上海市牛津上海版英语二轮复习基本句型学案（含答案）

第13 章 基本句型
Ⅰ. 句子的种类
i. 句子按用途和目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
1. 陈述句：用来叙述一件事情或说明一个事实，包括肯定和否定形式；陈述句句末用句号，句末用降调。
2. 疑问句：用来提出疑问，句末用句号。根据提问的形式，疑问句又可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1）一般疑问句：通常可用yes或no回答问题的问句，句末用升调。
2）特殊疑问句：就句子中某一部分进行提问的问句。特殊疑问句以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，句末用降调。
3）选择疑问句：提供对方两种或两种以上情况，要求选择其中之一来回答的问句。选择疑问句or前面半句用升调，句末用降调。
4）反意疑问句：对陈述句所讲的情况提出相反疑问的问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是省略的问句（tag-question）。如前一部分用肯定是，后一部分则用否定式；如前一部分用否定式，后一部分则用肯定式。如前半句中有never, seldom和hardly等含否定意义的副词时，tag-question一般用肯定形式。在表示对所问的情况把握不大时句末用升调，如把握较大时句末可用降调。
3. 祈使句：用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。它的主语you通常省略。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，句末用降调。
4. 感叹句：用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。感叹句一般有①“What+名词短语+陈述句”和②“How+形容词/副词+陈述句”两种形式，也有③“How+陈述句”的形式。感叹句句末用感叹号，句末用降调。
Eg.
1. The town government set up a new modern hospital for farmers,__________?
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. did it D. didn’t it
2. __________ does a flying saucer look like?
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
3. My brother never gets up early on Sunday mornings, __________?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. can he D. isn’t he
4. __________ surprising news they have got!
A. What B. What a C. How D. What piece of
5. There is nothing important in today’s newspaper,__________?
A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it
6. __________ interesting it is to chat with you on the Internet every day!
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
7. They hardly have time to listen to music,__________?
A. do they B. have they
C. don’t they D. haven’t they
8. __________ is it from here to the nearest post office?
A. How fast B. How many
C. How far D. How long
9. __________enjoyable trip the Spring Outing was!
A. What B. What a
C. What an D. How
10. - __________will the next light rail train come?
- In ten minutes.
A. How long B. How far
C. How often D. How soon
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. David stayed at home all day last Saturday.(改为反意疑问句）
David stayed at home all day last Saturday,__________ __________?
2. My mother doesn’t like hamburgers.(改为反意疑问句）
My mother doesn’t like hamburgers,__________ __________ ?
3. The students could hardly hear the lecturer.(改为反意疑问句）
The students could hardly hear the lecturer,__________ __________?
4. Alice has made little progress this term.(改为反意疑问句）
Alice has made little progress this term,__________ __________?
5. I don’t think it is difficult to learn English well.(改为反意疑问句）
I don’t think it is difficult to learn English well, __________ __________?
6. She looks very beautiful In her pink hat. (改为感叹句）
__________beautiful she __________ in her pink hat!
7. You have taken very good advice.(改为感叹句）
__________ __________advice you have taken!
8. She’s told us a very interesting story.(改为感叹句）
__________ __________interesting story she’s told us!
9. Bi is a very honest boy.(改为感叹句）
__________ __________Bill is!
The Olympic Games are held every four years.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________are the Olympic Games held?
【答案】1.didn’t he 2. does she 3. could they 4. has she 5. is it
6. How , looks 7. What good 8. What an 9. How honest 10. How often

ii. 句子结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句
1. 简单句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。
2. 并列句：由两个语法上互不修饰的主谓结构的句子组成，常由and, but, so, or等并列连词连接。
3. 复合句：由一个主句和一个以上的从句组成，常由从属连词连接。复合句可以是主句和状语从句、主句和宾语从句、主句和表语从句、主句和主语从句、主句和定语从句等组成。
专项训练2
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
They didn’t go for a walk because of the rain.(改为复合句）
They didn’t go for a walk because __________ __________
2. The art gallery was too crowded for us to get in.(改为复合句）
The art gallery was __________ crowded that we __________get in it.
3. Tom knows how to use a computer.(改为复合句）
Tom knows how __________ __________ use a computer.
4. The driver kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.(改为复合句）
The driver kept silent about the accident __________ __________ he might not lose his job.
5. We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at on. holiday.(改为复合句）.
We haven’t decided which hotel __________ __________ stay at on holiday.
6. Some people like wooden chairs better than sofas.(改为.简单句）
Some people __________ wooden chairs __________sofas. .
7. This maths problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out.(改为简单句）
This maths problem is too difficult __________ __________ to work out.
8. The girl is so clever that she can memorize new words quickly(.改为简单句）
The girl is clever __________ __________memorize new words quickly.
9. You must get everything ready as soon you can.(改为简单句）
You must get everything ready as soon.__________ __________.
10. You will fail the test again if you don’t study hard.(改为简单句）
You will fail the test again __________hard __________ .
11 We enjoyed the dinner. And. we also enjoyed the party.(合并为一句)
We enjoyed __________the dinner __________the party.
Professor Li doesn’t smoke. He doesn’t drink，either.(合并为一句）
Professor Li __________ smokes ___________drinks.
They won’t watch television this evening. They will play cards instead.(合并为一句)
They will play cards instead __________ __________television this evening.
14. Do the students often speak English after class? She asked...(合并为一句）
She asked __________the students often __________ English after class.
【答案】1.didn’t he 2. does she 3. could they 4. has she 5. is it
6. How ,looks 7. What good 8. What an 9.How honest 10.How often
Ⅱ. 基本句型
i. 主语+连系动词（link-v.）+表语
1. 谓语由连系动词和表语构成，连系动词有：be, keep, seem, appear; get, turn, grow, become; look, sound, smell, taste, feel等。
2. 表语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式、分词和句子等充当。
3. 有些动词既可以是连系动词，也可以是及物动词或不及物动词。比较下面两组例句。
A组的谓语动词都是连系动词，B组的谓语动词是不及物动词或及物动词。
（A） （B）
The girl looked worried. The girl looked around.
女孩看起来烦恼。 女孩环顾四周。
The flowers smell sweet. He is smelling the flowers.
花闻起来香甜。 他正在闻花的香味。

专项训练3
用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限填一词。
1. Playing computer games is __________to your eyesight. (harm)
2. Jack looked __________ when he knew he had failed again.(happily)
3. If we want to keep __________, we must help fight pollution, (health)
4. It’s __________to let young children to play with electrical appliances. (danger)
5. Are you __________with my story? (boring)
6. Mr Smith is very __________in business matters.(honesty)
7. Why are you so __________ these days ? (forget)
8. The new teacher’s first lesson was excellent. It was really a good __________. (begin)
9. After the strong tsunami (海啸), thousands of people became __________.(home)
10. It’s __________ to give children money in red packets at Chinese New Year. (tradition)
【答案】1.harmful 2.unhappy 3.healthy 4.dangerous 5. bored
6.honest 7.forgetful 8.beginning 9. homeless 10.traditional
ii. 主语+不及物动词（vi.）
1. 谓语由不及物动词构成。
2. 常见不及物动词有：come, go, arrive, appear, fall等。
专项训练4
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1. Classes __________(begin) at 8 a. m. in schools.
2. The earth __________(move) around the sun.
3. The plane __________off if the weather is bad. (not take) : .
4. The temperature __________below 0°C last night. (drop)
5. The price of meat ________(rise) since last month.
6. The telephone services __________(develop) quickly not only in cities but also in villages now.
7. It __________(snow) heavily when we __________(set) out this morning..
8. When Miss Li __________(arrive) at the railway station, the train __________(leave)
9. __________ (not talk) to him now. He __________(work) on the difficult maths problem.
10. Marco __________(work) as an engineer in a joint venture since he __________(come) to China last year.
【答案】1.begin 2.moves 3.won’t take 4. dropped 5. has risen 6. are developing
7. was snowing, set 8.arrived, had left 9.Don’t talk, is working 10.has worked,came
iii. 主语+不及物动词（vi.）+状语
1. 谓语由不及物动词和状语构成。
2. 状语可以由副词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、名词词组和句子等充当。
专项训练 5
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My partner runs __________ than I. (fast)
2. What time do you __________ go to bed? (general)
3. The students will go __________ this weekend. (camp)
4. He can speak English as __________ as his father. (fluent)
5. She speaks English __________ in her class. (good)
6. My brother travels __________ than I. (far)
7. When we heard our football team won the match, we all jumped __________. (happy)
8. The students went out of the classroom __________. (excite)
9. I rang my parents and told them I had arrived __________. (safe)
10. The students have to think about their future __________. (individual)
Answers: 1.faster 2.generally 3.camping 4.fluently 5.best 6.farther 7.happily 8.excitedly 9.safely 10.individually
iv. 主语+及物动词（vt.）+宾语
1. 谓语由及物动词和宾语构成。
2. 常见单宾语及物动词有：open, make, buy, order, read, see, do, drive, hear等。
3. 宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
专项训练 6
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My friends enjoyed __________ at my birthday party last week. (their)
2. We’ll have a __________ on how to speed Christmas Day soon. (discuss)
3. Stop __________ me when I’m talking. (interrupt)
4. Professor Qian made a __________ at yesterday’s meeting. (speak)
5. He felt no __________ about doing his duty. (hesitate)
6. We have __________ that this man committed the crime. (prove)
7. These people had __________ of various kinds all the year round. (amuse)
8. I still remember __________ with my uncle on the lake for the first time. (skate)
9. The receiver found the __________ of the money at last. (send)
10. Mr Smith gave a __________ from Shakespeare at the English Evening yesterday. (recite)
Answers: 1.themselves 2.discussions 3.interrupting 4.speech 5.hesitation 6.proof 7.amusement 8.skating 9.sender 10.recitation
v. 主语+及物动词（vt.）+宾sth/sb. +状语
1. 谓语由及物动词、宾语和状语构成
2. 宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
3. 状语可以由副词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、名词词组和句子等充当。
专项训练 7
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. He shook his head __________. (sad)
2. Tell me __________ what you mean. (straight)
3. Mother was cutting sandwiches __________ at the moment. (busy)
4. You should tell your story __________. (honesty)
5. Some villagers __________ the river on bamboo rafts. (across)
6. Luckily, the news was not yet __________ known. (wide)
7. The police are holding a suspect for __________. (question)
8. The new machine is __________ controlled. (automatic)
10. He expressed his __________ in the boy’s honesty. (believe)
11. You haven’t done the job __________ -- you’ll have to do it again. (proper)
Answers: 1.sadly 2.straight 3.busily 4.honestly 5.cross 6.widely 7.questioning 8.automatically 9.belief 10.properly
vi. 主语+及物动词（vt.）+宾语sb. +宾语sth.
1. 谓语由及物动词和双宾语（间接宾语与直接宾语）构成。
2. 常用可接双宾语的及物动词有：ask, bring, buy, call, do, get, give, lend, offer, send, teach, tell等。
3. 指代人的宾语为间接宾语，可以由名词或代词充当。
4. 指代物的宾语为直接宾语，可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
专项训练 8
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. Mr. Carter showed them his collection of stamps after school.（保持原句意思）
Mr. Carter showed his collection of stamps __________ __________ after school.
Mrs. Brown often makes her children clothes herself.（保持原句意思）
Mrs. Brown often makes clothes __________ her children herself.
You should always tell us the truth.（保持原句意思）
You should always tell the truth __________ __________.
My classmate brought me an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.（保持原句意思）
My classmate brought an English-Chinese dictionary __________ me yesterday.
Mr. Green purchased his wife a Chinese painting.（保持原句意思）
Mr. Green purchased a Chinese painting __________ his wife.
I gave my friend a birthday card before his fourteenth birthday.（改为被动语态）
My friend __________ __________ -- a birthday card by me before his fourteenth birthday.
Miss Chen teachers us maths.（改为被动语态）
We __________ __________ maths __________ Miss Chen.
Maths __________ taught __________ __________ by Miss Chen.
The headmaster will award that top student an English dictionary.（改为被动语态）
That top student will __________ __________ an English dictionary by the headmaster.
An English dictionary __________ __________ awarded __________ that top student __________ the headmaster.
Does the shop assistant sell customers fruit?（改为被动语态）
__________ fruit __________ __________ customers by the shop assistant?
What did Mr.s Green buy her son as his birthday present?（改为被动语态）
What __________ __________ __________ her son as birthday present __________ Mrs. Green?
Answers: 1.to them 2.for 3.to us 4.to 5. for 6.was given; given to, by
7.are taught,by; is, to us 8.be awarded; will be, to; by 9.Is, sold to 10.was bought for, by
vii. 主语+及物动词（vt.）+宾语sth./sb.+宾语补足语
1. 谓语由及物动词和复合宾语（宾语与宾语补足语）构成。
2. 可接复合宾语的及物动词有：believe, call, choose, find, make, see, think等。
3. 宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和句子充当。
4. 宾语补足语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当。
专项训练 9
用所给动词的非谓语形式填空。
Would you like me __________ a room at the hotel for you? (book)
I’ve invited a friend of mine __________ some shopping with me after work. (do)
Alice found a wallet __________ on the ground on her way home. (lie)
The teacher advises us __________ English aloud every morning. (read)
Mr Mark always makes his students __________ in his lessons. (interest)
They are not allowed __________ in their office. (smoke)
The new law has enabled more women __________ to work. (return)
I’m sorry to have kept you __________ a long time. (wait)
They found the roofs __________ with snow the next morning. (cover)
The lecturer spoke clearly enough to make the listeners __________ him. (understand)
Answers: 1.to book 2.to do 3.lying 4.to read 5.interested 6.to smoke 7.to return 8.waiting 9.covered 10.understand
Ⅲ. 倒装句
1. 疑问句多数是倒装结构。
2. 方向副词前置，谓语动词为表示移动的动词，如come, go等，需要用倒装结构。
3. 以表示方位的介词短语开头，需要用倒装结构。
4. 以否定词，如never, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, by no means等开头，需要用倒装结构。
5. 以作表语的形容词开头，需要用倒装结构。
6. There be句型也属倒装结构。
7. So, Neither和Nor引导倒装句。
1）由So, Neither和Nor开头，用于替代前述事物，为避免重复，表示“（……亦）如此，（……也）同样”，用倒装结构。
2）前句为be动词，后句则用be动词；前句为实意动词，后句则用助动词do或did；前句的谓语动词含助动词，后句则用同一助动词；前句的谓语动词含情态动词，后句则用同一情态动词。
3）So用于肯定句，其句型为：“So+助动词（情态动词）+主语”；Neither和Nor用于否定句。其句型为：“Neither(Nor)+助动词（情态动词）+主语”。
专项训练 10
I. 完成下列句子的应答。
1. --Father is reading today’s newspaper. --_________ ___________ Mather.
2. --Grandpa couldn’t speak English. --____________ ____________ Grandma.
3. --Mr Michael bought a Chinese painting yesterday. --___________ ___________ Mr Robert.
4. --An electric Kettle doesn’t cost much. --____________ ____________ an electrical cooker.
5. --This kind of motorcycle is made in Shanghai. --___________ __________ that kind.
6. --The Browns didn’t go travelling last year. --____________ ____________ the Greens.
7. --The students often surf the Internet. --__________ ____________ the teachers.
8. --George has been to the Great Wall twice. --____________ __________ Jason.
9. --There will be no homework this week. --_____________ ________ _________ next week.
10. --The boy students are going to watch a football match this weekend.
--__________ __________ the girl students.
II. 按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. The customers were satisfied with company’s service.(改为一般疑问句)
___________ the customers satisfied with the company’s service?
2. There goes the bell.(保持原句意思)
The bell _________ ____________.
3. Alice likes ice-cream and so does Betty.(保持原句意思)
Alice likes ice-cream and Betty ___________ __________.
4. Mike didn’t win the first prize in the English speaking contest and neither did Lisa.(保持原句意思)
Mike didn’t win the first prize in the English speaking contest and Lisa __________ ________.
5. The village lies at the foot of the mountain.(改为倒装句)
At the foot of the mountain ____________ __________ ____________.
6. I have never told lies.(改为倒装句)
Never __________ ____________ __________ lies.
7. The National Grand Theatre is magnificent. (改为倒装句)
___________ ___________ the National Grand Theatre.
8. His father has seldom been more helpful.(改为倒装句)
___________ _________ his father been more helpful.
9. An old man was sitting under a tree.(改为倒装句)
Under a tree __________ __________ an old man.
10. A group of children were seated on the grass clapping their hands.(改为倒装句)
_________ on the grass __________ a group of children clapping their hands.
综合训练
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Thousands of tourists are attracted to Hainan Island by its ___________. (beautiful)
2. The days ___________ in the autumn. (short)
3. This new country came into ___________ in 1951. (exist)
4. The students look ___________ when they wear their uniforms. (order)
5. The whole factory ____________. (computer)
6. The __________ of the train was delayed.(arrive)
7. The swimming pool is about two metres in _____________. (deep)
8. Buses run __________ from the city centre to the airport. (frequent)
9. My parents give me a generous __________ every month. (allow)
10. The hotel has improved facilities for the __________. There are now lifts and wheelchair
ramps. (able)
II. 按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1. My friend knew something about the car accident. (改为否定句)
My friend _________ know _________ about the car accident.
2. All the children are going to play games.(改为否定句)
_________ of the children _________ going to play games.
3. Hard training made Wang Junxia a great runner. (改为反义疑问句)
Hard traning made Wang Junxia a great runner, _________ ___________?
4. Does Mrs Ye teach you physics this term? (改为被动语态)
__________ you __________ physics by Mrs Ye this term?
5. The traffic accident happened over there just now. (对划线部分提问)
_________ ___________ the traffic accident happen just now?
6. I will be back in no time. (对划线部分提问)
___________ __________ will you be back?
7. You can call a taxi by phone. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ you call a taxi?
8. Mr. Smith had taught more than 1,000 students by last year. (划线部分提问)
__________ had Mr. Smith ____________ by last year?
9. A spaceship can fly at about eleven kilometers a second. (划线部分提问)
_________ _________ can a spaceship fly?
10. How much do you weigh? (保持原句意思)
___________ is your _____________?
11. Mr. Black __________ _____________ of the business sale.
Mr. Black __________ ________ of the business sale.
12. You must learn not to rely on others. (保持原句意思)
You must learn to _________ __________.
13. His name was on everyone’s lip. (保持原句意思)
Everyone _________ _________ him.
14. Mr. Brown will be almost out of money. (保持原句意思)
Mr. Brown will _________ _________ money.
15. We mustn’t waste any time. (保持原句意思)
We ________ _________ to waste any time.
16. This piece of music deserves to be enjoyed. (保持原句意思)
This piece of music is _________ _________.
17. The kids came along and played a joke on Tom. (保持原句意思)
The kids came along and ___________ __________ my mother.
18. My father doesn’t give me much allowance and my mother doesn’t either. (保持原句意思)
My father doesn’t give me much allowance and __________ ________ my mother.
19. Be quiet! Or you can’t hear what I say. (合并为一句)
___________ you __________ quiet, you can’t hear what I say.
20. The children don’t like the flat without a big kitchen.
Their mother doesn’t, either. (合并为一句)
___________ the children nor their mother __________ the flat without a big kitchen.
答案：
I. 1.So is 2. Neither (Nor) could 3.So did
4.Neither (Nor) does 5.So is 6.Neither (Nor) did
7.So do 8.So has 9.Neither (Nor) will there
10.So are
II. 1.Were 2. Is ringing 3.does too
4. Didn’t either 5.lies the village 6.have I told
7.Magnificent is 8.Seldom has
9.was sitting 10.Seated, were
综合训练
I. 1.beauty 2.shorten 3.existence 4.orderly
5.has been computerized 6.arrival 7.depth
8.frequently 9.allowance 10.disabled
II. 1.didn’t, anything 2.None, is 3.didn’t it 4.Are, taught
5.Where did 6.How soon 7.How can 8.What,done
9.How fast 10. What, weight 11.Takes charge
12.be independent 13.talked about 14.have little
15.aren’t allowed 16.worth enjoying
17.made fun 18.neither does 19.If, aren’t(Unless ,are)
20.Neither, likes
7A Unit 4 一般疑问句
6A Unit 1
6A Unit 3
6A Unit 4
6A Unit 6
6A Unit 8 特殊疑问句
6B Unit 1
6B Unit 4
7B Unit 1
8A Unit 1
8A Unit 6 反意疑问句
6A Unit 7
7A Unit 2
7A Unit 5
7A Unit 9 祈使句
7B Unit 10
8A Unit 4
8A Unit 7 感叹句
7A Unit 8
7B Unit 2 倒装句so/neither…
8B Unit 3 宾语从句（I）
8B Unit 4 宾语从句（ II）
8B Unit 5 状语从句（I）
9A Unit 5 状语从句（二）：if/unless用法；unless =if...not
9B Unit 1 状语从句（三）：so...that/...so that...
9B Unit 5 who/which/ that引导的定语从句