英语：Unit2《Heroes》Grammar学案（2）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit2 of Module I Period Three（Grammar）
二. 本周目标与要求
1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。
2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。
3、对比一般现在时态和现在进行时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。
三. 本周语法讲解
（一）一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。
Where did you go just now
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了”“该……了”
It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了”“早该……了”
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had）rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike
例题：
—Your phone number again I ___ quite catch it.
—It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
（二）现在完成时
1、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。
eg. We have learnt four English songs this month.
How many times have you read the novel
For many days we haven’t seen each other.
2、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
eg. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里）
Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与现在完成时态连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
（三）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn’t handed in his paper （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来的。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
（四）过去进行时
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day，yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
eg: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
例题：
1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C。割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell
C. was reading；was falling D. read；fell
答案B。句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时：。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行时；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为”在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。“句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
【巩固练习】
1、My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I _______half of it .
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
●思路分析：本题考查动词的时态。所提供的选项包括过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和一般过去时。过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在发生的动作；过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，都不符合题意。这里用一般过去时表示一个具体的动作。
答案：D
2、—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday .
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________
A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left D. left
●思路分析：该题问的是“她什么时候离开的”。只涉及过去的一个具体动作，与现在无关，所以用一般过去时。
答案：D
3、I ______you not to move my dictionary ——now I can’t find it.
A. asked B .ask
C. was asking D. had asked
●思路分析：该题考查时态的运用。从语境看，“我现在找不到词典了”，说明 ask这个动作发生在过去。过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作，而过去完成时表示在过去某个时间以前发生的动作，显然都不符合语境。
答案：A
4、More patients _______in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
●思路分析：该题综合考查动词的时态和语态。句子的主语是patients,显然与treat之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。另外今年的情况和去年的情况相比，强调的是现在的结果，所以应该用现在完成时。
答案：D
5、Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin B. began
C. have began D. had began
●思路分析：该题中when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，且when指代前面的the early 1990s , 显然是过去的一个具体时间，所以用一般过去时态。
答案：B
6、“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ________ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
●思路分析：该题考查非谓语动词。running away作伴随状语。
答案：B
7、They _______on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ______it as no good results have come out so far .
A .had been working; are still working B. had worked ; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
●思路分析：该题考查动词的时态。由于题干提示before I joined them, 又有almost one week 表示叙述的是现在的情况，用现在进行时。
答案：A
8、I _____along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going ;had occurred
●思路分析：前面的动作表示后面动作发生的背景。所以前面的动作用过去进行时，后面表示一个具体的动作，用一般过去时。
答案：C
9、Although medical science ______control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.
A. achieve B. has achieved
C. will achieve D. had achieved
●思路分析：该题考查动词的时态。从主句提供的参照时态一般现在时来看，从句表示已经取得的成就，所以用现在完成时。
答案：B
10、It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)_______the world lead-ing inventor for sixty years .
A. would be B. has been
C. had been D. was
●思路分析：“60年来”在本题体现的是过去的概念，故用一般过去时。
答案：D
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 单选
1. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _______increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
2. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh, I ______for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
3. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It _______for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
4. Don’t sit there _______ e and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
5. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _____heard of her.
A. even B. ever C. just D. never
6. _________and happy ,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
7. More than a dozen students in that school _______abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
8. Mary wrote an article on ______the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. that C. who D. the
9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding B. are decided
C. decided D. will decide
10. I can’t stand _____with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _____talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
二. 阅读
A letter to Edward, a columnist(报刊专栏作家)
Dear Mr. Expert:
I grew up in an unhappy and abusive (辱骂的)home. I always promised myself that I’d get out as soon as possible. Now, at age 20, I have a good job and a nice house, and I’m really proud of the independence（独立）I’ve achieved.
Here’s the problem: several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine — so much so that they make mine theirs.
It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me. But now they seem to take it for granted (视为理所当然)that they can come any time they like. They bring boyfriends over, talk on the phone and stay out forever.
I enjoy having my friends here sometimes— it makes the place feel comfortable and warm— but this is my home, not a party house. I was old enough to move out on my own, so why can’t I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy (隐私）
From Joan
Edward’s reply to Joan
Dear Joan:
If your family didn’t pay attention to your needs when you were a child, you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now.
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear（害怕）that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict (冲突)that you grew up with— or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy. You need to understand that in true friendship it’s okay to put your own needs first from time to time.
Be clear about the message (信息)you want to send. For example, “I really love your company（陪伴）but I also need some privacy. So please call before you come over.”
1. We can learn from the first letter that Joan Edward________________.
A. lives away from her parents
B. takes pride in her friends
C. knows Mr. Expert quite well
D. hates her parents very much
2. We can infer from the first letter that___________________.
A. Joan considers her friends more important than her privacy
B. Joan’s friends visit her more often than she can accept
C. Joan doesn’t like the parties at all
D. Joan dislikes the boyfriends her friends bring over
3. According to Mr. Expert, why can’t Joan tell her friends her feelings
A. She is afraid of hurting her friends.
B. She does not understand true friendship.
C. Her family experience stops her from doing so.
D. She does not put her needs first.
4. The underlined word “conflict” in the second letter means____________.
A. dependent life B. fierce fight
C. bad manners D. painful feeling
5. The second letter suggests that Mr. Expert____________.
A. is worried about Joan’s problem
B. warns Joan not to quarrel with her friends
C. advises Joan on how to refuse people
D. encourages Joan to be brave enough
【试题答案】
一. 单选
1. 该题中的关键词是“ever since”。该短语作时间状语时，谓语动词应该用现在完成时。
答案：C
2. 本题考查考生对时态的掌握。从题干给出的语境来看，“你来我家的时候，我正在机场等一个英国来的朋友”。前面一句中用了过去时，所以在第二句的答语中应该用过去进行时。
答案：A
3. 本题综合考查动词的时态和语态。It 指代The window, 与clean 之间应该是动宾关系，所以可以排除A、B两个选项。另外题干中的时间状语是for weeks , 应该与现在完成时连用。
答案：D
4. 本题考查动词的-ing形式作伴随状语的用法。句中的谓语动词是sit，所以doing在句中作伴随状语，前面不用并列连词and。
答案：C
5. 该题考查副词的用法。在完成时态的否定句中，通常用ever表示“曾经”。
答案：B
6. 该题考查形容词作伴随状语的用法。过去分词surprised表示“感到惊讶”，而surprising是“令人惊讶的”意思。
答案：B
7. 题干中有last year 作时间状语表示过去，谓语动词应用一般过去时。另外，students 与send 之间构成动宾关系，应用被动语态。
答案：B
8. 由题干结构及选项可知，该题考查了宾语从句的用法。由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B、C两项；而that 引导宾语从句时，仅起连接作用，不表达任何含义。所以该题只能选连接词why。
答案：A
9. 本题考查时态的用法。从时态一致的角度考虑，宾语从句中用了一般将来时，主句的谓语动词应用相应的现在时态，而本句主要强调现在的结果，所以用现在完成时。
答案：B
10. stand doing意为：“忍受做某事”；refuse to do 意为“拒绝做某事”。根据句意“我无法忍受和Jane在一个办公室里工作。她工作的时候拒绝和别人谈话”可知答案。
答案：C
二. 阅读
1. A
从该句Now, at age 20, I have a good job and a nice house, and I’m really proud of the independence（独立）I’ve achieved.可知，Joan现在已经20岁，有一份工作和一处漂亮的房子，而且为自己获得的独立而自豪。我们的判断是她没有和父母生活在一起，而是自己独立生活。
2. B
从Joan 的来信可见，她的朋友在他们想来的任何时候都可以来，还带男朋友来，煲电话粥，经常外出不归，而且认为这一切是理所当然的。所以Joan 难以接受。
3. C
从Edward回信的分析中可知，由于Joan从小家庭缺乏温馨，所以当她的朋友在她的住处共同营造了一种和谐、热闹的气氛时，虽然她对过分的行为难以接受，但是由于害怕失去这一切或引起冲突，她很难张口拒绝她的朋友们。
4. B
A. 依赖性的生活。B. 强烈的对抗。C. 不文明行为。D. 痛苦的情感。
5. C
Edward在回信中给Joan的建议是，克服心理障碍，学会如何拒绝别人。故选C。英语：Unit 2《Heroes》教案Lesson 3 & 4（3）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit 2 of Module I Heroes Period Two Lesson 3 & 4
二. 本课目标与要求
1. 掌握这些单词及词组的用法
词汇 相关提示
compete vt.比赛，竞争 keen adj. 热心的，渴望的。 give up 放弃 come to 达到某种状态 请留意 compete 后面接不同介词表达的不同意义。请掌握句式 be keen to do sth. 及短语 be keen on 的含义及 keen 与 eager 的区别要记住以 give 为中心的一些短语。请区分 come to 在不同句子环境中的不同含义。
2. 重点句式
I suppose, but … 我认为是，但……
too…to… 太……而不能
…so that… 以便……
3. 写作要求
用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型以及语法，写一个故事，谈谈你佩服的一个普通人或写一个明星，可以参考课文的文章结构。
二. 重难点词汇讲解
1. skillful adj.灵巧的，熟练的。
skill(n. 技术)+-ful(形容词后缀)→灵巧的，熟练的。
The crafts teacher is skillful at knitting. 手工艺教师善于编织。
1）同义词；skilled adj. 熟练的
2）搭配：be skillful at sth／doing sth. 在……方面很熟练。
3）辨析：skillful 和 skilled
skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧；
skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，并掌握某项专门技能；
2. useless adj. 无用的。无效的
use(n. 用处)+-less(否定后缀，构成形容词)+无用的；无效的
eg. Car is useless without petrol. 汽车没有汽油就不能使用。
同义词：void 无用的，invalid 无效的
反义词：useful 有用的，valid 有效的
写出画线部分单词的反义词
Videos are useful things to have in the classroom.
3. compete vi.比赛，竞争
compete(竞争)→complete (v. 完成)
eg. The two football teams compete for the championship.
这两个足球队要争夺冠军。
1）派生词：competition n. 竞争；competitor n. 竞争者；competitive adj. 竞争的，(价格）有竞争力的
2）搭配：compete against／with sb. in sth. ／for sth. 在某方面／为得到某物与某人竞争
用合适的介词填空
1）Will you compete_____ the race the coming sports meeting
2）The young tennis player has often competed_____ famous players，but so far he has always been beaten.
4. amazing adj. 令人惊异的
amazed意为“对……感到惊讶(人的感受)”
amaze vt. 使吃惊
His behaviour amazed us a lot.
He has an amazing talent in drawings. 他在绘画方面有惊人的天赋。
请注意区别 amazed 和 amazing：
I am so amazed at his progress he made. 我对他的进步很惊讶。
amazing意为“(事物本身的)特点、性质令人惊奇”。
The progress he made is amazing. 他的进步令人吃惊。
小技巧：凡是-ed 结尾的都是以人作主语，解释为“感到……”，-ing结尾以物作主语，表示“令人感到……”。
5. keen/adj.热心的，渴望的
He was keen on volunteers because he believed that people who brings the happiness to the other people is the one of the most happy people.
他热衷于当志愿者的原因是他觉得给别人带来快乐的人才是世界上最幸福的人。
1）句式：be keen to do sth. ／that想……
be keen on sth.热衷于……，非常喜欢……
2）同义词辨析：keen 和 eager
都表示因巨大的兴趣或欲望而被激励起来。keen 表示兴趣和感情的强烈性；eager 表示浓厚的兴趣和迫不及待的期望。
单句改错
My roommates are very keen in bridge cards among other things.
6. fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortunate(adj,幸运的)+-ly(副词后缀)
Fortunately the train was on time. 幸好火车按时到达。
1）反义词：unfortunately 不幸地; 同义词：luckily幸运地
2）fortunately 在句中作状语，一般修饰整个句子。
3）fortunately 和 luckily 两词分别是 fortunate 和 lucky 的延伸副词，即“幸运地”的意思，意思相同，但前者比较书面，后者更多用于口语，而且前者程度更深一些，有惊喜的意思。
7、promote/vt.促进，提升
巧记提示 pro-(向前)+mote(n. 微粒，微尘), 这样的词还有：pro + gress
eg. She worked hard and was soon promoted，她工作很努力，很快便获得提升。
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
1）派生词：promoter n. 支持者；promotion n.提升，促进
2）搭配：promote sb.to sth . 提升、晋升或擢升某人至某职位。
3）promote 作“提升”时，常用于被动语态。
选择
1）Pupils who pass the test will_____ the next grade.
A. promote B. promote to
C. be promoted D. be promoted to
2）The people in their thirties are easier _____than those in their fifties.
A. to be promoted B. be promoted
C. promote D. to promote
8. injury n.伤害，损害
injure(vt. 损害、伤害，去e)+-y(名词后缀)→伤害，损害。
eg. She was badly injured in an accident.
In the accident he suffered serious injuries to the head and arms.
1）injury 可以是对身体或名誉的伤害或损害。
2）搭配：be an injury to伤害……，危害…… ，对……有害；
do sb. an injury 伤害某人；
do an injury to sb. 伤害某人。
3）辨析：injury，ache，wound 和 pain
injury 指的是损伤，如丢胳膊断腿，或心灵受伤，这种伤是赤裸裸的，血淋淋的。
ache 一般指器官的疼痛，如头痛、胃痛等。
wound 指的是创伤，伤口和伤害，还指心灵的创伤，主要强调的是创伤、伤口。
pain 是指痛苦，由疾病或情感带来的痛苦，这种痛苦是综合性的，没有特指的。
改错
1）In the crash he suffered severe injuries in the head and arms.
2）They wounded our feelings greatly.
9. commit vt .犯（错误），干（坏事）committed, committing, commits
commit (犯罪)→ committee(n.委员会)
eg. I think he must have committed a crime.
我想他一定犯了什么罪。
1）词组拓展：
commit suicide 自杀 commit murder 谋杀
commit an error 做错事 commit a crime 犯罪
2）同义词辨析：
commit，discharge 和 do 都含有“进行某种活动”的意思。
commit 指“犯错误或犯下某种罪行”，或指“干某种坏事、傻事”。如：
He was arrested for committing. 他因犯有多种罪行而被捕了。
discharge 指“忠实能干地执行任务”也指“履行职责或诺言”。如：
The nurse discharged her duties.
do 指“从事任何一种具体的或抽象的工作。”如：
He did the job brilliantly.
10. react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用
巧记提示 re-(= back，回、反)+ act (n.作用、行动)→反应
eg. People can react badly to certain food additives.
有的人对某些食物添加剂会产生不良反应。
These composers reacted against romanticism.
这些作家背离了浪漫主义的风格。
派生词：reaction n.反应。
（1）固定搭配：
react against 反抗、反对，
react on 对……起作用、对……有影响、对……起反应，
react to 对……作出反应
用正确的介词填空
Evidence (证据） is growing that many animals do not react well _____ tourists _____ their backyard.
11. quality n. 质量，品质
quality (质量，品质，性质) →quantity （n.量，数量）
eg. This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.
这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。
High quality，low price. 物美价廉。(诺基亚6340i广告词)
固定搭配：of good quality 上等的，优质的 of poor quality 劣质的，劣等的
12. disabled adj. 无效的，不起作用的; 残疾的。
巧记提示 dis-(否定前缀)+able(adj. 有能力的)+-d→残疾的。
eg. a disabled vehicle. 不能骑的车
a disabled veteran/ child 伤残老兵/孩子
Deaf people and dumb people are disabled. 聋人和哑人都是残疾人。
the disabled 可指代残疾人，作主语时，谓语用复数。
13. confident adj. 自信的
confident (adj. 信心)→confidence (n.信心)
eg. We are confident of success. 我们有信心能成功。
Give him your confidence. 信任他。
1）同根词：confidence n.自信，信心；confidently adv.自信地
2）用法：confidence 是名词，后面的介词用 in ;confident 是形容词，后面的介词用 of 。
翻译：
1）We’re confident that we can overcome the difficulties.
2）Next month，she will go to a place at war. She is confident to do her work well and give people real reports.
14. admire vt.钦佩，羡慕
eg. I admire him for his success in business.我佩服他事业有成。
1）派生词：admirer n. 崇拜者，admiration n.佩服，admiring adj. 羡慕的
2）固定搭配：admire sb. for sth.在某方面佩服某人。如：
I admire him for his achievements.我对他的成就很佩服。
15. on one’s own 单独地，独自地
eg. He is now out of college and on his own.
他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。
1）同义短语：(all) by oneself 单独地
形似短语；of one’s own (某人)自己的
2）one’s 在句中通常以形容词性物主代词的形式出现，这个形容词性物主代词与前面某个表示人或物的名词或代词对应。
用正确的代词填空
He has a house of _____own，and the house was built on _____own.
16. give up 放弃
No matter what happens，do not give up hopes.
不管发生什么，都不要放弃希望。
固定搭配：give sth. up 或 give up sth.
翻译下列句子：
The suspects（嫌疑犯）gave themselves up. 投降
She always gives herself up to her work. 将（自己）完全奉献
The finally gave up their search. 停止做或执行
You must give up smoking. 停止；结束：
gave up the apartment; 让出；
gave up all hope. 放弃
We had given the dog up as lost. 对……失去希望。
We’d given you up an hour ago. 以为见不到/没有希望见到。
同义词组：give up 与 put away：
give up 是指在思想上、意识上放弃某种想法、看法、意见；
put away是指行动上抛弃某一事物。
抛弃；舍弃：
Put all negative thoughts away. 抛弃所有消极的思想。
e to 达到某种状态
eg. The performance of the opera has come to its climax.
歌剧的表演已经到达最高潮了
come to 意思很多，除了“达到某种状态”还有“涉及，谈及”“获得，到达”“总共，共计”“突然想起”等。判断下列句中 come to 的意思。
1）They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.
2）The bill came to$5.50.
3）The water came to my waist.
4）Suddenly the words of the song came to me.
18. pull through 使从（受伤）中活过来；渡过难关
1）该词组还可以相当于一个及物动词，pull sb. through 意为“使某人渡过难关”。
eg. His wife helped him pull through at last.
最终他的妻子帮他渡过了难关。
2）由pull构成的动词词组有：
pull down 摧毁，推翻； pull in 进站，靠岸；
pull out 拔出，离开，渡过难关，恢复健康； pull up 拔起，停下，阻止
19. get on 融洽相处；进展期
eg. We should get well on with each other.我们之间应当融洽相处。
How is everything getting on 一切进展得怎么样了
1）同义短语：get along
2）get on 中的 on 是副词，其后常接介词短语 with sb ./sth.。搭配不同，意义也不同：
get on with sth .某事进展顺利
get on with sb .与某人相处融洽，等于 get along with sb .
3）在陈述句中，get on 本身就带有“好”的意思，但我们还是常常用 get on well 的形式。
4）get on 与 get along 的区别；get on 可以接 with sb.或 with sth.，而 get along 一般只接 with sb.。
20. far too 太……，极为……
far too 的意思就相当于too,far 起强调作用，too后面接形容词或副词的原级。Eg. Internet makes many things far too easy. 互联网使许多事情变得极为简单。
同义短语：much too 太……
改错
Sometimes we think we’re far too kinder to do others, but in fact we aren’t.
四. 重点句式分析与拓展
1、In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.
在最近的一次采访中，Venus 说，那个时候她和 Serena练网球时，一路得跑着躲闪着空中穿梭的子弹。
1）这个复合句的主句是 Venus spoke about the time，when 引导的从句 she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air 是定语从句，修饰先行词the time。
2）定语从句又是一个并列句，两个分句由 and 连接，分别是she and Serena were practising tennis 和 they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air。
3）并列句的第二个分句是复合句，as 引导的从句是原因状语从句，表示 they had to run and hide 的原因。
2、The sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.
姐妹俩的妈妈在家里给女儿上课，以便于她们能够完成高中学业，同时也进行网球运动。
1）这是一个带有目的状语从句的复合句，从句由连词短语 so that 引导。
2）while developing their tennis careers 是时间状语，语意指向 they completed their high school，即表明 develope their tennis careers 与 complete their high school 同时发生。
拓展
1）目的状语从句常常由so that 或 in order that 来引导，一般放在主句之后。常与 in order that，in order to do sth.，so as to do sth.，to do sth. 互相替换。
2）强调动作同时发生时且逻辑主语与谓语动词相同时，现在分词前可用 while 或 when。
3、The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.
Venus 第一次参加大型锦标赛是在1996年。
句中的 Venus played in a big event 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the first time。
拓展：
限制性定语从句可用来修饰一个表示时间的词，这时通常用关系副词 when 引导。但在不少情况下可以不用 when，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如本句的先行词是 time，且在定语从句中作时间状语，关系代词 when 就省略了。
4、Disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back.The doctors did not expect him to live.
1995 年灾难降临，他从马上跌落下来，摔断了腰背。医生没有料到他能活下来。
剖析：
注意从句when he fell from his horse and broke his back. 是状语从句。
短语“expect him to live”在本句中的意思是“料到他能活下来”。短语中隐含了“expect sb. to do sth.”这种结构，意思为“估计／预料／期待某人干……”。如：
You’re expected to attend our party on time.
5、This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.
这就是我怎么会参加慈善工作去募捐来改善所有残疾人的生活质量。
1）本句中 how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people 在主句中作表语，是表语从句。
2）表语从句中的引导词 how 在从句中作方式状语，不定式短语to improve the quality of life 也是状语，表示目的。
拓展：
英语中主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词从句。名词从句成分的划分是根据从句在主句中的位置而进行的。任何一个句子一旦位于某个成分的位置上，它就成了名词从句。
6、So you can see, I’m far too busy with living to think of giving up !
因此你能看到的是我正忙忙碌碌地去生活，怎么会想到放弃呢！
1）句首的so起承上启下的作用，表示前面的某种情况带来的结果。
2）I’m far too busy with …是宾语从句，作动词 see 的宾语。
3）宾语从句中的 too…to…是“太……而不能……”的意思，其中 too 是副词，to 是动词不定式的小品词。词组 be busy with sth./doing sth.是“忙于某事/做某事”，think of 是“想到”，give up 是“放弃”。
拓展：too…to…结构不是任何时候都表示否定含义，如 only too…to…就是表示肯定，结构中 too 后的形容词多为表示某种心情，如 glad, pleased, delighted 等。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：35分钟）
一. 单词拼写和词组专练
1. The little boy is s______ （娴熟的）at inventing excuses.
2. Videos are （有用的） things to have in the classroom.
3. _____(幸运地)，he found the money he had lost.
4. After ten years hard work, we have （攒了）a lot of money.
5. I was a_____ to hear the a _____ story.
6. We aim at q____ _ rather than quantity.
7. I a______ her great bravery in face of the danger.
8. Venes’ father was strict his daughters their tennis training.
9. Peter and I often compete on the playground after school.
10. At last, the patient’s life to end.
二. 单项选择
1. —Is there any hope of saving her life
—Her injuries are extremely(极其) serious，but she’s expected to _____.
A. pull in B. pull over
C. pull up D. pull through
2. Mary is kind. She is easy to _____.
A. go on B. get on with
C. get along D. go on with
3. We like Jack because he is a man ______everybody thinks is pleasant to _____.
A. who; talk B. whom; get on with
C. who; get on with D. whom; talk with
4. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which in return will _____its economic development.
A. add B. increase
C. promote D. plus
5. If you _____a crime you can never escape being punished.
A. commit B.discharge
C. take D. do
6. The disabled _____down upon in the past .
A. was looked B. were looked
C. looked D. did look
7. They separated ten years ago and never met again then.
A. by B. from
C. ever D. since
8. No matter when I look my miserable past, I feel sad and sorrowful.
A. back B. on
C. back on D. upon
9. I like to everything .
A. personally B. on her own
C. by herself D. All of the above
10. — I feel much too full, Mum.
—You shouldn’t have eaten much for dinner.
A. too far B. very
C. far too D. very too
三. 综合阅读
Apollo
For lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly good magazine. Covering the ages and the great civiliza tions(文明） of the world, Apollo brings you well-pictured yet fine articles by internationally famous writers, as well as information on exhibitions(展览） and sales. Experience five monthly issues（报刊的期） for as little as 5 each.
The Guardian Weekly（每周卫报）
The Guardian Weekly gives you a world view with articles（文章） from four of the world’s most respected newspapers. Read the news from different views and draw your own conclusions(得出结论） on the stories shaping our world. Try it for 3 months for just 15.55. Plus(外加） get a free copy of The Guardian Year 2003.
New Internationalist（国际主义者）
Full of excellent writing and photos, the magazine covers one key topic each month, from Terror ism(恐怖主义） to Poverty（贫困） to Climate Change. Reporters from around the world provide you with a whole world view.
Plus: Many fresh reports and stories to keep you up-to-date on world affairs(事务. 3 months free and free World Map.
The Week
The Week is the only weekly summary（摘要）giving you the best of the British and foreign newspapers in just 35 pages. Designed to be read in just 1 hour, it provides you with everything you need and want to know. Try The Week now with 13 issues for just 13. 75. If you decide it’s not for you, just tell us within the first 6 weeks and you can get your money back.
1. Which of the following magazines will probably give you with articles about music and paintings
A. Apollo. B. The Week.
C. New Internationalist. D. The Guardian Weekly.
2. It is possible that most of the readers of the four magazines are ______.
A. men B. women
C. children D. grown-ups
3. The underlined word up-to-date in the third text means .
A. know the latest information or changes
B. newest
C. at present
D. out of fashion.
4. Which of the following would you most probably read if you want to get information from the world’s most popular newspapers
A. Apollo & The Week.
B. Apollo & New Internationalist.
C. The Guardian Weekly & The Week.
D. The Guardian Weekly & New Internationalist.
5. The purpose（目的）of the four texts is to ______.
A. tell the readers the latest news
B. get more readers to subscribe (订阅)
C. show the importance of the four magazines
D. introduce(介绍） the four magazines to new readers
【试题答案】
一. 单词拼写和词组专练
1. skillful 2. useful 3. Fortunately/Luckily
4. raised 5. amazed/amazing 6. quality
7. admire 8. with/in 9. against
10. came
二. 单项选择
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A
三. 综合阅读
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B英语：Unit 2《Heroes》Lesson 1 & 2（2）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit 2 of Module I Heroes Period One Lesson 1 & 2
二. 本课目标与要求
1、掌握这些单词及词组的用法
词 汇 相关提示
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的. found vt. 建立，创立 opinion n. 意见，看法，主张 equal adj. 平等的 请记住由 generous 派生的副词和名词，掌握与其搭配的介词及常用的句式。请注意区分动词原形的 found 与 find 的过去式和过去分词，掌握其后接介词 on／upon的用法。请记住 opinion 后的常用介词，掌握短语 in one’s opinion以及 opinion 与advice, view 和belief的区别。请注意 be equal to 的用法。
2、重点句式
agree and disagree（赞同或者反对）
I agree/I think… 我认为……
in my opinion… 在我看来……
3、写作：用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型以及语法，给朋友写一封信谈谈你的生活方式，可以参考课文的文章结构。
三. 重难点词汇讲解
1、calm adj.镇静的，沉着的
It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency.
在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。
（1）派生词：calmly adv.沉着地，若无其事地；calmness n.
（2）calm还可用作动词，表示“（使）平静，（使）镇定（常与down 连用）”。
作名词，表示“平静的状态”；如：
（1）Have a brandy it’ll help to calm you down.
（2）After the storm came a calm.
（3）The President was calm throughout the global crisis.
2、generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
gene（n.基因）+—rous（形容词后缀）
It was generous of you to share your food with me .
你把食物与我分享，真慷慨。
（1）派生词：generously adv.慷慨地，大方地；generosity n.大方
（2）搭配：be generous with sth./in doing sth./to do sth., 如：
The young man is generous with his money／in giving help.
这个小伙子用钱大方／慷慨助人。
（3）generous 的英文解释为 showing readiness to give money，help，kindness，etc.,所以说“某人花钱大方（generous with one’s money）”没有贬义，并不是说这个人花钱大手大脚，而是说他（她）乐善好施。
单词拼写
The rich woman is kind-hearted. She is______ with her money and helps many poor school children.
3、character n.人物；性格
经典例句 He is a man of strong character.
他是一个个性很强的人。
（1）派生词：characteristic adj. 表现特点的，特有的；characterize v. 表现……的特色
（2）character n.在不同的语言环境中有不同的含义，要依据上下文进行判断。如：
The twin brothers are different in character.
The two problems are quite different in character.
The Chinese characters look like small pictures.
I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.
4、explore vt .探险
巧记提示 explore（探险）→explain（v. 解释）
（1）派生词：exploration n. 探险、探测，explorer n. 探险家、探测者、探测器
（2）explore 作及物动词时，后面直接接表示地点的名词，意思是travel into or through（a place，esp a country）in order to learn about it explore 带有“考察”的含义。
Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.
哥伦布发现了美洲，但没有考察这块新大陆。
5、用explore 和 search for 填空
At that time，the French dreamed of （梦想） discovering and controlling more land across the world. In 1535 Francis I，King Of France，ordered a navigator（航海家）named Jacques Cartier to_____ the New World and____ a passage to India.
6、wave vi.挥手示意，致意
巧记提示 w 和 v 看起来像波浪。
wave to ／at sb. 向某人挥手
e.g. She waved to me from the window as the train left the station.
火车离站时她在窗口向我挥手告别。
翻译句子：
他看见我们时向我们挥了挥手。
7、found vt.建立，创立
（1）found 与 find 的过去式及过去分词的形式相同，found 的过去式和过去分词是 founded。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
（2）派生词：foundation n.基础，根据；建立，创办
（3）词组：be founded on／upon 建立在……基础上；以……为根据 如：
This story is founded on／upon fact.
这故事是有事实依据的。
翻译
This company was founded in 1724.
8、opinion n. 意见，看法，主张
巧记提示opinion（意见）-onion（n. 洋葱）
（1）搭配：opinion of／about sb. ／sth. 对某人/某事（物）的看法
In my opinion and in the opinion of most people，it is a very sound investment.
照我的和大多数人的看法，这是个很可靠的投资。
（2）习惯用语：in one’s opinion=in the opinion of sb .按照某人的看法 be of the opinion that…主张……，认为……
注意：
according to 也表示“根据、按照”，但 according to 一般引用的都是出自他人或他处的消息，不能与me／my opinion 连用。“以我之见……”应该翻译成“in my opinion…”。
（3）辨析：opinion，advice 与 view
这三个词都含有“观点；建议；意见”的意思，但用法不同。
opinion 常用于法院判决，尤其指个人的判断，它基于一种根据，这种根据不足以排除可能的争论。
You should ask the opinion of the doctor. 你应当征求医生的意见。
It is wise to seek a second medical opinion before submitting to surgery.
在决定做手术之前再寻找另外一种手段是聪明的做法。
They represent no opinion but their own.
advice 表示“忠告；意见”，侧重于指提出意见的人比对方有更多的经验、知识，因而提出善意的或建设性的忠告或意见；也可以指向有经验的人征求意见，是不可数名词。若说“一个忠告”时，应用a piece of advice。如：
In one of his books，Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
马克思在他写的一本书里对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。
view 指“见解、观点”，侧重“对较广泛、重大或有关公众的问题所采取的态度”，view 比 opinion 更为肯定、全面和有系统。如：
May I know your views on the question
我能知道你对这个问题的看法吗
“Our belief in any particular natural law cannot have a safer basis than our unsuccessful critical attempts to refute it” （Karl Popper）.
“我们对于任何自然规律的坚信都不能像我们怀着不可能的愿望去推翻它那样有一个坚实的基础” （卡尔·波尔）。
选择正确的短语填空
_____（According to my opinion／In my opinion），when in trouble we’d better ask our teachers，parents，friends or classmates for help.
9、personally adv.就自己而言
巧记提示 personal（adj. 个人的）+-ly（副词后缀）
例如： Personally，I don’t mind your smoking here.
就个人而言，我不介意你在这儿吸烟。
（1）同义短语：in my opinion
（2）personally 表示“就个人来说”，是副词，常用在句首。如：
Personally，I think he is dishonest，but many people trust him .
就我个人而言，我认为他不诚实，可是有许多人信任他。
选择：You may not agree；but____ I think she is a good girl.
A. truly B. gradually
C. personally D. commonly
10、equal adj.平等的
Women are demanding equal pay for equal work.
妇女要求同工同酬。
（1）反义词：unequal 不相等的，不平等的；派生词：equality n. equally adv.（副词）
（2）搭配：be equal to sth./sb.与……相等/平等
We should give every player an equal chance to win.
Experience is equally as valuable as theory.
11、struggle n. 斗争，拼搏
巧记提示 struggle（竞争）→structure（n. 结构）
Despite his terrible injuries，he wouldn’t give up the struggle for life.
他尽管身负重伤，但仍然没有放弃求生的努力。
（1）同义词，fight n.
（2）struggle vi.竞争，努力，奋斗
常见短语：struggle against with difficulties 与困难作斗争
struggle for power 争夺权力
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle through the snowstorm冒着暴风雪前进
12、protest n. 抗议
巧记提示 pro（=pre，前缀：在前）+test（v. 作证）；
原义：在……面前作证→坚决表示赞成或反对→抗议。
经典例句 Loud protests were heard when the decision was announced.
这决定一经宣布，抗议之声不绝于耳。
（1）搭配：enter／make a protest about/against sth. 对某事物提出抗议
（2）习惯用语：under protest 不情愿地，认为是不公正地
用正确的介词填空
The workers stopped working as a protest_____ the long time of overwork.
13、millions of 数百万，许许多多的……
（1）类似的词语还有 thousands of，hundreds of，tens of thousands of ,dozens of 和 scores of ,这些短语后面需接可数名词的复数形式。
There were millions of inhabitants living in the city.
（2）用基数词表示确定数量时，hundred，thousand，million等构成的数词要用单数形式，后面的复数名词前一般不得加 of。如：
There were several million inhabitants living in the city.
（3）当 hundred，thousand，million这些词用来表示不确定数量时，必须使用复数形式，同时接“of +复数名词”。
用所给词的正确形式填空
Millions of ______（book） have been written about young people in the United States.
四. 重点句式分析与拓展
1、The spaceship, called Shenzhou V. was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei.
这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。
（1）句中的called Shenzhou V 是动词的过去分词，作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。即：which is called Shenzhou V.
（2）Yang Liwei 和 China’s first astronaut 互指，是China’s first astronaut 的同位语。
拓展：
（1）过去分词作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
（2）过去分词或短语作定语与所修饰的词之间往往存在被动的关系。
2、When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.
当飞船绕地球转到第七圈时，杨利伟在飞船上展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，以表达中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的意愿。
（1）这是一个主从复合句，从句是“When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle”在句中是状语从句，表示主句谓语动词 show 发生的时间。
（2）现在分词短语 expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully 在句中也作状语，表示与 show 同时发生的伴随动作。这个短语中的to explore and use space peacefully 是并列的不定式短语，作 the wishes 的后置定语。现在分词短语作伴随状语多放在句子的后面。
3、As Yang Liwei returned into the earth’s atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him.
当杨利伟返回地球大气层的时候，直升机已经飞往着陆地点，等候迎接他。
（1）该句是一个主从复合句，句中包含两个从句。
（2）as 引导的从句是一个时间状语从句，表示句中的动词 fly 发生的时间；where 引导的从句是一个宾语从句，作介词 to 的宾语。
（3）句末的 ready to collect him 是一个形容词短语，在句中作状语。
拓展：
（1）as，when 和 while 都表时间，但有区别。as 多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”；when 则强调“特定时间”；while 也表同一时间，其所表示的时间不是一点，而是一段。
（2）形容词或形容词短语作状语常常不是修饰某一个动词。它表示句中的一个名词或代词所表现出来的状态，用这样的一个词常常能起到言简意赅的作用。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：15分钟）
一、词组专项练习
1. What you know about him is not his real______（性格）.
2. Martin liked Gandhi’s ideas about peaceful ______ （抗议）.
3. He devoted all his life to______ （斗争） for the rights of Chinese people.
4. They are （组织） a charity concert for the disabled.
5. The hero is f for being brave and good.
6. Do you know why people are interested in e______ space and oceans
7. Yang Liwei is the first a______ of China, who stayed in space for 21 hours.
8. He w goodbye to us and then disappeared in the distance.
9. Do you still remember the e of our first meet
10. Are you k to play tennis with me this afternoon
二、综合阅读
He was the baby with no name. He was found and taken from the north Atlantic（大西洋） six days after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. The salvage （救援） workers called the small body “our baby.” In their home port （港口基地） of Halifax, Nova Scotia, people collected money for a headstone（墓碑） in front of the baby’s grave （墓）, written with the words： “To the memory of an unknown child.” He has rested there ever since.
But history has a way of finding its secrets. On Nov. 5, this year, three members of a family from Finland arrived at Halifax and put fresh flowers at the grave. “This is our baby,” says Magda Schleifer, 68, a banker. She grew up hearing stories about a great-aunt（姑姥姥） named Maria Panula, 42. At that time, she had sailed on the Titanic for America to meet her husband. According to the information Mrs. Schleifer had got, Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat（救生艇） to search for her five children - including a 13-month-old boy named Eino from whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the sinking. “We thought they were all lost in the sea,” says Schleifer.
Now, using teeth and bone pieces taken from the baby’s grave, scientists have compared the
DNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of five families who lost relatives（亲属）on the Titanic and never found the bodies. The result of the test shows that it may be the possible person： young Eino. Now, the family understand： no need for a new grave. “He belongs to the people of Halifax,” says Schleifer. “They’ve taken care of him for 90 years.”
Adapted from People, November 25, 2002
1. The baby travelled on the Titanic with his___________.
A. mother B. parents C. aunt D. relatives
2. What is probably the boy’s last name
A. Schleiferi. B. Eino. C. Magda. D. Panula.
3. The underlined word it refers to .
A. The Titanic B. Eino. C. Magda. D. The story
4. Some members of the family went to Halifax and put flowers at the child’s grave on Nov. 5______.
A. 1912 B. 1954 C. 2002 D. 2004
5. This text is mainly about how______________.
A. the unknown baby’s body was taken from the north Atlantic
B. the unknown baby was buried in Halifax, Nova Scotia
C. people found out who the unknown baby was
D. people took care of the unknown baby for 90 years
【试题答案】
一、词组专练和单词拼写
1. character 2. protest 3. fight/struggle
4. organizing 5. famous 6. exploring
7. astronaut 8. waved 9. experience
10. keen
二、综合阅读
1. A
因为当时孩子的母亲玛丽亚带着五个孩子去美国看她的丈夫，所以孩子应该是和母亲一起乘的铁达尼号。
2. D
孩子的母亲叫Maria Panula，根据西方人的习俗，妻子结婚后随夫姓，所以她丈夫的姓是Panula，孩子亦然。
3. B
it在这指小孩Eino。
4. C
铁达尼号1912年出事，最后一句话“They’ve taken care of him for 90 years.”说孩子被照顾了90年，所以孩子的家庭成员来看他的时候应该是2002年。
5. C
故事的结尾段一句话The result of the test shows that it may be the possible person： young Eino. 它告诉我们说根据DNA技术，孩子可能就是Eino。
