2020学年中考英语语法专题复习 考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法

2021年中考英语语法专题考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法
复习目标：
1、什么是非谓语动词？
2、非谓语动词的含义、形式和用法各是怎样的？
3、初中阶段常见的非谓语动词搭配
一.
非谓语动词的含义：
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
二.
非谓语动词的形式及用法：
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：
一、动词不定式
1.
动词不定式作宾语。
1)
在动词
want
,hope,would
like,decide,wish,
choose,try
,need
等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
I
hope
(hear)from
you
soon
.
2)
think/find/feel/make
it
+
adj
+
to
do
sth
He
found
it
difficult
(get)
to
sleep.
3).stop
to
do
sth
/
stop
doing
sth
stop
to
do
sth
停下来去做某事
After
working
for
a
long
time
,
He
has
to
stop
(have
)
a
rest
.
stop
doing
sth
停止正在做的事。
He
was
very
tired
,
so
he
had
to
stop
(work).
2.
动词不定式作宾语补。
1).
带
to
的不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask
/
like
/would
like
/teach
/tell
/want
/help
+sb
+to
do
sth
Please
ask
him
(come)
quickly.
2).
省掉
to
的不定式作宾补的动词有：let
/make
/
hear
/see
/notice
/have/watch+sb
+do
sth
注：省掉
to
的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原
to
.
He
made
the
baby
(stop)
crying
.
The
baby
was
made
(stop)
crying.
3.
动词不定式作主语
1).
动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2).
常用
it
作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。
To
do
sth
+谓语动词+adj
/n
=
It
+谓语动词+adj
/
n
+
to
do
sth
To
get
an
injection
is
a
little
painful
.
=
It’s
a
little
painful
to
get
an
injection
4.
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to
do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。
I
want
a
pen
to
write
with.
I
want
a
piece
of
paper
to
write
on.
5.
动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+
to
do
sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to
do
sth”.
Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
hospital
?
=
Can
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
hospital.
6.
动词不定式可作状语
1).
动词不定式可作目的状语
在
come
/
go
/
leave
后面接动词不定式作目的状语。
He
came
here
(get)his
book.
2).
动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/
glad
/afraid/
pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语He
was
glad
(see)
his
wife.
3).
动词不定式可作结果状语
在
too…to
…,
not
…enough
to
…句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。
He
was
too
tired
(walk)
on
.
7.
动词不定式作表语be
+
to
do
sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。
Her
wish
is
(become)
a
doctor
.
=
is
her
wish
.
8.
动词不定式的否定形式
在动词不定式的前面加
not
.
He
told
me
(not
stay)
here
.
9.
动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。
1).动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉
to
.但两者有对比关系时，to
都不能省略。
Edison’s
mother
taught
him
to
write
and
read
.
I
haven’t
decided
to
go
home
or
to
go
to
the
cinema.
2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。
—Will
you
take
a
walk
with
me
?
—I’m
glad
to
.
—Would
you
like
to
join
my
birthday
party
?
—I
would
love
to
.
二、动名词
1.
动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading
in
bed
(be)
bad
for
your
eyes.
2.
有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。
三、现在分词
1.
现在分词常放在see,
hear
,watch
,notice
等之后作宾补。
I
saw
the
boy
(play)in
the
street
just
now
.
2.
现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A
sleeping
baby
=
a
baby
who
is
sleeping
.
Did
you
know
the
man
talking
to
Mr
Li?=
Did
you
know
the
man
who
was
talking
to
Mr
Li?
3.
现在分词表伴随情况
He
came
into
the
classroom
,carrying
a
book.
四、过去分词
1.
作宾补
have
/get
+sth
+done
表示请别人干某事I
had
my
TV
repaired
last
night
.
2.
作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have
you
ever
read
any
books
written
by
Luxun?
=
Have
you
ever
read
any
books
which
were
written
by
Luxun?
3.
作表语
过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My
cup
is
broken
.
4