(共7张PPT)
Module 4 Carnival
教材背景链接
Laugh，and the world laughs with you；weep，and you weep alone.
—E.W.Wilcox
笑，世界与你同笑；哭，你独自去哭吧。
——E.W.威尔克斯
名言佳句
Write it on your heart that every day is the best day of the year.
—Emerson
用心记住吧：每天都是一年中最好的日子。
——爱默生
类文欣赏
在巴西，最负盛名的节日当数狂欢节。而狂欢节中最精彩的是桑巴舞表演。热情的桑巴舞会让人们忘记一切烦恼。
Dancing in the streets
If there is one thing certain to get
Brazilians feel proud，it is the Rio
Carnival.
Held in Rio de Janeiro，the country’s
second largest city，the carnival began
on late February when the mayor gave
the key to the city to Rei Momo—the
Lord of Misrule (节庆主持人)．According to his orders，each year people turn the city into a paradise of dance and music.The following days are so fun of parades，street dancing，fantastic clothes and partying that many people forget about eating and sleeping.
“It was the passion of the carnival that attracted me to Brazil and made me settle down in Rio，”said Bob Nadkarni，a British man who has lived in the city for several years.For many Brazilians，the centerpiece of the carnival is samba (桑巴舞)，a typical Brazilian dance.
Every year，tens of thousands of visitors and locals show off their passion and energy in the streets following the beat of the Latin music.
The climax to this street party is the float (彩车) parade,
in which floats decorated with tons of fresh flowers by various samba schools and local communities move through the city.On the top of each float stands the candidate for the Drum Queen，who is chosen at the end of the party.
Carnivals began in ancient Rome as a celebration at which people fed wild wolves，in honour of the city’s founder who was said to have been raised by a she wolf.Brazil gave a new life to this tradition and so despite troubles，the carnival remains a symbol of the country’s culture.
Find the right words in the passage which match with the following explanations.
1．________：the most important，noticeable，or attractive part of something (in Para.3)
2．________：the most exciting part of a play，piece of music，etc.that usually happens near the end (in Para.4)
3．________：a person who is trying to be elected (in Para.4)
Keys：1.centerpiece 2.climax 3.candidate(共21张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1．Have you ever dressed up in special clothes
________________________________________
2．What do you do during Spring Festival
________________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．Carnival is very popular in western countries.
People enjoy themselves in Carnival.To know more about Carnival，read the text and then find answers to the following questions.
(1)Where does Carnival come from？What does it mean
_________________________________________
答案：Carnival comes from Europe，meaning “no more meat”．
(2)What’s your general impression of Carnival
_________________________________________
答案：Whenever you think of carnival，you maythink of crowds，costumes，and confusion.
2．Match the main idea with every paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A：the meaning of carnival and how it was celebrated
Paragraph 2 B：the law about wearing masks
Paragraph 3 C：general impression of carnival
Paragraph 4 D：how it is celebrated today in Venice and the feature of it
Paragraph 5 E：carnival in Venice and the problem it caused
Paragraph 6 F：the revival of the tradition of celebrating it
答案：1～6 CAEBFD
3．Scan the text and choose the best answer.
(1)At the beginning，the festival carnival was held ________.
A．to follow the tradition of Venice people
B．to enjoy themselves at the end of the winter season
C．to wear masks in order not to be recognised
D．to remember the two Latin words
答案：B
(2)The purpose of people wearing masks during the festival was that ________.
A．they wanted to add to the mystery of the festival
B．the poor wanted to act as rich and important people
C．they wanted to break the law without being punished
D．they wanted to have romantic adventures
答案：A
(3)Which of the following is TRUE about the ban of masks in Venice
A．People may wear masks only in the daytime. B．People were allowed to enter a church with masks on.
C．Few people were allowed to dress up as women.
D．Most people were allowed to carry firearms when wearing masks.
答案：A
(4)Which of the following is NOT true according to the text
A．People’s wearing masks makes carnival a more mysterious festival.
B．The spirit of carnival is different between France and America.
C．Wearing masks was banned when Venice became part of Austria.
D．Carnival is celebrated all over the world including Asia and Africa.
答案：D
(5)What is the key to the carnival in Venice
A．Music and movement.
B．Music and dance.
C．It can attract many foreigners.
D．The mystery of the masks.
答案：D
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)What’s your general impression of carnival
_______________________________________
答案：Whenever you think of carnival，you may think of crowds，costumes and confusion.
(2)What do people do at carnival
_______________________________________
答案：People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.They eat，drink and dress up.
(3)In what way is Venice carnival special
________________________________________
答案：It is the mystery of the mask that makes Venice carnival special.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Carnival Name It means“no more(1)________”.
Time It begins in(2)________followed by forty days without meat.
Activity People have fun eating，(3)________, and dressing up.
Venice
Carnival At the beginning It lasted for (4)________day.
People ate，drank，and wore masks.
Later It began just after (5)________.
For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks.
Venice
Carnival After the 14th century Men were not allowed to wear (6)________ at night；and they were not allowed to dress up as (7)________.
At the end of the (8)______ century Masks were banned completely，and carnival became just a memory.
In the
late 1970s Students began making masks and organizing parties.The festival was developed for (9)________.
Today Carnival is celebrated for five days in (10)________.The key to carnival in Venice is the mystery of the mask.
答案：(1)meat (2)Europe (3)drinking (4)one (5)Christmas (6)masks (7)women (8)18th (9)tourists (10)February
Step Four：Summary
When carnival began in Europe，people saw it the last 1.____________ to have fun at the end of the winter season.Having fun meant eating，drinking and dressing up.The most famous carnival was in Venice.At first，it 2.__________ for just one day. As time passed，the carnival period was 3.______. People walked around the street wearing masks，doing what they wanted without being4.________. Later，wearing masks was 5.________by law. Finally，at the end of the 18th century，masks
were banned completely.But in the late 1970s，the tradition was6.____________by students and the festival was developed for tourists.Today，carnival in Venice is 7.____________for five days in February.Hotels are fully 8.____________ and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful 9.____________.If the key to Rio is music and movement10.____________in Venice it is the mystery of masks.
答案：1.chance 2.lasted 3.extended 4.recognised 5．limited 6.revived 7.celebrated 8.booked 9．costumes 10.while
Step Five：Discussion
What are the differences between Chinese festivals and western festivals
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
答案：Answers may vary.(How is the festival celebrated What special food is eaten in the festival )
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共44张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．His bag was stolen yesterday.
2．Enough has been said about this question.
3．A new hospital will be built in our city.
4．My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
自我探究
上面几句话的谓语都使用了被动语态。构成形式为“be＋过去分词”，be的变化构成各种时态的被动语态。
讲解归纳
一、英语的及物动词有两种语态
主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是谓语动词的执行者；被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态由助动词be＋动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随主语有人称、数和时态变化。
被动语态的各种时态形式
一般现在时 is/am/are done 现在进行时 is/am/ are being done 现在完成时 has/have been done
一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done
将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/ should be done 将来完成时 will/shall have been
done
二、用法
1．不知道动作的执行者，或没必要说出或不愿或不便说出动作的执行者时。
The window hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.
窗户已有数星期没擦了。
You are wished to do it more carefully.
希望你做的更仔细些。
2．强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时。
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
鼓励除了经理外所有的雇员在家里上网工作。
3．当动作的执行者不是人时。
The children were all shocked by the death of their mother.
听到妈妈的死讯孩子们都震惊了。
三、被动语态的特殊形式
1．含有情态动词的被动结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
2．get＋过去分词为被动语态的变化形式，强调结果。
She got hurt last week.
她上星期受伤了。
3．双宾语结构用于被动语态时，通常将间接宾语变为主语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
4．使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等在主动语态中后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补；在被动语态中后跟带to的动词不定式。
(可简单记为：make，let与have，感官动词help，动词原形作宾补，被动语态要加to)
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
四、主动形式表被动意义
1．当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等系动词后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear,
cook，shut，dry，drink，wash等表示某种
性质时且带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。例如：
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来很香。
The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.那位作家写的书很畅销。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。
These cups clean easily.这些杯子很容易洗。
2．下面的短语经常使用主动语态：come out，come into being，go off，run out，give out，give in，belong to，happen，come true。
3．want，require，need，worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
These flowers want/require/need watering.
这些花需要浇水。
These books are worth reading.
这些书值得读。
4．在“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。例如：
This apple isn’t fit to eat.这个苹果不能吃。
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．Something____________(smell)burnt.Look around to see if anything____________(burn)
right now.
2．This invention________(make)two thousand years ago，but it__________still widely_______
(use)all over the world.
3．Everything____________(prepare)for Tom’s birthday party up till now and the birthday cake ____________(order)for him.
语法专练
4．A new cinema_______(build)here.They hope to get it________(finish)next month.
5．I_______(give)ten minutes to decide whether I should reject his offer.
答案：1.smells；is being burnt 2.was made；is；being used 3.has been prepared；has been ordered 4.is being built；finished 5.was given
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．I made my little brother a model ship last week.
A model ship________my little brother_____me last week.
答案：was made for；by
2．We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.
She_______often______________sing beautiful songs in the next room.
答案：is；heard to
3．Did he often help the old granny do the housework
________the old granny often______________ do the housework
答案：Was；helped to
4．A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
My wallet______________drop________a girl when she passed by.
答案：was seen to；by
5．You should correct your mistakes right now.
Your mistakes________________right now.
答案：should be corrected
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．I’m sorry，sir.Your recorder isn’t ready yet. It________in the factory.
A．is being repaired B．is repaired
C．has been repaired D．hasn’t repaired
解析：选A。用现在进行时表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作；it指代上文提到的录音机，与repair之间存在被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。
2．—Hi，Terry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon
—Sorry，________.
A．It’s repaired B．It has been repaired
C．It’s being repaired D．It had been repaired
解析：选C。题意：“嗨，特里，今天下午我可以用一会儿你的电脑吗？”“抱歉，我的电脑正在维修。”根据题意“电脑正在被维修”判断应用现在进行时的被动语态。
3．Would you please keep silent？The weather report________and I want to listen.
A．is broadcast B．is being broadcast
C．has been broadcast D．had been broadcast
解析：选B。题意：请保持安静好吗？正在播天气预报，我想听听。根据题意“天气预报正在被广播”判断，用现在进行时的被动语态。
4．Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the shop.
A．will give B．have been given
C．have given D．will be given
解析：选B。主句customers are asked to...是商店的规定，是经常性动作或行为，从句中时态应与主句保持一致，从而将A、D两项排除。从句中they指customers，the right change指“零钱”，找钱应是商店给顾客，顾客作主语时应用被动。
5．I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A．taught B．have taught
C．are taught D．have been taught
解析：选D。句意：我喜欢这些英文歌曲并且广播里也教过多次了。they指English songs，与动词teach是被动关系，故用被动语态；由many times提示可用现在完成时，故D项正确。
6．—What’s that noise
—Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machine_____.
A．was tested B．will be tested
C．is being tested D．has been tested
解析：选C。本题考查的是动词的语态。根据该句空格前面的主语The new machine可以判知，空格处应该使用被动语态。然后根据上文可以判知，该机器的检测应该是正在进行中，所以本题应该使用现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。
7．—Do you have any problems if you ______ this job
—Well，I’m thinking about the salary...
A．offer B．will offer
C．are offered D．will be offered
解析：选C。根据句子语境“如果给你这个工作”可知须用被动语态；再根据英语习惯，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的意义,答案选C。
8．—Your job ________ open for your return.
—Thanks.
A．will be kept B．will keep
C．had kept D．had been kept
解析：选A。句意：你的工作将被保留到你回来。根据句意，可判断说话者要给对方保留工作位置是将来的事情，故排除C、D两项；而keep与your job为被动关系，应选用被动语态,因此排除B项。
9．—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water ________.
A．have polluted B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
解析：选D。考查时态、语态及主谓一致。名词被quantities of修饰且作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式，故B、C两项不正确；水是被污染的，所以要用被动语态。故答案为D，现在完成时表示过去的动作(水被污染)或行为对现在造成的结果或影响(湖水的气味难闻)。
10．At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement ________.
A．has been reached B．had been reached
C．has reached D．had reached
解析：选B。根据题干可知，announce动作发生在过去，在此之前，reach动作已发生了，所以用过去完成时，排除A、C两项；reach为及物动词，agreement就是其宾语，所以用被动语态。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
你的外国朋友John对中国的节日很感兴趣，请你根据要点以王朋的名义发一封e?mail向他介绍一下你最喜欢的传统节日——春节。
【要点提示】
春节是中国的传统节日，是农历新年的开始。春节一般在一月和二月之间。
我们在春节可以聚在一起，谈论生活、工作等。我们可以品尝到美味的食品等。
注意：1.文章应写成一篇连贯的短文；
2．可以适当增减细节；
3．词数：120左右；
4．注意格式和习惯用语。
【要点词汇】
1．传统节日 ________________
2．聚在一起 ________________
3．谈论我们的生活、工作等 _______________
4．做美食 ________________
答案：1.a traditional festival 2.get together 3.talk about our lives，work and so on 4.prepare delicious food
【句式结构】
1．春节是在农历新年的第一天被庆祝的， 一般在一月和二月之间。
______________ of a new year according to the lunar calendar.______________ January and February.
答案：It is celebrated on the first day；It always comes between
2．我们会高兴地聚在一起谈论工作、生活等。
(使用分词结构)
We are all very happy to have the chance_____ our lives，work and so on.
答案：of getting together and talking about
3．我父母在除夕会做美食，我们全家会聚在一起，吃水饺等各种各样的食物并且一起观看电视。(使用并列结构)
My parents will prepare delicious food for us on the new year’s eve.The whole family will ____________，________________________.
答案：sit together；eat dumplings and all kinds of food，and also watch TV
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear John，
Spring Festival is a traditional festival of our country，and it is also one of the most important ones.It is celebrated on the first day of a new year according to the lunar calendar.It always comes between January and February.We usually have five or six days’ “holiday”．So the family members always come back home to spend it together.Every year in the Spring Festival，my
sisters and brothers come back with their children.We are all very happy to have the chance of getting together and talking about our lives，work and so on.My parents will prepare delicious food for us on the new year’s eve.The whole family will sit together，eat dumplings and all kinds of food，and also watch TV.
Spring Festival lasts about 15 days and people can have a good time.
Yours，
Wang Peng
【类文点津】
本文是电子邮件，其格式和书信基本相同，但不那么严格。一般有称呼，正文和结尾三部分。本文的正文部分是说明文，注意说明要有层次，要条理清楚。
Many countries have a traditional ①carnival，which isn’t a Christian festival.Today，carnival is an international ②multicultural experience.Most carnivals fall in February or March.The ③origins of carnivals are ancient.It dates back to Europe in the Middle Age.The most famous carnival in Europe is in Venice，where people can wear different ④costumes and ⑤masks，⑥dress themselves ⑦up as anyone，even ⑧ghost. They
词语串串练
use masks and costumes to ⑨hide their real identities，⑩pretend to be rich or poor men and do whatever they want to in the confusion.At the beginning，carnival in Venice only lasted for one day，later it was extended.This year，it lasted 10 days.Because someone did bad things，carnival was banned and became just a memory for many people.Carnival wasn’t revived until the late of 1970s by some students. The town
ouncil wanted to attract visitors to develop its business and trade，so carnival was developed again.Every year，large numbers of visitors come to Venice to take part in the great parade.If you want to go there，you must book the hotel in advance. Wandering through the crowded streets，you can enjoy the mystery of the mask and feel very relaxed.It’s said (that) the masks have miraculous magic.
许多国家都有一个传统的狂欢节，
它不是一个基督教的节日。今天，
狂欢节是一个国际性的多文化的
体现。大多数狂欢节在2、3月份。
它的起源很古老，可以追溯到中世纪的欧洲。欧洲的最著名的狂欢节在威尼斯，人们可以穿着不同的化装服，带着不同的面具，把自己化装成任何人，甚至是鬼。他们用化装服和面具掩盖他们的真实身份，假装是穷人或富人，趁着混乱做他
们想做的任何事情。起初，威尼斯的狂欢节只持续一天，后面被延长了。今年的狂欢节是10天。因为有人做坏事，狂欢节曾被禁止过，而它也成了很多人的回忆。直到20世纪70年代狂欢节才由一些学生复兴。市地方议会想吸引游客来发展它的商业和贸易，于是狂欢节又被发展起来了。每年，大量的游客来到威尼斯参加盛大的游行。如果你想去的话，你必须提前预订旅馆。漫步在拥挤的街道上，你可以享受面具的神秘，感到很轻松。据说面具具有神奇的魔力。
但你知道狂欢节的含义吗？据说为了开发新大陆——美国，数百万的非洲人被运来在农场和庄园里工作。同时，他们的文化和节日也被引进美国。1838年，当奴隶贸易被废除后，以前的奴隶和他们以前的主人们一起狂欢，因此狂欢节成了一个庆祝自由的庆典。现在，狂欢节已经成为联合不同社区团体的方式。
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共64张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Study
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 This festival is at the end of October，when “ghosts”come out.
这个节日在十月底，是“魔鬼”出来的日子。
品味经典
①It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came out.
事实真相在几个星期以后才得以披露。
②A second edition will come out next year.
第二版将在明年出版。
③The words came out in little more than a whisper.
这些话是悄悄说出来的。
自我探究
come out 在本句中，意为“出来”，还有：“出现，显露”“出版；开花；后来发现，结果是；说出，道出”等意思。come out是不及物动词。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
用come短语完成句子
(1)人类会说这么多种语言，这种情况是如何产生的呢？
How did it _____________ that humans speak so many different languages
(2)大家确实理解了你在会议上的观点。
Your point really _____________ at the meeting.
(3)我刚想提起水壶，壶把手就掉在我的手里了。When I tried to lift the kettle，the handle_______
_________in my hand.
(4)人们能在许多方面把一些想法综合在一起，并提出一些新观点。
People can put ideas together in many ways and can ________________________ new ideas.
(5)你知道地球是如何形成的吗？
Do you know how the earth ______________
答案：(1)come about (2)came across (3)came off (4)come up with (5)came into being
2 Having fun meant eating，drinking，and dressing up.
尽情玩乐就意味着吃、喝和盛装打扮。
品味经典
①We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day.
我们为参加学校的圣诞舞会而盛装打扮。
②I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
③The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。
自我探究
dress up为动副搭配的动词短语，意为“梳妆打扮”，后跟as/like表示“打扮成”；跟for表示“为……场合而打扮”；跟in表示“用……衣服装扮”。
归纳拓展
④He is smartly dressed in red when I saw him at the dinner.
我在宴会上见到他身着红衣，帅气十足。
⑤She dressed her son in uniform in a hurry，because he couldn’t dress himself.
她匆匆地给儿子穿上制服，因为他自己不会穿。
wear，have on，put on，dress，(be)in
(1)wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首饰、帽)等，以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。
(2)have on作“穿(戴)着”讲，同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。
(3)put on着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。
易混辨析
(4)dress既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。短语be dressed in表示状态，“穿着”的意思。
(5)(be)in＋“颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态，在句中作表语或定语。
牛刀小试
用dress，have on，put on，wear与be in的适当形式填空
(1)Since the accident he can’t feed or_________ himself.
(2)Today she is________________her necklace.
(3)He________________his coat and went out.
(4)He_______________a red T-shirt every day.
(5)The lady who________________white is our teacher of Chinese.
答案：(1)dress (2)wearing (3)put on (4)has on (5)is in
3 As time passed，however，the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.
但是随着时间的推移，狂欢节的时间延长了，这样一来，圣诞节一结束，它便开始了。
品味经典
①He extended his hand in greeting.
他伸出手来表示欢迎。
②The tourist season extends from May till October.
旅游季节从五月延续到十月。
③The road extends for miles.
这条路绵延数英里。
④The boss extended our holiday by four days.
老板把我们的假期延长了四天。
自我探究
extend既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“延续，延长(时间)；扩展，延绵(距离)”。
归纳拓展
⑤We’d like to extend a warm welcome to our French visitors.
我们对法国朋友的到来表示热烈欢迎。
⑥He extended an invitation to the evening party to the entire class.
他向全班同学发出邀请，参加晚会。
⑦You can extend your knowledge by reading books.
你可以通过读书来增长知识。
expand，extend
两者都有“扩大，增加”之意。
(1)expand侧重指“上下、左右、前后的面或体的伸展”。
(2)extend侧重指“长度、时间等方面的延伸”。
易混辨析
⑧Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时会膨胀。
⑨The hot weather extended to October.
炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。
【助记】
牛刀小试
At the request of audience，the show has been ________ for another six weeks.
A．delayed B．passed
C．expanded D．extended
解析：选D。句意：应观众要求，演出又延长了六周。
4 Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important，while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.Many crimes went unpunished.
普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行逃脱了惩罚。
品味经典
①He pretended to be friendly with us.
他装出和我们友好的样子。
②He pretended not to have heard about it.
他假装没听说过这件事。
③The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，学生们假装在读书。
④He pretended to have been punished by the teacher.
他假装受到了老师的惩罚。
⑤He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
他装病以便能呆在家里。
自我探究
pretend是及物动词，意为“假装”，其后的宾语可以接that引导的从句和动词不定式。表示“假装正在……”时用不定式的进行时；表示“假装已经……”时用不定式的完成时。
牛刀小试
The boy kept silent at the class meeting and___ to have known nothing about the matter.
A．determined B．applied
C．refused D．pretended
解析：选D。题意：在班会上那个男生保持沉默，假装对此事一无所知。pretend“假装”，符合题意。determine“决定”；apply“申请”；refuse“拒绝”。
5 The original Venice carnival came_to_an_end about 200 years ago.
最初的威尼斯狂欢节在200年前就完结了。
品味经典
①The meeting came to an end at last.
会议终于结束了。
②The world will come to an end when an icy winter seizes the earth.
一旦寒冷的冬天笼罩地球，世界末日就到来了。
自我探究
come to an end为动词短语，意为“结束”。
归纳拓展
③He brought his lecture to an end around ten o’clock.
他在10点左右结束了他的演讲。
④Let’s put an end to this quarrel.
我们结束这场争吵吧。
⑤Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我们总是在吵闹中结束比赛。
⑥Love is as smile start，as kiss grow，and end up with tear.
爱，起于微笑，浓于亲吻，逝于泪水。
⑦Chamberlain started with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.
张伯伦以损人的目的开始，以害己的结果告终。
牛刀小试
Susan’s birthday party was ________ success.We sang and danced until it came to ________ end at twelve.
A．a；the B．a；an
C．/；an D．the；the
解析：选B。考查冠词。第一空表示“一件成功的事”；第二空为固定短语come to an end“结束”。
6 Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.
酒店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上满眼都是华丽的盛装。
品味经典
①I’d like to book a table for 8 o’clock tonight.
我想订一张今晚八点的餐桌。
②Please book a double room for me.
请给我订一个双人间。
③I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday.
我预订了两张星期六的戏票。
自我探究
book为及物动词，意为“预订”，宾语主要是“房间、座位、票”等。
book，order
(1)book用于订票、房间、座位等。
(2)order用于订货物、饭菜、衣服等。
易混辨析
牛刀小试
用book，order的适当形式填空
(1)The lecturer is ________ for every night of this week.
(2)They are said to have________more grain from Canada.
(3)Mary has ________ a flight from New York to London.
答案：(1)booked (2)ordered (3)booked
7 As you wander through the streets，you see thousands of masks—elegant or frightening，sad or amusing，traditional or modern—but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.
当你走在街上时，你会看到成千上万的面具——优雅的或是恐怖的，悲伤的或是欢乐的，传统的或是现代的——但是你却不会知道面具后面是怎样的面孔。
品味经典
①The children wandered in the woods.
孩子们在树林里漫步。
②She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road.
她在路上信步来回遛达。
③The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do.
那些男孩无所事事，在镇上到处闲逛。
④Be careful not to wander from the subject.
注意不要偏离正题。
自我探究
wander是不及物动词，意为“漫步，闲逛”。后面常接back to，through，around，about，from等一些介词。
牛刀小试
With his mind ________，he didn’t catch even a single word of what the teacher was saying.
A．wondering B．wandering
C．was wondering D．was wandering
解析：选B。句意：由于他心不在焉，老师说的话他一个字也没有听清。with要求后面跟复合宾语形式，wander“走神”。
8 As time passed，however，the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.
但是随着时间的推移，狂欢节的时间延长了，这样一来，圣诞节一结束，它便开始了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①As time goes on，it’s getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
②As she grew older，she became lonelier.
随着年龄的增大，她越来越感到孤独。
该时间状语从句也可以用with time passing替换。
③As time went by，his theory proved to be true.
＝With time going by，his theory proved to be true.
随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。
自我探究
句中as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”的意思，表示主句和从句的谓语动词的动作同时发生。该状语从句也可以用with time passing替换。
易混辨析
when，while，as
三个连词都可以用来引导时间状语从句，侧重点有所不同。
(1)when用的最广，常可代替while和as。与while比较，when所引导的从句中，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。as在这一点上和when相同，while所引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的。
(2)当两个表示时间延续的动作同时发生而又具有对比意味时，通常用while，意为“而”。如教材32页中的这句话：
(3)在表示“一边……一边……”或表述两个发展变化中的情况时，常用as。
此外，while还表示让步，通常位于句首，意为“尽管；虽然”。
④While I agree with your reasons，I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。
牛刀小试
选用when，as，while填空
(1)当火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。
________ the fire broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly.
(2)随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。
________ you grow older，you will know better about yourself.
(3)爸爸在准备一个报告，而我在玩电子游戏。
Father was preparing a report ________ I was playing PC games.
答案：(1)When (2)As (3)while
单项填空
(4)—Are you ready for Spain
—Yes，I want the girls to experience that _____
they are young.
A．while B．until
C．if D．before
解析：选A。此题考查while的用法。while可以作“当……的时候，趁着……”讲，符合题意。答句句意：是的，趁着这些女孩年轻，我想让她们去体验一次。而until直到……才；if如果，是否；before从前，在……之前的意思，都不合题意。
(5)In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
A．but B．while
C．because D．though
解析：选B。句意：在有些地方妇女出去工作挣钱，而男人则在家做家务带孩子。while在该题中表示对比，用作并列连词。while这个词是近几年考查的热点，除了表示对比，还可以表示让步、时间等。因此要注意归纳并掌握其用法。
The Magic of the Mask
Think of carnival，and you think of crowds，costumes，and confusion.The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.
英汉对照
“Carnival” comes from two Latin words，meaning “no more meat”．In Europe，where it began，carnival was followed by forty days without meat，as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter.People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season.Having fun meant eating，drinking，and dressing up.
The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice.At the beginning，it lasted for just one day.People ate，drank，and wore masks.As time passed，however，the carnival period was extended，so that it began just after Christmas.For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks，doing what they wanted without being recognised.Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important，while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.Many crimes went unpunished.
The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem.Their use was limited by laws,
the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.Men were not allowed to wear masks at night；and they were not allowed to dress up as women.In later times more laws were passed.
People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask.If they broke the laws，they were put into prison for up to two years.Finally，when Venice became part of the Austrian empire，at the end of the eighteenth century，masks were banned completely，and carnival became just a memory.
But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.They began making masks and organising parties，and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists.The town council realised that carnival was good for business，and the festival was developed for tourists.
Today，carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun.Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.German，French and English seem to be the main languages.But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals.If the key to Rio is music and movement，then in Venice it is the
mystery of the mask.As you wander through the streets，you see thousands of masks—elegant or frightening，sad or amusing，traditional or modern—but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.Nobody takes them off.If the masks come off，the magic is lost.
面具的魔力
想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。热闹的场面在不同的国家会有所不同，但人们的兴奋程度在各地都是相同的。
“狂欢节”这个词是由两个拉丁词演变而来的,意思是“禁肉食”。在欧洲，狂欢节的起源地,狂欢节过后会有40天不吃肉的日子，因为人们准备迎接基督教的节日——复活节。人们把狂欢节视为冬天结束前的最后一次享乐的机会。尽情地享乐意味着吃、喝和乔装打扮。
欧洲最著名的狂欢节是在威尼斯。最初，狂欢节只持续一天。人们吃啊，喝啊，并戴上面具。随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间长了，圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。接连几个星期，人们戴着面具走街串巷，为所欲为而不会被认出来。普通人可以装阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫的奇遇。很多罪行都逃脱了惩罚。
政府意识到戴面具已成了一个问题。于是面具的使用就受到了法律条文的限制，这最早可以追溯到14世纪。男子不准在夜间戴面具，并且不能假扮女性。之后，更多法律条文出台。戴面具者不得携带火器，不得进入教堂。如果违反这些法律将被判入狱，刑期可长达两年。最后，在18世纪末，当威尼斯成为奥地利帝国的一部分时，面具被完全禁止了，狂欢节变成了一种记忆。
但在20世纪70年代后期，这个传统又被学生恢复了。他们开始制作面具，并组织聚会，向游人扔许多小片的彩色纸屑。市镇议会觉得狂欢节创造了一定商机，因此，狂欢节得以发展，以吸引更多的游客。
如今，威尼斯狂欢节的庆祝活动在二月进行，历时五天。来自欧洲各国的人们在此尽情娱乐。旅店被订满，狭窄的街道挤满了身着各种华美服饰的人们。德语、法语和英语似乎成了主要语言。
但威尼斯狂欢节的本质与美洲狂欢节有所不同。在里约热内卢，狂欢节主要是音乐和游行，而在威尼斯，则是神秘的面具。走在街上，你能看到成千上万的面具——高雅的或可怕的，忧伤的或有趣的，传统的或时尚的——你并不知道面具后面的那张面孔长得怎样。没人把面具摘下。如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共58张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function & Culture Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 a food that consists of a tube of skin containing meat mixed with herbs
一种由肉和香料混合组成的管状食品
品味经典
①The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations.
联合国组织由一百六十多个国家组成。
②Our class consists of 50 students.
＝Our class is made up of 50 students.
我们班是由50个学生组成的。
自我探究
consist of(＝be made up of)意为“由……组成(表示由几部分组成一个整体)”，无被动语态及进行时态。
归纳拓展
③Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.
幸福不在于你拥有多少私人财产。
④The report does not consist with the fact.
那报道与事实不合。
⑤The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.
威尼斯的美很大程度上在于它的古建筑物的风格。
易混辨析
consist of，make up，be made up of
(1)consist of＝be made up of由……组成，不用于被动语态。相当于include的意思。
(2)make up组成……，占(比例)，为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。
牛刀小试
用consist of，make up，be made up of填空
(1)这个俱乐部有200多位会员。
This club ___________ more than 200 members.
＝This club __________ more than 200 members. ＝More than 200 members __________ this club.
(2)妇女只占囚犯的很少部分。
Women ___________ only a small number of the prison population.
答案：(1)consists of；is made up of；make up (2)make up
2 In fact，there aren’t any spectators—everybody who is here is part of the celebrations.
事实上，没有任何旁观者——这里的每个人都是庆祝活动的一部分。
品味经典
①His birthday celebration went on all day.
他的生日庆祝活动持续了一整天。
②We held a celebration yesterday.
昨天我们举行了一场庆典。
自我探究
celebration为可数名词，意为“庆典，庆祝”,表示对某一事件、节日的庆贺。
归纳拓展
③A grand party was held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of our motherland.
为庆祝祖国成立六十周年，举办了盛大的晚会。
④Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago.
两天前汤姆庆祝了他24岁生日。
celebrate，congratulate
(1)celebrate指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等，一般指祝贺某件事情。
(2)congratulate指对个人经过努力获得成功的祝贺，以言语表达祝贺之意，一般是祝贺某人。结构为：congratulate sb.(on sth.)。
Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University，and his friends congratulated him on it.
李明举行了一个聚会庆祝被清华大学录取，他的朋友们都祝贺他。
易混辨析
牛刀小试
用celebrate，congratulate的正确形式填空
(1)我们举行宴会来庆祝他的生日。
We ________ his birthday with a party.
(2)她祝贺他获得成功。
She ________ him on his success.
答案：(1)celebrated (2)congratulated
单项填空
(3)On October 1st all the Chinese people hold great parties ________ the birthday of New China. A．in celebration of B．in memory of
C．in favor of D．in praise of
解析：选A。考查介词短语。意为“为庆祝新中国的生日”。
3 Calypso is great－it’s exciting and relaxing at the same time!
卡吕普索太棒了——它能让你既兴奋又放松！
品味经典
①I find stamp collecting is relaxing and it takes my mind off my work.
我觉得集邮是一种休息，因为它可以使我的注意力从工作中转移开来。
②We spent a relaxing evening together.
我们一起度过了一个轻松的夜晚。
自我探究
relaxing是形容词，意为“令人放松的；使人懒洋洋的”，表示主语“物”的性质。
归纳拓展
③A holiday will help you relax after your exams.
考试之后放个假有助于缓解紧张情绪。
④These pills will relax you and make you sleep.
这些药丸对你有镇静和催眠的作用。
⑤He looks relaxed about the serious matter.
对于这个严重的事情，他看起来很轻松。
⑥Fishing is my favourite relaxation.
我最喜欢的消遣是钓鱼。
牛刀小试
用relax，relaxed，relaxing，relaxation填空
(1)The talk went on in a ________atmosphere.
(2)We must not________in our efforts.
(3)I play golf for________.
(4)I am not used to the ________weather here.
答案：(1)relaxed (2)relax (3)relaxation (4)relaxing
4 This marked the beginning of the slave trade.
这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。
品味经典
①His new film marked a major advance in cinematic techniques.
他的新电影标志着电影技术的巨大进步。
②I have twenty essays to mark tonight.
今晚我有二十篇文章要评阅/批改。
③Prices are marked on the goods.
价格标在商品上。
④Mark the furs with their place of origin.
为这些皮毛标上产地。
自我探究
(1)mark在此为及物动词，意为标志(着)后一般接名词(短语)作宾语，相当于make known或show。 (2)mark作动词，可以表示“标记、标上，在……留记号”。常用的形式是mark...on，或A be marked with B，表示“用B标记A”；也可以表示给……打分；批改……。
归纳拓展
⑤Who made these dirty marks on my new book
谁把我的新书弄上了这些污迹？
⑥Good manners are the mark of a civilized person.
彬彬有礼是文明人的特征。
⑦He got a mark of 95 instead of 100.
他得了95分，而不是100分。
⑧On the day of the funeral，business remained closed as a mark of respect.
葬礼那天，各行业都停业以示敬意。
牛刀小试
(2011年济宁一中高二调研)When you read a book，you’d better make a mark ________ you have some questions.
A．which B．that
C．where D．what
解析：选C。考查状语从句。where引导地点状语从句，修饰谓语动词make a mark。而定语从句的引导词要在从句中作句子成分，which或that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
5...when the trade was finally stopped...
……当(奴隶)贸易停止的时候……
品味经典
①Developing foreign trade is very important for our country.
发展对外贸易对我们国家来说非常重要。
②China does a lot of trade with many countries. 中国和许多国家进行多方面的贸易。
自我探究
trade在本句中作名词，意为“贸易；买卖”。“做生意”的短语为do trade with...。
归纳拓展
③I traded my watch for a bike.
我用手表换了一辆自行车。
④They traded in coal and made a lot of money.
他们做煤炭生意，赚了很多钱。
⑤Salesmen traded the new products all over the country.
推销员们在全国各地推销这些新产品。
⑥Britain built up her wealth by trading with other countries.
英国通过与其他国家做生意积累起本国的财富。
6When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
当1838年奴隶贸易被废除时，昔日的奴隶们沿袭了狂欢节这一风俗。
品味经典
①The local people took over the old custom.
当地居民承袭了这一古老的风俗。
②When she fell ill her daughter took over the business from her.
她患病期间生意曾由她女儿代管。
③Will you take over the driving when we reach Madison
等我们到达麦迪逊后，你来接着开车，好吗？
自我探究
take over意为“接管，接手，接替”，其中over为副词。
归纳拓展
④These books must not be taken away from the library.
这些书不准带出图书馆。
⑤Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years.
家庭电脑的销售量近年来上升很快。
⑥This table takes up too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
⑦After being rebuilt，the old temple takes on a new look.
重修之后，古庙呈现出新貌。
⑧Anything you say may be taken down and used as evidence against you.
你说的每句话都可能被记录下来用作指控你的证据。
牛刀小试
Who do you think will ________now that the general manager has resigned
A．take over B．take up
C．take in D．take off
解析：选A。考查短语动词辨析。句意：既然总经理已经辞职了，你认为谁将接任？take over接管；接任。
7 If possible，record yourself as you speak，and compare...
如果可能的话，把你自己的发音录下来，然后对照……
句型巧析
品味经典
①I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if possible.
如果可能的话，我想避开交通高峰期。
②If (it is) necessary，you can refer to the dictionary.
如果必要的话，你可以查阅词典。
③He may not be at home then.If so(＝If he is not at home)，leave him a note.
他那时可能不在家，如果这样的话，给他留张便条。
④Get up early tomorrow.If not(＝If you don’t get up early)，you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床，如果不那样的话，你将会错过头班车。
⑤I don’t suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any.
我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。
自我探究
(1)if possible表示“如果可能的话”，它实际上是一个省略句，等于If it is (was) possible。 (2)当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，有时把it和be省略。
牛刀小试
—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday
—Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever B．If busy
C．If anything D．If possible
解析：选D。句意：“对于即将到来的假期你有什么特别的计划吗？”“有。如果可能的话,我打算去拜访一下城市里的一些敬老院。”
8 ...they painted their faces white，imitating their masters and making fun of them.
……他们把脸涂白，模仿他们的主人来取笑他们。
品味经典
①A few minutes later everybody is quiet，listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
过了几分钟，大家都静下来，听着这个喜剧演员的台词陷入沉思。
②Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。
③The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。
自我探究
本句中imitating their masters and making fun of them为v. ing形式做伴随状语。伴随状语的动作一般和谓语动词的动作同时发生。
④On Saturday afternoon，Mrs.Green went to the market，bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市场买了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表弟。
⑤She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就动身了并在一小时后到家。
并列谓语表示几个并列的动作连贯发生，没有主次。这时动词的形式要一致。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
Realizing I would be late，I quickly dressed my son and，________ my bag，went to work.
A．carried B．having carried
C．to carry D．carrying
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构可知，and连接的是两个并列谓语动词dressed和went，而carrying my bag在句中作状语。
The Meaning of Carnival
Carnival today is an international，multicultural experience.But how did it become so？To understand what carnival is all about，we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of two cultures—European and African.
译文助读
The arrival of Europeans in America，and the opening of huge farms and plantations to grow cotton，fruit and vegetables，meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them.This marked the beginning of the slave trade.For more than two hundred years，until the beginning of the 19th century，when the trade was finally stopped，millions of people were taken by force from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves.Six million were taken to the Caribbean islands where there were British and French landowners.
Naturally，the Europeans also imported their own festivals.So the slaves were forced to watch as their masters celebrated carnival with food，drink，and masked dances.In Trinidad，the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations：they painted their faces white，imitating their masters and making fun of them.But at the same time they were continuing their own African traditions—such as walking round a village wearing masks and singing—a custom which they thought would bring good luck.
When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.It became more colourful and more exciting than it had been before.Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands created.Carnival became a celebration of freedom.
With the passing of time，the white inhabitants of the island began to take part in the carnival，too—and they were welcomed by their former slaves.Carnival became a way to unite different communities，as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed themselves eating，drinking，and dancing.Today，visitors from all over the world come to this small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun.Carnival has become a celebration of life itself.
狂欢节的意义
今天的狂欢节是一种国际性的多元文化的体验。但它是如何变化成这样的呢？为了理解有关狂欢节的情况，我们需要看看美国的历史和两种文化——欧洲文化和非洲文化的融合。
欧洲人到了美洲，开辟了栽种棉花、水果和蔬菜的大农场与大种植园，这意味着急需干活的人手。这也标志着奴隶贸易的开始。直到19世纪初奴隶贸易被最终禁止的时候有二百多年了,这期间上百万的人被迫离开非洲老家，被运送到新大陆当奴隶。六百万人被带到加勒比岛上,在那里有英国和法国地主。
自然，欧洲人也引进了他们自己的节日。因此当奴隶们的主人用食物、饮料和戴面具的舞蹈来庆祝狂欢节的时候，奴隶们也被迫观看。在特立尼达岛，奴隶们开始举行自己的狂欢节庆祝活动：他们把他们的脸涂白，模仿他们的主人来取笑他们。但同时，他们也继续他们自己的非洲传统——比如戴面具绕村子行走和唱歌——他们认为这是一个能带来好运的传统。
当奴隶贸易在1838年被废除的时候，以前的奴隶延续了这个节日。它变得比以前更丰富更让人兴奋。耀眼的服装被做出来，乐队也建立起来。狂欢节变成一种自由的庆祝。
随着时间的推移，岛上的白人也开始加入到这个活动中——并且他们也受到先前奴隶的欢迎。狂欢节变成一种联合不同社区团体的方式，因为人们忘记了日常问题而尽情享受着吃、喝、舞蹈的乐趣。今天，世界各地的参观者都来到加勒比海的这个小国家来享受这份乐趣。狂欢节本身已经变成一种对生命的庆祝。
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