2020-2021学年中考英语语法专题复习 考点（三）：介词的用法

2021年中考英语语法专题考点（三）：常见介词的用法
45个初中常见介词的用法：
1、about
基本含义：a-b-out
“A在B外面”
引申含义：“A和B的联系”
1、在…周围：The
kids
are
sitting
about
their
teacher.
I
like
the
necklace
about
her
throat.
2、环绕：The
bird
always
flies
about
the
forest.
I
plan
to
travel
about
the
world.
3、关于：a
book
about
English
study
They
are
talking
about
the
new
film.
4、[adv]
大约
固定搭配：
1、How
about...?
2、something+adj+about
X
一些关于X的adj的事
2、above
基本含义：a-b-over
“A在B上方”
引申含义：
1、在…上方:The
sun
rose
above
the
horizon.
2、数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于…
There
is
nothing
in
the
store
above
50
cents.
“He
who
comes
after
me
is
above
me
,because
he
was
before
me”
固定搭配：
1、above
all:
首先（强调重要性）
Above
all,
he
was
an
outstanding
mathematician.
2、above
all
things:
最最…
What
you
need,
above
all
things,
is
confidence.
3、be
above
oneself:
兴高采烈=high
spirit
When
he
heard
the
good
news,
he
was
above
himself.
3、across
基本含义：a-grass
“A走过一片草坪”
引申含义：
1、穿过：She
walked
across
the
road.
2、在...对面:
The
bar
is
just
across
the
street.
3、交叉：He
sat
with
his
arms
across
his
chest.
The
two
lines
pass
across
each
other
at
right
angles.
固定搭配：
1、A
come
across
B.
A偶遇B。
I
came
across
Yu
Minhong
the
other
day.
2、A
get
sth
across
to
B.
A使某物被B了解。
I
want
to
get
my
theory
across
to
all
students.
4、after
基本含义：“A在B之后”
（强调顺序）
引申含义：
1、在…之后
（时间顺序、空间顺序）
After
dinner,
they
went
out
for
a
walk.
I
should
after
him,
but
he
still
went
on.
2、照着…的样子
Read
the
sentence
after
me,
please.
The
building
is
named
after
the
famous
hero.
I
will
make
a
box
after
that
one.
固定搭配：
1、be
after寻找/go
after
追逐/run
after
追求
You
should
run
after
your
own
dream.
2、after
all不管怎样
（即：在任何事情之后都一样）
After
all,
he
is
your
father.
3、look
after照顾
5、against
基本含义：a-g-e“相对”
引申含义：
1、碰着、靠着：She
was
leaning
against
a
tree.
2、反对：We
should
fight
against
crimes.
3、预防：Save
money
against
a
rainy
day.未雨绸缪
固定搭配：
1、go
against
违反（故意违反某人的意志）
He
chose
to
go
against
his
family.
2、be
against
（1）违反（违反法律、制度）
It
is
against
the
law
to
hunt
tigers.
(2)
反对
Lincoln
was
strongly
against
slavery.
（3）不利于
What
he
said
is
against
him.
6、around
基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）
引申含义：
1、在…周围:There
are
many
bars
around
the
towm.
2、在附近、到处：I
showed
him
around
our
campus.
3、【adv】大约：
There
are
around
1000
people
watching
the
game.
7、at
基本含义:“朝向一点”
引申含义:
1、小地点,或小时间点
Usually,
he
is
at
his
office
in
the
morning.
I
arrived
at
home
at
7:00.
Knock
at;look
at;aim
at;shoot
at;arrive
at…
2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因
He
showed
no
sign
of
pleasure
at
seeing
her.
Be
surprised/excited
at…;
8、as
基本含义:a-s
“一个/同个什么”
引申含义:
1、当作；作为；以…的身份：
He
poses
as
a
friend.
I
do
not
think
much
of
her
as
a
musician.
2、像，如同，跟…一样：
I
only
said
it
as
a
joke.我只是开玩笑说说而已。
3、[表示比较]像…(一样)：
as
early
as
1848早在1848年eyes
as
clear
as
crystals水晶般明亮的眼睛
4、例如：
In
some
words
in
English
the
initial
h
is
not
sounded,as
honour,hour,honesty,etc.
9、before
基本含义：“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）
引申含义：
1、时间上：Please
come
back
before
10:00pm.
2、空间上：Don’t
put
the
cart
before
the
horse.
3、顺序上：Health
should
come
before
wealth.
固定搭配：
1、before
long:过不了多久
2、before
time:提前
10、behind
基本含义：be
+
hide
“在…之后“
引申含义：
1、空间上，在…后面:
A
dog
is
running
behind
us.
2、在后台操纵：There
must
be
someone
behind
it.
3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后;
New
York
is
12
hours
behind
Beijing
in
time.
He
was
behind
others
in
ability.
11、beside
基本含义：be+side
“在…边上”
引申含义：
1、在...旁边=next
to…;
by
the
side
of…
a
town
beside
the
sea
She
sat
beside
the
teacher.
2、与...相比=compared
with
My
work
is
so
poor
beside
yours.
固定搭配：beside
oneself
高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形
12、besides
基本含义：“除…外，还有…”
There
were
2
other
students
in
the
classroom
besides
Tom.
13、between
基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”
引申含义：
1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：
Between
two
strange
buildings
stands
a
tree.
His
age
is
between
sixty
and
seventy.
2、表示两者之间的某种关系
He
has
to
decide
between
life
and
death.
This
is
a
secret
between
life
and
death（仅在我们俩之间）.
Kyou
should
learn
between
lines（字里行间）.
14、beyond
基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在…之外
引申含义：
1、“在远处、在…的那一边”
What
lies
beyond
my
reach.
2、“超出…的限度”（能力认识）
The
fruit
was
beyond
my
reach.
3、“除…了”
I
can’t
tell
you
anything
beyond
what
you
already
know.
固定搭配：
1、beyond
words无法形容
2、beyond
understanding难以理解
3、beyond
cure无可救药
4、beyond
endurance无法忍受
15、by
基本意思：by后面的名词很重要
引申含义：
1、在…旁边
We
prefer
a
table
by
the
window.
2、到…时候
We
have
studied
several
prepositions
by
now.
I
shall
have
finished
the
work
by
the
time
you
return.
3、通过…;根据…;
He
can
tell
the
direction
by
the
stars.
Don’t
judge
a
person
by
his
looks.
4、按…计算
Eggs
are
usually
sold
by
dozen.
The
temperature
has
risen
by
5
degrees.
5、被…；
He
was
shocked
by
what
he
had
seen.
固定搭配：
1、by
accident/chance偶然
2、by
all
means想尽一切办法、一定要
3、by
no
means绝不、一点儿也不
4、by
turns轮流
5、by
mistake出于误会
16、despite
基本意思：尽管、不顾=in
spite
of
The
old
professor
kept
on
working
despite
his
poor
health.
17、down
基本意思：向下
引申含义：
1、表示自上而下
In
order
to
catch
the
bus
they
run
down
the
hill.
Tears
run
down
her
face
quietly.
2、沿着河、沿着路
He
walked
down
the
road.
We
sailed
down
the
river.
固定搭配
Sth
break
down坏了
Let
sb
down
令某人失望
18、during
基本意思：在…期间
引申含义：
1、在整个…期间
Not
a
word
did
they
say
during
the
meal.
I
haven’t
had
any
meat
during
the
last
several
years.
2、在…期间的某个时刻
I
saw
Linda
during
the
meeting.
19、except
基本意思：ex-cept拿出来
Everyone
was
here
except
Tom.
【注意】
besides表示“加”，except表示“减”
20、for
基本意思：“为”
引申含义：
1、为了
I
bought
a
gift
for
you.
He
played
football
for
England.
He
paid
50
cents
for
that
book.
2、因为
Bejing
is
famous
for
its
long
history.
I
thank
you
for
what
you
have
done
for
me.
3、作为
I
had
some
chocolate
for
breakfast.
4、表示时间、距离的长短
I
haven’t
seen
you
for
years.
For
miles
and
miles
you
see
nothing
but
trees.
固定搭配：
long
for;
thirst
for…
渴望…
for
the
moment;
for
the
present
现在、此刻
for
the
sake
of…
为了
I
bear
all
this
for
the
sake
of
my
work.
for
my
part
对我而言
for
fear
of…
唯恐.../以防...
for
pleasure;
for
fun
为了消遣
for
sale
出售
21、in
基本意思：在...范围之中
引申含义：
1、在...范围之中（时间、地点）
We
sat
down
in
the
shade
of
the
trees.
Rome
was
not
built
in
a
day.
2、在...情绪之中
I
am
in
doubt
about
it.
They
are
in
great
enthusiasm
about
the
project.
3、在...状态之中
You
have
put
yourself
in
danger.
Their
economy
was
in
chaos.
Please
put
all
the
books
in
order.
4、穿着...
The
police
were
all
in
plain
clothes.
I
was
in
a
jacket
that
day.
5、用...语言
The
letters
were
written
in
Chinese.
What’s
this
in
Englishi?
固定搭配：
in
a
sense在某种程度上
in
accordance根据...；按照...
in
advance提前
in
general一般而言
in
one’s
opinion根据某人观点
22、inside
基本含义：在...里面（静态）
I
looked
into
the
box,
only
to
find
nothing
inside
it.
23、into
基本含义：进入...的里面（动态）
引申含义：
1、进入...的里面
It
was
rainning,
so
they
went
into
the
house.
He
immediately
copied
those
sentences
into
his
book.
2、进入某种状态
I
burst
into
tears/laughter.
You
must
put
the
theory
into
practice.
3、变成.../成为...
The
book
has
been
translated
into
many
languages.
Those
experiences
have
changed
him
into
a
true
man.
固定搭配：
get
sb
into
trouble/difficulties
使遇到麻烦
look
into
调查，研究
run
into
碰到，邂逅
24、like
基本含义：“像”
He
looks
like
his
father.
It
was
like
fishing
for
a
needle
in
the
ocean.
It
was
not
like
her.
25、of
基本含义：“属于某个集合”
引申含义：
1、属于
I
am
a
student
of
this
school.
2、由...制成的
The
desk
is
made
of
wood.
3、表示人或物的性质
They
two
are
of
the
same
height.
English
is
of
great
importance.
4、表示后者修饰前者的A
of
B
The
2008
Olympic
Games
was
held
in
the
City
of
Beijing.
5、表示前者修饰后者的A
of
B(此时A为数量词)
Millions
of
people
are
celebrating
the
festival.
26、off
基本含义：“离开”
引申含义；
1、从某物体上分离出来（动态）
Cut
small
piece
off
the
bread.
Tom
fell
off
the
wall.
2、表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态）
The
old
man
lives
on
an
island
off
the
coast.
27、on
基本含义：“吸附”
引申含义：
1、在...上面
Put
the
book
on
the
desk.
2、在某个特定的时间上
The
accident
happened
on
the
cold
winter
morning.
3、“关于”
a
lecture
on
English
study.
4、处于某种状态
I
am
on
a
tour
to
Japan.
The
influence
of
China
is
rapidly
on
the
rise.
28、opposite
基本含义：”op-po”对立，在对面
I
am
sitting
opposite
Tom.
29、out
of
基本含义：“出”
引申含义“
1、从...出发、从...出来
He
ran
out
of
the
house.
2、从总体中“分离出“一部分
Three
out
of
four
people
are
in
favor
of
the
plan.
3、“出于“
I
study
English
out
of
interest.
4、没有了
I
have
run
out
of
money.
I
was
out
of
breath
when
I
got
there.
5、从中提取出来（类似于made
from）
Flour
is
made
out
of
wheat.
30、outside
基本含义：out+side“在外边“
引申含义：
1、外部的
Outside
the
window
lies
a
bridge.
2、除了=excepet
No
one
knows
it
outside
the
members
of
my
own
family.
31、over
基本含义：盖在...上面
引申含义：
1、在...上面
I
put
a
cloth
over
the
table.
I
saw
a
bridge
over
the
river.
2、在...问题上
Do
not
cry
over
spilt
milk.
3、凌驾于...之上
The
king
rules
over
the
empire.
32、past
基本含义：超过
引申含义：
1、经过
I
drove
past
your
house
yesterday.
2、时间或年龄上超过
It
is
a
quarter
past
nine.
33、regarding
基本含义：有意识地相关
He
wants
to
talk
with
me
regarding
his
future.
Regarding
you
recent
enquiry...
关于您最近的询问
34、since
基本含义：自从
引申含义：
He
has
not
written
to
his
parents
since
last
Christmas.
I
have
been
in
Beijing
since
2010.
I
have
been
here
since
then.
35、through
基本含义：穿过（跐溜）
引申含义：
1、通过、穿过
Walk
through
the
door.
2、贯穿一段时间
It
keeps
raining
through
April.
3、经历
He
has
gone
through
the
whole
event.
4、通过某种途径
The
American
people
won
their
freedom
through
struggle.
36、throughout
基本含义：全部包括
引申含义：
1、在整个...地区
The
good
news
has
spread
throughout
the
country.
2、在整个...时间
He
has
been
feeling
bad
throughout
the
day.
37、to
基本含义：“去、到”，强调目的、方向
引申含义：
1、“到”某个位置、方向
go
to
school
2、“到”某个时间、数目
Don’t
leave
things
to
the
last
moment.
3、“到”某个状态
The
music
can
put
you
to
sleep
in
a
short
while.
4、“对着”某个对象
Don’t
yell
to
me.
5、“对于”某个对象
It
is
important
to
me.
38、towards
基本含义：方向、趋势
引申含义：
1、表示动作的方向
He
ran
toward
to
horizon.
2、“对于”
She
has
a
mixed
feeling
towards
him.
39、under
基本含义：在...之下
引申含义：
1、在某物之下：
The
dog
likes
sitting
under
the
table.
2、少于
It’s
population
is
under
2000.
3、受...支配
We
will
be
very
happy
to
work
under
his
leadership.
40、until
/
till
基本含义：某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点
I
shall
go
on
working
until
next
week.
In
any
case,
it’s
better
to
wait
until
tomorrow.
41、up
基本含义：“向上”
引申含义：
1、向...上面，由...向上
He
ran
up
the
hill.
2、沿着马路、沿着河
He
lived
up
the
river.
We
walked
together
up
the
garden
path.
42、upon
基本含义：upon
=
on
较正式
This
is
a
book
upon
English.
43、with
基本含义：在一起，伴随
引申含义：
1、“和...在一起、一道”
He
lives
with
his
parents.
2、支持某人
I
am
with
you
on
your
point.
3、对的态度或情绪
The
dog
is
friendly
with
me.
My
father
is
strict
with
me.
4、“用、以”
Kill
two
birds
with
one
stone.
5、带着
Don’t
go
to
bed
with
anger.
44、within
基本含义：在...之内
引申含义：
1、在...之内
A
desire
for
success
burns
within
him.
2、不超过...
The
book
is
within
reach
of
the
students.
45、without
基本含义：没有
引申含义：
1、没有...事物
We
couldn’t
have
finished
the
work
without
you
.
2、没有做...
He
left
without
telling
me.
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