(共24张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．Do you like doing scientific experiments
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．What are the stages of a scientific experiment
________________________________________________________________________
答案：They are as follows: aim－method－result－conclusion.
Step Two：Fast Reading
1．Do you know which of the metals reacts the most with oxygen and water？How does iron react with air and with water？If you want to find the answers，read the two passages and then finish the two questions.
(1)Read Passage A and choose the best title for it.
A．The Different Uses of Metals
B．The Reaction of Metals
C．The Reaction of Metals with Oxygen
答案：B
(2) Read Passage B and answer the question.
Does the writer tell us how he or she carried out the experiment
________________________________________________________________________
答案：No，the writer doesn’t mention anything of how he carried out the experiment.So the passage isn’t a standard report of a scientific experiment.
2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the passage.
Passage A
(1)This passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the kind of metal
B．what kind of metal reacts most
C．the different reactions of metals
D．how metals react
答案：C
(2)Which of the following metals reacts the most with water
A．Copper. B．Iron.
C．Aluminium. D．Sodium.
答案：D
(3)When heated in oxygen，________ will react partially.
A．zinc B．copper
C．potassium D．all metals
答案：B
(4)According to the passage，it can be inferred that ________ will have less use in making kitchen tools.
A．aluminium B．iron
C．steel D．copper
答案：A
Passage B
(5)The experiment shows us________.
A．how iron rusts with air
B．iron is quite easy to rust
C．how to prevent iron from rusting
D．how iron reacts with air and with water
答案：D
(6)“Air free water”means________.
A．air with a lot of water
B．air without water
C．water with a lot of air
D．water without air
答案：D
(7)If some clean iron nails are put in a damp place for a week，the nails will________.
A．rust B．not rust
C．form an oxide D．keep the place dry
答案：A
Step Three：Careful Reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions：
Passage A
(1)Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Potassium，calcium and sodium.
(2)What happens when you heat calcium in oxygen
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It burns to form an oxide.
(3)Which metals react with steam
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Magnesium，aluminium and zinc.
(4)Does iron have a slow or fast reaction with steam
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It has a slow reaction.
(5)Does copper react with water
________________________________________________________________________
答案：No，it doesn’t.
Passage B
What should be included in a description of an experiment according to Passage B
1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________
答案：1.aim 2.apparatus 3.method 4.result 5.conclusion
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
答案：(1)substances (2)in order (3)copper (4)experiment (5)air free (6)dry (7)tube (8)water (9)ordinary (10)Iron
Step Four：Summary
Different metals have different1.____________.When we use metals，it is2.____________to know how they dissolve with different3.____________.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in4.____________.From the5.____________we can find potassium reacts6.____________oxygen and water while7.____________doesn’t react with water.When we8.____________calcium in oxygen，it burns to9.____________an oxide.At the end of the experiment you will make a10.____________.
答案：1.uses 2.important 3.substances 4.order
5．table 6.with 7.copper 8.heat 9.form 10.conclusion
Step Five：Discussion
Describe another experiment according to the picture.
Can you describe the experiment
1．Last week we did...
2．The aim of it is...
3．We use some apparatus...
4．We carried it out like that...
5．We found that ...
6．So we drew a conclusion...
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary－Language Study
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 When you heat a metal，it expands.
当你给一块金属加热的时候，它会膨胀。
品味经典
①Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.
近年来我们的对外贸易有所扩大。
②We should expand our knowledge of foreign countries.
我们应该增加对外国的了解。
③Why not try to expand your story into a novel
你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？
④His company expanded into a big one.
他的公司扩大规模而成为大公司。
自我探究
expand用作不及物动词意为“膨胀”。expand还可以用作及物动词，后接名词作宾语，意思是“扩展”。
派生词：expansion n．张开；膨胀；扩张。反义词：contract vt.收缩。
归纳拓展
The bird ________ its wings and flew away.
A．expanded B．expands
C．is expanding D．has expanded
解析：选A。句意：那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。根据flew away可知expand应用一般过去时。
2 Different metals have different uses，for example，steel is used in cars，and iron is used in electrical equipment.
不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用于汽车，铁被用于电器设备。
品味经典
①The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment.
政府对引进科学设备非常感兴趣。
②The store sells tents and other camping equipment.
这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营设备。
自我探究
equipment为不可数名词，意为“设备，装备”。表示件数用piece，表示“一套设备”用a set of equipment。
③Their schools are very poorly/well equipped.
他们学校设备很差/很好。
④It’s going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital.
装备这所医院将要花费400万美元。
⑤The course aims to equip people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age.
本课程旨在使人们掌握科技时代工作所必需的技能。
牛刀小试
If you want to buy________，it will take the school a lot of money.
A．such good equipment
B．such good equipments
C．so good equipment
D．so good equipments
解析：选A。equipment为不可数名词，排除B、D两项；such修饰名词而so修饰形容词或者副词，故选A项。
3 When we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.
当我们使用金属的时候，重要的一点是要知道它们和不同的物体，比如水和氧气，是怎样发生反应的。
品味经典
①Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.
氢气和氧气发生反应。
②How did he react to the news
他对这个消息作何反应？
③He reacted against his father’s influence.
他反抗父亲的影响。
自我探究
react v．作出反应；回应。常和介词连用，但与不同的介词连用，意思也不同。
react to 反应；react against反抗，反对；react with与……发生反应。
④What was his reaction to the news
他对这消息的反应如何？
牛刀小试
用介词with；to ；against填空
(1)The water was reacting ________ the ferrous iron in the tank.
答案：with
(2)How did the architects react ________ Garner’s design requirements
答案：to
(3)The people soon reacted ________ the tyrannical (专制的) system.
答案：against
4 Aim：To find out if iron rusts (a) in dry air；(b) in water that has no air in it (air free water)；(c) in ordinary water.
目的：验证铁在下列情况下是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在不含空气的水中；(c)在普通的水中。
品味经典
①What is your aim in life
你的生活目标是什么？
②The main aim of the course is to improve your writing.
这门课程的主要目的是提高你的写作能力。
③He has only one aim in life—to become rich.
他活着只有一个目的——发财。
自我探究
aim可数名词，意为“目标，目的”。
归纳拓展
aimless adj.漫无目的的
aim vt.瞄准；针对；旨在
aim at sth.向……瞄准
aim to do/ at doing sth.致力于做……
take aim at...向……瞄准
④The hunter took aim at the lion.
猎人瞄准了狮子。
⑤We aim to finish the work by Friday.
我们打算在周五前完成这项工作。
⑥Everything is easy when you aim high properly.
人若有志，万事可为。
⑦He aims at becoming a scientist.
他立志当一名科学家。
牛刀小试
Love is ________ way of life，but not ________ aim of it.
A．the；the B．a；the
C．a；an D．the；an
解析：选B。考查冠词。a way of life“生活的方式”；第二处用定冠词，表示“生活的目的”。
5 The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
铁钉在存有普通水的试管中会生锈。
品味经典
①This program gives ordinary viewers a chance to make their voice(s) heard.
这个节目给普通观众提供了一个发表意见的机会。
②We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her ordinary clothes.
我们都盛装赴会，而她却依然日常装束。
自我探究
ordinary adj.意为“普通的，平常的”。
易混辨析
common，normal，usual，ordinary
(1)common 共同的，到处可见的，强调普遍性；
(2)normal 正常的，合乎标准的，强调在正常情况下应有的；
(3)ordinary 平凡无奇的，普通的，强调不特殊；
(4)usual 经常的，一贯如此的，强调习惯性。
③We share common experiences and face common tasks.
我们有共同的经历，也面临共同的任务。
He is a normal child in every way.
他是一个各方面都正常的孩子。
④It’s usual to have a holiday in the summer.
夏天休假是惯例。
⑤I thought it was a pretty ordinary performance.
我认为那是一场很一般的演出。
牛刀小试
选用common，normal，usual，ordinary填空
(1)经常看到夫妇两人穿的很相似。
It’s quite ________ to see couples who dress alike.
答案：common
(2)现在家用电器已经步入普通家庭。
Now electrical appliances have entered into ________ families.
答案：ordinary
(3)他的体温比正常体温高两度。
His temperature was two degrees above ________.
答案：normal
(4)像平时那样，王葳骑车在我的前面。
Wang Wei rode in front of me as ________.
答案：usual
6 Leave the tube for one week.
将试管放置一周。
品味经典
①Don’t leave the light on when you are not in the room.
不在房间时别让灯开着。
②Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外面雨里等着。
③Leave things as they are.
让一切保持原样，什么都别动。
④When he was three his mother died，leaving him an orphan.
他三岁那年母亲去世了，丢下他成了孤儿。
⑤Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.
把米饭煮20分钟。
自我探究
leave在此为及物动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”。常跟复合宾语，结构为：leave＋sb./sth.＋adj./v. ing/to do/介词短语/n./过去分词。
牛刀小试
用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)You’d better leave the drawing room door ________(open)．
答案：open
(2)Rose left her homework ________ (undo) and went bowling.
答案：undone
(3)A terrible earthquake hit Japan，leaving thousands of passengers ________ (wait) in airports.
答案：waiting
(4)Using corn to make ethanol(酒精) means less corn is left ________ (feed) animals and people，which drives up the cost of food.
答案：to feed
7 Conclusion：Iron does not rust in dry air.
结论：铁在干燥空气中不生锈。
品味经典
①－What conclusion did you come to
你得出了什么结论？
—We came to the conclusion that he must have left for Beijing.
我们得出的结论是他一定已经去北京了。
②They drew different conclusions from the facts.
他们从这些事实中得出了不同的结论。
③The discussion was brought to a conclusion.
讨论结束了。
④Make a conclusion about what we can do to keep healthy and draw a conclusion according to others’ answers.
总结我们怎样保持健康，并根据别人的回答作一个总结。
⑤In conclusion，remember nobody is perfect.
总之，记住没有人是完美的。
自我探究
conclusion可数名词，意为“结论”。构成的短语有：
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论。
bring...to a conclusion……最后定论；结束……
make a conclusion 得出结论
In conclusion最后，总之
⑥What can you conclude from these observations
你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？
⑦We concluded to go out/that we would go out.
我们决定出去。
⑧The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock.
会议在八点结束。
牛刀小试
The ________，I think，he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.
A．attention B．conclusion
C．promise D．relation
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我认为他从简单的实验中得出的结论是不科学的。draw a conclusion“得出结论”；draw one’s attention“引起某人注意”。
Add some oil to the water.往水里加些油。
品味经典
①Do you add sugar to the tea
你喝茶加糖吗？
②Please add Angela’s name to the list.
请在名单上加上安吉拉的名字。
自我探究
add...to ...意为“将……添加到……(中去)”，to是介词，后跟名词或代词。
③Books add to the pleasure of life.
书籍为生活增添了乐趣。
④The snowstorm added to our difficulties.
暴风雪增加了我们的困难。
⑤Add up 6,7 and 8 and you’ll get 21.
把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。
牛刀小试
The woods and the river through the campus ________ the beauty of this world known university.
A．add up B．add to
C．are added up D．are added to
解析：选B。考查短语动词。add to“增添”的意思。句意：小树林和新挖的贯穿校园的小河增添了这所世界著名大学的美丽。
Balance
品味经典
①Will you weigh the apples in the balance
你用天平称一称这些苹果好吗？
②I think it is important to have a balance between study and a social life，so I’m going to join a few clubs.
我认为保持学习和社交的平衡很重要，所以我打算参加几个社团。
③Riders need a good sense of balance.
骑车的人必须要保持良好的平衡感。
④The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.
小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。
⑤It is important to keep the balance of nature.
保持生态平衡非常重要。
自我探究
balance n．意为“天平；平衡”。作平衡讲时，可构成以下短语：
keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡
a good sense of balance良好的平衡感
keep the_balance_of_nature保持生态平衡
⑥When you make a decision，you’d better balance the advantage and disadvantage.
你做决定时最好权衡一下得失。
牛刀小试
We should try our best to keep ________ balance of ________nature.
A．the；the B．the；/
C．/；/ D．/；the
解析：选B。因后面有定语所以balance前使用定冠词。名词nature前一般不使用冠词。
10 It is hard to think of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
品味经典
①Is it necessary to tell his father everything
有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗？
②I find it is necessary to take exercise every day.
我认为每天锻炼很有必要。
句型巧析
③It is no good staying up too late.
熬夜没有好处。
④It is quite clear that he has read the book.
很显然，他读过这本书。
自我探究
不定式作主语时，如果主语较长，往往使用it作形式主语，把实际主语(不定式)移到谓语之后，形成“it＋谓语＋(作主语的)动词不定式”结构。
it还可以代替v. ing形式或从句作形式主语。
牛刀小试
________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A．One B．This
C．It D．That
解析：选C。本题考查it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语“watching myself on TV”。A项用于指代单数可数名词；B、D两项分别为近指或远指代词，意为“这个；那个”。
11 Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.
品味经典
下面是一个简单的科学实验的描述。
①Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！
②Here are some pictures of John when he was little.
这是约翰小时候的照片。
③Below is a list of ten things that happened today.
下面列出的是今天发生的十件事情。
自我探究
此句是一个完全倒装句型。表示方位的副词，如there，here，up，down，out，in，away，off，below 等，位于句首，且句子主语是名词时，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，构成全部倒装。此种倒装只限于主语是名词的情况下，若主语是代词，则不倒装。
牛刀小试
At the foot of the mountain________.
A．a village lie B．lies a village
C．does a village lie D．lying a village
解析：选B。考查倒装句的用法。此题为全部倒装句，正常语序为：A village lies at the foot of the mountain.
Passage A
It is hard to think of a world without metals.Different metals have different uses，for example，steel is used in cars，and iron is used in electrical equipment.When we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.
译文助读
* an oxide＝another substance＋oxygen
Passage B
A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.
Aim：To find out if iron rusts (a) in dry air；(b) in water that has no air in it (air free water)；(c) in ordinary water.
Apparatus：3 clean iron nails；test tubes；test tube holder；cotton wool；oil；Bunsen burner.
Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.
(3)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week，the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air free water
Method
(1)Half fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes.(This makes sure there is no air in the water.)
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
(5)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with airfree water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water.
文章A
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材用于汽车中，铁用于电气设备(electrical equipment)中。当我们使用金属时，了解它们与不同的物质如何反应(react)很重要，比如，水和氧气。(不同的)金属与这些物质的反应(reaction)程度可以按顺序排列。表中金属反应最强的排在上面，反应最弱的排在下面。
*一种氧化物＝另一种物质＋氧
文章B
一个简单的科学实验
下面是对一个简单的科学实验的描述。它向我们展示铁如何与空气和水反应。
目的：为了弄清铁在下列情况下是否生锈(rust)(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在没有空气的水中；(c)在普通的(ordinary)水中。
仪器：3枚干净的铁钉；试管；试管架；棉球；油；本生酒精灯。
铁在干燥的空气中
方法
(1)把几枚铁钉放入试管底部。
(2)把一些棉球放入试管。
(3)将试管放置一周。
结果
一周后，铁钉没有生锈。
结论(conclusion)
铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。
铁在没有空气的水中
方法
(1)在试管中注入一半水。
(2)把水煮(boil)3分钟。(这样可以确保水中没有空气。)
(3)把2到3枚干净的铁钉放入水中。
(4)在水中加入(add...to...)一些油。这将防止空气进入水中。
(5)将试管放置一周。
结果
铁钉在没有空气的水中没有生锈。
结论
铁在没有空气的水中不生锈。
铁在普通的水中
方法
(1)在试管中注入一半水，加入2到3枚干净的铁钉。
(2)将试管放置一周。
结果
铁钉在盛有普通的水的试管中生锈了。
结论
铁在普通的水中生锈。
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共46张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function，Cultural Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
Keep the noise down.别大声吵闹。
品味经典
①We need to keep costs down.我们需要降低成本。
②Keep your voice down—she’ll hear you!
小声点，她会听见你的！
自我探究
keep down为动副结构的短语动词，宾语常位于两个词中间，代词必须放在中间。意为“抑制，控制”。
③I don’t think I can keep this up any longer.
我认为我不能再坚持了。
④They sang songs to keep their spirits up.
他们唱歌以保持高昂的士气。
牛刀小试
Will you please keep the noise ________？ The baby is sleeping.
A．up B．away
C．down D．off
解析：选C。根据题意，显然是指小声点，所以用keep down短语。
It’s your turn.轮到你了。
品味经典
①It’s finally our turn to do the wallboard in the school hall!
终于轮到我们负责学校礼堂的墙报了！
②We did the work by turns.
我们是轮流做这项工作的。
③The girls called out their names in turn.
那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。
④You can’t both use the bike at once，you’ll have to take turns.
你们不能两人同时用这辆自行车，得轮流使用。
自我探究
turn在此用作可数名词，意为“轮流”。常用的结构有It’s one’s turn(to do sth.)该(轮到)某人做某事
by turns轮流；交替
in turn依次；轮流；反过来
take turns轮流；依次
牛刀小试
A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics，which ________ will promote its economic development.
A．in nature B．in return
C．in turn D．in fact
解析：选C。句意：清洁的环境有助于这个城市申办奥运会，而奥运会反过来会促进城市的经济发展。in nature在自然界中，在性质方面；in return (for...)作为……的交换、回报，均不符合语意；in fact事实上，实际上，表示实际存在的情况，不符合上下文的逻辑关系；in turn意为“as a result of...因此，反过来”，符合题意。
3 The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is，so we should be very proud of that.
诺贝尔奖是现有的最高科学奖项，因此我们应该引以为自豪。
品味经典
①He was proud of what he had done.
他为自己所做的事感到自豪。
②He is my hero and I am proud to have his name.
他是我的英雄，我很自豪和他同名。
③He was too proud to join in our fun.
他很高傲，不屑同我们一起玩儿。
自我探究
be proud of为形容词短语，意为“为……而自豪/骄傲”。
be proud后还可以跟动词不定式。
④He takes great pride in his children’s achievements.
他为孩子所取得的成就而感到无比自豪。
牛刀小试
The boy got full marks in math so he was very ________of himself.
A．pleased B．angry
C．proud D．disappointed
解析：选C。be proud of“为……而自豪”。句意：这个男孩数学得了满分，因此他为自己感到自豪。
4 I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
我打算上蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为两者都应该拥有出色的物理系。
品味经典
①They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
他们应该在一小时以前到达这里。
②The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.
火车本应在半小时之前到达。
③The police arrested him because he was supposed to have killed his wife.
警察逮捕了他，认为他杀死了他妻子。
④He’s supposed to be doing his homework at home now.
他现在应该在家里做作业。
⑤You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.
你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
自我探究
be supposed to意为“应该做……；被期望做……；理应做……”。
(1)be supposed to...其中to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形(be；do)、have＋过去分词、be doing等不同的结构，以表达不同的含义。
(2)be supposed to...的否定结构为be not supposed to...，它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可”；不应当”。
牛刀小试
(1)The plane was ________to arrive at 9∶30，but was an hour late.
A．certain B．likely
C．supposed D．about
解析：选C。本题考查句型结构中的词语辨析。根据句子的意思分析，此处用supposed，构成be supposed to do sth.，表示“原本应该”的意思。
(2)The message is very important，so it is supposed ________ as soon as possible.
A．to be sent B．to send
C．being sent D．sending
解析：选A。be supposed to do是固定搭配。又因it(the message)与send是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动语态。
My parents are astonished.我的父母感到很惊讶。
品味经典
①He was astonished to hear he had got the job.
听说自己得到了那份工作，他感到很惊讶。
②We were quite astonished at her quick reaction.
我们对她的反应之快感到非常惊讶。
③The child was so astonished that he could barely believe his eyes.
实在太不可思议了，小男孩简直无法相信自己的眼睛。
自我探究
astonished为形容词，意为“吃惊的，惊愕的”，表示人的心态。
be astonished to_hear sth.听到某事感到惊愕；be astonished at /by(为……)感到惊异(惊讶)；be astonished that(clause)对……(句子)感到吃惊。
④It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before.
以前谁也没想到这一点，使我感到惊讶。
⑤Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success.
她的第一部小说取得了令人惊讶的成功。
⑥To my astonishment，the car was gone.
令我惊讶的是，车不见了。
⑦Everyone looked at her in astonishment.
大家都惊讶地看着她。
牛刀小试
用astonish的正确形式填空
(1)①He looked at me in ________.
答案：astonishment
②To my ________，it had completely disappeared.
答案：astonishment
③She looked ________ when she heard the news.
答案：astonished
单项填空
(2)From her ________ looks，we saw that she hadn’t expected we had returned so early.
A．astonishing B．astonished
C．astonish D．astonishment
解析：选B。从句子的语境分析，此处用astonished表示“她的心情”表露在脸上，说的是内心的状态。而astonishing则表示“令人惊讶的”，这和语境不吻合。
6 I never used to enjoy science，but last year I changed schools，and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.
以前我从来不喜欢科学课，但是去年我换了一所新学校，新学校里的科学老师非常棒。
句型巧析
品味经典
①I used to get up early and take an hour’s walk before breakfast.
我过去常常很早起床并且在早餐前散步一小时。
②She used to do a lot of housework.
她过去常做家务活。
③There used to be an old house standing there.
过去那里有一座老房子。
④We didn’t use/used not to go out much in the winter months.
过去在冬季我们不常外出。
自我探究
used to do sth.“过去常常……”，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，同时隐含有：“现在已经不”的意思。There used to be...曾经有……
used to有两种否定和疑问形式，一种直接使用used，一种借助于助动词did。即：否定式：used not to do＝usedn’t to/did not use to do＝didn’t use to do
疑问式：used＋主语＋to do或did＋主语＋use to do
⑤He isn’t used to living in the countryside.
他不习惯住在乡下。
⑥I’m not used to living in a crowded and noisy city，but I’m sure I’ll get used to it.
我不习惯住在拥挤嘈杂的城市，但我相信我会逐步习惯的。
⑦Coal is often used to produce electricity.
煤常被用来发电。
牛刀小试
(1)In my opinion，life in the twenty first century is much easier than ________.
A．that used to be B．it is used to
C．it was used to D．it used to be
解析：选D。“used to＋动词原形”结构。表示过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况，但现在已经不存在。“依我看，21世纪的生活比起从前可轻松多了。”
(2)In many countries，colours________express feelings and enliven language.
A．are used to B．used to
C．use to D．have used to
解析：选A。本题考查被动语态。根据句子的意思分析，此处用be used to do 表示“被用来做某事”的意思。
7 I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
我要努力考取蒙特利尔大学或者渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。
品味经典
①Either come in at once or leave.
要么马上进来，要么离开。
②You can have either the apple or the orange.
你可以吃苹果，也可以吃橘子。
③Either my father or brother is coming.
我父亲来，要不然就是我的兄弟来。
自我探究
either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。
(1)either和or后面可以根据不同的语境，接名词或动词等成分，但一定要注意词性及形式前后一致。
(2)either...or...表示“或者……或者……”，连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的那个主语一致。
易混辨析
neither...nor...，either...or...，both...and...,neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”
连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致；
either...or...表示“或者……或者……”
连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致；
both...and...表示“既……也……”
连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
牛刀小试
(1)You may do these exercises ________ in class ________ after class，but you must finish them this afternoon.
A．neither；or B．neither；nor
C．either；or D．either；nor
解析：选C。“你可以在课上或者课下做这些练习，但必须今天下午完成。”这里很明显是在两种情况中做出选择。
(2)Neither Tom nor his parents ________ at home when I called.
A．is B．are
C．were D．was
解析：选C。从when I called判断，此处用过去时，主语是parents，故用复数。
品味经典
8 In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize!
在过去二十年里，有七位加拿大科学家获得诺贝尔奖！
①The price has gone up in the past few months because of the terrible flood.
因为洪水，物价在过去几个月里上升了。
②This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.
这是近两年出版的最好的小说之一。
③I’ve seen little of her in the past few weeks.
近几周我很少见到她。
自我探究
介词短语in/during the last/ past few years/ weeks/months...“在过去的几年/周/月里”，这种时间状语要求谓语动词用现在完成时态。
牛刀小试
Once in a while，he wrote to me from abroad，but in the past 3 years，I________ any letter from him.
A．haven’t heard from
B．haven’t received
C．had heard of
D．didn’t hear about
解析：选B。根据时间状语in the past 3 years判断，此处应该使用现在完成时态。注意该时间状语和in the past“在过去”(用一般过去时态)的区别。
My feelings about science have really changed.I never used to enjoy science，but last year I changed schools，and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.The science facilities are very good，with laboratories that have all the latest equipment.Our chemistry teacher，
译文助读
Mr.Longford ，takes us to public science lectures about four times a term，and these are always very interesting，as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science.The fact is，Canada has many first class scientists.In the last twenty years，seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize！The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is，so we should be very proud of that.
I’m becoming more and more interested in physics，and have decided that I want to study it at university.I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.My parents are astonished.They always thought I would become an English teacher!
我对理科的感受真的改变了。过去(used to)我从不喜欢理科，但是去年我转学了，我的新学校的理科老师很棒。科研设备(facility)很好，有配备了最新设备的实验室。我们的化学老师朗福德先生大约每学期带我们去听四次公共科学讲座(lecture)，这些讲座总是非常有趣，因为演讲者都是一些在各自的科学领域(in the area of)真正有所发现的人。事实是，加拿大有很多一流的科学家。在过去的20年里，7名加拿大科学家获诺贝尔奖！诺贝尔奖是现有的最高科学奖项，因此我们应该为此感到骄傲(be proud of)。
我对物理越来越感兴趣，并且已决定到大学去学习物理。我打算上蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为两者都应该(be supposed to)拥有出色的物理系(department)。我的父母感到很惊讶(astonished)。他们一直认为我会成为一名英语教师！
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共6张PPT)
Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
教材背景链接
名言佳句
Achievement provides the only real pleasure in life.
有所成就是人生唯一的真正乐趣。
Observation is the best teacher.
观察是最好的老师。
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.
经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。
The secret of study lies in the integration of theory with practice.
学习的秘诀在于理论与实践的统一。
—Thomas Edison，American inventor
——美国发明家 爱迪生·T
Chemical Change and Physical Change
类文欣赏
There are two kinds of changes—chemical change and physical change.
In a chemical change，there is always a new substance formed.Breaking up water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical change.In each of the chemical change at least one new substance is formed.A change is not a chemical change if it doesn’t form a new substance.
Physical changes are very common，too.There are many examples.You can make a physical change by tearing a piece of paper into two，or by cutting a piece of iron with lathe(车床)．Here paper is still paper，and the iron is still iron.
Another way of making physical change is dissolving something in water.When you dissolve salt in water，the salt disappears.You may think that a new substance has been formed.But really there is no new substance.The salt is still salt.You can still taste it.So the dissolving of anything is a physical change.
When water freezes，the change is also a physical one.The water changes from liquid to solid.But it is still the same substance.That is why the freezing of anything is a physical change.
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．It is not________if a new substance is not formed in the change.
A．a physical change B．a chemical change
C．change of state D．a change
2．The dissolving of salt in water is________.
A．a physical change B．a chemical change
C．hydrogen and oxygen D．breaking up
3．The change of the three states of water is________.
A．a chemical change B．different substances
C．a physical change D．the same state
Keys：1.B 2.A 3.C(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
自我探究
以上两组句子中都使用了比较级。第1组是比较级表示倍数的用法。
第2组两个句子是比较级的句型结构，第1句是比较级连用，表示“越来越……”；第2句是the＋比较级……，the ＋比较级，表示“越……就越……”。
用形容词和副词表示比较级几个重要句型：
1．“比较级形式＋than”意为“比……更……”
That’s easier said than done.说比做容易。
It is much cheaper to post a long report than to fax it.
邮寄一份长篇报告比发传真便宜得多。
讲解归纳
2．“...as＋原级＋as...”意为“和……一样”
The building is as high as the tower.
这幢建筑和那座塔一样高。
This picture is as beautiful as that one.
这幅画和那幅一样漂亮。
What I did was as good as that of a normal person.
我所做的和一个正常人做的一样好。
3．“...not as (so) ＋原级＋as...”意为“不及……”
Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.
幸运的是，那天天气没有今天潮湿。
My dictionary is not as(so)useful as yours.
我的字典不如你的有用。
4．表示倍数的三个句型：
(1)．..times as＋原级＋as...
(2)．..times＋比较级＋than...
(3)．..times the＋性质名词＋of...
The roads in big cities are three times as wide as the roads in our town.(＝The roads in big cities are twice wider than the roads in our town.＝The roads in big cities are three times the width of the roads in our town.)
大城市里的路是我们城镇的路的三倍宽(比我们城镇的路宽两倍)。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。)
5．“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”
It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.
冬天来了，天气变得越来越冷了。
In the future there will be less and less oil，gas and coal left.
未来，石油、天然气和煤会越来越少。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
6．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，越……”
The more，the better.越多越好。
The more we have，the more we want.人欲无穷。
The more we get together，the happier we’ll be.
相聚越多，我们越快乐。
7．“否定词＋比较级结构”表示最高级含义
He has never spent a more worrying day.
他度过了最忧虑的一天。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
【温馨提示】 形容词比较级前常用的修饰词有far，even，much，still，a lot，a little/bit，rather，slightly，not any等。
This book is far more interesting than that one.
这本书比那一本有趣多了。
These days，they are getting much busier.
这些天，他们更忙了。
The boys want to do it a little earlier.
男孩子们想早点做这件事。
My luggage is heavy，but hers is still heavier.
我的行李很重，但她的更重。
语法专练
Ⅰ.用所给短语或单词的合适形式填空
1．The best method to achieve this goal is to unite as ________(many) people as possible.
答案：many
2．He speaks French well indeed，but of course not so________ (fluent) as a native speaker.
答案：fluently
3．The house rent is expensive.I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying three times as ________ (much) here.
答案：much
4．At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three ________(time) the size of Great Britain.
答案：times
5．What she couldn’t understand was why ________ and ________(many) students showed interest in her lessons.
答案：more；more
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．How much ________she looked without her glasses!
A．well B．good
C．best D．better
解析：选D。考查形容词的用法。look good“好看，漂亮”；look better“更好看”，在比较级前可用much，even，a lot，far等词语修饰。句意暗示“她不戴眼镜比戴眼镜好看得多”，所以这里用比较级。
2．Work gets done ________ when people do it together，and the rewards are higher too.
A．easily B．very easy
C．more easily D．easier
解析：选C。首先应用副词修饰谓语动词，又因后面the rewards are higher为比较级，前后为并列结构，故应用副词比较级，more easily。
3．The more we prepare，________ difficulties we have.
A．the few B．the less
C．the fewer D．the least
解析：选C。本结构表示“越来越”，要用句型“the＋比较级；the＋比较级”，又因为修饰可数名词difficulties，所以用the fewer。
4．My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ________ expensive.
A．as B．so
C．too D．very
解析：选A。考查倍数句型及其省略。表达倍数比较时常用以下三个句型：“倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as表示A是B的多少倍”；“倍数＋形容词(或副词)的比较级＋than”表示“A比B多多少倍”；“倍数＋the size (height，length，width)等＋of短语”表示“A是B的多少倍”。这里是第一种句型，其后省略了as ours。
5．—Are you feeling________？
—Yes，I’m fine now.
A．any well B．any better
C．quite good D．quite better
解析：选B。根据答语来判断，应是询问对方身体是否有所好转，any通常可用于疑问句加强比较级的程度，而quite则不可。
6．—Can Li Hua help me with my English
—I regret to tell you her English is ________ yours.
A．as good as B．no more than
C．not better than D．as much as
解析：选C。根据上下句可知，应该表示“他的英语还不如你的呢”。所以选C项。
7．You’re driving too fast.Can you drive ________？
A．more slowly a bit B．slowly a bit more
C．a bit more slowly D．slowly more a bit
解析：选C。句意：你车开得太快了。能不能开得稍微慢一点？根据题意是“要做的事”与“现在开得太快”两者相比较，所以用比较级结构，a bit修饰副词的比较级表示程度，放在比较级前面。
8．After two years’ research，we now have a ________ better understanding of the disease.
A．very B．far
C．fairly D．quite
解析：选B。句意：经过两年的研究，现在我们对这种疾病有了更好的理解。better是good的比较级，四个选项中只有far可以修饰比较级。
9．Speaking of all the songs he has written，I think this is probably his ________ one.
A．better known B．well known
C．best known D．most known
解析：选C。句意：说到他写的所有歌曲，我认为这首很可能是最著名的。well known意为“著名的”，其比较级和最高级形式分别是better known和best known。
10．The new group of students is better behaved than the other group who stayed here ________.
A．early B．earlier
C．earliest D．the earliest
解析：选B。句意：这群新来的学生比原先呆在这里的那群学生表现更好些。由题意可知，此处表示两群学生的情况比较，应用early的比较级表示“较早地”。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
请根据下列表格中的内容，写一篇短文，说明整个实验的内容。
实验目的 不打烂鸡蛋取走蛋壳
实验用品 一只玻璃杯，一个小煮锅(saucepan)，水，一个鸡蛋，约250毫升醋(vinegar)。
实验步骤 1.先把鸡蛋在锅中煮十五分钟左右；
2.把鸡蛋放在玻璃杯中；
3.往玻璃杯中放醋，醋要漫过鸡蛋；
4.把鸡蛋在醋中浸泡24小时。
实验结果 24小时后蛋壳完全消失
实验结论 醋中的酸性物质与蛋壳中的碳酸钙(calcium carbonate)反应生成二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)，蛋壳(shell)消失。
词数：100～120
【要点词汇】
1．反应 ____________
答案：react
2．消失 ____________
答案：disappear
3．生成 ____________
答案：form
4．酸 ____________
答案：acid
5．从……取走 ____________
答案：move...from...
6．做实验 ____________
答案：carry out the experiment
7．煮鸡蛋 ____________
答案：boil the egg
8．把……放入……____________
答案：place...in...
【句型结构】
1．实验的目的是不打烂鸡蛋取走蛋壳。
The aim of the experiment is ____________ the shell from an egg ____________.
答案：to move；without breaking the egg
2．先把鸡蛋煮十五分钟左右。
First，____________ about 15 minutes.
答案：boil the egg for
3．把鸡蛋放入醋中浸泡24小时。
____________ the egg ____________ the vinegar for 24 hours.
答案：Leave；in
4．这两种物质反应生成二氧化碳。
The two substances ____________ carbon dioxide.
答案：react to form
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
An experiment
The aim of the experiment is to move the shell from an egg without breaking the egg.
To carry out the experiment，you need the following things: a glass，a small saucepan，water，an egg and about 250ml vinegar.When all these things are ready，you can begin the experiment.
First，boil the egg for about 15 minutes in the saucepan filled with water.Next，place the egg in the glass and cover it with the vinegar.After that，leave the egg in the vinegar for 24 hours.
24 hours later，you can see the shell disappear completely.The egg shell disappears because it is made of calcium carbonate and the vinegar is an acid.The two substances react to form carbon dioxide.
【类文点津】
1．本模块的写作要求是写一篇有关实验的短文，这属于说明文体裁。此类文章不带感彩，不需要生动的细节和背景，纯粹是客观的阐述。它以传授知识为主要目的，其最大特点就是知识性。另外，此类题材比较严谨，写作的内容要真实可靠，措词要准确恰当。其语言特点是：(1)时态主要用一般现在时。(2)一般使用第二人称。
2．实验说明文需要客观地介绍整个过程。叙述要严格按照实验目的、实验用品、实验步骤、实验结果和实验结论的顺序依次进行，不能颠倒顺序。写作过程中可适当使用表示顺序的词语，使叙述条理，清楚明了。
3．写作策略和常用词汇及句型
(1)开篇首先说明实验的目的。常用The aim of the experiment is to...来表示。
(2)接着说明实验用品。常用句型：To do/conduct/perform/carry out the experiment，you need...。
(3)实验方法或实验过程是重点内容，一定要把握好写作顺序。这一部分常用下列过渡词(词组)：first，next，after that，now，finally等。
(4)实验结果和结论部分的表达也要准确，首先把实验结果说清楚，结论部分一般要说明引起上述结果的原因。
I ①used to hate science，because it was difficult and complicated for me.Although through physics，I know the followings：water has three states，which are solid，②liquid and gas；when water ③boils，it gives off ④steam；when heated，metals，such as iron used in ⑤electrical equipment，⑥potassium，sodium，calcium and copper and so on，⑦expand rather than
词语串串练
⑧contract；steel is a ⑨mixture of iron with other ⑩substances.I still have no much interest in science.But half a year ago，a lecture made by Professor Lee，who had made many discoveries in his areas of science， astonished and changed me.We
were proud of him for his winning the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.The aim of the lecture was to develop the interest of teenagers in science.Professor Lee，director of Chemistry Department of a university，brought many science facilities with him，including balance，tongs，tubes，crucible，etc.He did several experiments，and one of them interested me.We drew a conclusion with his help that iron doesn’t
rust in dry air and in air free water but rust in ordinary water because iron reacts with oxygen in the water.Professor Lee also told us copper makes partial reaction when heated in oxygen，while it makes no reaction when it is placed in water.What a wonderful world！At the end of the lecture，Professor Lee said teenagers were supposed to care more about the latest discoveries in science. Now I have known how snow forms and how salt dissolves in water.
我过去不喜欢科学，因为它们对我来说很难，而且很复杂。尽管通过物理，我知道了下列一些事情：水有三态，即固体、液体和气体；当水沸腾时，它会释放出蒸汽；当金属，如用于电气设备中的铁、钾、钠、钙和铜等被加热时，它们会膨胀而不是收缩；钢是铁与其他物质的混合物。但我依旧对科学没什么兴趣。但半年以前，李教授作的一次演讲使我惊愕而且改变了我。
这位李教授在他个人的(研究)领域里有很多的发现。他也因此获得了诺贝尔化学奖，我们都引以为豪。他这次演讲的目的是为了开发青少年对科学的兴趣。这位大学里的化学系主任，演讲时用随身带来的诸多科学设备，如天平、夹子、试管和坩埚等做了几个实验，其中一个引起了我的兴趣。在他的帮助下，我们得出结论：铁在干燥的空气中和没有空气的水中不生锈，但在普通的水中生锈，因为铁与水中的氧气发生化学反应。
李教授还告诉我们铜在氧气中被加热，发生局部化学反应，而当它放在水中时，不发生反应。多么奇妙的世界呀！演讲结束时，李教授说青少年应该多关心科学上的最新发现。现在我已经知道雪是怎样形成的以及盐是怎样在水中溶解的。
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用
