(共57张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．Don’t you remember seeing the man before
2．The building to be built is our office building.
3．He lost the bike bought last week.
4．The soup tastes delicious.
自我探究
第1句中划线部分是v.?ing 形式作宾语，表示“记得做过某事”；第2句是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，表示将来的被动动作；第3句是过去分词作后置定语，表示完成的被动动作；第4句是系表结构，taste是系动词。
一、非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。它们不能在句中充当谓语，可充当其他语法功能，可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动词的?ing 形式和动词的?ed 形式三种。
讲解归纳
非谓语动词的句法功能如下：
类别 功能
主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ × √ ×
分词 × √ × √ √ √
1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)不定式作主语。
To say is easier than to do.
说起来容易做起来难。
不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且用 it 作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.。
(2)动名词作主语。
Walking after supper is good for both young and old.
晚饭以后散步对年轻人和老人都有好处。
若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。
2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)不定式作表语。
His purpose is to give you some reasonable advice.
他的目的是给你一些合理的建议。
(2)动名词作表语。
His job is teaching.他的工作是教学。
动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job.。
(3)分词作表语。
The film is interesting，and my sister gets interested in it.电影很有趣，我的妹妹对它开始感兴趣了。
现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用法的有：surprise，interest，touch，move，puzzle，excite，tire，please，disappoint，satisfy，encourage 等。
3．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)不定式作宾语。
She pretended not to see me when I came in.
当我进来时她假装没有看到我。
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.小吉姆应该愿意今晚被带到剧院。
有些动词后要用不定式作宾语，表示某次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有 hope，agree，choose，manage，promise，expect，determine，decide，seek，refuse，arrange，desire 等。
(2)动名词作宾语。
Would you mind my opening the window
我打开窗户你介意吗？
He didn’t remember having lived with his friend before.
他不记得以前和他的朋友一起住过了。
有些动词(词组)后接动名词形式，表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的动词(词组)有 enjoy，keep，admit，avoid，escape，consider，delay，put off，give up 等。
【温馨提示】 want，need，require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。如：Those young trees need watering/to be watered.。另外，还有少数动词，如 mean，stop，try，can’t help 等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时间有先后。
4．非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语
(1)不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
The policeman told the boy not to play on the road.
那个警察告诉那个男孩不要在路上玩耍。
The old man was often seen to stand at the door of this house.那个老人经常被看到站在这所房子的门旁。
诸如 get，ask，beg，invite，oblige，allow，hate，wish，want，expect，like，permit，encourage，request，advise，order，persuade，cause，warn 等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但 hope，think，agree，insist，plan，suppose，suggest，announce，demand 等动词不能这样用。如果动词 let，have，make，hear，notice，see，observe，feel，look at，listen to 等，用于被动语态时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。
(2)分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
①现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
Tom’s father saw him sitting on the eggs.
汤姆的父亲看到他正坐在鸡蛋上。
Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
很快就能看到蒸汽从湿衣服上升起。
现在分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
②过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语。
I had my house painted last week.
上周我找人粉刷了我的房子。
The boy was found lost and couldn’t find his way back.
有人发现这个男孩迷路了，找不到回去的路。
过去分词作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，表示过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系。
5．非谓语动词作定语
(1)不定式作定语。
Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.
工人们每天都有大量的工作要做。(动宾关系)
The second officer to come in was Mr.Smith.
第二个进来的官员是史密斯先生。(主谓关系)
This is the best way to learn a foreign language.
这是学习一门外语的最好方法。(修饰关系)
不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。
(2)动名词作定语。
We shall have a writing competition.
我们将举行一次写作比赛。
There is a swimming pool in the park.
公园里有一个游泳池。
用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或用途的作用。
(3)分词作定语。
①现在分词作定语。
Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.
现在壁炉里有正燃烧的火。
The villagers built a road leading to the city.
村民们修了一条通往城市的路。
现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、现在或当时的状态。
②过去分词作定语。
There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.
有一个离这儿很远的叫桉树的村庄。
过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间存在被动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。
6．非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语。
They came to see their mother in hospital.
他们来看望住院的妈妈。
不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、结果、原因和条件。表目的时常用于 so as to 或 in order to 中，但 so as to 不能置于句首；表示结果时常用于 enough to，too...to...，so...as to...，such...as to...结构中，但要注意 too...to... 结构与 only，not，never 连用时语法结构发生了变化，因此要择义而用之。
(2)分词作状语。
①现在分词作状语。
Working hard，you won’t fail in the examination.
努力学习你就不会在考试中不及格。
Not having heard from her，I decided to write to her again.
没有收到她的来信，我决定再给她写一次。
现在分词作状语时，表示现在分词动作与谓语动作同时进行或先于谓语动作发生或完成。因此可用现在分词的一般式或完成式表示，而完成式的否定式 not 必须置于分词之前。相当于表示原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随状况等状语从句。
【温馨提示】 通常现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即彼此间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。但 generally speaking，strictly speaking，roughly speaking，judging from 等词组不受这种语法限制。
②过去分词作状语。
Seen from the top of the tower，the river looks like a snake.从塔顶看，这条河看起来像一条蛇。
过去分词作状语时，句子的主语与过去分词之间存在被动关系，即主语是过去分词动作的承受者，同样也可以表原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随等。
二、连系动词
连接主语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成主系表结构。常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，feel，sit，stand，lie，keep，stay(保持)等。表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，fall，prove等。
The park looks very beautiful.
这个公园很美丽。
She always keeps silent whenever I see her.
不管我什么时候看见她，她总是保持沉默。
Stand still and I’ll take a picture of you.
请站稳，我给你拍张照片。
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．________(compare) with other classmates，he is not very clever.
2．Joan suggested ________(ask) her father for his opinion.
3．We have raised twelve thousand dollars so far，and we expect________(reach) our goal by the end of next week.
4．I will never forget the difficulty I had in ________(find) a job.
语法专练
5．At that time，we heard a woman ________(cry) sadly from the next door.
6．________(introduce) into the country，the food is well received by people of the country.
7．Roger took up ________(paint) for a while，but soon lost interest.
8．My mother says the day she has been looking forward to ________(arrive) soon.
9．The emperor made his people build a large temple，________(know) as the Temple of Heaven.
10．Some people get ________(pay) over $400 an hour.
答案：1.Compared 2.asking 3.to reach 4.finding 5.crying 6.Introduced 7.painting 8.will arrive 9．known 10.paid
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Bill suggested ________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A．having held B．to hold
C．holding D．hold
解析：选C。题意：贝尔建议就假期为上海世博会做点什么一事开个会。suggest 后接动名词作宾语；根据题意，hold a meeting 在suggest 之后发生，故不用动名词的完成式。
2．When he raised his head，he found himself ________in the direction of his hometown.
A．walk B．walked
C．to walk D．walking
解析：选D。句意：当他抬起头时，他发现自己正朝家乡的方向走。由于动词walk与himself 为主谓关系，所以用其现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表正在进行。
3．The play ________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A．produced B．being produced
C．to be produced D．having been produced
解析：选C。句意为“下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。”to be produced 作后置定语，修饰 The play，表示“将被上演的”。produced 表示“上演过的”，being produced 表示“正在被上演的”。
4．What is the way George thought of ________enough money to buy the house
A．to get B．getting
C．having got D．being got
解析：选A。此题可采用减元法。George thought of 是way 的定语从句，可以去掉，则该句变为What is the way________enough money to buy the house？way 的定语可用to do 或of doing。
5．Which do you enjoy ________your holiday，going abroad or staying at home
A．spending B．to spend
C．being spent D．spend
解析：选B。此题极易受enjoy 后接v.?ing 形式的干扰，从而错选A项或C项。其实，enjoy 的宾语是which，即在going abroad 与staying at home 之间作出选择；to spend your holiday 是目的状语。故选B项。
6．________ many times，he finally understood it.
A．Told B．Telling
C．Having told D．Having been told
解析：选D。考查现在分词作状语。由语意可知，tell这一动作发生在understand之前，且与主语he之间存在动宾关系，故选D。
7．________ the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.
A．Completing B．Having completed
C．To have completed D．To complete
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。由后半句“全体员工周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“为了及时完成那个项目”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
8．She asked me to help her，________she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase herself.
A．only to realize B．realized
C．realizing D．but realized
解析：选C。根据句子的意思分析，此处应该使用伴随状语，表示和asked同时发生的动作。而A项表示的是结果状语。
9．We had an anxious couple of weeks ________ for the results of the experiment.
A．wait B．to be waiting
C．waited D．waiting
解析：选D。We 与 wait 之间为主动关系，根据句意 wait 是“had”的伴随动作，故用现在分词形式。
10．It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding B．being found
C．to find D．found
解析：选D。find 与 things 之间是被动关系，可排除A、C两项；B项表示进行；D项表示完成，根据句意可知答案为D。
【写作要求】
《一个都不能少》是著名导演张艺谋执导的一部关于中国偏远山村小学的真实故事片。请根据下列要点写一篇简短的电影梗概：
1．学校唯一的老师高老师有事，村长让女孩儿魏敏芝代课；
写作专题突破
2．敏芝最重要的事情就是把孩子看好，一个也不能少；
3．班上最调皮的男孩儿逃课到了城里，敏芝想尽办法找男孩儿；
4．在好心人的帮助下，她上了电视，男孩儿看到哭泣的敏芝，最终回到了学校；
5．真人真事，纯朴感人，深受喜爱。
【要点词汇】
1. 导演v.____________/n.____________
2．电影明星____________
3．女/男演员____________/____________
4．在……里扮演角色____________
5．情节____________
6．观众____________
答案：1.direct；director 2.film star 3.actress/actor 4.play a part in... 5.the plot 6.audience
【句式结构】
1．故事发生在……
The story________________________...
2．许多人一定对张艺谋导演的《一个都不能少》很熟悉。
Many people must ________________________the film Not One Less ________by Zhang Yimou.
3．这部电影被许多观众所喜欢。
The film is ________by many ________.
答案：1.takes place in 2.be familiar with；directed
3．liked，audiences
【连句成篇】
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Review of Not One Less
Most Chinese film fans will be familiar with the film Not One Less，directed by Zhang Yimou，a wellk?nown film director.It is about the real story of a primary school in China’s remote mountain village.
The story goes like this：Mr. Gao，the only teacher of the school，has something important to do，so the village leader asks Wei Minzhi to take his place.The most important thing for Minzhi is not to lose any pupil from the school.Unfortunately，the naughtiest boy in her class runs away from school and goes to town.Minzhi makes every effort to look for him.With the help of kind people，she appears on television.The boy sees the crying Minzhi on television and finally he goes back to his school.
The film is liked by many audiences not only because it is simple and moving but also because the people in the film use their real names and play themselves.It is a really enjoyable film.
【类文点津】
1.整体思路：
在第一段简单引入电影《一个都不能少》及其导演，然后在第二段结合所给要点，适当补充细节，简要概述该电影的主要内容，要做到文章完整流畅。对该电影的评论不需要写得太多，但要言之有理，可从电影的拍摄风格、主题思想、社会影响和人们的相关评价等方面展开评论。
2．篇章结构：
影评也最好采取三段式。正如上面所谈到的，第一段简要引入《一个都不能少》，第二段根据要点提示对其主要内容进行适当描述，第三段则要进行恰当的评论。一定要确保各段落间的过渡自然流畅。
3．遣词造句：
细心观察图画，电影的英文名字是“Not One Less”。参考前面所谈及的话题词汇和句型，运用第三人称和一般现在时，不可忽视句子之间的过渡和衔接。力争做到表意清晰，语言流畅，切忌机械翻译。
Mark Twain，one of America’s greatest writers，①established his ②reputation for his great works.His novel，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn，③set in the USA in the l9th century，is in fact his ④biography rather than a ⑤fiction he had ⑥created.That is，his own life ⑦resembled the lives of the characters he ⑧made up.
词语串串练
As an ⑨adolescent，Mark Twain was ⑩determined to make his fortune. He set off from his hometown to South America.Unfortunately，he was forced to stay on a steamboat to work as a pilot for several years.Twain’s vivid and amusing accounts of life on the river still make people feel in the mood to read the novel now.The novel has won countless reviews in the world.Here is a part of this novel.
马克·吐温，美国最伟大的作者之一，通过他伟大的作品建立了自己的名声。他的小说《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，以19世纪的美国为背景，实际上是他的自传，而不是他创造的虚构小说。也就是说，他的生活类似于他所虚构的人物的生活。作为一名青少年，马克·吐温下定决心要赚大钱。他从家乡出发去南美洲。不幸的是，他被迫呆在—艘汽艇上当了好几年的引航员。吐温生动有趣的河上生活的描述现在仍然使人们想要去阅读这部小说。这部小说在世界上好评如潮。下面是其中的一个片段。
小说的主人公哈克和他的同伴吉姆逃跑了。他们在一艘木筏上沿着密西西比河顺流而下。因为大雨滂沱，他们呆在一个遮蔽物下，正在这时哈克看到河中间有一艘汽艇。他还听到一个男人愤怒的回答“你在撒谎”。吉姆感到既惊慌又害怕，而哈克感到有点好奇。他爬到汽艇上，看到一个有胡须的男子正在打一个被绳子捆着的人。哈克决定救这个受伤的人。他捉弄并且干扰了那个有胡须的人。这两个男孩和那个受伤的人将船划到了一个安全的地方。
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谢谢使用(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Study
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 a story which has no connection with reality
一个和现实没有联系的故事
品味经典
①Does smoking have connection with his lung cancer
吸烟和他的肺癌有关系吗？
②As I have a wide connection with the press，I can act as your advertising agent in this town.
我与新闻界有广泛的联系，我可以做你方在本市的广告代理人。
③The ability of space flight has much connection with the synthesis power of a country.
航天能力与一个国家的综合国力有很大的关系。
④Does that mean we have no connection with them
那是否代表我们跟这些人就没有关系？
⑤What connection do you have with those shipping companies
你们与那些船运公司有着什么往来关系？
自我探究
have connection with 意为“与……有联系，有关联”。
connection 前面可以加上a/some_/much/(a)little/no等各种不同的修饰词，表示不同的含义，如“与……有某种/一些/较多的/很少的/没有任何联系(关联)”等。当询问“是一种什么样的关系”时，多用what进行提问。
归纳拓展
⑥Your answer has no connection/nothing to do with the question.你答非所问。
⑦These two events were related to each other.
这两个事件相互有联系。
牛刀小试
As we all know，good health ________ diet.
A．is connected to B．connects with
C．connects to D．is connected with
解析：选D。句意：众所周知，健康与饮食有关。be connected with与……有关；be connected to被连接在一起。
2 a story in which a detective tries to solve a problem，such as identifying a murderer
一个侦探企图解决比如确认凶手等问题的故事
品味经典
①The government is trying to solve the problem of pollution.
政府正在解决污染问题。
②Each student should help each other to solve the difficulties in life and learning.
同学之间应该互相帮助，共同解决在生活中和学习中遇到的困难。
自我探究
solve 为及物动词，意为“解决”。后面相应的宾语多为problem，difficulty,_conflict，dispute等词。
归纳拓展
③There’s no easy solution to this problem.
解决这个问题没有容易的方法。
④It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。
易混辨析
solve，settle，answer
(1)solve解决问题，侧重的是给出一个答案。常跟的宾语有：problem，mystery，puzzle，difficulty等。
(2)settle表示“解决”时，其对象通常是某种争端。其宾语常是：argument，quarrel，matter等。
(3)answer 回答，解答，用于对口头问题的解答，后常接question。
牛刀小试
用solve，settle，answer 填空
(1)Help me to ________my financial troubles.
(2)As far as we’re concerned，the matter is ________.
(3)Do you think he will________your question
答案：(1)solve (2)settled (3)answer
3 a true account of the past
对过去的真实描述
品味经典
①The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
②There were several different accounts of the story in the newspapers.
报纸上对此事有几种不同的说法。
③My salary is paid directly into my bank account.
我的工资直接存入我的银行账户。
自我探究
account 为名词，意为“叙述，描写，报道”，常用于短语 give_sb.an_account_of_“向某人描述”。另外，作名词，account 还有“账户”的意思，“开户”用open an account 表示。
归纳拓展
④ I have never been there，but it is by all accounts，a lovely place.
我从来没有去过那个地方，人家都说那个地方很好。
⑤We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。
⑥When judging his performance，don’t take his age into account.
评定他的表现时，不要考虑他的年龄。
⑦That accounts for the delay of the train.
那就是火车晚点的原因。
牛刀小试
—I wonder why he has been acting so strangely these days.
—Recent pressure at work may ______ his behavior.
A．account for B．make for
C．change for D．stand for
解析：选A。account for对某事物做出解释，解释事情的原因。make for朝某方向移动，有助于(做)某事；change sth. for sth.用某物替换或代替某物；stand for为某物的缩写形式，代表，赞同。
4 Huckleberry Finn (or just Huck) is a teenage boy who has run_away from home.
哈克贝利·费恩是一个从家里跑出来的少年。
品味经典
①He broke the window and ran away.
他打破窗户逃跑了。
②He ran away from the prison though the enemy watched carefully.
尽管敌人看管得很紧他还是从监狱里逃跑了。
③You can’t just run away from the situation.
这事你不能只是回避。
自我探究
run away 意为“(秘密地)逃跑”，为动副结构。跟宾语时，还要加from。
Run away from some place突然离开(某地)；逃离(某地)；run away from sth.逃避/回避某事。
归纳拓展
④I ran across my old friend Joan in Paris last week.
上周我在巴黎遇见了老朋友琼。
⑤He ran after her，calling her name.
他叫着她的名字追赶她。
⑥We are running out of petrol.
我们的汽油快用完了。
牛刀小试
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)She turned and ran ________.
(2)The students run _________the classroom.
(3)I ran ________ some old letters when I was looking for something else.
(4)Don’t bother running ________ the bus；you’ll never catch it.
答案：(1)away (2)out of (3)across (4)after
5 To our astonishment，there was a light in one of the cabins.
使我们大为惊讶的是，有间船舱里还亮着一盏灯。
品味经典
①To my astonishment，the keys were in the door.
让我惊讶的是，钥匙竟然在门上。
②To our great delight，the day turned out fine.
令我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。
③To my great satisfaction，I was proved right.
令我非常满意的是，我被证明是正确的。
④To my surprise，the plan succeeded.＝What surprised me was that the plan succeeded.
我感到惊奇的是那计划竟然成功了。
⑤Much to his disappointment，the boss turned down the request.
让他很失望的是，老板拒绝了这个请求。
⑥To the great joy of my son，he passed the entrance exam.
让我儿子极为高兴的是，他通过了入学考试。
自我探究
to one’s astonishment 是介词短语，意为“使某人惊讶的是”，用作状语。to one’s 结构中的名词都是表示喜怒哀乐的名词，常见的有：joy，pleasure，regret，anger，disappointment，astonishment等。此结构中的名词前可以用great，deep等形容词修饰，也可在to 前加much，以加强语气。“to one’s ＋名词”可以改写为“to_the＋名词＋of_sb.”的形式，也可根据具体情况，使用what_引导的主语从句形式。
牛刀小试
Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，______to my surprise，he arrived on time.
A little B．much
C．ever D．even
解析：选B。考查程度副词。此处意思为“令我非常吃惊的是”。little很少；ever曾经；even甚至，均不合句意。故选B。
6 You’re lying.You said that last time.
你在撒谎，你上次说过了。
品味经典
①You could see from his face that he was lying.
从他的表情上你可以看出他在说谎。
②He was fired because he lied to his boss.
他因为对老板说谎被开除了。
③More than 8 in 10 students said they had lied to a parent about something significant.
10名学生中就有8名以上承认他们对家长撒过大谎。
④I always know when he’s telling lies.
他说谎话的时候我总是能知道。
自我探究
lie 用作不及物动词，意为“说谎”，其过去式和过去分词都是lied形式。表示“向某人说谎”用lie_to_sb.，另外，lie 还可作名词，表示“谎言”，构成短语tell_a_lie_/lies，反义词“讲实话”为tell_the_truth.
归纳拓展
⑤The town lies on the coast.该城镇位于海边。
⑥I lay awake all night，thinking of them.
我心里想着他们，彻夜未眠。
⑦The solution lies in alternative sources of power.
解决的方案在于找到替代能源。(朗文P1186)
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)躺在地上的小孩撒谎说他的公鸡下了一个蛋。
The little boy ________ on the ground ________ that his cock ________ an egg.
(2)躺在床上的那个人撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。
The man ________ in bed ________ that he had ______ the money on the table.
答案：(1)lying，lied，laid (2)lying，lied，laid
7 But although I was frightened，I also felt very curious，so I put my head round the door.
虽然我很害怕，但是我还是感到很好奇，所以就把脑袋贴到了门上。
品味经典
①I am curious to know how that old clock works.
我非常好奇，想知道那个古钟是如何运转的。
②The boy was curious about everything he saw.
那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。
③I’m curious whether he passed the exam.
我急切地想知道他是否通过了考试。
自我探究
curious 是形容词，意为“好奇的”。常用短语和结构有：be_curious_about_sth.，对……感到好奇；be_curious_to_do很想做；渴望做；be curious＋wh? 从句。
易混辨析
curious，anxious, eager
curious 强调好奇心态；anxious侧重“忧虑”；eager 作“渴望的，热切的”讲，强调一种积极向上的心态。I love those who know when it’s time to be serious and when it’s time not to be even it is an anxious time.As for me，I am curious about almost everything and always eager to learn.
我爱那些知道什么时候应该严肃认真，什么时候应该保持清醒头脑(即使是在焦虑状态下)的人，而我自己，则对几乎任何事情都心怀好奇，并随时渴望着去学习。
归纳拓展
④I’m full of curiosity about our new house.
我对我们的新家充满了好奇。
⑤The boy pressed that button out of curiosity.
那个男孩出于好奇按了按那个按钮。
牛刀小试
People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A．in B．at
C．of D．about
解析：选D。根据短语结构得出答案。be curious about意为“对……感到好奇”。
8 It looks as_if_it’ll go under soon.
看起来很快就要下沉了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看起来似乎要下雨。(的确有可能发生)
②He treats me as if I am (were) a stranger.
他待我好像我是陌生人。
③She looks as if she were drunk.
她看起来简直就像喝醉了似的。
④It seems as though he would leave for Shanghai.
他好像要动身去上海。
⑤He walked up and down as if (he was) worried.
他来回走动，似乎挺着急。
自我探究
as if＝ as_though“好像；似乎”，用来引导方式状语从句或表语从句。描述非现实情况时，as if/as though从句中用虚拟语气(表示现在用过去时，表示过去用过去完成时)；此外，若使用现在时，则是表达实际的事实关系；as if/as though从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。
牛刀小试
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it______ yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。
9 But I persuaded him to help me，and we found_the_men’s_boat_tied to the other side of the steamboat.
但是我还是说服他帮助我，我们发现那两个人的船就紧贴在汽艇的另一边。
品味经典
①When he returned from abroad，he found his hometown so changed that he couldn’t recognize it.
他从国外回来时，发现故乡变化如此之大，以至于无法辨认了。
②I found him reading a novel.
我发现他正在读小说。
③He found himself lying in a hospital bed.
他发现自己躺在医院的床上。
④The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.
老师常常让我把作文重写。
⑤I can make myself understood in French.
我说法语，别人能理解我的意思。
自我探究
本句中的tied to the other side of the steamboat为过去分词短语作宾语补足语，和宾语the men’s boat之间存在逻辑动宾关系。
动词不定式、v.?ing形式和过去分词都可以用作宾语补足语。
不定式作宾补一般表示将来的动作；
v．-ing形式作宾补一般表示正在发生的动作；
过去分词作宾补一般表示被动的、完成的动作。
牛刀小试
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A．speak B．speaking
C．spoken D．to speak
解析：选C。考查过去分词作宾补。句意：为了学好英语，我们应尽可能地找机会说英语。English和speak之间是被动关系，故感官动词hear后跟过去分词作宾补。
The Steamboat
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.Suddenly，by the light of the lightning，we saw something in the middle of the river.It looked like a house at first，but then we realized it was a steamboat.It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water.We were sailing straight towards it.
英汉对照
“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes.
“Let’s go and take a look，”I said.
“I don’t want to board a sinking ship，”said Jim，but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat，he agreed to go.So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat，keeping as quiet as mice.To our astonishment，there was a light in one of the cabins.Then we heard someone shout，“Oh please boys，don’t kill me！I won’t tell anybody！”
A man’s angry voice answered，“You’re lying. You said that last time.We’re going to kill you.”
When he heard these words，Jim panicked and ran to the raft.But although I was frightened，I also felt very curious，so I put my head round the door.It was quite dark，but I could see a man lying on the floor，tied up with rope.There were two men standing over him.One was short，with a beard.The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun.
“I’ve had enough of you.I’m going to shoot you now，”this man said.He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor.And it was a gun he had in his hand.
“No，don’t do that，”said the short man.“Let’s leave him here.The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and he’ll go down with it.”
When he heard that，the frightened man on the floor started crying.“He sounds as if he’s going to die of fright！”I thought.“I have to find a way to save him！”
I crawled along the deck，found Jim，and told him what I had heard.“We must find their boat and take it away，then they’ll have to stay here.”I said.
Jim looked terrified.“I’m not staying here，”he said.But I persuaded him to help me，and we found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.By then we were a safe distance away.But now I began to feel bad about what we had done.I didn’t want all three men to die.
汽船
后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。我们躲进了自己搭起来的避雨棚，让木筏顺流而下。突然间，借着闪电的光亮，我们看到河中间有东西。它一开始看上去像座房子，但后来我们意识到那是艘蒸汽船。它触礁了，一半沉在水里，一半露在水面上。我们的木筏正朝着它驶去。
“看起来它快沉了，”过了一会儿，吉姆说。
“我们去看看怎么回事儿。”我接着说。
“我可不想上一条要沉的船。”吉姆不同意，但当我提出我们可能会在上面找到些有用的东西时，他还是同意了。于是我们划了过去，蹑手蹑脚地，悄无声息地爬上了汽船。令我们大吃一惊的是，有间船舱还亮着一盏灯。接着我们听到人的嚎叫声，“哦，哥们儿，别杀我！我跟谁也不会说的！”
一个男人生气的声音回应道：“你在撒谎。上次你也是这么说的。我们要杀了你！”
吉姆听到了这些后，恐惧万分，向木筏跑了过去。而我尽管害怕，但也感到十分好奇，于是就把头凑向了那扇门。四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着，躺在地板上。有两个人围着他站着。其中一个是矮个，留着络腮胡子。另外一个是高个，手里拿着什么东西，看起来像是把枪。
“我受够你了！我现在就要毙了你，”那个高个说道。显然他就是刚才威胁躺在地上的人的那个人。握在他手中的确实是把枪。
“不，别这么干，”那个矮个说：“我们把他扔在这儿。这船过几小时就沉了，他也就跟船一起沉了。”
听到这话，那个在地上已被吓傻的人开始嚎哭。“听起来他就要吓死了，”我想。“我得设法去救他！”
我沿着甲板爬行，找到了吉姆，并告诉他我所听到的一切。我说：“我们必须找到他们的船并弄走它，然后他们就不得不呆在这儿了。”
吉姆看上去很害怕。“我不想呆在这儿，”他说。但我说服他帮我的忙，找到了他们拴在沉船另一边的小船。我们悄悄爬进了小船，当划着小船离开时，我们听到了两个人的吼叫声。而那时我们已安全地离开了。但现在我开始后悔那么做了。我不想让那三个人都死掉。
速效提能演练
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Section Ⅰ
Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1．What kind of books would you like to read and why
_____________________________________
2．Do you know something about The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
_____________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．One night，there was a big storm and it was raining hard.Huck and Jim stayed inside the shelter.Suddenly they saw in the river a steamboat.It had hit a rock.What happened later？Read the text and then find answers to the following questions.
(1)How did Huck and Jim get to the sinking steamboat
_____________________________________________
答案：They paddled.
(2)How did Jim get back to the raft
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：He ran.
2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)From the first paragraph，we found the steamboat ________.
A．stopped at the side of the river
B．had hit a rock and was on the way to sink
C．had hit a rock and had sunk under the river
D．sailing down in the middle of the river
答案：B
(2)Why did they get on the steamboat
A．Jim suggested that they should find something useful on the boat.
B．Jim was happy to get on a sinking ship because it was exciting.
C．I persuaded Jim to get on the ship because I think it might be useful.
D．We had to get on the ship because some one forced us to.
答案：C
(3)To our astonishment，we found on the steamboat that________.
A．there was a light in one of the cabins and two people were dead
B．there were some people fighting on the boat
C．two people wanted to kill another one in one of the cabins
D．nothing happened because we were frightened to get away from the boat soon
答案：C
(4)After leaving the steamboat，we decided to________.
A．find a way to save the man
B．leave as soon as possible because it’s so terrifying
C．save the three men by sending them another boat
D．steal their boat so that they sunk with the boat together
答案：A
(5)Why did “I” begin to feel bad about what they had done
A．Because the man on the floor looked terrified.
B．Jim didn’t want to stay there.
C．Because“I” found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.
D．“I” didn’t want all three men to die.
答案：D
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)What’s the main idea of the text
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
答案：It describes what Huck and Jim saw and what they did while they were sailing down the Mississippi River on a raft.
(2)Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one
It was clear that it was he who had said he would kill the man on the floor.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor.
Characters The events in the order they happen
Huck and Jim Both saw the steamboat，which hit a (1)________and was half in and out of the (2)________．
Both climbed onto the steamboat，keeping as quiet as (3)________．
Jim panicked and ran back to the (4)________．
Huck saw three men in a (5)________．
The three men on the (6)________ The tall man was pointing a (7)________at the man on the floor.
The (8)________man suggested leaving the man on the floor.
The man on the floor was frightened and started (9)________．
Huck and Jim Both found their boat tied to the other side of the steamboat and took away the men’s (10)________.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
答案：(1)rock (2)water (3)mice (4)raft (5)cabin (6)steamboat (7)gun (8)short (9)crying (10)boat
Step Four：Summary
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain1.____________ down.Huck and Jim stayed inside the2.____________and let the raft 3.____________down the river. Suddenly they saw a steamboat.They decided to 4.____________ on to the steamboat.When they heard a man’s angry voice，Jim5.____________and ran back to the raft.Huck saw three men in a 6.____________.The tall man was 7.____________a gun at the man on the floor.The short man suggested
8.____________the man on the floor.Huck had a plan.They found the men’s boat 9.____________to the other side of the steamboat and 10.____________ away to a safe distance.
答案：1.poured 2.shelter 3.sail 4.climb 5.panicked 6.cabin 7.pointing 8.leaving 9.tied 10.paddled
Step Five：Discussion
What do you think happens next
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
答案：Answers can vary.
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Section Ⅲ
Listening，Everyday English and Function & Culture Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 I decided to go to the next village and make_up a story about the steamboat.
我决定去下一个村子，并且编造一个有关这艘汽艇的故事。
品味经典
①I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children，so I made one up as I went along.
我想不出什么故事可讲给孩子们听，只好现编现讲。
②Twelve doctors make up the medical team.
＝The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.
医疗队由十二名医生组成。
③Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
农民只占人口的一小部分。
④She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party.
她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。
⑤We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.
我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。
⑥They had an argument，but they have already made up.
他们有过争执，不过现在他们已和解了。
自我探究
make up是动副结构的动词短语，在本句中意为“编造”，除此之处，还有“组成，占比例；化妆；铺床；和解”等意思。
归纳拓展
⑦We worked all day Saturday，to make up for the lost time.
周六我们全天工作，来弥补失去的时间。
⑧Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
孩子的遗失是不可弥补的损失。
牛刀小试
The driver started to speed up to ________ for the hour he had lost in the traffic jam.
A．keep up B．take up
C．make up D．catch up
解析：选C。make up for 的意思为“弥补”。句意为“司机开始加速来弥补交通阻塞耽误的时间。”
2 Who is it disturbing me at this time of night
在晚上这个时候到底是谁打扰我呢？
品味经典
①I’m sorry to disturb you with this question.
对不起，打扰你了，我有个问题请教。
②She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.
她轻轻地开门，以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。
③Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。
④She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident.
她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。
自我探究
disturb是及物动词，意为“打扰，搅乱，使不安”。后面可以直接加人或物作宾语。disturb_sb._with_sth.为常见结构，意思是“因……而打扰某人”。
易混辨析
disturb，interrupt，bother
(1)disturb含有“骚扰、使不安”之意，尤其是妨碍正在发生的事，还可指打扰睡眠、休息、工作等。
(2)interrupt是“打断、中断”的意思，一般指打断某人的讲话。
(3)bother通常表示用某事麻烦某人，一般与介词with或about连用。
⑤Don’t disturb the headmaster；he is busy.
不要打扰校长了，他很忙。
⑥Don’t interrupt when others are talking.
别人谈话时不要打断。
⑦Don’t bother with/about it.
不要为此事费心(烦恼)。
牛刀小试
完成句子
她打断我的话说：“我打扰你们一会儿行吗？我无意偷听你们的谈话，但是你们刚才所说的真的令我很不安。”
“May I ________ you for a moment？” She ________ me.“I didn’t mean to listen to your conversation，but what you two talked just now really ________ me so much.”
答案：disturb；interrupted；bother
3 Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create.
通常作家们所创造的人物与他们本人的经历相类似。
品味经典
①She resembles her mother in appearance.
她跟她妈妈模样很像。
②So many hotels resemble each other here.
这里的许多酒店看上去差不多。
自我探究
resemble 为及物动词，意为“与……相似”。相当于look_like或be_similar_to_，不用于进行时或被动语态。
resemble的常见短语有：sb./sth.resemble sb./sth.，A resemble B_in sth.(A与B在某方面相似)。
牛刀小试
Mary ________ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．resembles B．looks
C．seems D．appears
解析：选A。根据resemble ... in ...“和……在……方面相似”得出答案。句意：玛丽和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。
4 “Mark Twain”，which means “watermark two”，was a call used by sailors on the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water.
“Mark Twain”意思是“水深两尺”，是密西西比河上的水手在同伴要进入浅水区时发出的警告。
品味经典
①She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in the state.
已经警告过她，这样开车会有危险。
②He warned me against going outside alone at night.
他提醒我晚上不要单独出去。
③They warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison.
他们警告她说她再这么干就把她关进监狱。
④They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather.
已经劝过他们天气这么坏不要攀登那座山。
自我探究
warn是及物动词，意为“警告，提醒”。常用的结构有：
warn sb.that...警告某人……
warn sb.of_sth.警告某人某事
warn sb.against_sth.警告某人提防某事
warn sb.not_to_do_sth.警告某人不要做某事
warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事
牛刀小试
I had ______ her not to skate on the thin ice，but she won’t listen to me.
A．warned B．suggested
C．persuaded D．made
解析：选A。根据动词用法排除B、D两项，根据句子意思得出正确答案。
5 He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America，set_off from his home in Hannibal，Missouri，for New Orleans.
他很早辍学，青少年时期他决定到南美洲去碰一下运气，于是他从家乡密苏里州的汉尼拔动身去了新奥尔良．
(1)determined
品味经典
①He is determined to give up smoking.
他决心戒烟。
②He was determined that the same mistake would not be repeated.
他下决心不会再犯同样的错误。
③They have determined where the new school will be built.
他们已经决定在什么地方建这所新学校。
④We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工作。
⑤We determined on an early start/(that) we’d make an early start.
我们决定早些出发。
自我探究
determined 为形容词，意为“坚决的，有决心的”，常用于be determined to_do sth.或be determined ＋_从句结构中，表示“决心……”，相当于make_up_one’s_mind。其动词为determine相当于decide，意为“决定”，用于determine to_do sth.或determine on sth.。
(2)set off
品味经典
⑥They set off by car and made for the train station.
他们动身乘车前往火车站。
⑦He is so excited because he will set off for Europe next month.
他很兴奋，因为下个月他就要出发去欧洲了。
⑧Do be careful with those fireworks；the slightest spark could set them off.
对那些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
自我探究
set off 在本句中为不及物动词短语，意为“出发、动身”。跟目的地时，要在短语后使用介词for，相当于leave for。另外set off还可用作及物动词，意为“使……爆炸”。
归纳拓展
set about 开始做，着手做
set aside 把……放到一旁(以备后用)；留出，拨出
set out 动身，启程；着手
set up 建起；设立；设置
set in 以……为背景；到来
易混辨析
set about，set out，set off
(1)set about 是“开始做，着手做”的意思，后面接名词或者v.?ing形式。
(2)set out 除了表示“动身，出发”(也常与for连用)之外，还有“着手做”的意思，此时要与不定式连用。
(3)set off 是“出发，动身，启程”的意思。如果说“动身去某地”，通常说“set off for”。
If you really want to set about finding a solution to this tough matter，it is necessary for you to set out to take some actions before we set off for Europe.
如果你真的想着手寻找一个解决这个棘手问题的办法，那你就非常有必要在我们启程去欧洲之前着手采取些行动。
牛刀小试
(1)I walked out of cinema，________I’d never come back to this hell of a place.
A．determining B．determined
C．to determine D．determine
解析：选B。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。因determine在表示“决心做某事”时的结构为be determined to do sth.或be determined that...，所以此处用过去分词。
(2)We’d better get the rice planted before the wet weather ________.
A．set in B．set off
C．set out D．set up
解析：选A。此处set in表示“坏天气、冬天、疾病等”开始，发生，到来。
6 Forced to change his plans，he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat，taking passengers up and down the Mississippi，the great river which flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border，down to the Gulf of Mexico.
他被迫改变了计划，在一艘汽船上做了几年领航员，把乘客从密西西比河的上游带到下游，从下游带到上游——密西西比河是一条大河，发源于靠近加拿大边境的美国北部并最终注入墨西哥湾。
品味经典
①You can’t force others into accepting your ideas.
你不能强迫别人接受你的观点。
②Parents should not force their children to study.
家长不应该强迫自己的孩子学习。
③I have never forced my idea on you.
我从来不把我的想法强加于你。
④The thief forced the window open.
小偷破窗而入。
自我探究
force...on/upon sb.将……强加于……；force sb.to do...＝force_sb._into_doing sth.强迫某人做某事；force...open将……强行推(撞)开
归纳拓展
⑤The window was stuck，but father got it open by force.
窗户关得很死，爸爸用力才把它推开。
⑥He says he’s going to join the air force and become a pilot.
他说他想参加空军当个飞行员。
易混辨析
force，energy，power，strength
(1)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；(物理学的)力；军事力量。
(2)energy主要指人的精力，(物理学的)能。
(3)power权力，权势。
(4)strength着重指人的力气，体力。
牛刀小试
用power/energy/strength/force填空
(1)He has lost the________of speech.
(2)It’s a waste of time and ________.
(3)For a small woman she has surprising ________.
(4)The soldiers took the prisoners away by________.
答案：(1)power (2)energy (3)strength (4)force
7 He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only_to_find that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文地到达新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①He woke up only to find himself in hospital.
他醒来发现自己在医院里。
②When he hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.
当他匆忙赶到车站时，结果被告知车已开走了。
自我探究
本句中的only to find that there were no boats for South America为动词不定式短语作结果状语。表示“意外的，意想不到”的结果，而v.?ing作状语，表示“自然而然”的结果。不定式常用作目的状语，相当于in order to do 形式的用法。
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年江苏南京金陵中学高二检测)He hurried to the stadium without supper，________the football match he had been longing to watch was cancelled.
A．only to be told B．only telling
C．only to tell D．only told
解析：选A。句意：他没吃晚饭就匆匆忙忙赶往体育场，结果被告知他一直期待观看的足球比赛被取消了。
(2)He was busy writing a story，only ________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A．to stop B．stopping
C．to have stopped D．having stopped
解析：选B。此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：他在忙于写一个故事，只是偶尔停下来抽支烟。only在这里是连词“只是”。only/just ＋不定式用来作状语通常表示出乎意料的结果，而此句不是。
The Life of Mark Twain
Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create.Mark Twain，who wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，was no exception.To start with，the author’s name，Mark Twain，is itself an invention，or“pen name”. Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens.“Mark Twain”，which means “watermark two”，was a call used by sailors on the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water.
英汉对照
Like Huck，Mark Twain led an adventurous life.He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America，set off from his home in Hannibal，Missouri，for New Orleans.He wanted to take a boat to the Amazon，where he thought he could get rich quickly.He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.Forced to change his
plans，he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat，taking passengers up and down the Mississippi，the great river which flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border，down to the Gulf of Mexico.
Later he became a journalist and began writing stories about life on the river.Twain’s vivid and often amusing descriptions of life on the river quickly became popular，and established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America’s greatest writers.
马克·吐温的生活
作家的生活往往和他们塑造的人物很相似。写了《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和《汤姆·索亚历险记》的马克·吐温也不例外。首先，作者的名字，马克·吐温，本身就是创造的，或者说是“笔名”。吐温的真名是塞缪尔·克莱门斯。“马克·吐温”意思是“水深两英尺”，这是密西西比河上的水手们用来警告正在进入浅水区(安全通行)的同船水手们的口号。
像哈克一样，马克·吐温过着一种冒险的生活。他很早离开学校，青少年的时候，怀着到南美去发财致富的决心，从密苏里州的汉尼拔出发去新奥尔良。他想乘船去亚马逊，他认为在那里很快就会富起来。他身无分文，到达了新奥尔良之后却发现没有开往南美的船了。迫不得已他只好改变了计划，在一艘汽船上当了好几年领航员，主要是带着乘客进入或离开密西西比河，这条大河从美国北部的加拿大边界附近流向墨西哥湾。
后来他成了一名记者开始写有关河上生活的故事。吐温对河上生活生动形象的描写很快受到欢迎，这也确立了今天他仍然享有美国最伟大的作家之一的美誉的地位。
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Module 3
Adventure in Literature and the Cinema
教材背景链接
I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me.
—Jack London，American writer
我写作只是为了增加自身的美。
——美国作家 杰克·伦敦
名言佳句
There is a great difference between exposure of the mind and that of the body.
—William Hazlitt，British critic
表露思想和展露身体之间存在极大的不同。
——英国批评家 威廉·哈兹里特
类文欣赏
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的故事发生在19世纪三、四十年代的美国密西西比河中下游地区，故事中有平凡的小人物，也有伟大的英雄……
The Background Information of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is based on Mark Twain’s childhood.When he was a child，he always went to play on the farmland owned by his uncle John，who had 20 slaves.His uncle was kind，warm?hearted，and full of humor.He was not cruel to the slaves，but he could not allow them to be
free.During his time on the farm，Mark Twain made friends with Uncle Daniel，a black slave.He always liked to ask Uncle Daniel different questions. Uncle Daniel was hard?working and kind to Mark，and the other children.He often told interesting stories to Twain.At that time，Mark Twain felt very sorry for the slaves.He thought all men were born equal and people shouldn’t treat slaves badly.It was at that time that he became interested in literature，and began to dream of becoming a writer.The friendship with Uncle Daniel inspired him to write about freedom for slaves，although that was not yet a reality.
The publication of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was an important event in the development of American literature in the 19th century.Its subject matter of freedom and emancipation(解放)，and the friendship between the white child，Huck and the black slave，Jim，mark a turning point in social attitudes.In the story the white characters，Huck Finn，Tom Sawyer，and Tom’s aunt，all work together for the freedom of the story’s black character，
Jim.Huck could not bear living with his bad?tempered dad，who often beat him.Then he escaped from their house.After that，he met Jim，a black slave，who escaped from his owner.Then the two floated down the Mississippi on a raft.On their way，they met two swindlers (骗子) who sold Jim.Thanks to others’ help，Jim could go back.In this novel，the hero Huck wanted freedom and helped Jim be free.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an important cultural phenomenon，as well as a literary one.In 1984，Americans celebrated the centenary (一百周年) of its publication with a number of research projects.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn remains a popular work，both inside America and around the world.That popularity is likely to continue for a long time.
Answer the following questions：
1. Where did Mark Twain play during his childhood
____________________________________________
2. Why did Huck escape from his home
____________________________________________
Keys：1.On the farmland owned by his uncle John.
2.Because he could not bear living with his bad?tempered dad，who often beat him.
