指人或事物的名称的词.
名 词
趣味名词大通关 (animal 动物篇)
pig chicken fish sheep cat cow
horse monkey bee dog duck bird deer
趣味名词大通关 (fruit 水果篇)
banana apple strawberry orange bear
watermelon lemon grape cherry
趣味名词大通关 (job 职业篇)
teacher doctor student soldier
farmer nurse actor worker
趣味名词大通关 (place 地点篇)
park zoo library museum post office
hospital school restaurant
bus stop bank supermarket
名词
专有名词:特定的人,地点等.(首字母大写)
例:New York, Yao Ming,
Great Wall, Deng Xiaoping
普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
能够以数计算的事物的名词
不能以数计算的事物的名词
单数名词
复数名词
?
例:液体,气体等。milk, water, air…
例:pen, student, flowers…
普通名词:指一般的人,事物等.
例:apple, pen, doctor
1. 一般情况下,直接在名词后加~s
例:cake---cakes, leg---legs
2. 在以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的名词后加~ es
例: dress---dresses, dish---dishes,
watch---watches, box---boxes
3. 以o结尾的名词,一般加~s
例: radio---radios, zoo---zoos,
但 Negro, hero, potato, tomato之后加~es
( 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿 ) 。
Negroes、heroes、potatoes、tomatoes
4.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y改为i再加~es
例:city---cities, family---families
5. 以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加~es
例:leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives
巧记以f或fe结尾的名词复数形式
树叶半数自己黄
妻子拿刀去割粮
架后窜出一只狼
就像盗贼逃命亡
leaf half self
wife knife
shelf wolf
thief life
leaf-leaves half-halves self-selves
wife-wives knife-knives
shelf-shelves wolf-wolves
thief-thieves life-lives
其他以f,fe结尾的名词,变复数直接加-s即可。
1.单复数同形的名词:
Chinese Japanese
sheep fish deer
2.单复数不同形(特殊名词的变化):
1)改变中间元音
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men woman—women mouse-mice
2)词尾加-en或-ren
child—children ox—oxen
3.复数形,单数意: news, maths, physics, politics 新闻学科无单数
4.仅有复数形式: shoes鞋子, socks袜子, trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤, glasses眼镜,sunglasses太阳镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子
鞋袜裤眼镜,圆规与天平,钳子和剪子
只有复数形
5.集体名词往往只表达复数含义。
名词单数变复数的发音规则
情况
构成方法
读音规则
例词
一般情况
词尾加-s
(1)清辅音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/等后读/s/
maps , books , boats
(2)在浊辅/b/, /d/ ,/g/, /η/ ,/l/ ,/m/ ,/n/ 等和元音后读/z/
verbs , birds , bags , kings , hills , names , pens , cars , trees
以-s , -sh , -ch , -x结尾的名词
词尾加-es
读/iz/
buses , watches , wishes , boxes
以-o结尾的名词
词尾加-s或-es
读/z/
radios , kangaroos , heroes , potatoes
以-y结尾的名词
(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
读/iz/
cities , babies
(2)以元音字母+y结尾的名词,加s
读/z/
days , boys , toys
以f或fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为v,再加es
读/vz/
knives , leaves
Practise
peach_________ 2. zoo _________
3. glass _________ 4. fox _______
5. lady _________ 6. policewoman _________
7. house ___________ 8. photo _________
9. monkey __________ 10. wife __________
11. rose ____________ 12. path __________
13. judge ___________ 14. map ___________
peaches
zoos
glasses
foxes
ladies
policewomen
houses
photos
monkeys
wives
roses
paths
judges
maps
名词中表示所有关系的形式
所有格的构成方式
名词+ Of + 名词
名词+ ’ s
1. 由名词加’s构成,通常用来表示有生命的东西 (也有例外)
2. 由 of 加名词构成,通常用来表示没有生命的东西
Ⅰ. ’s所有格
1.名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加 ’s,读法和名词复数发音规则一样。
如: Mary’s letter , the girl’s story , Miss Liu’s students
2. 复数名词所有格的变化形式
(1)如果是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加 ’ 。
如:the twins’ bedroom
the students’ books
(2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是直接加’s。
如:a children’s book(儿童读物),the men’s shoes
3. 如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加’s。
如:Lucy and Lily’s book
4.如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名后都加上’s。
如: Lucy’s and Lily’s books
Ⅱ.由of+名词构成的所有格
由of+名词构成的所有格通常用来表示无生命的东西的所有关系。
如:the four legs of a desk
a map of China
the capital of America
名词所有格练习
Translate these phase below.
教室的窗户 美国的首都 桌子的四条腿
学校的大门 老师们的办公室 男人们的衣服
Linda的课本 Peter和Bill的爸爸 奶奶的眼镜
Lucy’s mother and Lily’s mother
teachers of our school
the foot of the hill
Exercises
用所给名词的适当形式填空:
1. Are there any (peach) on the table?
2. They are some young (woman).
3. The (children) is playing in the garden.
4. Some (goose) are swimming in the river.
5. Would you like some (fish)?
6. How many (radio) can you see on the bookcase?
7. Are there any (boy) in the library?
8. One policeman caught three (thief) yesterday.
Exercises
请用How much/How many填空.
1. juice do you want?
2. bottles of juice do you want?
3. people are there in your family?
4. pencils do you have?
5. mutton is there in the fridge?
Exercises
请用is/are填空.
1.There some water in the bottle.
2.There an orange on the table.
3.There many fish in the pool.
4.There some leaves on the ground.
Homework
1. 复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则.
2. 写出20个不可数名词(1+1)
3. 写出30个可数名词,并写出其复数形式(1+1)
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