小试
Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried ________ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A．living B．to live
C．to be living D．having lived
解析：选A。动词短语try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，一般表示动作还未发生；try doing sth.表示试图做某事，尝试着做某事，一般表示动作已经发生。根据后面的but she didn’t like it and moved back home可知，她已经尝试过单独生活。
My First Ride on a Train
My name is Alice Thompson.I come from Sydney, Australia and I’m 18 years old.Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train.And what a ride！A friend and I travelled on the famous Ghan train.We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs，right in the middle of Australia，more than four thousand kilometres away.We spent two days and nights on the train.
译文助读
The train was wonderful and the food was great.We ate great meals cooked by experts！For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey，the scenery was very colourful.There were fields and the soil was dark red.After that，it was desert.The sun shone，there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky.Suddenly，it looked like a place from another time.We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
The train was comfortable and the people were nice.During the day，I sat and looked out of the window，and sometimes talked to other passengers.I read books and listened to my Chinese cassettes(I’m studying Chinese at school)．One night，at about midnight，I watched the night sky for about an hour.The stars shone like diamonds.
Why is the train called the Ghan？A long time ago，Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country.They tried riding horses，but the horses didn’t like the hot weather and sand.A hundred and fifty years ago，they brought some camels from Afghanistan.Ghan is short for Afghanistan.
Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance.For many years，trained camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.
The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.Then the government built a new railway line，so they didn’t need the camels any more.In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.In 1935，the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.
我第一次坐火车
我叫艾丽斯·汤姆逊。我来自澳大利亚的悉尼,今年18岁。最近我乘火车进行了我的第一次长途旅行。多精彩的旅行啊！朋友和我乘坐著名的阿富汗火车旅行。我们在悉尼上车(get on)，在澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车(get off)，行程四千多千米。我们坐了两天两夜的火车。
火车很豪华，饭菜很可口。我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师(expert)们做的！旅程(journey)的前几百千米风景(scenery)优美。有一片片的原野，土壤(soil)是暗红色的。之后，全是沙漠(desert)。太阳高照，没有一丝风，天空也没有云彩。突然，我们好像来到了另一个时代的一个地方。我们看到了建于一百多年前的被遗弃的(abandoned)农场。
火车很舒适，车上的人们也很友好。在白天,我坐着看窗外，有时和别的旅客说说话。我读读书，听听中文录音带(cassette)(我现在在学校学中文)。有一个晚上，大约在半夜(midnight)，差不多有整整一个小时我都在注视夜空。星星像钻石(diamond)般闪闪发光。
为什么这列火车被称为阿富汗？很久以前，澳大利亚人需要一种途径去国家中部。他们尝试过骑马，但马不喜欢炎热的天气和沙地。150年前，他们从阿富汗买来一些骆驼(camel)。Ghan是阿富汗的缩写(be short for)。
骆驼比马更适合长途跋涉。多年来，受过训练(train)的骆驼运出食物和其他的供应品，然后运回羊毛及其他产品(product)。
阿富汗人和他们的骆驼这样运货一直持续到20世纪20年代。后来政府修建了一条新铁路线，因此他们不再(not...any more)需要骆驼了。1925年，他们通过了一项法律，规定如果这些动物成了麻烦，允许人们射杀(shoot)它们。1935年，一个城镇的警察在一天之内就射杀了153头骆驼。
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Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function，Cultural Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 It’s out of date.这过期了。
品味经典
①Will jeans be out of date
牛仔裤会过时吗？
②My passport is out of date.我的护照已经过期了。
自我探究
out of date是介词短语，意为“过时;过期。”
out of＋名词，表示不处于out of之后名词所表示的情况。注意名词前无冠词。
归纳拓展
(1)以date为中心的一些短语：
a fixed date固定日期
down to date最近的；最新的
up to date最新的
date back to追溯到
to date until now到目前为止
(2)以out of为中心的一些短语：
out of order杂乱的；坏了
out of danger脱离危险
out of trouble摆脱困境
out of work失业
out of debt还清债务
③She wears clothes that are right up to date.
她穿着最时尚的衣服。
④To date，we have not received any replies.
我们至今还未接到答复。
⑤The phone is out of order.电话坏了。
⑥She had been out of work for a year.
她已失业一年了。
牛刀小试
Your methods have long gone out of ______；you will have to modernize or risk failure.
A．date B．shape
C．order D．balance
解析：选A。题意：你那套方法早已过时，你得用现代化的方法，不然就要冒失败的危险。out of date“过时”，符合题意。out of shape“变形”；out of order“出毛病”，出故障；out of balance“失去平衡”。
2The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me.
这只鹰突然飞向空中，吓了我一跳。
品味经典
①The sudden loud noise frightened me.
突如其来的巨大声音吓了我一跳。
②Sorry，I didn’t mean to frighten you.
对不起，我不是故意吓唬你的。
自我探究
frighten是及物动词，意为“使吃惊；惊吓”。
归纳拓展
frightened adj.(人)恐惧的；害怕的；受惊的frightening adj.令人恐惧的；恐怖的
③News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上新门锁。
④He frightened me out of telling the truth.
他恐吓我不要说出真相。
⑤He looked very frightened as he spoke.
他说话时看起来很恐惧。
⑥This is really a frightening situation.
这真是个令人恐惧的局势。
牛刀小试
His words were very________.Everyone was ________by what he had said.
A．frightened；frightened
B．frightening；frightening
C．frightened；frightening
D．frightening；frightened
解析：选D。第一处表示主语的性质，使用 ing形式的形容词；第二处表示主语(人)的心态，使用 ed形式的形容词。
3She can’t remember events from a long time ago.
从很长时间以前她就记不得事情了。
品味经典
①Next day，the newspapers reported the event.
第二天，报纸报道了这个事件。
②An exchange of presents is a happy event.
交换礼物是一件令人高兴的事。
自我探究
event为可数名词，意为“事件”，尤指大事件，或体育赛事。
归纳拓展
event，affair与thing：
event尤其指大事情、事件。
affair强调小事情；(复数)事物或要素。如：the world affairs，foreign affairs。
thing意为“事情”“事务”“东西”，指大事、小事、好事、坏事等，但一般不用来指专门的事务。
③The culture exchange is a part of a nation’s foreign affairs.
文化交流是一个国家的外交事务的一部分。
④To say is one thing but to do is another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
牛刀小试
The World Expo in Shanghai is a great ______ for Chinese people.
A．incident B．accident
C．event D．happening
解析：选C。event表示“重大事件”，符合题意。incident表示“小事件”；accident侧重指“交通事故”；happening指偶然或者意外发生的事情。
4We were exhausted.
我们疲惫不堪。
品味经典
①Tom lay on the grass，exhausted by his long run.
汤姆躺在草地上，长跑使他筋疲力尽。
②We were/ felt quite exhausted with the hard work.
我们因那件辛苦的工作而感到十分疲惫。
自我探究
exhausted是exhaust的过去分词形式，用作形容词，意为“疲惫不堪的”，表示人的状态。
be exhausted from/by/with由于某事而筋疲力尽, 类似于be tired from由于某事而感到累的。
归纳拓展
exhaust v.使精疲力竭
exhausting adj.令人精疲力竭的
③The long cycle ride exhausted her.
她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪。
④I’ve had an exhausting day.
我这一天过得很疲惫。
牛刀小试
The________students are looking forward to a good night’s sleep.
A．exhausted B．frightened
C．amazed D．abandoned
解析：选A。从句子的意思得出答案，“筋疲力尽的学生在盼望好好睡一觉。”
5 We had to get up at 4 am and we didn’t go to bed until midnight.
我们凌晨4点就得起床，一直忙到半夜才能上床睡觉。
句型巧析
品味经典
①The noise of the street didn’t stop until it was midnight.
街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
②The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
＝Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
＝It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
自我探究
not...until...意为“直到……才……”。表示谓语动词的动作一直延续到某个时间才结束。
(1)当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装，即not until后使用一般疑问句的词序。
(2)该句型的强调结构是：It＋be＋not until...＋...。
归纳拓展
...until/till表示某一动作一直持续到某个时间才结束。这时谓语动词必须是表示延续性的动词。
③Wait until the rain stops.
等到雨停了再说吧。
牛刀小试
(1)Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A．he stopped B．did he stop
C．stopped he D．he did stop
解析：选B。考查倒装句。not until 提前，要求主句部分倒装。
(2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________we’ve actually had that lesson.
A．until B．after
C．since D．when
解析：选A。考查连词的用法。句意：对我们来说在生活中得到启示是很难的，直到我们真正体会到了那一启示。只有until才符合题意。
6 Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour，the train can complete the 30 kilometre journey in eight minutes.
以每小时四百多公里的速度行驶，磁悬浮火车8分钟之内可以走完这30公里的路程。
品味经典
①When crossing the road，please be careful.
过马路时要当心。(时间)
②Seeing nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note.
看到家里没有人，她决定给他们留个纸条。(原因)
③The children ran out of the room，laughing and talking happily.孩子们从房间里跑出来，高兴地说着、笑着。(伴随)
④Working hard，you’ll make progress.
努力学习，你就会取得进步。(条件)
自我探究
句中的Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour作原因状语，其逻辑主语即主句的主语the train。可改为状语从句：As it travels at a speed of...。现在分词(v. ing形式)与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主动关系。可以表示原因、时间、条件等。
归纳拓展
过去分词作状语，其与句子主语之间存在逻辑动宾关系，表示被动。
⑤Exhausted，we soon fell asleep.
由于疲劳，我们很快就睡着了。
牛刀小试
________in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of spring.
A．To walk B．Walking
C．Walked D．Having walked
解析：选B。本题考查非谓语动词。Walking在这里是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间，
相当于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon。To walk不定式放在句首一般作目的状语；Walked表示被动，此处句子主语he与动词walk之间是主动关系；Having walked是现在分词的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词(feel the warmth of spring)之前，显然不合题意。
7The Transrapid Maglev is the world’s first high speed train using magnetic levitation
technology.
超速磁悬浮列车是利用磁悬浮技术的世界上最快的火车。
回味经典
①They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.
三十年前他们住在一个朝北的房间里。
②Do you know the man standing in front of the building
你认识那个站在楼前的男人吗？
③The workers working in the factory are well paid.
在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好。
自我探究
using magnetic levitation technology为现在分词短语，在句中作定语。可以改为定语从句which uses magnetic levitation technology。这时，该短语和所修饰的名词之间为逻辑主谓关系，表示主动。
归纳拓展
过去分词作定语，与所修饰的词之间为逻辑动宾关系，表示被动。
④The book written by Mr.Wang sells well.
＝The book which is written by Mr.Wang sells well.
王先生写的那本书很畅销。
牛刀小试
Tell the children ________ there not to make so much noise.
A．play B．playing
C．to play D．played
解析：选B。从句子结构分析此处不缺少谓语动词。表示“在那里玩耍的孩子们”，用v. ing形式作后置定语，表示主动，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词children，相当于定语从句who are playing there。
The Maglev－the Fastest Train in the World
The fastest train in the world，the Transrapid Maglev，runs between Shanghai’s Pudong Airport and Longyang Station in downtown Shanghai.Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour，the train can complete the 30 kilometre journey in eight minutes.
译文助读
Maglev means“magnetically levitated”．The Transrapid Maglev is the world’s first high speed train using magnetic levitation technology.Magnetically levitated trains travel in a vacuum between two magnets.There are no rails and no noise.They travel very fast and they use less energy.
On December 31,2002，Premier Zhu Rongji and the German chancellor attended the opening ceremony of the train service.Both leaders took the train to Pudong Airport.
On November 12,2003，the Maglev reached a speed of 501 kilometres per hour on the track between Longyang Station and Pudong，a new world record speed for a train.
磁悬浮列车——世界上最快的列车
世界上最快的列车——超速磁悬浮列车，奔驰在上海浦东机场和上海市商业区的(downtown)龙阳车站之间。列车以每小时四百多千米的速度前进，能在8分钟内完成30千米的路程。
磁悬浮的意思是“磁力悬浮”。超速磁悬浮列车是世界上第一列使用磁悬浮技术的高速列车。磁悬浮列车是在两块磁铁间的真空(vacuum)中行驶。既无铁轨(rail)，又无噪音。它们速度很快，而且能量消耗较少。
2002年12月31日，朱镕基总理和德国总理参加了通车开幕式(opening ceremony)．两位领导人乘坐着这列车去了浦东机场。
2003年11月12日，这列磁悬浮列车在龙阳车站和浦东之间(track轨道)速度达到了每小时501千米，创造了列车时速世界新纪录。
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Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．Finish Activity 1 & Activity 2 on page 21 of the textbook.
(1)Which of the vehicles in Activity 1 travel on roads
_______________________________________
答案：Taxis，bicycles，motorbikes and buses travel on roads.
(2)Which of them travel on rails
______________________________________
答案：Trams and trains travel in rails.
(3)Which of them travels on water
______________________________________
答案：Ferries travel on water.
(4)Which of them travel in the air
_______________________________________
答案：Helicopters and planes travel in the air.
(5)Which of them can you use to travel a long distance
_______________________________________
答案：You can use a plane or a train to travel a long distance.
2．Answer the questions about Australia.
(1)Do you know how many people live there
______________________________________
答案：about 20 million
(2)Do you know the name of the capital city
______________________________________
答案：Canberra
(3)Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast
______________________________________
答案：on the east/southeast coast
(4)What do you think the central part of the country is like
______________________________________
答案：desert
(5)What Australian animals do you know about
______________________________________
答案：koala beer，possum，duck billed platypus，kangaroo，echidna and dingo.Some of these animals are marsupials, that is，the mother keeps the baby in a pouch on her stomach.
3．Work in pairs and discuss the question.
Generally speaking，when you read about a travel，what information will you get
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
答案：who，when，where，what，how
Step Two：Fast Reading
1．Read the passage quickly and try to get the main iden of the passage and the topic sentence of each paragraph.
(1)Try to find the main idea of the passage
A．a train ride to Sydney
B．taking the train to Australia
C．traveling to the central part of Australia
D．a child visiting her grandmother
答案：C
(2)Try to find the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1：___________________________
答案：Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train.
Paragraph 2：___________________________
答案：The train was wonderful and the food was great.
Paragraph 3：___________________________
答案：The train was comfortable and the people were nice.
Paragraph 4：__________________________
答案：Why is the train called Ghan
Paragraph 5：__________________________
答案：Camels are much faster than horses for a long distance.
Paragraph 6：__________________________
答案：The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.
2．Scan the text and then put the following statements in the right time order.
A．Railways were built and camels are no longer used.
B．Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country.
C．Australians trained camels to do the transportation.
D．They tried using horses to carry food and other supplies.
答案：B－D－C－A
3．Choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)From the passage，we know that Alice Thompson is from________.
A．China B．Afghan
C．Australia D．Austria
答案：C
(2)The sentence“And what a ride！”in the first paragraph means that________.
A. the writer enjoyed the long journey
B．the writer was made too tired from the long ride
C．that was a long and dangerous journey
D．he had nothing to see but desert
答案：A
(3)Before the 1920s，________.
A. Australians couldn’t travel to the middle of the country
B．Australians didn’t dare to travel in the endless desert
C．Australians could only travel to the middle of the country by riding horses
D．camels played an important part in traveling through the desert
答案：D
(4)The whole passage mainly tells us________.
A．the importance of the desert in Australia
B．horses are of no use in traveling in a desert
C．it’s cruel to kill thousands of camels
D．the transport to the middle of Australia
答案：D
Step Three：Careful Reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)Did Alice travel on the train a long time ago
______________________________________
答案：No.She traveled on the train recently.
(2)Was her destination on the coast of Australia
______________________________________
答案：No.It was Alice Springs in the centre of Australia.
(3)Was the scenery the same during the whole journey
_______________________________________
答案：No，at first there were fields，then it was desert.
(4)Did she study while she was on the train
_______________________________________
答案：Yes，she studied Chinese.
(5)Did the Australians use horses to travel to the central part of the country
______________________________________
答案：Yes，at first，but the horses didn’t like the hot weather and sand.
(6)Do they still use camels to deliver goods
______________________________________
答案：No，they use the train now.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
My First Ride on a Train
My first
ride Getting on in Sydney and getting off in (1)____________，which is more than (2)____________ kilometres away.
Spending (3)____________ and nights on the train.
On the
train Eating great meals cooked by (4)________.
Enjoying the colourful (5)____________．
During the day，(6)____________books and listening to my Chinese cassettes.
At night，(7)____________the night sky.
Development
of transport
ways Horses：not like the (8)___________
weather and sand.
Camels：much better than horses for (9)____________a long distance，carrying food and other supplies，and returning with (10)___________
and other products until the 1920s.
A new railway line was built and camels were shot.
答案：(1)Alice Springs (2)four thousand (3)two days(4)experts (5)scenery (6)reading (7)watching (8)hot (9)travelling (10)wool
Step Four：Summary
Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train.The train was wonderful and we ate great meals cooked by1.____________！For the first few hundred kilometres of the 2.____________, the 3.____________ was very colourful.We first saw fields with dark red 4.____________，5.____________with no green things on and then6.____________farms which were built over a century ago.
On the train I sometimes talked to other7.____________.Our train is called the Ghan，why？I know that in order to get to the middle of the country，they brought some camels from Afghanistan.Ghan is 8.____________for Afghanistan.For many years，9.____________ camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other10.____________.
The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.Then the government built a new railway line，so they didn’t need the camels any more.
答案：1.experts 2.journey 3.scenery 4.soil 5．desert 6.abandoned 7.passengers 8.short 9．trained 10.products
Step Five：Discussion
1．What sort of people do you think travel on the Ghan train
____________________________________
答案：Students’ own answers.
2．What kind of towns and villages do you think the train passed
_____________________________________
答案：Students’ own answers.
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