高中英语考试听力技巧（学案）
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高中英语考试听力技巧：听力高分攻略！
一、高考听力测试题的特点
1. 测试目的和要求
高考听力测试以语篇（对话或独白）为测试载体，在语言使用的场景中测试学生使用语音、语法、词汇知识的能力，主要是考查考生对所听信息的正确理解能力、捕捉信息能力和快速反应能力。
听力测试要点包括：1）理解主旨和大意。2）获取事实性的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。3）简单推断谈话背景、人物关系等。4）理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。一般来讲， 说话人总会有说话的意图，或提出或回答问题，阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。有时，说话者的意图或观点被明确说出，有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间，需要我们去揣摩、推测。
2.测试的形式和难度
高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右，共20个小题，计分30分。设问全部是特殊疑问句，几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型，如：what , who, which, when, where, why, how, what time, how many,how much, how long, how old, how soon, how often 等，选项为“3选1”。
听力测试共分两节：第一节是听五段简短对话，每段对话后仅有一个选择题，每段对话仅读一遍。主要考查考生对语音、数字（时间、日期、号码、价格等）、字母、句子结构及句意等的快速反应能力和理解能力。第二节包括5段对话或独白，共15小题，每段材料播放两遍。主要考查考生对较长对话或短文的整体理解和把握能力，及对细节的归纳综合能力和判断推理能力等。
录音文字材料的难度略低于阅读材料，全部采用口语体。听力材料的读速接近于英美人的正常语速。
测试的话题和材料
高考听力材料的选择非常重视语言的真实性原则，语言材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。
二、高考听力测试的应试技巧
1. 培养良好心态
听力测试题不同于其它题型，不可能像其它书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下。听力测试的做题速度是由命题人统一掌握的，录音材料瞬息即逝，无“回听”的机会或自由思考的余地。考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响。考生必须培养良好的心态。
学会预测话题
考生可以根据每个小题的问题及选项的提示来预测和推测录音材料的内容。从而做到心中有数，提前做好心理准备，获得主动。
3.合理分配注意力
科学合理地分配注意力，可以有效地提高听力测试成绩。掌握下列技巧：
1）学会听前抢读：听录音前，快速浏览题干，根据上下文的已知信息，预测空格里的内容；
2）学会听中速记：听的过程中全神贯注，抓住关键信息点，快速记下所需单词，速记时有技巧。如用阿拉伯数字记日期、时刻或号码、价格等；用字母代替地名或人名，单词缩写，短语首字等，听力结束后再按要求拼写。
3）学会听后检查。利用语法知识和习惯表达方式检查所填内容。
4.拓宽背景知识
背景知识也是影响听力效果的一个重要因素。因为语言是一种工具，是知识和文化的载体，所以听力材料必定涉及科普知识和社会文化知识。考生的百科知识越广博，越有助于对听力材料的理解。广泛地阅读和收集各种信息，不但有助于扩大知识面，也有益于听力成绩的提高。
5.熟悉交际用语
听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place What is the man’s profession 之类的问题，考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点、人物职业、人物关系等。熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，这一点很重要。记住下面一些常用的场景用语。
餐馆（restaurant）用语：menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup,dish, beer,soft drink等;
医院（hospital）用语:doctor,nurse，patient,take medicine, temperature, pill , headache, fever, toothache, stomachache, sore throat,flu,catch a cold/cough,blood pressure 等;
宾馆（hotel）用语:luggage, single room, double room., room number 等;
邮局（post office）用语: mail, deliver, stamp envelope, telegram等;
机场（airport）用语:flight, take off, land, luggage 等;
车站（railway station）用语: round trip, single trip, sleeping car等；
商店（shop）用语: on sale, size, color, price, change等；
学校（school）用语: professor, exam, course, dining hall, playground 等。
除了这些外， 考生平时还应注意多积累相关必备基础知识。
如1）时间表达方式
2）学科的名称
3）表示数目的单词
4）年代表达方式
5）十二月份、日期、星期
6）四个季节
7）金钱的表达方式
8）常见地名的拼写
9） 国家和国籍
6.科学判断推理
听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求。要求考生把握整体内容，概括总结对话的主旨和大意；要求考生根据听力内容或背景效果，推测相关的具体内容，如：时间、地点、身份、人物关系等；要求考生在理解大意的基础上推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。在判断推理的过程中要注意以下几个问题：
1）防止以偏概全；
2）防止断章取义；
3）防止似是而非
【典例分析】
【例1】 理解主旨、要义（Know about the main idea）
任何一段对话或独白总是围绕一个主旨或者一个中心展开的。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，须我们自己去归纳、概括。
提问方式：What are the two speakers talking about
What are the two speakers discussing
What’s the main idea of the conversation
M: I hope it’ll be fine tomorrow. I’m going boating with Tom.
W: Oh, I heard it on the radio.
What are the two speakers talking about
A.A fine boat. B.Their friend, Tom. C.The weather.
复习重点：
①能判断说话者的观点和弦外之音。
②注意说话者用语气、语调的变化来表现对某人、某事或对另一言行的好恶、赞成与否等情绪变化。
③说话者的建议、决定或打算等行为。
④弄清事情的因果关系。
⑤归纳时要把双方谈话的内容联系起来考虑，注意对话的完整性。
【例2】获取事实性的具体信息（Understand detailed factual information）
为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、事件、请求与建议、方式与方法、原因与结果等。这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容，是听力考查的重点项目。
提问方式：What time is it now When will the train leave
How much is the shirt How many books did they buy
Who might Mr. Green be Whose book has been lost
What are the speakers doing What did the man/woman do
What does the man suggest the woman do
What does the woman ask the man to do
How will the man go to the airport How did the woman get the money
Why was Tom late for school Why did the man/woman get angry
M: Well, I wondered why the office is still not open.
W: But it’s not yet eight. In fact, it’s only a quarter to eight.
At what time does the office open
A.7:45 B. 8:15 C.8:00
数字记录与计算
主要考查的知识点：
①基数词、序数词、分数、百分数。
②价格、比例。
③年代、日期、时刻。
④路程、距离。
⑤具体的编号数，如街道、楼层、房间、电话号码、航班等。
复习重点：
①要掌握时间的几种表达法：half past six，a quarter to two，nine twenty，after before，early， late，delay等。
②以 teen结尾的数词与以 ty结尾的数词的读音和意义的辨别。
③辨清以 th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词，如：sixth six
④快速记录多个数字，并用加、减、乘、除计算一些数据；熟悉计算题中常出现的表达法：half，double，twice，one third，percent，a pair， dozen score，dollar，pound，cent，penny，
10 each for 3 tickets，at a 30% discount（打七折），one third off the normal price（打七折），more than，less than
再如下列这个对话：
W ：How much is the red skirt？
M：These skirt sells for six dollars each，but it’s 10 if you buy two.
Q：How much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one？
3. B. 6. C. 10.
【例3】 对背景、说话者之间的关系能作出简单的推断（Inferring the background and relationship between the speakers）
对话或独白发生的背景及说话者之间的关系对话语的含义有举足轻重的作用。对说话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度，在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而是听力考查的重点项目。
常提的问题是：
What’s the relationship between the speakers
What can we learn from the conversation
Where does the conversation probably take place
Who is the man/woman most probably speaking to
常见的人物之间的关系有：doctor- patient
Waiter/ waitress- customer secretary- boss
shop assistant- customer driver- policeman
teacher /professor- student husband- wife
parent-kid receptionist- tourist
lawyer- client stranger-stranger
salesperson- customer colleagues/ friends/ classmates
复习重点：
①能根据对话内容和情景来确定说话者从事的职业和彼此之间的关系。
②善于抓住与说话者身份或职业相关的词。如材料中出现 term exam，就有可能有 teacher/ professor出现，或者人物间有 teacher/ professor- student的关系；对话中提到 buy ，change，就该有 salesman或 salesgirl；夫妻对话会用 dear ，darling；父母对孩子说话可能会有 listen,Mum,Dad, get up, go to sleep等词。
③对话中涉及多人，则要理清人与人之间的关系。
M: Excuse me, Madam.
W: Yes
M: Does this bus go to Center Street
W: Yes, I think so.
M: Thank you.
W: You're welcome.
What is the relationship between the speakers
A.They are friends. B.They are strangers.
C.They are brother and sister.
再如下列这个对话：
M：Hello，Mary，this is Dam Morrison. I’m calling to see whether Tom feels better today.
W ：Oh，hello，Prof. Morrison. He feels much better now. The doctor said he will be able to go back to school tomorrow.
Q：What’s the relationship between Dam Morrison and Tom？
Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C.Colleague.
【例4】 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度（Understand the speakers’ intention, views and attitude）
一般说来，说话者总会有其意图，或提出问题，回答问题，或阐述自己的想法或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的句里行间，需听者去揣摩、推断。
常提的问题是：
What’s the most probable result of the conversation
What can we know about the man( woman)
W: Can I help you
M: Yes, I bought this radio two days ago, but I’m afraid it doesn’t work. I’d like to change it for another one.
W: Oh, dear. Yes, of course. Have you got your receipt
M: Yes, here it is.
W: Thank you. Just a moment, please.
What is the most probable result of the conversation
A. The man got this radio repaired. B. The man got a new receipt.
C. The man got a new radio.
再如下列这个对话：
M：Did you watch the midnight film last night？
W ：Yes，I watched part of it.
M：I really liked it. I thought it was really exciting.
W ：Exciting？I fell asleep during the film.
Q：How did the woman feel about the film？
Enjoyable. B. Inspiring. C. Dull.
EXX:一、听力练习（课标全国卷I，2019年6月）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.
2. What does Jack want to do
A. Take fitness class. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.
4. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.
5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation
A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man.
C. She has an extra ticket.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
How long did James run his business
10 years. B. 13 years. C. 15years.
How does the woman feel about James’ situation
Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
What has Kate’s mother decided to do
Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.
What did Kate’s mother study at college
Oil painting. B. Art history C. Business administration
What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision
Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，第11至13题。
What is the man doing
Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program.
Conducting a job interview.
What benefits Mary most in her job
Her wide reading. B. Her leader’s guidance. C. Her friends’ help.
Who will Mary talk about next
Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Why does the man seldom do exercise
He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do
He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a journalist.
Why does the woman speak of a study
To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise.
C. To support her findings.
How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly
300 minutes. B. 150 minutes. C. 75 minutes.
听第10段材料，回答第187至20题。
What did the scientists do to the road
They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it.
Why are young birds drawn to the road surface
It’s warm. B. It’s brown. C. It’s smooth.
What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment
To keep the birds there for a whole year.
To help students study the birds well.
To prevent the birds from being killed.
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）
英 语
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom.
2.How does the woman feel now
A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired.
3.How much will the man pay
A. $520. B. $80. C. $100.
4.What does the man tell Jane to do
A. Postpone his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. C. Return at 3 o'clock.
5.Why would David quit his job
A. To go back to school. B. To start his own firm. C. To work for his friend.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
What does the man want the woman to do
A. Check the cupboard. B. Clean the balcony. C. Buy an umbrella.
7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Employer and employee. C. Shop assistant and customer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where did the woman go at the weekend
A. The city centre. B. The forest park. C. The man's home.
9. How did the man spend his weekend
A. Packing for a move. B. Going out with Jenny. C. Looking for a new house.
10. What will the woman do for the man
A. Take Henry to hospital. B. Stay with his kid. C. Look after his pet.
听第8段材料，第11至13题。
What is Mr. Stone doing now
A. Eating lunch. B. Having a meeting. C. Writing a diary.
Why does the man want to see Mr. Stone
A. To discuss a program. B. To make a travel plan. C. To ask for sick leave.
13. When will the man meet Mr. Stone this afternoon
A. At 3:00. B. At 3:30. C. At 3:45.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.What are the speakers talking about
A company. B. An interview. C. A job offer
Who is Monica Stansfield
A. A junior specialist. B. A department manager. C. A sales assistant.
16. When will the man hear from the woman
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did John enjoy doing in his childhood
A. Touring France. B. Playing outdoors. C. Painting pictures.
18. What did John do after he moved to the US
A. He did business. B. He studied biology. C. He worked on a farm.
19. Why did John go hunting
A. For food. B. For pleasure. C. For money.
20. What is the subject of John's works
A. American birds. B. Natural scenery. C. Family life.
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）
英 语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a supermarket. B. In the post office. C. In the street.
2. What did Carl do
A. He designed a medal. B. He fixed a TV set. C. He took a test.
3. What does the man do
A. He’s a tailor. B. He’s a waiter. C. He’s a shop assistant.
4. When will the flight arrive
A. At 18:20. B. At 18:35. C. At 18:50.
5. How can the man improve his article
A. By deleting unnecessary words.
B. By adding a couple of points.
C. By correcting grammar mistakes.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does Bill often do on Friday night
A. Visit his parents. B. Go to the movies. C. Walk along Broadway.
7. Who watches musical plays most often
A. Bill. B. Sarah. C. Bill’s parents.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does David want to speak to Mike
A. To invite him to a party. B. To discuss a schedule. C. To call off a meeting.
9. What do we know about the speakers
A. They are colleagues. B. They are close friends. C. They’ve never met before.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What kind of camera does the man want
A. A TV camera. B. A video camera. C. A movie camera.
11. Which function is the man most interested in
A. Underwater filming. B. A large memory. C. Auto-focus.
12. How much would the man pay for the second camera
A. 950 euros. B. 650 euros. C. 470 euros.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who is Clifford
A. A little girl. B. The man’s pet. C. A fictional character.
14. Who suggested that Norman paint for children’s books
A. His wife. B. Elizabeth. C. A publisher.
15. What is Norman’s story based on
A. A book. B. A painting. C. A young woman.
16. What is it that shocked Norman
A. His unexpected success. B. His efforts made in vain. C. His editor’s disagreement.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker
A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Visitors.
18. Why do people have small talk
A. To express opinions. B. To avoid arguments. C. To show friendliness.
19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk
A. Politics. B. Movies. C. Salaries.
20. What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture
A. Asking open-ended questions.
C. Making small talk interesting.
参考答案：听力练习（课标全国卷I，2019年6月）
1--5 BABCA 6--10 CBACC 11--15BACAB 16--20ACBAC
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国卷II）
1--5 BCBAC 6--10 CABAC 11--15BACCB 16--20ACABA
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国卷II）
1—5 CBACA 6—10 BBCCB 11—15 ACCAB 16—20 ABCBA
一、高考听力测试题的特点
1. 测试目的和要求
高考听力测试以语篇（对话或独白）为测试载体，在语言使用的场景中测试学生使用语音、语法、词汇知识的能力，主要是考查考生对所听信息的正确理解能力、捕捉信息能力和快速反应能力。
听力测试要点包括：1）理解主旨和大意。2）获取事实性的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。3）简单推断谈话背景、人物关系等。4）理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。一般来讲， 说话人总会有说话的意图，或提出或回答问题，阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。有时，说话者的意图或观点被明确说出，有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间，需要我们去揣摩、推测。
2.测试的形式和难度
高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右，共20个小题，计分30分。设问全部是特殊疑问句，几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型，如：what , who, which, when, where, why, how, what time, how many,how much, how long, how old, how soon, how often 等，选项为“3选1”。
听力测试共分两节：第一节是听五段简短对话，每段对话后仅有一个选择题，每段对话仅读一遍。主要考查考生对语音、数字（时间、日期、号码、价格等）、字母、句子结构及句意等的快速反应能力和理解能力。第二节包括5段对话或独白，共15小题，每段材料播放两遍。主要考查考生对较长对话或短文的整体理解和把握能力，及对细节的归纳综合能力和判断推理能力等。
录音文字材料的难度略低于阅读材料，全部采用口语体。听力材料的读速接近于英美人的正常语速。
测试的话题和材料
高考听力材料的选择非常重视语言的真实性原则，语言材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。
二、高考听力测试的应试技巧
1. 培养良好心态
听力测试题不同于其它题型，不可能像其它书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下。听力测试的做题速度是由命题人统一掌握的，录音材料瞬息即逝，无“回听”的机会或自由思考的余地。考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响。考生必须培养良好的心态。
学会预测话题
考生可以根据每个小题的问题及选项的提示来预测和推测录音材料的内容。从而做到心中有数，提前做好心理准备，获得主动。
3.合理分配注意力
科学合理地分配注意力，可以有效地提高听力测试成绩。掌握下列技巧：
1）学会听前抢读：听录音前，快速浏览题干，根据上下文的已知信息，预测空格里的内容；
2）学会听中速记：听的过程中全神贯注，抓住关键信息点，快速记下所需单词，速记时有技巧。如用阿拉伯数字记日期、时刻或号码、价格等；用字母代替地名或人名，单词缩写，短语首字等，听力结束后再按要求拼写。
3）学会听后检查。利用语法知识和习惯表达方式检查所填内容。
4.拓宽背景知识
背景知识也是影响听力效果的一个重要因素。因为语言是一种工具，是知识和文化的载体，所以听力材料必定涉及科普知识和社会文化知识。考生的百科知识越广博，越有助于对听力材料的理解。广泛地阅读和收集各种信息，不但有助于扩大知识面，也有益于听力成绩的提高。
5.熟悉交际用语
听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place What is the man’s profession 之类的问题，考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点、人物职业、人物关系等。熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，这一点很重要。记住下面一些常用的场景用语。
餐馆（restaurant）用语：menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup,dish, beer,soft drink等;
医院（hospital）用语:doctor,nurse，patient,take medicine, temperature, pill , headache, fever, toothache, stomachache, sore throat,flu,catch a cold/cough,blood pressure 等;
宾馆（hotel）用语:luggage, single room, double room., room number 等;
邮局（post office）用语: mail, deliver, stamp envelope, telegram等;
机场（airport）用语:flight, take off, land, luggage 等;
车站（railway station）用语: round trip, single trip, sleeping car等；
商店（shop）用语: on sale, size, color, price, change等；
学校（school）用语: professor, exam, course, dining hall, playground 等。
除了这些外， 考生平时还应注意多积累相关必备基础知识。
如1）时间表达方式
2）学科的名称
3）表示数目的单词
4）年代表达方式
5）十二月份、日期、星期
6）四个季节
7）金钱的表达方式
8）常见地名的拼写
9） 国家和国籍
6.科学判断推理
听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求。要求考生把握整体内容，概括总结对话的主旨和大意；要求考生根据听力内容或背景效果，推测相关的具体内容，如：时间、地点、身份、人物关系等；要求考生在理解大意的基础上推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。在判断推理的过程中要注意以下几个问题：
1）防止以偏概全；
2）防止断章取义；
3）防止似是而非
【典例分析】
【例1】 理解主旨、要义（Know about the main idea）
任何一段对话或独白总是围绕一个主旨或者一个中心展开的。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，须我们自己去归纳、概括。
提问方式：What are the two speakers talking about
What are the two speakers discussing
What’s the main idea of the conversation
M: I hope it’ll be fine tomorrow. I’m going boating with Tom.
W: Oh, I heard it on the radio.
What are the two speakers talking about
A.A fine boat. B.Their friend, Tom. C.The weather.
复习重点：
①能判断说话者的观点和弦外之音。
②注意说话者用语气、语调的变化来表现对某人、某事或对另一言行的好恶、赞成与否等情绪变化。
③说话者的建议、决定或打算等行为。
④弄清事情的因果关系。
⑤归纳时要把双方谈话的内容联系起来考虑，注意对话的完整性。
【例2】获取事实性的具体信息（Understand detailed factual information）
为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、事件、请求与建议、方式与方法、原因与结果等。这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容，是听力考查的重点项目。
提问方式：What time is it now When will the train leave
How much is the shirt How many books did they buy
Who might Mr. Green be Whose book has been lost
What are the speakers doing What did the man/woman do
What does the man suggest the woman do
What does the woman ask the man to do
How will the man go to the airport How did the woman get the money
Why was Tom late for school Why did the man/woman get angry
M: Well, I wondered why the office is still not open.
W: But it’s not yet eight. In fact, it’s only a quarter to eight.
At what time does the office open
A.7:45 B. 8:15 C.8:00
数字记录与计算
主要考查的知识点：
①基数词、序数词、分数、百分数。
②价格、比例。
③年代、日期、时刻。
④路程、距离。
⑤具体的编号数，如街道、楼层、房间、电话号码、航班等。
复习重点：
①要掌握时间的几种表达法：half past six，a quarter to two，nine twenty，after before，early， late，delay等。
②以 teen结尾的数词与以 ty结尾的数词的读音和意义的辨别。
③辨清以 th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词，如：sixth six
④快速记录多个数字，并用加、减、乘、除计算一些数据；熟悉计算题中常出现的表达法：half，double，twice，one third，percent，a pair， dozen score，dollar，pound，cent，penny，
10 each for 3 tickets，at a 30% discount（打七折），one third off the normal price（打七折），more than，less than
再如下列这个对话：
W ：How much is the red skirt？
M：These skirt sells for six dollars each，but it’s 10 if you buy two.
Q：How much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one？
3. B. 6. C. 10.
【例3】 对背景、说话者之间的关系能作出简单的推断（Inferring the background and relationship between the speakers）
对话或独白发生的背景及说话者之间的关系对话语的含义有举足轻重的作用。对说话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度，在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而是听力考查的重点项目。
常提的问题是：
What’s the relationship between the speakers
What can we learn from the conversation
Where does the conversation probably take place
Who is the man/woman most probably speaking to
常见的人物之间的关系有：doctor- patient
Waiter/ waitress- customer secretary- boss
shop assistant- customer driver- policeman
teacher /professor- student husband- wife
parent-kid receptionist- tourist
lawyer- client stranger-stranger
salesperson- customer colleagues/ friends/ classmates
复习重点：
①能根据对话内容和情景来确定说话者从事的职业和彼此之间的关系。
②善于抓住与说话者身份或职业相关的词。如材料中出现 term exam，就有可能有 teacher/ professor出现，或者人物间有 teacher/ professor- student的关系；对话中提到 buy ，change，就该有 salesman或 salesgirl；夫妻对话会用 dear ，darling；父母对孩子说话可能会有 listen,Mum,Dad, get up, go to sleep等词。
③对话中涉及多人，则要理清人与人之间的关系。
M: Excuse me, Madam.
W: Yes
M: Does this bus go to Center Street
W: Yes, I think so.
M: Thank you.
W: You're welcome.
What is the relationship between the speakers
A.They are friends. B.They are strangers.
C.They are brother and sister.
再如下列这个对话：
M：Hello，Mary，this is Dam Morrison. I’m calling to see whether Tom feels better today.
W ：Oh，hello，Prof. Morrison. He feels much better now. The doctor said he will be able to go back to school tomorrow.
Q：What’s the relationship between Dam Morrison and Tom？
Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C.Colleague.
【例4】 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度（Understand the speakers’ intention, views and attitude）
一般说来，说话者总会有其意图，或提出问题，回答问题，或阐述自己的想法或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的句里行间，需听者去揣摩、推断。
常提的问题是：
What’s the most probable result of the conversation
What can we know about the man( woman)
W: Can I help you
M: Yes, I bought this radio two days ago, but I’m afraid it doesn’t work. I’d like to change it for another one.
W: Oh, dear. Yes, of course. Have you got your receipt
M: Yes, here it is.
W: Thank you. Just a moment, please.
What is the most probable result of the conversation
A. The man got this radio repaired. B. The man got a new receipt.
C. The man got a new radio.
再如下列这个对话：
M：Did you watch the midnight film last night？
W ：Yes，I watched part of it.
M：I really liked it. I thought it was really exciting.
W ：Exciting？I fell asleep during the film.
Q：How did the woman feel about the film？
Enjoyable. B. Inspiring. C. Dull.
EXX:一、听力练习（课标全国卷I，2019年6月）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.
2. What does Jack want to do
A. Take fitness class. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.
4. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.
5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation
A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man.
C. She has an extra ticket.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
How long did James run his business
10 years. B. 13 years. C. 15years.
How does the woman feel about James’ situation
Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
What has Kate’s mother decided to do
Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.
What did Kate’s mother study at college
Oil painting. B. Art history C. Business administration
What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision
Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，第11至13题。
What is the man doing
Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program.
Conducting a job interview.
What benefits Mary most in her job
Her wide reading. B. Her leader’s guidance. C. Her friends’ help.
Who will Mary talk about next
Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
Why does the man seldom do exercise
He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do
He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a journalist.
Why does the woman speak of a study
To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise.
C. To support her findings.
How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly
300 minutes. B. 150 minutes. C. 75 minutes.
听第10段材料，回答第187至20题。
What did the scientists do to the road
They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it.
Why are young birds drawn to the road surface
It’s warm. B. It’s brown. C. It’s smooth.
What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment
To keep the birds there for a whole year.
To help students study the birds well.
To prevent the birds from being killed.
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）
英 语
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom.
2.How does the woman feel now
A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired.
3.How much will the man pay
A. $520. B. $80. C. $100.
4.What does the man tell Jane to do
A. Postpone his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. C. Return at 3 o'clock.
5.Why would David quit his job
A. To go back to school. B. To start his own firm. C. To work for his friend.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
What does the man want the woman to do
A. Check the cupboard. B. Clean the balcony. C. Buy an umbrella.
7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Employer and employee. C. Shop assistant and customer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where did the woman go at the weekend
A. The city centre. B. The forest park. C. The man's home.
9. How did the man spend his weekend
A. Packing for a move. B. Going out with Jenny. C. Looking for a new house.
10. What will the woman do for the man
A. Take Henry to hospital. B. Stay with his kid. C. Look after his pet.
听第8段材料，第11至13题。
What is Mr. Stone doing now
A. Eating lunch. B. Having a meeting. C. Writing a diary.
Why does the man want to see Mr. Stone
A. To discuss a program. B. To make a travel plan. C. To ask for sick leave.
13. When will the man meet Mr. Stone this afternoon
A. At 3:00. B. At 3:30. C. At 3:45.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.What are the speakers talking about
A company. B. An interview. C. A job offer
Who is Monica Stansfield
A. A junior specialist. B. A department manager. C. A sales assistant.
16. When will the man hear from the woman
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did John enjoy doing in his childhood
A. Touring France. B. Playing outdoors. C. Painting pictures.
18. What did John do after he moved to the US
A. He did business. B. He studied biology. C. He worked on a farm.
19. Why did John go hunting
A. For food. B. For pleasure. C. For money.
20. What is the subject of John's works
A. American birds. B. Natural scenery. C. Family life.
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）
英 语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a supermarket. B. In the post office. C. In the street.
2. What did Carl do
A. He designed a medal. B. He fixed a TV set. C. He took a test.
3. What does the man do
A. He’s a tailor. B. He’s a waiter. C. He’s a shop assistant.
4. When will the flight arrive
A. At 18:20. B. At 18:35. C. At 18:50.
5. How can the man improve his article
A. By deleting unnecessary words.
B. By adding a couple of points.
C. By correcting grammar mistakes.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does Bill often do on Friday night
A. Visit his parents. B. Go to the movies. C. Walk along Broadway.
7. Who watches musical plays most often
A. Bill. B. Sarah. C. Bill’s parents.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does David want to speak to Mike
A. To invite him to a party. B. To discuss a schedule. C. To call off a meeting.
9. What do we know about the speakers
A. They are colleagues. B. They are close friends. C. They’ve never met before.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What kind of camera does the man want
A. A TV camera. B. A video camera. C. A movie camera.
11. Which function is the man most interested in
A. Underwater filming. B. A large memory. C. Auto-focus.
12. How much would the man pay for the second camera
A. 950 euros. B. 650 euros. C. 470 euros.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who is Clifford
A. A little girl. B. The man’s pet. C. A fictional character.
14. Who suggested that Norman paint for children’s books
A. His wife. B. Elizabeth. C. A publisher.
15. What is Norman’s story based on
A. A book. B. A painting. C. A young woman.
16. What is it that shocked Norman
A. His unexpected success. B. His efforts made in vain. C. His editor’s disagreement.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker
A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Visitors.
18. Why do people have small talk
A. To express opinions. B. To avoid arguments. C. To show friendliness.
19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk
A. Politics. B. Movies. C. Salaries.
20. What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture
A. Asking open-ended questions.
C. Making small talk interesting.
参考答案：听力练习（课标全国卷I，2019年6月）
1--5 BABCA 6--10 CBACC 11--15BACAB 16--20ACBAC
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国卷II）
1--5 BCBAC 6--10 CABAC 11--15BACCB 16--20ACABA
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国卷II）
1—5 CBACA 6—10 BBCCB 11—15 ACCAB 16—20 ABCBA