牛津上海版中考一轮复习名词学案（无答案）

第1章 名词
I. 专有名词和普通名词
专有名词表示特定的或者独一无二的人或物，如人名，地名，机构名称等。
专有名词的首字母要大写，如：
China Africa Mr. Green
一般的人名、地名通常不带定冠词，但河流、海岸、群岛、海峡等名词带定冠词， 如：the Pacific Ocean the English Channel
某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词，如：
the Great Wall the Children’s Palace the People’s Park
the Chinese New Year the United States of America
专有名词一般没有复数形式。但表示姓的专有名词变成复数时，指改姓的一家人， 前面必须加定冠词，如：
the Greens the Smith the Wangs
普通名词表示一类人、物或事，可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词指人或物的个体，是可数名词。
集体名词是一群人或物的总称，有些事可数名词，有些是不可数名词。
可数名词：a class--two classes a team--two teams
不可数名词：furniture equipment
物质名词表示不能分为分体的物质，多数是不可数名词。
抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，多数是不可数名词。
专项训练 1
选择填空
1. There are some __________ in the fridge.
A. fruit B. dishes C. bread D. ice-cream
2. __________ chicken did you have for lunch?
A. How B. What C. How many D. How much
3. I think you’d better not eat __________ sweets.
A. too many B. too much C. so many D. so much
4. __________ Amazon is shorter than __________ Nile.
A. An … a B. The … / C. / … / D. The … the
5. The Browns __________ a football match when the guests knocked on the door.
A. was watching B. is watching C. were watching D. are watching
6. China is famous for __________.
A. great wall B. the great wall C. Great Wall D. the Great Wall
7. The government needs __________ money to make the rivers clean.
A. a lot B. a great many
C. a large amount of D. a large number of
8. Washington is the capital of __________.
A. America B. an America C. the America D. Americans
9. We should take __________.
A. a good advice B. an advice good
C. some good advice D. some good advices
10. TV news often gives us lots of __________.
A. informations B. information
C. piece of information D. pieces of informations
11. If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a __________.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
12. These young people are now making an active __________ to save the old temple.
A. part B.effort C. decision D. plan
13. His favorite __________is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs. (09中考 天津)
A. film B. singer C. band D. concert
14. There is more __________ today so life is more dangerous and less healthy. (09中考 天津)
A. knowledge B. freedom C. pollution D. population
15. Don't push to the front; you ·have to wait your__________
A. chance B. duty C. line D. turn
16. --I'm afraid I can't get there before 9 o'clock.
-- That's OK. There's __________. (09 中考 安徽)
A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
17. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into __________ .
fall B. reality C. practice D. deed
II. 可数名词
1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成如下：
大部分可数名词，通常加-s变成复数，如：
day--days card--cards ship--ships month—months
以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的名词，加-es变成复数，如：
class--classes box--boxes brush-brushes match--matches
以 o结尾的名词，加-s变复数，如：
radio- radios photo- photos zoo- zoos piano-pianos video- videos
kilo- kilos
或加-es变成复数，如： potato- potatoes tomato- tomatoes
Eg. Irish people eat a lot of __________ for their meals.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. photoes
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es变为复数，如：
city- cities lady- ladies family- families factory- factories dormitory- dormitories
以-f或fe结尾的名词，变-f为v，再加-es变成复数，如：
life- lives knife- knives wife- wives wolf- wolves half-halves shelf- shelves scarf- scarves
Eg. The deadly disease spread rapidly took away thousands of __________.
A. live B. life C. lifes D. lives
但是以-f结尾的名词，可直接加-s变成复数，如：
roof-roofs proof- proofs handkerchief- handkerchiefs
Eg. What Darwin（达尔文）said was an attack on people's religious（宗教的）__________.
A. belief B. beliefs C. believe D.believes
【分析】易错题。
2. 不规则可数名词复数形式的构成如下：
单、复数同形，如：sheep deer Chinese headquarters
Eg. There are some __________ waiting for you outside.
A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese
通过内部元音字母变构成为复数，如：
man- men woman- women policeman- policemen postman- postmen
mouse- mice Englishman- Englishmen Frenchman- Frenchmen foot- feet
tooth- teeth goose- geese
通过加-en变成复数，如：
child- children ox- oxen
3. 可数名词可以有下量词修饰，如：
few mistakes a few photos some vegetables many buildings plenty of animals
a lot of books lots of toys a large number of buses large number of countries
a pair of shoes a group of students hundreds of flags
Eg.
①. Because of the economic crisis, a lot of products are on sale,but __________ good ones.
A. any B. some C. few D. many
②. __________ enjoy watching the English program “Shanghai Rush” on ICS.
Most student B. Most of students
C. Most of student D. Most of the students
③. Years have passed. I find Mother has __________
A . a little white hair B. much white hair
C. some white hair D. a few white hairs
【分析】易错题。
4. 有些可数名词只有复数形式，如：
clothes trousers
Eg. Please get me a new __________ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. Trousers
专项训练2
选择填空
1. In this letter, Uncle Lee told us many __________ about his visit to the United States.
A. news B. stories C. information D. truth
2. I spent large numbers of __________ preparing for the final exams.
A. energy B. time C. hours D. strength
3. Many tourists from different __________ come to visit Shanghai every year.
A. country B. countrys C. countries D. countries
4. Miss Smith doesn’t have __________ housework to do today.
A. much B. many C. a lot D. a piece
5. We finally got several __________ of his innocence.
A. proof B. proofs C. proves D. proves
6. A group of boy students __________ basketball on the playground at the moment.
A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing
7. My aunt bought __________ cotton stockings for me at the department store.
A. a pair of B. a loaf of C. a piece of D. a group of
8. Wang Daming has caught some __________, and his family will have__________ for supper
today.
A. fish … fishes B. fishes … fish C. fishes … fishes D. fishing … fish
9. There are many __________ in this hospital.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. women doctors
10. Last week I ate __________.
A. too much hamburger B. too many hamburger
C. too many hamburgers D. too much hamburgers
11. --Do you like to listen to “Mozart”?
--Yes. Listening to __________ is my favourite. (08年中考山东)
songs B. music C. stories D. News
12. Ann is helpful and she often gives me a __________ when I’m in trouble.
A. reply B. hand C. seat D. reason
13. "You Are the Chef" invites famous__________ to teach audience how to make delicious dishes on TV.
A. cookers B. cookery C. cooks D. cooking
14. You have to make__________ for your journey.
A. preparing B. preparation C. a preparation D. preparations
【分析】易错题。
15. Their factory has developed a kind of __________ to help people walk.
A. machine B. machines C. a machine D. the machine
【分析】易错题。a kind of 后面加名词单数，名词前不加冠词
III. 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有单复区别，一般以单数对待；物质名词和抽象名词多数为不可数名词。
2. 不可数名词如果要及时的话，要使用“单位词”，如：a bottle of water a piece of paper three cups of tea two piece of information
3. 不可数名词可以有以下一些量词修饰，如：
little rain a little food some fruit much information plenty of water
a lot of housework lots of money an amount of snow huge amount of wood
Eg.
①. Professor Li often gave his students __________ on how to write essays.
A. some advice B. a piece of advice
C. a few advices D. little advice
②. You should do more __________ .Don’t always be at the desk buy doing your __________.
exercises, exercises C. exercise, exercise
C. exercises, exercise D. exercise, exercises
③. It’s going to be a busy day today. I have __________ work to do.
A. a hard B. a lot C. many D. Much
④. Some __________ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboo
④. What __________ weather we’re having these days!
A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. Worse
⑤. Old as he is, he has _________ to do every day.
A. a lot of work B. much works
C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks
⑥. Jack’s room is furnished with __________.
A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture
专项训练3
选择填空
1. There was __________ mud on the ground after the heavy rain.
A. any B. many C. much D. lot of
2. I need __________ scissors to cut the paper.
A. a B. a pair of C. a piece of D. two
3. Don’t eat __________ chocolate. It’s bad to your teeth.
A. too much B. so much C. too many D. so many
4. We need huge amounts of __________ about computers.
A. books B. notes C. newspapers D. information
5. We have __________ in our new flat.
A. much furniture B. many furnitures
C. plenty furniture D. a lot of furnitures
6. You may find __________ rubbish at a building site.
A. many B. a lot of C. plenty D. amount of
7. Mr. and Mrs. Green are a happy __________.
A. pair B. group C. couple D. people
8. Electrical appliances are powered by __________.
A. electric B. electricity C. electricitys D. electricities
9. Would the students like to have a discussion on __________ in class?
A. pollution B. pollutions C. a pollution D. some pollutions
10. What __________ we are having today!
A. such a nice weather B. a nice weather
C. so nice a weather D. nice weather
IV. 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格构成如下：
非复数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词，通常加-’s构成所有格，如：
Eg.
①. Do you know how large __________ is?
population of China B. Chinese population
C. China population D. China’s population
②. He had __________ sleep yesterday.
a good night B. a good-night C. a good night’s D. good-night’s
【分析】易错题。a good night’s sleep.表示“一夜好觉”，为固定搭配。
③. A plant depends on its green leaves for using__________ to make food for itself.
A. the sun energy B. the sun's energy
C. the energy of sun D. energy of the sun
【分析】易错题。
以-s结尾的复数名词，通常只加-’构成所有格。
Eg. Beer is __________ favourite drink.
A. German B. German's C. Germans' D. Germen's
并列名词所有格的构成如此啊：如果为两人共有，只在后一个名词词尾加-’s，如：
Alice and Kitty’s desk
Eg. I found the bottle in __________ room.
A. Sara and Kate B. Sara’s and Kate’s
C. Sara’s and Kate D. Sara and Kate’s
如果分属个人所有，则在每个并列名词之后都加-’是，如：
Betty’s and Mary’s rooms (=Betty’s room and Mary’s room)
在某些表示时间、地点、量度、天梯名称的名词也用-’s表示所有格，如：
today’s newspaper half an hour’s walk
Eg.
①. It’s not far,only __________ walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’
②. Have you read _________ newspaper yet?
A. today’s B. today C. the today’s D. your today’s
5) 表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如：at the barber’s 在理发店
Eg. I’m going to call at __________ this evening.
A. Mr. Black B. The Blacks C. Mr. Black’s D. Blacks’
【分析】易错题。人名’s表示某人的家里，call at拜访。
名词作定语，通常用单数形式。如：a movie star 一个电影明星 a shoe factory 一个鞋厂
Eg.
①. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest __________ shop?
shoes B. shoe C. Shoes’ D. shoe’s
【分析】易错题。名词作定语修饰shop，此时shoe要用单数。
②. There are 34 _________ doctors in the hospital.
woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s
【分析】易错题。表示性别时，woman作为名词可作定语修饰名词，表示复数时两个名词都要用复数形式，如women doctors, women drivers等。
③. They say that the meeting will be __________.
A. of very important B. great importance
C. of great importance D. great important
【分析】易错题。of +名词相当于形容词，可作表语，后置定语，可译为“有”“具有”“拥有”。
④. While washing up. she broke a__________
A. glass wine B. wine glass C. glass of wine D. wine of glass
【分析】易错题。
⑤. The fussy(挑剔的) customer wrote _________ letter to complain about the service of the
hotel.
A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’
2. 无生命物的名词用of表示所属关系。
Eg.
①. Nothing was found but __________ broken.
A. the room window B. the window of the room
C. the room of the window D. the window room
【分析】易错题。
②. __________ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight B. The box's weigh
C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight
3. 双重所有格
Eg.
①. David talked with a friend of __________ on the Internet for a long time yesterday.(08年中 考上海)
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
②. He wants nothing but a house of _________.
his own B. himself C. his father D. his own house
【分析】易错题。of one’s own 是固定搭配，表示“属于某人自己的”，sth应当位于of的前面，所以答案为A。
专项训练4
选择填空
1. Li Dong is a friend of my __________. We often play card games together.
A. brother B. brothers C. brothers’s D. brother’s
2. The children enjoyed themselves at the __________ Palace.
A. Childs’ B. Children C. Children’s D. Childrens’
3. It’s twenty __________ walk from my home to school.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’
4. Is there any news in __________ newspaper?
A. today B. today’s C. todays’ D. today of
5. __________ explosive was used for making roads.
A. Nobel’s B. Nobels’ C. Nobel D. The Nobel’s
6. Tom’s and Peter’s __________ are good friends.
A. father B. Father C. fathers D. Fathers
7. My scarf is softer than __________.
A. Kitty B. Kitty’s C. Kittys D. Kittys’
8. Susan and Betty live in the same flat. It is __________.
A. Susan and Betty B. Susan’s and Betty
C. Susan and Betty’s D. Susan’s and Betty’s
9. Three-fourths of __________ surface is covered with water.
A. the earth’s B. the earth C. earth’s D. the earths’
10. -- What have you finished?
-- I have finished __________.
A. a day work B. a day’s work C. day’s working D. a-day-work
综合训练
I. 选择与下列句子中划线部分意义最接近的单词或短语，将相应的大写字母填入括号中。
(A)
A. nap B. author C. square D. creature E. characters
1. The twins have different personalities.
2. We usually have a short sleep after lunch.
3. Do you know who the writer of the book is?
4. What’s that strange living thing with eight arms?
5. Many people gather in the four-sided area on Sunday.
答案：EABDC
(B)
A. pocket money B. natural landscape C. plan for spending money D. the natural world around us E. a large group of soldiers
1. It’s our duty to serve in the army.
2. What’s your monthly budget for food?
3. The scenery around Guilin is beautiful.
4. My mother gives me an allowance of 50 yuan a month.
5. If we destroy our environment, we will destroy ourselves.
答案：ECBAD
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限填一词。
1. Here’s an __________ for you. (invite) invitation
2. Old John suffered from the __________. (ill) illness
3. The children should learn about road __________. (save) safety
4. __________ is the most important thing for a person. (honest) Honesty
5. Mr. Carter showed us his __________ of stamps. (collect) collection
6. Professor Qian made a __________ at yesterday’s meeting. (speak) speech
7. Radio was a wonderful __________. Marconi was its __________. (invent) invention; inventor
8. Do you think computers will completely take the place of __________? (human) humans
9. Last Friday afternoon my father saw a bank __________ with his own eyes. (rob) robbery
10. Billy delivered newspapers and saved some of the money for his college __________. (expensive) expenses
III. 选择方框内的单词，并用它的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
(A)
mix wise speak manage important
1. __________ comes with experience. Wisdom
2. Mr. Smith took his __________ advice. manager’s
3. Air is a __________ of gases. mixture
4. Do you realize the __________ of this question? importance
5. The sound of a radio or TV set comes from the __________. speakers
(B)
vary excite person pollute medical
1. This is a good kind of __________ for colds. medicine
2. The new law will reduce __________ of the air. pollution
3. The children could not hide their __________ on Christmas Eve. excitement
4. Kitty and Alice are good friends because their __________ are the similar. personalities
5. There’s so much __________ in my new job. I do something different every day! variety
IV. 在短文的空格内填入适当的名词，使其内容通顺，每空限填一词，首字母已给。
Forests are important not only as sources of wood, but also as r__________ places for tired
city people. They will do good to the soil, the w__________ and the air because they can keep water from running off, make the w__________ weak and clean the air. In short, they are very important to p__________ life.
But unluckily, people have cut down too many trees since the early 1980s and in the 1990s,
because of the polluted air and people’s c__________, many trees lost their leaves, their g__________ becomes slow and they finally die. Forests are becoming less. T__________ like this can’t go on and it is t__________ to do something to protect the forests.
答案：recreation; weather; wind; people’s; carelessness; growth; Things; time
牛津教材：名词
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4A Unit1名词所有格: Peter's
4A Unit 3名词所有格: Ginger's
4B Unit 2 Danny’s
6A Unit11 名词短语
7A Unit1 方位名词
8A Unit5 可数名词和不可数名词