中考英语被动语态学案及练习（含答案）

被动语态
【
五种基本句型
】
①主
谓
（无被动语态）
②主
谓
宾
③主+谓+间宾+直宾
④主+谓+宾+宾补
⑤主
系
表
（无被动语态）
一、被动语态
被动语态的基本结构为：be+done
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+done
一般过去时
did
was/were+done
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+beingdone
现在完成时
have/has+done
have/has+been
done
一般将来时
will/shall/be
going
to
+
do
will/shall/be
going
to+be
done
过去进行时
was/were+doing
was/were+being
done
过去将来时
would/should/be
going
to+do
would/should/be
going
to+be
done
含有情态动词
can/may/must+do
can/may/must+be
done
一．被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。
如：This
watch
is
made
in
China．
（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
如：More
trees
must
be
planted
every
year．。
（3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
如：Chinese
is
spoken
by
more
and
more
people
in
the
world．
（4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。
如：Many
houses
were
washed
away
by
the
food．
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1．主动语态变为被动语态
（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变成主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用by引导。
（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态：
动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：
动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
如：We
asked
him
to
sing
an
English
song．(变为被动语态)
→He
was
asked
to
sing
an
English
song
by
us．
2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
如：She
gave
me
a
book．(变为被动语态)
→I
was
given
a
book
by
her．(间接宾语me改为了主语)
A
book
was
given
to
me
by
her．(直接宾语a
book
改为了主语)
3．动词短语变为被动语态
许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
如：We
should
speak
to
old
men
politely．(变为被动语态)
Old
men
should
be
spoken
to
politely．(to不可省略)
4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
如：I
heard
Jane
playing
the
piano
in
her
room．(变为被动语态)
→Jane
was
heard
playing
the
piano
in
her
room．
5．变被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。
如：He
makes
the
girl
stay
at
home．（变为被动语态）
→The
girl
is
made
to
stay
at
home
by
him．
练习：
1.
The
door
of
her
room
_____
every
day.
A.
are
not
cleaned
B.
not
are
cleaned
C.
is
not
cleaned
D.
not
is
cleaned
2.No
rubbish
____
for
three
weeks.
A.
collected
B.
is
collected
C.
has
collected
D.
has
been
collected
3.By
1980
the
bridge
______.
A.
was
completed
B.
had
been
completed
C.
has
been
completed
D.
have
been
completed
4.Another
railway
bridge
____
there
now.
A.
is
building
B.
is
being
built
C.
is
built
D.
has
been
built
5.
He
told
me
that
the
composition
____
by
him.
A.
was
not
written
B.
not
was
written
C.
is
not
written
D.
not
is
written
答案：1.C
2.D
3.B
4.B
5.A
1.
A
talk
on
Chinese
history____________in
the
school
hall
next
week
.
A.
be
given?????
B.
has
been
given?????
C.
will
be
given?????
D.
will
give
答案：C??????????????????????????????????????????????
2.
To
make
our
city
more
beautiful
,
rubbish___________?into
the
river
.
A.
needn’t
be
thrown?????????????
B.
mustn’t
be
thrown?????
C.
can’t
throw???????????????????
D.
may
not
throw
答案：B???????????????????????????????????????????????
3.
You
may
go
fishing
if
your
work___________.
A.
is
done?????
B.
will
be
done?????
C.
has
done?????
D.
have
done
答案：A???????
???????????????????????????????????????
4.
The
trees
must___________?three
times
a
week
.
A.
water??????
B.
is
watering?????
C.
be
watered??????
D.
waters
答案：C????????????????????????????????????????????????
5.
—
I
won’t
come
to
the
party
unless
Sue___________?,
too
.
?—
You
mean
if
Sue
comes
you’ll
come
?
A.
will
invite??????
B.
invites??????
C.
invited???????
D.
is
invited
答案：D?????????????????????????????????????????????????
6.
I
like
my
new
bike
.
It___________?very
well
.
A.
rides??
?????B.
is
riding??????
C.
is
ridden?????
D.
has
ridden
答案：A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
7.
Mr.
Chen
has
a
lond
voice
.
His
voice
can___________clearly
even
in
that
big
classroom
.
?
A.
hear??????
B.
be
heard??????
C.
be
hearing??????
D.
have
heard
?
答案：B?????????????????????????????????????????????????
8.
—
It’s
time
to
do
your
homework
,
Jack
.
?????—
Yes
,
Mum
.
I’ll
turn
off
the
TV
as
soon
as
the
programme___________.
A.
ends?????
B.
end????????
C.
will
be
ended??????
?D.
will
end
答案：A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
9.
You___________?to
the
meeting
,
why
didn’t
you
go
?
A.
be
invited???????
B.
will
be
invited??????
C.
were
invited??????
D.
are
invited
答案：C?????????????????????????????????????????
????????
10.
A
lot
of
trees___________along
the
river
last
year
.
A.
planted?????????
B.
are
planted????????
C.
were
planted?????
答案：C?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
【实战模拟】
一.
选择填空
1.
The
rivers
smells
terrible
People
must___________?dirty
things
into
it
.
A.
be
stopped
to
throw??????
B.
be
stopped
from
throwing
C.
stop
to
throw???????????
D.
stop
form
throwing
2.
Paper___________first
invented
in
China
.
A.
is?????
B.
are?????
C.
was??????
D.
were
3.
—
Do
you
like
the
flower
?
?
—
Yes
,
it___________?sweet
.
A.
is
smelling?????
B.
smelt?????
C.
is
smelt??????
D.
smells
4.
It
snowed
heavily
last
night
.
The
ground___________?thick
snow
.
A.
was
covered
with???????
B.
was
filled
with
C.
was
made
of???????????
D.
covered
with
5.
The
light
in
the
room___________?before
you
leave
.
A.
must
turn
of??????
B.
will
turn
off??????
C.
are
turned?????
D.
must
be
turned
off
6.
??????the
kind
of
question
often___________?in
your
class
,
Ann
?
A.
Does
,
ask???????
B.
Is
,
asked?????
C.
Has
,
asked??????
D.
Will
,
ask
7.
The
bridge___________?in
three
weeks
.
A.
will
build???????
B.
is
built?????
C.
will
be
built?????
D.
builds
8.
The
old
men
and
the
children
must___________?in
our
country
.
A.
take
good
care???????????
B.
be
taken
good
care??????
C.
take
good
care
of??
???????D.
be
taken
good
care
of
9.
Paul
doesn’t
have
to
be
made___________.?He
always
works
hard
.
A.
learn??????
B.
to
learn?????
C.
learned??????
D.
learning
10.
The
girl
was
unhappy
because
she___________?by
some
boys
in
the
class
.
A.
is
laughed??????
B.
was
laughed??????
C.
laughed
at??????
D.
was
laughed
at
11.
We___________???that
the
English
test___________?next
Monday
.
A.
are
told
,
gives????????
???
B.
tell
,
will
give??????
C.
are
told
,
will
be
given?????
D.
told
,
is
going
to
be
given
12.
Great
changes___________place
in
China
since
1978
.
A.
have
been
taken???????
B.
have
taken???????
C.
has
been
taken?????
D.
took
13.___________?the
red
pencil-box___________?by
your
father
last
week
?
A.
Has
,
bought?????
B.
Was
,
bought??????
C.
Does
,
buy?????
D.
Did
,
buy
14.
Mary___________?many
songs
at
the
party
.
A.
heard
sing??????
B.
heard
to
sing?????
C.
was
heard
sing?????
D.
was
heard
to
sing
15.___________?trees
usually___________?in
April
?
A.
Have
,
planted??????
B.
Are
,
planted??????
C.
Do
,
plant?????
D.
Were
,
planted
16.
When
we
got
there
,
the
broken
road___________?repaired
.
A.
is
being??????
B.
was
being?????
C.
has
been??????
D.
/
17.
The
windows
of
the
room___________?once
a
week
.
A.
has
been
cleaned??????
B.
is
cleaned??????
C.
are
cleaned?????
D.
are
cleaning
18.
In
1620
,
about
half
the
USA___________?forests
.
A.
was
covered??????
B.
was
covered
by?????
C.
were
filled
with????
D.
covered
with
19.
The
young
tree___________?the
stick
.
A.
should
be
tied
to???
?
B.
must
be
tied
by????
C.
should
tie
to??????
D.
can
be
tied
with
20.
A
present___________?me
by
my
friend
on
my
birthday
.
A.
is
giving?????
B.
was
given
to?????
C.
is
given
for???????
D.
will
give
to
21.
By___________?was
the
book
???????
A.
who
,
wrote?????
B.
whom
,
write?????
C.
whom
,
written?????
D.
whom
,
writing
22.
Films
about
crime
and
violence（暴力与犯罪）___________?by
young
children
.
A.
should
not
see???????????
B.
should
be
not
seen??????
C.
should
not
be
seen????????
D.
should
be
seen
23.
In
warm
weather
fruit
and
meat___________?long
.
A.
can’t
be
kept???????
B.
don’t
keep??????
C.
is
not
kept?????
D.
aren’t
keeping
24.
Half
the
world’s
telephone
calls___________??in
English
.
A.
are
made??????
B.
are
making??????
C.
make??????
D.
is
made
25.
That
building___________?now
.
A.
is
building?????
B.
is
built?????
C.
is
being
built?????
D.
builds
26.
The
trees
in
our
school___________?every
Friday
afternoon
.
A.
are
watered?????
B.
are
watering?????
C.
have
watered??????
D.
water
27.
More
“
Great
Green
Walls
”
must___________??all
over
the
world
.
A.
build?????
B.
are
built?????
C.
be
building?????
D.
be
built
28.
His
school
bag___________?by
a
woman
ten
minutes
ago
.
A.
took
away?????
B.
was
taken
away??????
C.
was
taken
off??????
D.
is
taken
29.
It___________?that
she___________?very
clever
.
A.
was
said
,
is?????
B.
was
said
,
were????
C.
is
said
,
is?????
D.
is
said
,
is
being
30.
Yesterday
a
visitor___________?something
about
his
hometown
.
A.
was
asked?????
B.
was
asking?????
C.
is
asked?????
D.
asked
31.
Do
you
like
this
kind
of
paper
?
Yes
,
it___________?very
nice
.
A.
is
felt??????
B.
felt??????
C.
is
feeling?????
D.
feels
32.
These
books___________well
.
A.
sells?????
B.
are
being
sold?????
C.
are
sold?????
D.
sell
33.
The
boy___________?lost
on
his
way
home
yesterday
.
A.
got?????
B.
is?????
C.
gets??????
D.
has
34.
Though
the
coat
is
a
bit
large
now
,
it___________?me
very
soon
.
A.
will
be
fit????
???B.
will
fit??????
C.
fit?????
D.
fits
35.
Football___________?everywhere
in
the
world
.
A.
is
played?????
B.
play?????
C.
is
playing?????
D.
plays
36.
Everybody
here
was___________?a
present
.
A.
gave??????
B.
given??????
C.
To
give?????
D.
Giving
37.
A
new
factory___________?in
our
city
last
year
.
A.
built?????
B.
has
built?????
C.
was
built????
D.
is
building
38.
All
trees
must___________?well
when
it
is
dry
.
A.
be
watered?????
B.
are
watered?????
C.
water?????
D.
be
watering
39.
This
shirt___________?silk
.
A.
must
be
made
in????
B.
make
by????
C.
must
be
made
of????
D.
must
be
made
by
40.
These
books___________good
care
of
.
A.
must
taken?????
B.
must
take????
C.
have
to
take?????
D.
must
be
taken
41.
Stamps___________by
people
for
sending
letters
.
A.
use?????
B.
in
using????
C.
used??????
D.
are
used
42.
More
trees___________?next
year
.
A.
will
be
planted??????
B.
will
plant?????
C.
have
planted??????
D.
are
planting
43.
—
When___________?the
People’s
Republic
of
China___________?
??
?—
On
October
1.1949
.
?
A.
did
…found?
????B.
was
…found?????
C.
was
…
founded?????
D.
is
…
founded
44.
Today
,
too
many
trees
are
still___________?in
the
world
.
A.
cutting
down?????
B.
cut
down?????
C.
being
cut
down?????
D.
cutted
45.
This
kind
of
machine___________?Japan
.
A.
is
made
by?????
B.
is
made
from????
C.
is
made
in?????
D.
is
made
of
46.
The
teacher
says
that
the
man
will___________?.
A.
be
well
taken
care????
B.
well
look
after???
C.
take
care
well??
D.
be
well
looked
after
47.
—
I
think
the
shop
??????.
???????—
No
,
It’s
open
.
It___________at
six
.
is
close
…
close????
B.
is
closed
…
closes???
C.
closed
…
closes????
D.
is
closed
48.
I
was
astonished（吃惊）to
hear
that
the
colour
TV
set________5
,
000
yuan
.
A.
has
cost?????
B.
cost??????
C.
costed??????
D.
was
cost
49.
Great
changes___________?place
since
he
came
here
.
A.
have
been
taken?????
B.
have
taken?????
C.
has
been
taken?????
D.
has
taken
50.
He
was
seen___________something
from
the
shop
.
A.
steal???????
B.
to
steal?????
C.
to
be
stolen??????
D.
stealed
51.
She
has___________?by
her
classmates
.
A.
laughed?????
B.
laughed
at?????
C.
been
laughed?????
D.
been
laughed
at
?
二.
用正确的时态和语态填空
1.
Nearly
everybody
here___________（know）when
the
old
museum___________?（build）.
2.
The
building
can___________（see）from
every
part
of
the
city
;
It
___________（build）many
years
ago
.
3.
Yesterday
Tom__________（tell）me
that
his
bike_________（break）last
week
.
4.
The
students___________often___________（tell）to
take
care
of
their
desks
and
chairs
.
5.
Now
he___________（be）asked
if
the
meeting__________（hold）next
Friday
.
6.
It
is
known
to
all
that
the
moon___________（turn）round
the
earth
.
7.
Miss
Li
often___________（use）a
recorder
in
her
English
class
.
But
she___________（not
use）it
tomorrow
.
8.
Vegetables
,
eggs
and
fruits___________（sell）in
this
shop
.
9.
English___________（speak）here
.
10.
The
song___________（like）by
us
all
twenty
years
ago
.
11.
The
pictures___________（take）by
Jack
tomorrow
.
12.
The
computer___________（can
use）in
the
room
.
13.
The
room___________（paint）now
.
14.
The
novel___________（translate）into
many
languages
since
it
was
published
.
15.
That
clock___________（call）Big
Ben
.
16.
Last
week
,
when
I___________?（ask）about
English
culture
,
I
couldn’t
answer
it
well
.
17.
What
language___________（speak）in
your
country
?
18.
School
football
games__________often________（hold）on
Friday
evenings
.
19.
The
film___________（show）again
sometime
next
week
.
20.
If
anything___________（happen）to
him
,
let
me
know
.
21.___________??the
pair
of
new
shoes___________（suit）you
?
22.
The
bottle___________（break）by
the
cat
yesterday
.
23.
A
tall
tree___________（can
,
see）in
the
picture
.
24.
The
sports
meeting___________（hold）last
week
.
25.
We___________（tell）yesterday
that
Jane
would
come
back
from
Australia
.
26.
Look
,
Mr
Smith___________（take）to
the
station
by
Mark
in
his
car
.
27.
These
trees
should___________（water）after
they___________（plant）.
28.
The
TV
set___________（make）in
Beijing
.
It
__________（make）last
April
.
29.
Colour
TVs___________（sell）in
that
shop
.
30.
When
the
People’s
Republic
of
China___________（found）?
31.
Have
you
moved
into
the
new
house
?
??
Not
yet
.
The
rooms___________（paint）now
.
32.
An
American
film___________often__________（show）on
TV
on
Sundays
.
33.
She___________（tell）the
good
news
as
soon
as
she
arrived
.
34.
Look
!
A
big
modern
bridge___________（build）over
the
river
.
35.
Dr
Bethune___________（remember）by
the
Chinese
people
for
ever
.
36.
A
recorder___________often___________（use）in
our
English
class
.
[参考答案]
一.
选择填空
1—5
BCDAD?????
6—10
BCDBD????
11—15
CBBDB?????
16—20
BCBAB
21—25
CCAAC???
26—30
ADBCA???
31—35
DCABA?????
36—40
BCACD
41—45
DACBC???
46—50
DBBBB???
51.
D
二.
用正确的时态和语态填空
1.
knows
,
was
built????????
2.
be
seen
,
was
built???????
3.
told
,
was
broken????????
4.
are
,
told???????????????
5.
is
,
will
be
held?????????
6.
turns
7.
uses
,
won’t
use?????????
8.
are
sold???????????????
9.
is
spoken
10.?
was
liked???????????
11.
will
be
taken??????????
12.
can
be
used
13.
is
being
painted???????
14.
has
been
translated??????
15.
is
called
16.
was
asked????????????
17.
is
spoken?????????????
18.
are
,
held
19.
will
be
shown?????????
20.
happens??????????????
21.
Does
,suit
22.
was
broken???????????
23.
can
be
seen???????????
24.
was
held
25.
were
told?????????????
26.
is
being
taken?????????
27.
be
watered
,
are
planted
28.
is
made
,
was
made?????
29.
are
sold??????????????
30.
was
founded
31.
are
being
painted???????
32.
is
,
shown????????????
33.
was
told
34.
is
being
built?????
?????35.
will
be
remembered?????
36.
is
,
used