(共71张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language study
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1The Chinese and Russian governments have created the reserve to help save the tiger’s natural habitat.
中俄两国政府已设立了保护区来保护老虎的自然栖息地。
品味经典
①It’s a nature reserve.
这是个自然保护区。
②I believe your story without reserve.
我毫无保留地相信你的话。
自我探究
reserve作“自然保护区”讲时，为可数名词；表示“保留”的意思时，为不可数名词。介词短语without_reserve意为“毫无保留地”；in reserve意为“储备，待用”。nature reserve自然保护区。
归纳拓展
③I have reserved a room for you at the hotel.
我已经在旅馆为你预定了一个房间。
④These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled.
这些座位是留给老人和残疾人坐的。
易混辨析
reserve，preserve，keep
(1)reserve保留，储备，以备特殊用途
(2)preserve保护，保藏，防止受到危害或毁坏
(3)keep为常用词，指“使继续下去”“使较长时间地保持某一状态”。
牛刀小试
选用reserve，preserve，keep填空
(1)他们把这一地区用作野生动物保护区。
They ________ this area for wildlife.
(2)盐能用来保存食物。
Salt can be used to ________ food.
(3)留点力气准备攀登吧。
________ your strength for the climb.
(4)你最好保持室内清洁。
You’d better ________ your room clean.
答案：(1)reserved (2)preserve (3)Reserve (4)keep
2...more than 12,000 animal species are now in_danger.
……现在有12000多种物种处于(灭绝的)危险中。
品味经典
①The doctor is trying his best to save the old man in danger.
医生正在抢救生命垂危的老人。
②You are in danger of catching a cold if you don’t take any medicine.
如果你不吃药，就有感冒的危险。
③Doctors said she is out of danger now.
医生说她现在已经脱离危险了。
自我探究
in danger为介词短语，意为“处于危险中”，名词前不使用冠词；加of表示某种危险。
④The two countries live together in peace.
这两个国家和平相处。
⑤I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination.听说我通过考试了，我如释重负地笑了。
易混辨析
in danger，dangerous
(1)in danger在危险之中，指主语处于某种危险之中。
(2)dangerous危险的，指所修饰的人或物给别人或别的事物带来危险，会伤害别人或别的事情。
⑥She was sick and in danger (of losing her life)．
她病危(有丧失生命的危险)。
⑦This river is dangerous to swim in.
在这条河里游泳很危险。
牛刀小试
用in danger与dangerous填空
(1)Children’s lives are________every time they cross the road.
(2)The traffic here is very________for children.
答案：(1)in danger (2)dangerous
3an area of land where animals are protected
动物受到保护的地方
品味经典
①Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from being hurt by the sun.
戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。
②The house is small but it can protect you against the cold.
房屋虽小但能保护你不受寒冷。
自我探究
protect为及物动词，意为“保护”。经常和from搭配，构成短语protect...from...，意为“使……免受……”。from也可以改为against。
③Many British wild animals are now under the protection of the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
英国许多野生动物现在都受到《野生动物和乡野法》的保护。
④Helen’s thin coat gave little protection against the cold.
海伦单薄的外衣几乎不能御寒。
易混辨析
protect，prevent，defend，guard
(1)protect指采取保护措施,使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、寒冷、烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律权益等。
(2)prevent表示“防止，阻止”，不让某事发生。
(3)defend表示“保卫”，指抵御或击退外来的威胁或侵略。
(4)guard“站岗，警戒”，指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全。
牛刀小试
选用protect，prevent，defend，guard填空
(1)他抬起胳膊，来保护孩子不受伤害。
He raised his arm to ________ his child from being hurt.
(2)没有人能阻止他做这样的事情。
No one can ________ him from doing such things
(3)军队保卫我们的国家免遭攻击。
The army is to ________ our country against attack.
(4)狗守卫着房屋，不让陌生人进入。
The dog ________ the house against strangers.
答案：(1)protect (2)prevent (3)defend (4)guarded
4But in the 1990s the shawls came_into_fashion among rich people.
但在二十世纪九十年代披肩开始在富人中流行起来。
品味经典
①Long skirts have come into fashion again.Faded jeans are still in fashion too.
长裙子又流行起来。漂浅的牛仔裤也还很时髦。
②New things come into fashion all the time.
新产品总是很快就会流行起来。
自我探究
come into fashion为动词短语,意为“开始流行”。介词短语in fashion意为“在流行”，反义词是out of fashion。这些短语中fashion前都不用冠词。
归纳拓展
③How did the earth come into being
地球是如何形成的？
④When do the new safety rules come into force/effect
新的安全规则何时生效？
⑤The new road will come into use soon.
新马路马上就可以通车了。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Waved hair has ________________________(流行)again.
(2)This kind of clothes__________________________(过时了)．
答案：(1)come into fashion (2)is out of fashion
5Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes_at_a_time，leaving only the babies...
那些偷猎者常常是夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些……的幼崽。
品味经典
①Don’t try to do everything at once；take it a bit at a time.
不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。
②You can borrow two books at a time.
每次你可以借两本书。
自我探究
at a time是介词短语，意为“一次，每次”，注意不定冠词的使用。
③This used to be a very pretty valley at one time.
这里曾经是一处非常美丽的山谷。
④At no time did I tell you that you could use my car.
我从没告诉过你，说你可以用我的车子。
⑤Identification badges must be worn at all times.
表示身份的徽章必须随时佩戴。
牛刀小试
Experts have been warning________of the health risks caused by passive smoking.
A．at a time B．at one time
C．for some time D．for the time
解析：选C。考查与time有关的固定搭配。at a time“每次，在某个时刻”；at one time“同时，曾经”；for some time“一段时间”。
6...whose wool is not worth so much.
……它们的皮毛不值线。
品味经典
①This book is well worth reading a second time.
这本书非常值得再读一遍。
②Our house is worth about 60,000 pounds.
我们的房子约值60000英镑。
③I paid only 3,000 pounds for this used car but it’s worth a lot more.
我只花了3000英镑就买下了这辆旧汽车，其价值远不止这些。
自我探究
worth为形容词，意为“值……”，后面可跟名词或v.?ing形式。注意跟v.?ing主动式表被动意思。表示“非常值得”，worth前加well，不能使用very。
牛刀小试
(3)这本书值得一读。
It is worthwhile to read/reading the book.
＝It is worth our while ________________ the book.
＝It is worthwhile for us ____________ the book.
答案：(1)considering；worthy of (2)being seen；be seen (3)to read/reading；to read
7The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.
工作在保护区的政府官员们得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔5000米以上恶劣环境的志愿者们的支持。
品味经典
①I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.
我已多年没运动了，现在健康状况欠佳。
②Under normal conditions，people will usually do what requires least effort.
正常情况下，人们通常做少费劲的事情。
③Housing conditions for blacks in Birmingham were bad.
伯明翰黑人的居住条件很差。
④We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
自我探究
condition常用作复数形式，意为“情况；环境；条件”。on condition that引导条件状语从句，意为“在……条件下”。
易混辨析
condition，situation，state
condition，situation与state都有“状况”之意，但用法各有侧重。
(1)condition意为“条件；情况；状况”，其单数形式指人或事物所处的状态，表示这个意义时，可与state互换。它还强调由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、事物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。其复数常指一般的、笼统的情况。
(2)situation指在一定时间内由各种情况造成的处境、形势，也可指语境、情景。
(3)state可指人或事物所处的状态和状况，可与condition互换。此外，它还可表示思想、感情、心理等状态。
⑤Whether I’ll go depends on the condition of my health.
我去与否取决于我的健康状况。
⑥Under the present state，he can keep up with the class.
在目前状态下，他能够赶上其他同学。
⑦He found himself in an embarrassing situation.
他发现自己处于尴尬的境地。
牛刀小试
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ________.
A．states B．conditions
C．situations D．positions
解析：选C。state状态、情况、状况；condition情况，条件；situation处境，局势，形势；position位置，职位，地位。此处指危险的处境，故选situation。
8Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.
同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。
品味经典
①She’s due to arrive on Thursday.Meanwhile，what do we do
她预定星期四到达。这期间我们做什么呢？
②I went to college.Meanwhile，all my friends got well paid jobs.
我上大学去了。同时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。
③In the meanwhile, I’ll visit an old friend of mine.
在这期间，我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。
自我探究
meanwhile是副词，意为“同时”，相当于at the same time，不能引导从句；介词短语in the meanwhile＝in the meantime，意为“在这期间”。
牛刀小试
The incomes of skilled workers went up.______，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise
解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：熟练工的收入在增加，与此同时，不熟练工人的收入却在下降。语意表示“与此同时”，故选C项。moreover再者，而且；therefore因此；otherwise否则。
9Although_surprised，the poachers had an advantage－there were more of them.
尽管偷猎者们很吃惊，但他们占有优势——他们人多。
句型巧析
品味经典
①Though young，he had to live on himself.
虽然年纪轻轻，但他只得自己养活自己。
②Although hard working，he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。
③When published，the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
④When in doubt，please consult a dictionary.
有疑问的时候，就请查询字典。
⑤Though a young man，he has made several inventions.
虽然还是个年轻人，他已经有好几项发明了。
自我探究
although surprised是状语从句although_they_were_surprised的省略形式。在if，when，though，although，as，as if等引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。
牛刀小试
—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order ________.
A．as told B．as are told
C．as telling D．as they told
解析：选A。句意为：“谁应该对这场事故负责？”“那位老板，而不是工人。工人们执行命令而已。”as引导非限制性定语从句，含义为“按照”，as told中省略了they were。
10International co operation seems to be working.
国际合作似乎正在进行。
品味经典
①But today the government seems to be winning the battle.
＝But today it seems that the government is winning the battle.
如今，政府似乎正在赢得这场战争。
②The stars seemed to have moved.
＝It seemed that the stars had moved.
恒星似乎已经移动了。
③He seems to be reading in bed.
＝It seems that he is reading in bed.
他似乎正在床上读书。
④He seemed to be happy at the good news.
他似乎对这个好消息感到高兴。
自我探究
本句话为seem跟动词不定式形式作宾语，在使用时，要注意动词不定式的时态。一般式to_do(一般动作，和谓语同时发生)；进行式to_be_doing(谓语发生时该动作正在进行)；完成式to_have_done(发生在谓语动作之前)。
该结构还可以用从句的形式代替：It_seems_that international co operation is working.。
牛刀小试
—She didn’t speak to me yesterday.She was unhappy.
—Well，she seemed to ________about it.
A．have been told B．be told
C．having been told D．being told
解析：选A。说话人认为她之所以没有和对方说话并闷闷不乐的原因可能是已经被告诉了事情的真相，此处是不定式被动语态的完成时。B项不强调动作已经发生，所以不恰当；在seem to do sth.结构中，to不是介词，所以C和D项错误。
Saving the Antelopes
On a freezing cold day in January 1994，Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for—a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.Jiesang knew he had to move quickly.He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns.Although surprised，the poachers had an advantage—there were more of them.In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.When his frozen body was found hours later，he was still holding his gun.He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope.
英汉对照
At the beginning of the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000.The reason is simple：the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world.It is soft，light，and warm—the ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes.A shawl made from the wool (known as “shahtoosh”，or “king of wools” in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars.For poachers the profits can be huge.
Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India，where it is made into the shawls.From there，it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe.The business is completely illegal—there has been a ban on the trade since 1975.But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people.A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls.About 1,000 antelopes—or 2 percent of the world’s population—had been killed to make them.
In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve—the huge national park on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau，which is the main habitat of the antelopes.Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.Sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.
拯救藏羚羊
在1994年1月的一个滴水成冰的寒冷日子，杰桑·索南达杰发现了他一直在寻找的目标——正在猎杀濒临灭绝的藏羚羊的一群偷猎者。杰桑知道，他必须迅速行动。他大声地喊叫着，要偷猎者放下武器。偷猎者虽然感到惊慌，但他们占着人多的优势。在接下来的枪战中，杰桑被击中身亡。几小时后，人们发现了他冻僵的尸体，手中仍然紧握着枪。他为拯救藏羚羊而献出了生命。
20世纪初期，青藏高原上有数百万只藏羚羊。截止到20世纪90年代，藏羚羊只剩下约50万只。原因很简单：藏羚羊毛是世上最昂贵的毛皮。它又软又轻又暖和——是高海拔地区的动物赖以生存的理想皮毛。一条藏羚羊毛织成的披肩(名为“沙图什”，即波斯语中的“众毛之王”)，能卖到5000美元。这对偷猎者来说利润是丰厚的。
那些偷猎者常常是夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不怎么值钱的幼崽。这些被猎杀的藏羚羊被就地剥皮，羊毛被运送到印度，在那里，藏羚羊毛被织成披肩。然后出口到北美和欧洲的富裕国家。这种贸易是完全违法的——自1975年以来一直被禁止。但到20世纪90年代，这种披肩在有钱人中间流行并成为时尚。在伦敦，警察在对一家商店的搜查中发现138条披肩，是有大约1000只藏羚羊——约占全球总数的2%被猎杀而制成。
20世纪90年代，中国政府开始积极开展可可西里自然保护区的保护工作——可可西里自然保护区是青藏高原的一个大型国家公园，是藏羚羊的主要栖息地。在接下来的十年中，大约有3000多名偷猎者被抓获，300辆汽车被没收。有时，还会发生枪战，杰桑·索南达杰就牺牲在这类枪战中。
But today the government seems to be winning the battle.The number of poachers has fallen.The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.International co operation seems to be working.Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.
如今，政府似乎正在赢得这场战争。偷猎者的数量下降了。工作在保护区的政府官员们得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔5,000米以上恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支持。同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。国际合作也见成效。自1997年以来，藏羚羊的数目已开始慢慢增多。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共60张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Listening，Everyday English and Function & Culture Corner
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1But the trade also involves live animals.
但是这种交易还涉及了活的动物。
品味经典
①The test will involve answering questions about a photo.考试还包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
②This lesson involves a lot of work.
这一课包括许多作业。
自我探究
involve作及物动词，意为“包括，涉及，引起”，后面只能接名词或动名词，不可接不定式。
③How many vehicles are involved in the crash
这次撞车事故涉及到多少车辆？
④I don’t want to get involved with the argument.
我不想卷入这场争论。
⑤All the children were involved in the school play.
所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的话剧。
牛刀小试
The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party ________.
A．involved B．to be involved
C．involving D．having involved
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。过去分词作后置定语，句意：在听了涉及到各方的意见之后，法官做出了最终判断。
2A bird has warm blood and lays eggs.
鸟是恒温动物，产卵。
品味经典
①The hens are not laying well at the moment.
此时那些母鸡不怎么下蛋。
②The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
杜鹃在别的鸟的巢中产卵。
③He laid his hand on my shoulder.
他把手放在我的肩上。
自我探究
involve作及物动词，意为“包括，涉及，引起”，后面只能接名词或动名词，不可接不定式。
归纳拓展
④Harry was laid off for six months during the recession.
在经济衰退时期，哈里下岗6个月。
⑤She’d managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.
她设法每周从薪水中存上几个英镑。
⑥The organizers have laid on a huge meal for us.
组织者给我们安排了一顿丰盛的饭菜。
牛刀小试
If only he________quietly as the doctor instructed he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A．lies B．lay
C．had lain D．should lie
解析：选C。if only后跟虚拟语气，从instructed看，说的是过去的事，故用过去完成时。lain是lie“躺”的过去分词，其过去式是lay，而lie作“说谎”讲时，是规则动词。
3One of the wonders of the insect world.
昆虫世界的奇迹之一。
品味经典
①The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇观之一。
②The children watched Liu Qian in silent wonder.
孩子们都一声不响惊奇地看着刘谦。
③She didn’t sleep last night，no wonder she’s tired.
她昨晚没有睡觉，难怪她很疲倦。
④It is little wonder (that) she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
自我探究
wonder在此用作可数名词,表示“奇迹，奇事”；它还可用作不可数名词，意为“惊奇，惊异”。in wonder为介词短语，意为“惊奇地”；(It’s)no wonder(that)是固定结构，意为“并不奇怪；难怪”。
wonder用作及物动词，意为“对……感到惊讶，纳闷；想知道”，后接名词、带疑问词的不定式或从句作宾语；用作不及物动词，意为“感到惊异；感到惊讶”，常与at或about连用。
归纳拓展
⑤I wondered to hear her voice in the next room.
我听到隔壁传出她的声音，十分惊讶。
⑥I wonder whether you would mind helping me for a few minutes.
不知你是否能帮我一会儿忙。
⑦She wondered at all things civilization can teach a woman to endure.
她对文明社会教妇女忍受的所有东西都感到惊奇。
牛刀小试
He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ he is tired out.
A．There is no point B．There is no need
C．It is no wonder D．It is no way
解析：选C。此题只有选C才能使意思通顺起来。句意：他3天没睡了，怪不得他很疲倦。There is no point没有意义；There is no need不需要；It is no way没门。
4I’m_concerned_about the future of wildlife in Africa.
我很担心非洲野生动物的未来。
品味经典
①We are all concerned for/about her safety.
我们都很关心她的安危。
②Why was she so concerned about her family in this matter
在这件事上她为什么这么关心她的家人？
自我探究
形容词短语be concerned about意思为“关心某事；担心某事”。
归纳拓展
③Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.
她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。
④There is no need to concern yourself with this matter；we are dealing with it.
你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。
⑤As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，the more equipped for life you are.
就我来说，教育就是学习，而且你学得越多，对生活准备得就越充分。
⑥He felt some concern for her safety.
他有点担心她的安全。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)In those days，all of us____________(担)your safety.
(2)The book________________(涉及，与……有关)the future of mankind.
(3)She________herself________(担忧)her son’s future.
＝She______________________her son’s future.
(4)______________________(就我而言)，I cannot object to your marriage.
答案：(1)were concerned about (2)is concerned in/with
(3)concerns；about＝is concerned about (4)As far as I am concerned
5The initials，WWF，stand_for World Wide Fund for Nature.
缩略词WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组织”。
品味经典
①What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for
奥运旗上的五环代表什么？
②What does ATM stand for
ATM代表什么？
③It’s hard to tell what the party stands for these days.
很难说最近这个政党支持什么。
④The teacher wouldn’t stand for such behavior.
教师无法容忍这种行为。
自我探究
stand for为动介短语，在句中作谓语，意为“代表”，不能用于被动语态。此外它还有“支持，拥护”的意思，相当于in favor of或support。在表示“容许，容忍”时，多用于否定结构中。
牛刀小试
用适当的介词填空
(1)How can you stand________and see him accused of something he did not do
(2)The words stood________well against the dark background.
(3)The carpet is designed to stand up________a lot of wear and tear.
(4)There was no seat，I had to stand________.
(5)The letters“USA”stand ________“United States of America”．
答案：(1)by (2)out (3)to (4)up (5)for
6In the 1980s the WWF became interested in all activities which have an effect on the environment，such as pollution and the way we use energy.
20世纪80年代，世界自然保护基金组织开始关注所有对环境造成影响的活动，比如污染和我们利用能源的方式。
品味经典
①An electric motor turns electrical energy into mechanical energy.
电动机把电能转换成机械能。
②Young people usually have more energy than the old.
年轻人通常比老年人有活力。
③My latest victim is an energetic student.After school，he played football hard for two hours.
我的上一个牺牲品是一名精力充沛的学生。放学后他总是酣畅淋漓地踢上两个小时的足球。
自我探究
energy常用作不可数名词，意为“能源；精力；活力”；其形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。
易混拓展
energy，power，force
energy意为“能量；能源；精力”。power可指“动力、思维能力、权力等各种力量或能力”。force指物理学意义上的力，也指为做成某事而使用的力量，还常指武力。
④He put all his energies into helping her.
他竭尽全力帮助她。
⑤Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
⑥The robber took the money from the old man by force.
强盗用武力把那个老人的钱抢走了。
牛刀小试
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and forms of________.
A．energy B．source
C．power D．force
解析：选A。natural gas，wind都是能源的一种。
7Then，in 1995，the organisation set_up an office in Beijing.
1995年，世界自然保护基金组织在北京设立了办事处。
品味经典
①He set up a small laboratory and devoted every spare moment to his work.
他建立了一间小实验室，然后把全部时间都投入到了这项工作中去。
②The business was set up by the grandfather of the present owner.
这个企业是由现任老板的祖辈创立的。
自我探究
set up是及物动词短语，意为“建立；创立；设立”，宾语可以是公司、单位、商店、政府等。
易混辨析
put up，set up，build，build up，found
(1)put up“建起，修建，竖起(某一建筑物)”；“搭起(某一简易建筑)”。
(2)set up作“建起，搭起”讲时，与put up同义，但还可指“建立，成立(某一机构或团体)”。
(3)build作“建起”讲时，可与put up，set up通用。
(4)build up“逐渐建立，逐步建设”，另外还有“增强”的意思。
(5)found“创建,创办(组织或机构), 尤指提供资金”；“建立，兴建(城镇或国家)”；“以……为基础，以……为根据”。
③The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
④He has built his fame as a successful businessman these years.
这些年来，作为一个成功的商人，他已树立起他的名望。
⑤We’ve set up a statue.
我们建立了一个塑像。
⑥This store put up many ads in the neighbourhood.
这家商店在邻近地区贴了很多广告。
⑦Taking exercise will build up your strength.
体育锻炼能使你更加有劲。
牛刀小试
For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll ________ my own business someday.
A．turn up B．fix up
C．set up D．make up
解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。从句意看应该是我想开创自己的生意。turn up出现；fix up安装；make up化妆，编造，均不合题意。
8The WWF believes that our world has a future only_if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.
世界自然保护基金组织认为，唯有人们学会保护自然、不浪费能源，我们的世界才会有未来。
句型巧析
品味经典
①We can learn English well only if we really understand the importance of mastering a foreign language.
只有我们真正明白了学好外语的重要性，我们才可能学好英语。
②Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
只有经过老师允许，学生才能进这个房间。
③Only if you don’t tell anyone else can I tell the secret.
只有你不告诉别人，我才能把这个秘密告诉你。
自我探究
only if引导条件状语从句，表示“只有在……条件之下”的意思。当该状语从句位于句首时，主句使用主谓倒装句式。
易混辨析
only if，if only
(1)only if引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
(2)if only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望。它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，多用虚拟语气，常被译为“但愿”“要是……该多好啊”等。
④Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.
只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
⑤If only I were as clever as you!
要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
牛刀小试
—Can I watch the football match on TV tonight，Mum
—________ you finish all the homework first.
A．If only B．Only if
C．Even when D．Not unless
解析：选B。答语句意：只有在你完成作业的条件下，(你才能看比赛)。后面的主句承上句省略了。
WWF
The WWF is the world’s largest organisation for nature conservation.It was founded in the UK in 1961 and opened an international office in Switzerland in the same year.Its aim was to protect the natural habitats of wild animals in danger of extinction.One of the founders, the painter and naturalist Peter Scott，designed the famous panda logo.The initials，WWF， stand
英汉对照
for World Wide Fund for Nature.Originally the name was World Wildlife Fund.Today the organisation has branches in 90 countries in all five continents.It has thousands of volunteers and more than five million supporters who help by giving money.Since 1985 it has spent more than $1,000 million on 11,000 projects in 130 countries.
The focus of attention has changed，too.In the 1980s the WWF became interested in all activities which have an effect on the environment，such as pollution and the way we use energy.The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.As a result，it started working with governments to introduce environmental education into schools.
世界自然保护基金组织
世界自然保护基金组织是世界上最大的自然保护组织。它是1961年在英国建立的并于同年在瑞士开办了一家国际分部。它的目标是保护濒临灭绝的野生动物的自然栖息地。其中之一的创建者，画家及自然主义者彼特·斯科特，设计了著名的熊猫标识。缩略词WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组织”。最初，这个名字是世界野生动物基金组织。今天，这个组织在五大洲的九十个国家里有它的分支机构。它有成千上万的志愿者和超过五百万通过募捐来帮助的支持者。 自从1985年以来，它已经在130个国家的11,000个项目中花费了超过十亿美元。
关注的焦点也已经改变了。20世纪80年代，世界自然保护基金组织开始关注所有对环境造成影响的活动，比如污染和我们利用能源的方式。该组织相信，只有我们学会保护自然，不浪费能源，我们的世界才会有未来。所以，它开始和政府部门一起把环境教育引入学校。
The WWF has worked with the Chinese government since 1980，when Dr George Shaller arrived to work with Chinese scientists on the panda project.For fifteen years WWF China staff had been based in Switzerland but came to China to monitor the project.Then，in 1995，the organisation set up an office in Beijing.Today there are more than thirty staff working on twenty projects all over the country.They include work in forests，energy，and in environmental education for China’s primary and secondary schools as well as saving the panda，of course.
1980年，乔治·山勒博士来和中国科学家们一起从事有关熊猫的工程项目,从那以后，世界自然保护基金组织就开始和中国政府联合工作。15年来，该组织的中国成员一直住在瑞士但是来中国负责项目。接着，1995年，该组织在北京建立了分支机构。目前，全国有30多个该组织成员正从事着20个项目的工作。它们包括森林、能源、中国初等和中等中学的环境教育，当然还有救助熊猫的工作。
速效提能演练
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Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Warming Up
重点难点研析
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1．What do you think of wildlife protection
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why do you think animals are in danger
________________________________________________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．True or False statements.
(1)A large number of antelopes have been killed for their meat.( )
(2)The business of antelope’s wool is illegal but it is easy to be stopped.( )
(3)The Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.( )
(4)Little progress has been made in protecting the antelopes.( )
答案：(1)F (2)F (3)T (4)F
2．Summarize the main idea for each paragraph.
Paragraph (1) ( ) Paragraph (2) ( )
Paragraph (3) ( ) Paragraph (4) ( )
Paragraph (5) ( )
A：A large number of antelopes have been killed for their wool.
B：The Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.
C：Jiesang Suonandajie gave his life to save the Tibetan antelope.
D：Progress has been made in protecting the antelopes.
E：The business of antelopes’ wool is illegal but it is not easy to be stopped.
答案：(1)C (2)A (3)E (4)B (5)D
3．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)Jiesang Suonandajie was shot and killed because ________.
A．he shouted to the poachers
B．he had no weapon with him
C．he shot at the poachers
D．he wanted to stop the poachers from killing the Tibetan antelope
答案：D
(2)It is in ________ that the wool of the antelope is made into the shawls.
A．China B．India
C．London D．Europe
答案：B
(3)Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．The antelopes are taken to India after they are shot by the poachers.
B．Antelope wool shawls came into fashion among the rich in the 1990s.
C．About 3,000 poachers have been caught and the number of poachers has fallen.
D．Sometimes there were gunfights between the police and poachers.
答案：A
(4)According to the passage，we know EXCEPT that ________.
A．poachers usually start to shoot antelopes at night
B．the shawls are very expensive
C．there are volunteers losing life in the battle
D．international co operation works in protecting antelopes
答案：C
(5)Which is NOT the reason why the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again
A．Government’s taking an active part in.
B．International co?operation.
C．Volunteers’ help.
D．Little interest in the shawls.
答案：D
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)What are the reasons for the drop in antelope population
_____________________________
答案：The wool of Tibetan antelopes: the most expensive in the world.
Shawls made of antelope wool: coming into fashion in the 1990s.
Poachers：hunting antelopes to get huge profits.
(2)What are the measures taken to protect antelopes
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Chinese government: protecting antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve.
Volunteers in China：coming from all over the country to help the officials who work in the reserve.
Police abroad：getting tough with shawl dealers.
(3)What are the results of the protection
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.
The antelope population has begun to grow slowly since 1997.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Events At the beginning of the twentieth century there were (1)________ of antelopes on the Qinghai?Tibetan Plateau.
By the 1990s the number had fallen to about (2)________．
Reasons Because the (3)________of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world，the poachers shoot whole (4)________of antelopes at a time and (5)________on the spot and the wool was taken to India，where it is made into the (6)________．In the 1990s the shawls came into (7)________among rich people.
Measures There has been a (8)________ on the trade since 1975.
In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes.Over the next ten years about (9)________poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.
Results Since 1997 the antelope (10)________has slowly begun to grow again.
答案：(1)millions (2)50,000 (3)wool (4)herds
(5)skinned (6)shawls (7)fashion (8)ban (9)3,000 (10)population
Step Four：Summary
One day，Jiesang Suonandajie found that a 1.____________ of poachers were killing the 2.____________ animal antelope.Though he 3.____________ with them to protect the antelope，he failed and died.By 1990s，the number of antelopes had 4.____________ to about 50,000
5.____________ the poachers’ pursuing high profits 6.____________ its wool.These years，our government began to take an active part in 7.____________ antelopes，officials who work in the 8.____________ are also helped by volunteers who are ready for difficult 9.____________ of life.As a result，the antelope 10.____________ began to grow again.
答案：1.group 2.endangered 3.struggled 4.fallen
5．because 6.from 7.protecting 8.reserve
9．conditions 10.population
Step Five：Discussion
1．Why are some animals becoming extinct
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Maybe there are many reasons.Here are some：①They are killed for body parts or food.②People want them for pets.③ People have moved into their natural habitat.④ They are killed by pollution.⑤ They are killed by climate change.
2．What can we students do to help the animals
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Students’ answers can vary.They can think about it according to the questions.① What do you feel after you read the passage？②What should we do to protect these animals？③Would you like to be a volunteer to protect the antelopes if possible
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Module 6 Animals in Danger
教材背景链接
名言佳句
Our perfect companions never have fewer than four feet.
—Colette
动物是我们完美的朋友。
——克莱特
Animals are such agreeable friends—they ask no questions，they pass no criticism.
—George Eliot
动物是如此怡人的朋友，它们不问任何问题，也不提出批评。
——乔治·艾略特
The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.
—Mahatma Candhi
对待动物的方式反映一个国家的伟大和道德的进步。
——圣雄甘地
类文欣赏
India to spend $13 million to protect tigers
The Indian government plans to spend more than $13 million establishing a special ranger force to protect the country’s endangered tigers.
The funding proposed Friday by Finance Minister P．Chidambaram follows the announcement just weeks ago of a $153 million program to create new tiger reserves，underscoring renewed efforts by India’s government to protect the big cats.
New estimates suggest India’s wild tiger population has dropped from nearly 3,600 five years ago to about 1,411，the government?run Tiger Project said last month.
“The number 1,411 should ring the alarm bells...The tiger is under threat，” Chidambaram told Parliament during his budget(预算)presentation for 2008～2009.
Chidambaram said the National Tiger Conservation Authority would be granted about $13.15 million to “raise，arm and deploy”a Tiger Protection Force.While the budget is just a proposal at this stage，Parliament is widely expected to pass it without opposition later this month.
Protection from poachers
Conservationists welcomed the government’s proposal，saying a new force would need to be specially trained and armed to protect tigers from poachers.
“They are finally addressing a very important problem—poaching，”Belinda Wright，director of the Wildlife Protection Society of India，said Saturday.“I would imagine that much of the existing system would be improved by the injection of the funds.”
Complete the following sentences according to the passage.
1．Weeks ago the Indian government made an announcement of a________program to set up new________.
2．The Indian government plans to spend more than $13 million setting up a special________.
3．New estimates suggest India’s wild tiger population is about________.
4．Parliament is widely expected to________the budget without opposition later this month.
Keys：1.$153 million；tiger reserves 2.ranger force 3.1，411 4.pass(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
Unit 1
语法专题突跛
Section Ⅳ
写作专题突跛
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．This is an old computer that/which works much slowly.
2．I have many friends to whom I’m going to send postcards.
3．I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
4．This is the factory that I visited last year.
5．This novel，which I have read three times，is very touching.
自我探究
以上各句都是含有定语从句的主从复合句。第1句关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中作主语不能省略；第2句是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；第3句是关系副词引导的定语从句，关系副词在从句中作状语；第4句虽然先行词是表示地点的名词，但引导词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，故使用关系代词引导；第5句是非限制性定语从句，此时不能使用that引导。
讲解归纳
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．只用that不用which的情况：
(1)先行词为不定代词all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等。或有all，any，no，every，few，little(少量的)，one，both等修饰。
There seems to be nothing that he can’t do.
似乎没有他做不了的事。
All the books that you offered have been donated to the mountain areas.你提供的所有的书都已捐给山区了。
(2)先行词有形容词最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词。
The first place that they visited was Jiuzhaigou.
他们参观的第一个地方是九寨沟。
(3)先行词有the only，the very等词修饰。
Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一一个外国人。
(4)先行词既有人又有物。
She took photographs of the things and people that she liked during the holiday.
在假期里，她拍了一些她喜欢的人和物的照片。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，用that。
Who is the man that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的那个人是谁？
(6)在there be句型的定语从句中，用that引导，不用which。
2．whose引导定语从句，可指代人也可指代物，其在定语从句中作定语。指物时，可与of which互换，指人时，可与of whom互换。
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
＝The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.河岸上长满树的那条河流入大海。
3．as引导定语从句的用法
(1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same...as，such...as结构。
【温馨提示】 the same...as和the same...that的区别
This is the same pen as I lost.
这支笔和我丢的一样(两支)。
This is the same pen that I lost.
这就是我丢的那支笔(同一支)。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常译为：正如……，常见句型有：as is known to all，as is reported，as is said，as is announced，as I expect，as we all know等。
As we expected，he got here on time in spite of the heavy rain.
正如我们所预料的，尽管下着大雨，他仍准时到了。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。
1．当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。
This is the little hero of whom we are proud.
这就是我们为之骄傲的小英雄。
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这就是我用来写信的钢笔。
3．“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大树。
【温馨提示】 在介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的选用和它前面的先行词或它后面的从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关。在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。例：
This is the pen which I’m looking for.
不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词有where，when，why，在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，常可用 “介词＋which”代替。
1．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Is this the house where Lu Xun once lived？(where＝in which)这是鲁迅先生曾经住过的房子吗？
2．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
She still remembers the days when she was a middle school student.(when＝on which)
她仍然记得她的中学时代。
3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
There are several reasons why we can’t do that.(why＝for which)我们不那样做有好几个理由。
【温馨提示】 case，point，stage，conditions等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where引导的定语从句。
He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
他必须面对压力很大的情况。
四、用关系代词还是关系副词
正确选用关系词的依据：①弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成分；②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因等；③判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。
【温馨提示】 有时为了平衡句子结构，先行词同定语从句被隔开，应注意识别。
Ⅰ.把下面的简单句改为含有定语从句的复合句
1．The old woman，being in poor health，has the habit of going to bed early.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Written in simple English，the novel is easy to read.
________________________________________________________________________
语法专练
3．Anyone wishing to take part in the sports meet may sign his name here.
________________________________
4．The boy，keeping himself at a distance，watched the fight with great interest.
________________________________
5．What are the good measures to be taken to stop pollution
________________________________
答案：1.The old woman，who is in poor health，has the habit of going to bed early. 2.The novel，which is written in simple English，is easy to read. 3.Anyone who wishes to take part in the sports meet may sign his name here. 4.The boy，who kept himself at a distance，watched the fight with great interest. 5.What are the good measures which are to be taken to stop pollution
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The Science Museum，________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
解析：选A。句意：在最近的一次英国旅行中我们访问的那家科学博物馆是伦敦的游览胜地之一。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词the Science Museum在从句中作宾语，故选which。
2．We went through a period ________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．which B．whose
C．in which D．with which
解析：选C。句意：我们经历了一个通信在农村地区非常困难的时期。the period为表示时间的先行词，且后面定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用in which作状语表示在一段时间之内，相当于when。
3．Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A．why B．what
C．that D．where
解析：选D。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词race。where在从句中作状语，表示地点，即“在比赛中”。
4．A person ________ e mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e mails.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．whoever
解析：选C。考查定语从句。a person为先行词，空格处指代该词且与定语从句中的e mail account间存在所属关系，故用whose。
5．Whenever I met her，________ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A．who B．which
C．when D．that
解析：选B。本题考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which。
6．(2011年福建漳州一中高二教学质量检测)She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A．that B．which
C．where D．when
解析：选D。考查定语从句。先行词her stay表示逗留(时间)，在从句中起状语的作用，用关系副词when引导定语从句。
7．Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time.
A．of which B．with which
C．about which D．into which
解析：选C。考查定语从句。argue about sth.对……展开争论，由此可知C项正确。
8．She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．these
解析：选C。题意：她带来了她的三个朋友，之前我一个都没见过。由句子结构判断，逗号后面是非限制性定语从句；先行词是指人的名词her three friends，关系词在介词of后作宾语，故用whom。
9．Samuel survived when the car________he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.
A．where B．that
C．as D．why
解析：选B。题意：当塞缪尔所乘的车脱离公路撞到树上时，他从中脱险存活了下来。时间状语从句的主语为先行词，the car后的定语从句中，介词in缺少宾语，故用that引导。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
根据下面提示，用英语写一篇关于大熊猫的短文。
【要点提示】
1．大熊猫是中国特有的举世闻名的野生动物，生活在中国西部的森林地区。
2．大熊猫已存在一万多年了。
3．大熊猫非常喜欢爬树，比一般动物都敏捷。
4．大熊猫最喜欢的食物是竹笋，嗜好饮水，一旦找到水源就会拼命地畅饮。
5．大熊猫是由法国人Armand David命名的。
6．大熊猫是吉祥友谊的象征，是和平友好的使者。
7．大熊猫属于濒危动物之一，中国政府建立了大熊猫自然保护区。
参考词汇：竹笋 bamboo shoots 自然保护区 natural reserve
【要点词汇】
1.中国特有的举世闻名的野生动物________________
2．喜欢爬树 __________________
3．最喜欢的食物 ________________
4．拼命地畅饮 ________________
5．吉详友好的象征 __________________
6．和平友好的使者 __________________
7．濒危动物 __________________
答案：1.a world?famous wild animal born in China 2.be good at/like climbing trees 3.favo(u) rite food 4.drink like crazy 5.the symbol of luckiness and friendship
6．the messenger of peace 7..endangered animals
【句式结构】
1．大熊猫属于一种濒危动物。
The panda ____________ a kind of endangered animals.
答案：belongs to
2．大熊猫嗜好饮水，一旦找到水源就会拼命地畅饮。(使用从句中的省略)
Pandas like drinking much water ____________________，they will drink like crazy.
答案：so when finding water
3．众所周知，大熊猫是吉祥友谊的象征，又是和平友好的使者。(使用as引导的非限制性定语从句)
________________，the panda ______________ luckiness and friendship，and the messenger of peace.
答案：As is known；is the symbol of
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
The panda is a world?famous wild animal born in China.It only inhabits the forests in the west part of China.It has lived on the earth for more than ten thousand years.Although they have fat figures，yet pandas are better at climbing trees than any other animal.The favo(u)rite food that it depends on for living is bamboo shoots.Pandas like drinking much water so when finding water，they will drink like
crazy.Originally，the name “panda” was given by a Frenchman Armand David.As is known，the panda is the symbol of luckiness and friendship，and the messenger of peace.
In fact，the panda belongs to a kind of endangered animals.However，to our joy，the Chinese government has built a natural reserve to protect the pandas.They are the true friends of humans.
【类文点津】
描写动物的作文属于说明文的范畴，时态应用一般现在时，人称根据具体的句子来确定，常为第三人称。写作时应使语言具有客观准确性，并做到生动形象。文章中可适当使用复杂句及连接词，使文章衔接自然并有起伏。
According to statistics from the WWF，①standing_for World Wide Fund for Nature，over 12,000 animal species are on the ②brink of being ③extinct，including Tibetan ④antelopes，⑤whales，⑥ibises and some ⑦reptiles，which ⑧lay eggs on the sands.The WWF has ⑨set_up
词语串串练
many ⑩branches in 90 countries in all five continents， aimed at monitoring some projects， involving founding nature reserves， protecting animals’ natural habitats and not wasting_energy and protecting the endangered species in the world.Thanks to the WWF’s great efforts，the conditions have greatly improved.
根据WWF，即世界自然保护基金组织的数据,有12,000动物物种正处于灭绝的边缘,包括藏羚羊、鲸鱼、鹳，以及一些把卵产在沙滩上的爬行动物。世界自然保护基金组织现在已经在所
有的五大洲上的90个国家里建立了很多分支，目的是监督一些项目，包括建立自然保护区，保护动物的自然栖息地，不浪费能源以及保护世界上的濒危动物。多亏了世界自然保护基金组织的巨大努力,情况已经有很大的好转。
以草为食，居住在青藏高原上的藏羚羊，因为盗猎者的非法猎杀，曾经陷入灭绝的危险中。为什么盗猎者要猎杀藏羚羊呢？那是因为藏羚羊毛是制作大衣和披肩的最理想的材料。这些羊毛很值钱。许多人担心藏羚羊的安全而作为志愿者保护它们及其他的野生生物。在战斗中，有些志愿者被杀害。这些盗猎者是如此的残忍，他们当场对捕获的藏羚羊进行剥皮。有时，警察的突击搜查使他们能没收许多的毛皮制品。同时，警察严惩商人。现在，藏羚羊的数目已有了很大的增长。这确实是一个奇迹。
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