外研九年级上册Module 10 Australia定语从句专讲课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
定语从句专讲
1.定语
句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化的词。
eg.
an
English
book
a
young
Chinese
writer
the
boy
in
the
classroom
a
girl
called
Alice
the
woman
wearing
a
red
coat
something
to
eat
I
know
the
boy
whose
father
is
a
doctor.
形容词
形容词
介词短语
过去分词短语
现在分词短语
动词不定式短语
句子
Eg.
The
object
______(place)
in
the
box
is
a
fan
______(make)
of
feathers.
object
物体
feather
羽毛
placed
made
从上述例子可以
看出：
1.
定语可以是
，也可以是
2.
定语的位置，
，
3.
若是
充当定语，就叫
。
单词,短语
句子。
可以在所修饰的单词前
也可以在单词后
句子
定语从句
前
后
1.定语从句的结构
I
have
some
photos
that
I
took
in
Australia
last
year.
我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。
The
horse
that
I
rode
was
lazy.
我骑的那匹马很懒。
He’s
the
boy
who
won
the
photo
competition
last
year.
他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩。
A
group
of
photos
which
show
Beijing
and
Cambridge
in
England
has
won
the
prize
for
the
subject
Home
and
away.
一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土
与他乡”这一主题的奖项。
The
horse
that
I
rode
was
lazy.
He’s
the
boy
who
won
the
photo
competition
last
year.
A
group
of
photos
which
show
Beijing
and
Cambridge
in
England
has
won
the
prize
for
the
subject
Home
and
away.
从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：
+
+
先行词
引导词
从句
从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：
先行词+引导词+从句
名词，代词，或相似于名，代的词
先行词指人用who
/that
,先行词指物用which/that
引导词,
有关系代词和关系副词两种，放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,
同时在定语从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词有who(人-主格),
whom(人-宾格),
whose(人-所有格),
which(物),
that(人/物)。
关系副词有where(地点),
when(时间),
why(原因)。
所有的关系代词和副词都译成“
”
2.定语从句的引导词
的
Eg
.
The
man
who
lives
next
to
us
is
a
teacher.
You
must
do
everything
that
I
do.
We
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
visited
our
headmaster.
先行词
(
)
定
语
从
句
先行词
(
)
定语从句
先行词
(
)
定语从句
人
物
时间
3.引导词在从句中的成分
先行词在从句中要充当一个句子成分，
引导词在句中代替先行词充当成分，先行词是主语，引导词就作主语，先行词是宾词，引导词就是宾词。Eg
.
Jim
likes
the
car.（宾语）
The
car
was
bought
for
him
by
his
father
last
year.（主语）
Jim
likes
the
car
that
was
bought
for
him
by
his
father
last
year.
主句
从句
主语
A
group
of
photos
which
show
Beijing
and
Cambridge
in
England
has
won
the
prize.
Attributive
clause
引导词在从句中作主语
先行词是物
which
引导的定语从句
The
photo
which
we
liked
best
in
the
City
and
People
group
was
taken
by
Zhao
Min.
Attributive
clause
先行词是物
引导词在从句中作宾语
由此，我们可以看出：
which引导的定语从句修饰的是无生
命的东西。which在从句中的成分是
可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
He’s
the
boy
who
won
the
photo
competition
last
year!
下面我们再看一个句子：
Attributive
clause
先行词是人
引导词在从句中作主语
引导的定语从句
who
I
know
the
boy
who
I
met
in
the
street
yesterday.
先行词是人
引导词在从句中作宾语
Attributive
clause
由此，我们可以看出：
如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引
导词就可以是who/whom。
例如：
Do
you
know
Mr
Zhang
who(m)
they
like
very
much?
注意：当who在从句中作宾语时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用who了。
定语从句中引导词的省略
不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，通常就可以省略。例如：
Is
that
the
car
(that/which)
you
bought
last
month?
那是你上个月买的车吗？
A
friend
is
a
person
(who/whom)
you
know
very
well
and
like.
朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。
作宾语
作宾语
若引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略，否则会造成结构混乱。
I’d
love
to
have
parents
who
understands
me.
我希望父母理解我。
He
can
make
lessons
that
are
usually
boring
interesting.
他通常能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。
作主语
作主语
注意：在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在口语中往往被省略，但在正式文体中常常被保留。
在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情
况下that和which都可以通用,
但在下
列情况下,
一般用that而不用which。
I
am
sure
she
has
something
that
you
can
borrow.
1.先行词为all,
everything,
nothing,
something,
anything,
little,
much
等不定代词时。
4.只用that
的情况
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
are
not
mine.
2.
先行词被all,
little,
much,
every,
no
等修饰时。
3.
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This
is
the
first
book
that
he
has
read.
This
is
the
very
book
that
belongs
to
him.
4.
先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last修饰时。
5.
先行词为人和物的组合。
They
talked
for
an
hour
of
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered
in
the
school.
Which
of
the
books
that
you
borrowed
from
the
library
is
the
most
interesting?
6.
若主句中有疑问代词who或者which,
为了避免重复,
关系代词不要再用who,
which，而用that。
1.
All
____
is
needed
is
a
supply
of
oil.
the
thing
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
【解析】
先行词是不定代词all,
其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导,
在该定语从句中充当主语。
B
及时练
2.
The
student
_____
won
the
first
prize
is
the
monitor
who
works
hard.
A.
the
thing
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
【解析】
指人时有时只用who不宜用that。但是一个句子中带有两个定语从句,
其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,
另一个宜用who,
以免重复。
B
改写定语从句的方法
Jim
likes
the
car.（宾语）
The
car
was
bought
for
him
by
his
father
last
year.（主语）
Jim
likes
the
car
that
was
bought
for
him
by
his
father
last
year.
主句
从句