英语：Unit 1《Lifestyles》教案Grammar（1）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit 1 of Module I Period Three（Grammar）
二. 目标与要求
1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。
2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。
3、对比一般现在时态和现在进行时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。
三. 语法讲解
一般现在时
（一）时态构成：
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加-s或-es。
（二）时态的用法：
1、表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态和现阶段的习惯
常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday 等。如：
He is always ready to help others.
The students have sports at five every afternoon.
Does he work hard
2、表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理
Three plus two is five.
A plane is faster than a car.
China is in Asia.
Light travels faster than sound.
3、在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中
主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。如：
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
She’ll go to see him as soon as she arrives.
When they come, they’ll tell you something important.
4、在含宾语从句的复合句中
尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.
5、表示已经安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态
一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。如：
My birthday falls on May 2.
The meeting is at 2:00 p.m.
His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m.
6、图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景
动词常用一般现在时。如：
Scene 1 ( Mary and Miss Green are in the professor’s room-a large ,pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. )
7、几个由here, there 开头的句子
动词用一般现在时表示现在正在进行的动作。如：
There goes the bell. Let’s hurry.
Here comes the teacher.
现在进行时
（一）现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由助动词be(am, is, are)+现在分词构成。am 用于第一人称单数，is用于第三人称单数， are用于其他各人称。
（二）现在进行时的用法
1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
The boys are reading magazines.
Are the students dancing
Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom.
2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不在进行中）
—What’s he doing this week
—He is translating a novel.
They are learning Chinese in Beijing.
I’m working for an American company.
3）现在进行时常与副词always, constantly 等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。如
The girl is always smiling happily.
You’re always making the same mistake.
She’s constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意
4）用进行时表示过程
It’s getting cold. 天气变得越来越冷
The leaves on the trees are turning brown.
She’s finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.
她渐渐感到化学比物理难学。
5）现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作（见一般将来时有关讲解）
注意：英语里有些动词一般不用于进行时，它们在新教材里也被称为静态动词。
①表示知觉的动词，如see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel 等；
②表示态度和感情的动词，如believe, agree, like, hate, want, think 等；
③一些不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词，如have, depend, seem（似乎）, belong to（属于）, consist（组成）, possess（拥有，占有）等。
但当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于进行时。试比较：
I feel sick.
The doctor is feeling my pulse.
I can’t see anything in the bowl.
Tom is seeing his friend off at the airport.
【家庭作业】
1. Exercises 2.3.4 of Lesson 1 on Page 54.
2. Exercises 1.2.3.4 of Lesson 3 on Page 58.
【巩固练习】
1、Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______also true of the Johnsons.（2006安徽30）
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
●思路分析：此题考查主语与谓语的一致性。of what has been said 修饰most, 所以谓语动词用单数。
答案：B
2、—Four dollars a pair I think it’s a bit too much.
—If you buy three pairs, the price for each will______ to three fifty.
A. come down B. take down
C. turn over D. go over
●思路分析：此题考查动词短语。come down 意思是“价格下跌”；take down“记下”；turn over“移交”；go over“仔细查看”。
答案：A
3、—Why did you leave that position
—I _______a better position at IBM. （2005全国高考31）
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
●思路分析：此题考查时态、语态。句意：“——为什么你离开那个职位？——在IBM我被提供了一个更好的职位。”此题中“被提供职位”一事在过去已经发生，所以用过去被动语态。
答案：D
4、They have a good knowledge of English but little ______they know about German.(2005天津，4)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
●思路分析：该题考查句式结构。句意为“他们有着良好的英语知识，但对德语他们却知之甚少。”“little”放在句首，句子要倒装，因此该空应填助动词，根据语境用一般现在时。
答案：D
5、Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing.
People ________to ask how I am going to spend the money. （2005湖南,32）
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
●思路分析：该题考查时态的运用。句意是：“自从我获大奖以来，我的电话不断，人们在电话中询问我打算如何花掉这笔钱。”表示人们现在的关心，所以用现在进行时，不能用过去进行时或将来时。
答案：D
6、Months ago we sailed ten miles across this open sea, which ______the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005辽宁，33 )
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
●思路分析：该题考查被动语态的运用。在定语从句中，被称为太平洋的海域是一个客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。
答案：B
7、The classroom is big enough _______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students. （2005福建，30）
A. for the moment B. on the moment
C. in a moment D. for a moment
●思路分析：该题考查词组含义。for the moment“暂时，目前”；in a moment “即刻，马上”；for a moment“一会儿，片刻”。
答案：A
8、More than a dozen students in that school _______ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005上海，30）
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
●思路分析：该题考查动词的时态与语态。根据时间状语“last year”可以判断谓语动词应用一般过去时，排除C、D 两项；又因学生是“被送出国”，可排除A项。
答案：B
9、Let’s keep to the point or we _______any decisions. (2004全国，22 )
A. will never reach B. have never reached
C. never reach D. never reached
●思路分析：本题考查动词的时态。句意为：“咱们还是抓住重点，否则就永远作不出任何决定了。”从语境看，应用将来时。
答案：A
10、According to the art dealer, the painting ________to go for at least a million dollars.（2004全国，34）
A. is expected B. expects
C. expected D. is expecting
●思路分析：本题考查动词的时态、语态。句意为：“按画商的话说，这幅画预计至少值100万美元。”句子的主语是物painting,所以用被动语态。
答案：A
【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）
一. 单项选择题
1、Lucy and Lily often ______to school by car ,but today they_______.
A. come ; are walking B. are coming; are walking
C. are coming; walk D. comes; walk
2、We _______at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
A. is having a meeting B. are having a meeting
C. is going to have a meeting D. have a meeting
3、It _____this afternoon.
A. will snow B. going to snow
C. is going to snow D. snows
4、—Are you still busy
—Yes, I ______my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B .am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
5、What time ______the match _______
A. does; begin B. do; begin
C. is; going to begin D. is; beginning
6、Because the shop _______,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
7、The volleyball match will be delayed if it ______tomorrow.
A. will rain B. rains
C. rained D. is raining
8、—You are drinking too much.
—Only at home, no one _______me but you.
A. is seeing B. had seen
C. sees D. saw
9、She ______those in trouble all the time.
A. helps B. help
C. is helping D. has helped
10、It’s said that he _______a novel, but I don’t know whether it’s finished.
A. write B. writes
C. is writing D. wrote
二. 阅读理解
Pulling heavy suitcases（箱子）all day in the summer is hard work, especially when you’re a thin 14-year-old. That was me in 1940—the youngest and smallest baggage boy（行李童） at New York City’s Pennsyl vania Railway Station.
After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the others were overcharging（要价过高）pas sengers. I’d like to join them, thinking, “Everyone else is doing it.”
When I got home that night, I told my dad what I wanted to do. “You give an honest day’s work,” he said, looking at me straight in the eye. “They’re paying you. If they want to do that, you let them do that.”
I followed my dad's advice for the rest of that summer and have lived by his words ever since.
Of all the jobs I've had, it was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station that has stuck with me（让我记忆深刻）. Now I teach my players to have respect（尊重） for other people and their possessions（财产）. Being a member of a team is a totally shared experience. If one person steals, it destroys（破坏）trust and hurts everyone. I can put up with（忍受） many things, but not with people who steal. If one of my players were caught stealing, he'd be gone.
Whether you’re on a sports team, in an office or a member of a family, if you can’t trust one another, there’s going to be trouble.
1. What can be inferred（推断出）about the baggage boys
A. They could earn much, but they had to work hard.
B. Many of them earned money in a dishonest way.
C. They were all from poor families.
D. They were all thin, young boys.
2. What does the father's advice imply(意味着)
A. It is wrong to give more pay to the passengers.
B. Don’t believe them if they are paying you more.
C. Don’t follow others to overcharge the passengers.
D. It is difficult to work hard and live as an honest boy.
3. The underlined word steal means ______.
A. take away something owned by others secretly and wrongfully（不正当的）.
B. give something to other persons surreptitiously(秘密的).
C. lend something to another person.
D. borrow something from others without trickery (欺骗).
4. The writer can’t put up with stealing because he thinks that ______.
A. it is a totally shared experience.
B. it is considered as the most dangerous.
C. it does great harm to human relationship
D. it may lead to the loss of his sports team
5. It can be concluded from the text that ______.
A. his father's advice helped him to decide which job to take up
B. working in the sports team was his most important experience
C. he learnt much from his shared experience with his team members
D. his experience as a baggage boy had a great influence on his later life
【试题答案】
一、单项选择题
1、A
●思路分析：句意是：“露西和莉莉经常坐车去上学，可是今天她们打算步行去上学。”第一空是表示现阶段的习惯性动作，而第二空是用动词的进行时表示将来的动作。
要注意两个人作主语，谓语动词用复数。
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作及现在存在的特征或状态；常与表示频度的时间状语连用。be doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常用于go, come, start, leave, reach, arrive, return, move等位移动词。如：When are you going there
2、B
●思路分析：此题容易误选C项，注意谓语动词的单复数形式。
将来时有很多种表达：shall/will + 动词原形，be going to do sth.可以指根据现有的征兆判断即将发生某事。be going to + 动词原形，be about to +动词原形，be to+动词原形，be doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
3、C
●思路分析：句意是“今天下午很可能会下雪。”
“will +动词原形”单纯表示将来的动作或状态；“be going to do sth .”根据现有的征兆判断即将发生某事；be to do sth.1)打算做某事2）“应该，必须”做某事。
4、B
●思路分析：根据上句及答语的Yes和后 句中的将来时，可知finish这一动作尚未发生，故C项错误。此题容易误选D项，没有弄清楚将来时与一般现在时的用法。
瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示最近按计划、安排要做的事情。但一般现在时表示将来时，是表示某个集体或组织的计划；现在进行时表示将来时，则强调个人在最近要做的事情或已经安排计划好的事情。
5、A
●思路分析：一般现在时可以表示计划或安排好的事情，一般是物作主语。
此题容易误选C项，没有掌握好将来时与一般现在时表示将来的用法。
一般现在时表示计划或安排要做的动作(有时间状语)，限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, move, stop, open, close, return等一类动词。
6、C
●思路分析：由“该店正在甩卖T恤衫”可知这家店即将关门，但现在仍在营业，选项中只有现在进行时可以表达将来的动作。
此题容易误选B项。从意思上容易理解为这家店倒闭了，衣服半价出售。
此处现在进行时表示目前一段时间内将要进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
7、B
●思路分析：条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
此题容易误选A项，只看到了时间状语tomorrow，而忽视了条件状语从句。
在由连词if, unless, before, when, as, once, however等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句中，需用一般现在时表示将来。
8、A
●思路分析：最后一句话的意思是“现在是在家里。除了你没人看见我喝酒。”而通过第一句话可知后者正在喝酒，应是现在进行时。
此题容易误选D项，误认为是“以前没有”，而忽视了前半句表示正在喝酒。
现在进行时表示现在 （指说话人说话时）正在发生的。
9、C
●思路分析：现在进行时和always, all the time, constantly等频度副词连用时，表示说话人的不满、抱怨、赞赏等情感。
此题容易误选A项。用一般现在时陈述一般事实，忽略了说话人的情感。
与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感彩，如赞叹或厌恶等。
10、C
●思路分析：句意“据说他正在写一部小说，但我不知道他是否已经写完了。”现在进行时态表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
此题容易误选D项，原因是做题粗心，只看前半句话，就选了答案。
二、阅读理解
1、B
A、第一段虽然提到这些帮别人拎东西的小行李童很辛苦，但是没有提到能赚多少钱，本项说他们能赚很多显然是不正确的。B、从这一句：I began noticing that the others were overcharging（要价过高）pas sengers.“我注意到很多人都向乘客要高价。” 可知，很多人以一种不诚实的方式赚钱。所以，正确选项应该是B。至于C、和D.说这些行李童都来自贫寒家庭或者又瘦又小都没有提及。
2、C
父亲的建议是：你付出了一天的诚实劳动，乘客愿意多付钱就多付钱。隐含的意思是你不可以像其他人一样多向他们索取。故应该选 C。
3、A
本题答案应该选择A, steal的意思是：秘密的、不正当的拿走别人的所属物品。
4、C
作者不能忍受偷窃行为是因为它是：A、一种完完全全的共同参与经历。B、被认为是最危险的行为。C、它是对人际关系的一种破坏。D、它可能会使他的运动队造成损失。可见C选项是最佳答案。
5、D
从这句可见：Of all the jobs I've had, it was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station that has stuck with me（在我所有从事过的工作中，正是我在纽约宾西法尼亚火车站的经历让我记忆深刻。所以说这段经历对作者的人生有深远的影响。）英语：Unit 1《Lifestyles》Lesson 3 & 4（3）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit 1 of Module I Period Two （Lesson 3 & 4）
I. 教学目标与要求：
1. 掌握这些重点词汇的用法
graduate vi.毕业 challenge vt. 意思是“向……挑战，邀请比赛”
support vt.& n.支撑；支持 design vt.& n. 设计
Solve vt.解决，解答 at the moment
as a result 因此 otherwise adv.另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的方式adj.另外的, 其他方面的
2. 重点句式
1）Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常车太拥挤，以致于我常常找不到座位。
2）We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city, and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.
我们喜欢去那些远离城市、幽静、风光秀丽的地方，在没有商店、人群、地铁的地方漫步。
3）People believe that an English Duchess Anna ,the 7th Duchess of Bedford（1788-1861） first introduced the idea of afternoon tea.
4）How much time do you spend watching TV every day
3. 写作：
运用本单元所学的单词、短语、句型以及语法，给朋友写一封信谈谈你的生活方式，可以参考课文的文章结构。
II. 重难点词汇讲解：
1. graduate vi.毕业
graduate（毕业）→gradual（adj.逐渐的，渐渐的）毕业的日子渐渐临近。
She graduated from American college.她从一所美国的学院毕业。
1）派生词：graduation n. （大学）毕业
2）搭配：graduate at／from+校名 毕业于某所学校
graduate in+专业 毕业于某个专业
3）graduate n. 意思是“研究生、（大学）毕业生”，“尚未取得学位的大学生”则称为undergraduate，postgraduate也指“研究生”。
2. challenge vt. 意思是“向……挑战，邀请比赛”
常用的结构为：challenge sb. to do sth. 如：
He challenged me to play another tennis game.
他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。
n. 挑战challenge（挑战）→change（n.变化）人生总是充满了变化，也充满了挑战。
Reducing the difference between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.
缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一。
搭配：a challenge to sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事
现场练习：选择下面句子的正确译文
每次我向他挑战，他都避而不战。
a. Every time I challenge to him，he gets rid of me.
b. Every time I challenge him，he gets rid of me.
3. support vt.& n. 支撑；支持
Which football team do you support
你支持哪个足球队
He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him.
他饿得没有力气，我得搀着他。
请注意support在不同语言环境中的确切含义：
Walls support the roof. 支撑；托住
She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching. 资助；鼓励；帮助
He’s a large family to support. 赡养
The boy hastened to support his mother. 搀扶
4. design vt.& n. 设计
de （加强意义）+sign（n.记号，标记）在图纸上作各种标记→设计
She designs all her dresses.她设计所有自己的衣服。
This machine is of bad design.这部机器的设计很差。
习惯用语：have designs on sb./sth.企图伤害某人/某事物；企图将某人/某事物据为己有。
固定搭配：by design 有意地
5. solve vt.解决，解答
solve（解决，解答）→sole（adj.唯一的）这是唯一的解决方案。
Help me to solve the problem. 请帮我解决这个棘手的问题。
1）派生词：solution n. 解决办法
2）注意solve与answer在用法上的区别：
动词：answer 回答 solve 解决
answer a question 回答问题 solve a problem 解决问题
名词：answer 回答，答案 solution 解决办法
an answer to a question a solution to a problem
6. crowded adj. 拥挤的
crowd（v. 拥挤）+-ed（形容词词尾）
Wangfujing Street is a crowded street.王府井大街人比较多。
固定搭配：be crowded with…被……挤满
改错
1）The theater crowded with audience.这个戏院挤满了观众。
2）He was crowded the cards into a filling box. 他将卡片塞入文件箱。
7. nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在……附近 nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
near（adv. 在……附近）+by（adv. 附近）
My uncle works in a nearby factory.我叔叔在附近的一家工厂上班。
The performer was waving his stick in the street and it narrowly missed the child standing nearby.
表演者在街上挥舞着手中的棒子，差点击中了站在边上的孩子。
辨析：nearby 和 near
nearby和 near作形容词时，都表示“附近的”。near 有比较级和最高级，nearby则没有比较等级；若指空间，而非时间，要用nearby修饰，不能用near。
现场练习：
Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting，addressed it to herself and then posted it at the____（near／nearby）post office.
8. otherwise adv. 不同地;（在）其他方面;（在不同情况下）否则
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.
他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
We’ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.
我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I’ve got one more page to write; otherwise I’ve finished.
我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
adj. 另外的, 别样的; 不那样的,其他方面的; 不同的, 在不同情况下的
Some are wise, some are otherwise. 有的人聪明, 有的人不聪明。
otherwise conj. 否则, 不然
作连词时，otherwise 和or 可通用，or 的意思是：（要）不然；否则
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。
Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold.
穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。
“Go quick, or else you’ll miss the bus.”
“快走，否则你要赶不上公共汽车了。”
9. at the moment at the present time 此刻；目前；现在
for the moment =for the present, temporarily, for now 暂时；目前
in a moment very soon一会儿；立刻；马上
Unfortunately, her mobile phone is engaged at the moment.
They are living in an ugly house for the moment.
He was here a moment ago. Just wait a moment，he will come back at the moment.
他刚才还在这里，等一会儿吧，他很快就会回来。
10. as a result 因此，结果
He got up late ,as a result, he didn’t catch the early bus.
他起晚了，结果没赶上早班汽车。
比较：as a result of 因为……（的原因），例如：
He has passed the examination as a/the result of his hard work.
因为他的努力，他通过了这次考试。
11. come up with 找到，想出办法
I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
我希望你能想出比这更好的计划。
1）除了with，come up 还能与其他的介词搭配。如：
come up to达到、符合，比得上
come up against 碰到，遭遇
2）come up 本身也是一个意义丰富的短语，它的主要意思有：走近，上来，发芽，流行，发生，被提出，上升，讨论，出现等。
翻译句子：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
III. 重点句式分析与拓展：
1. Usually ,it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常车太拥挤，以致于我常常找不到座位。
剖析1）本句是一个主从复合句，从句是表示结果的状语从句，引导词是被形容词crowded割裂开来的so…that。
2）从句中的to sit 是一个不定式，在句中作状语，表示find anywhere的目的。
拓展
1）so…that. 和 such…that…两个结构都可用以引导结果状语从句，但so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。它们的句式结构归纳如下：
so + adj. ／adv. +that…
so + adj. +a／an+可数名词单数+that…
such + a／an + adj. +可数名词单数+that…
such + （adj. ）+名词复数／不可数名词+that…
2）such + a／an + adj. +可数名词单数+that…可与
so + adj. +a／an+可数名词单数+that…转换。
Lucy is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
=Lucy is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
露西是如此可爱的女孩，以致于我们都喜欢她。
2. We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city, and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.
我们喜欢去那些远离城市、幽静、风光秀丽的地方，在没有商店、人群、地铁的地方漫步。
剖析：
1）这是一个主从复合句，句中包含一个状语从句。
2）这个复合句的主句是We like to visit nice，quiet places far away from the city，and go walking，它由and连接的两个并列的谓语构成。第一个谓语中的不定式短语to visit …city作动词like的宾语，far away from the city则是一个后置定语，修饰places。
3）where…tube 在句中作状语，表示go walking 的地点。
拓展 where 除引导地点状语从句外，还引导定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。
3. People believe that an English Duchess Anna ,the 7th Duchess of Bedford（1788-1861） first introduced the idea of afternoon tea.
本句中 that 引导的是宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语。宾语从句中的 the 7th Duchess of Bedford（1788-1861）是an English Duchess Anna的同位语。本句意思相当于：It is believed that an English Duchess Anna, the 7th Duchess Of Bedford（1788～1861）first introduced the idea of afternoon tea.
拓展：
“据说……”可以用多种方式表达，常见的除了本句中的…believe that…还有：
…reported that…= It was reported that…
…said that…=It was said that…
…thought that …=It was thought that…
4. How much time do you spend watching TV every day
同学们要记住这三个有关的句型：spend time/money on sth. 在某方面花时间/金钱
spend time/money doing sth.花时间/金钱做某事
另外两个句型也要牢记：
It takes + （sb.） time +to do sth.做某事需要花某人多少时间
It costs + money + to do sth. 做某事需要花某人多少钱
We will spend a week or two putting up the house.
我们将花一两周的时间来建造这座房子。
He has spent a large amount of money on books.
他花了大量的钱在购书上。
It took me two years to go around China.
走遍中国花了我两年时间。
It cost me 100 dollars to buy the dictionary.买字典花了我100美元。
（这两个句子的主语都是用It 指代句中的不定式短语。）
【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）
I. 单项选择
1. If you go to Xi’an，you’ll find the palaces more magnificent than commonly .
A. supposing B. supposed
C. to suppose D. suppose
2. The train was to arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.
A. about B. likely
C certain D. supposed
3. I can’t stand _____with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _____talking while she works.
A. working；stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working；to stop D. to work; to stop
4. Rather than——on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____a bicycle.
A. ride；ride B. riding; ride
C ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
5. —Which do you prefer, beef _____ pork
—I prefer pork _____beef.
A. or；to B. to; or
C. to；to D. or; or
6. He will have learnt English for eight years by the time he ____from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
7. They now have a good government , _____by all the people.
A. having supported B. supporting
C. supported D. to be supported
8. It is said that the early European playing-cards———for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
9. The new suspension bridge _____by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
10. Nowadays, we students are from heavy school work and for the entrance examination.
A. suffering, preparing B. suffered, prepared
C. suffering, prepares D. suffers, preparing
11. Although we invited him to the party, Mr. Smith decided to another late night the computer room.
A. spend; in B. take; for
C. cost; on D. spend; on
12. The room _____smoke and I had to go out for some fresh air.
A. was filled of B. was full with
C. was filled with D. was full about
13. _____his carelessness, he didn’t pass the examination.
A. As a result B. As a result of
C. Because D. Since
14. It rained heavily yesterday ._____, they didn’t turn up at the meeting.
A. As a result B. As a result of
C. First of all D. Instead of
15. You must do your best in your physics, you will fail in the examination.
A. and B. however
C. but D. otherwise
II. 综合阅读
The famous American gorilla （大猩猩） expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.
Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster （a frightening animal）, and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.
Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.
Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species（物种）of mammal （哺乳类动物）,” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive（破坏性的） on earth. We must retrain（教育）it for its own good.”
1. The text mainly talks about _____.
A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in Rwanda
C. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the Mist
2. According to the text, the two countries Rwanda and Uganda are _____.
A. in West Africa B. in East Africa
C. in South Africa D. in North Africa
3. We can learn from the text that _____.
A. Gorillas in the mist was based on（基于）Fossey’s experiences
B. Lowland gorillas live longer than mountain gorillas
C. King Kong showed us that a gorilla is admirable
D. Diane Fossey was murdered by a gorilla
4. What message can we get from the two photos in the magazine
A. Gorillas are man’s close friends.
B. Both man and the gorilla need to be saved.
C. Young gorillas are as lovely as human babies.
D. Man should live peacefully with the gorilla.
【试题答案】
I. 单项选择
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. C 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
II. 综合阅读
1. C 本文谈的都是人类应该好好保护大猩猩。
2. B, 从 From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east,这个句子，我们知道刚果在西非，从西到东，卢旺达和乌干达应该在东非。
3. A，从这句…her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist.可知
4. D 最后一段告诉我们，人类应该和大猩猩和平共处。英语：Unit 1《Lifestyles》Lesson 1 & 2（2）（北师大版必修1）
一. 教学内容：
Unit 1 of Module I Period One （Lesson 1 & 2）
二. 教学目标与要求：
1、在第一课和第二课里，我们学习了如何谈论我们的生活方式。话题的选择贴近我们的生活，能引起同学们共鸣，激发同学们的学习动机。
2、复习一般现在时态和现在进行时态，以及它们的用法和区别。
3、进一步了解不同文化背景下，不同的个人生活方式，引导同学们树立良好的学习和生活习惯。
4、学习策略：运用听力策略对所听内容进行预测。
5、掌握重点单词、短语、句式，在练习中能灵活运用。
三. 本周重难点词汇讲解：
1、peaceful adj .和平的，平静的
peace (n.和平)+-ful（形容词后缀）
The peaceful uses of atomic energy will do good to human beings .
原子能的和平利用将造福人类。
It’s peaceful at home when the children are at school .
孩子们在学校上学时，家里就安静了。
（1）反义词：unpeaceful adj. 不平静的，不和平的
派生词：peacefully adv. 和平地，平静地
（2）同义词辨析：peaceful 与calm
这些形容词表明没有激动兴奋或未被打扰。
calm 隐含远离情感冲动之意；
peaceful 意指未被打破的镇静。
2、relaxing adj .轻松的，放松的
relax(v. 放松)+—ing(形容词后缀)
All the students going for holidays, it is really a relaxing evening for the headteacher.
所有的学生都度假去了，对于班主任来说这真是一个使人感到轻松的夜晚。
同根词：relaxed意为“感到轻松的”。
有些现在分词和过去分词可用作形容词，现在分词意为“令人……的”，其逻辑主语是物；过去分词意为“感到……的”，其逻辑主语是人。类似用法的词有：surprised /surprising; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; moved/moving;
puzzled/puzzling
He got/became bored by her boring speech.
他被她那些令人厌烦的话搞烦了。
3、suppose的用法
1）suppose后接that引导的宾语从句，表示“认为／猜想……”。如：
As she’s not here ,I suppose she must have gone home.
她不在这儿，我猜想她已经回家了。
Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.
科学家们认为大型恐龙栖居于沼泽地中。
2）be supposed to 是个固定词组，意思是“应该，有……的义务”。如：
I thought we were supposed to be paid today.
我以为我们今天会领到薪水呢。
3）suppose／supposing可以引导条件状语从句，相当于if 的作用。如：
Supposing(that) you are wrong，what will you do then
假设你错了，那你会怎么办
4、prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿
派生词：preferable adj .更可取的，更合意的；
preference n.喜爱，偏爱
—Which would you prefer，tea or coffee 咖啡和茶你更喜欢哪个
—I prefer tea to coffee.我更喜欢茶。
1）请注意prefer的搭配及用法：
（1）prefer(doing)sth．to (doing) sth.……相比，更喜欢……如：
I prefer coffee to milk．和牛奶相比，我更喜欢咖啡。
I prefer listening to music to watching TV.
和看电视相比，我更喜欢听音乐。
（2）prefer to do sth. rather than(to) do sth.和做……相比，更喜欢做……如：
I prefer to listen to music rather than watch TV.
和看电视相比，我更喜欢听音乐。
（3）prefer+that从句。如：
We prefer that the plan shall be fully discussed.
我们想让这份计划被充分地讨论。
2）prefer sth．to sth．中的to是介词；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth .中to 是动词不定式的符号。
3）prefer to do…rather than do…＝would rather do than do…／would do…rather than do…
5、switch on=turn on把开关打开；接通
switch off=turn off关掉；关上
switch over (to)…转换频道；转变
Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.
At weekends, he often switches on the computer early in the morning and doesn’t switch it off until midnight.
周末，他一早就把计算机打开，直到半夜才关。
If there is not a good play on CCTV8, I would switch over to CCTV7.
如果中央八台没有好节目，我就换到七频道。
6、do some exercise =do some sports =take some exercise 锻炼身体
（exercise作不可数名词用时，意为“锻炼运动”，作可数名词用时，意为“练习、训练”。）
do morning /eye exercises做早操/做眼保健操
He is so fat that everyone advised him to take more exercise.
他太胖了，所以，大家都劝他多锻炼身体。
Students have too many exercises to do after class.
学生课后要做的练习太多。
7、go off
1）爆炸；（爆竹、铃等）响
The gun went off with a bang. 枪砰的一声响了。
2）（食物等）变坏
This steak has gone off.这牛排坏了。
3）消失
The pain went off. 疼痛消失了。
4）进行情况；发生
The interview went off very badly. 访问进行得极不顺利。
5）睡着；失去知觉
Has the baby gone off yet 婴儿睡着了吗？
8、take up
1）to use up, consume, or occupy: 用尽，耗掉或占用（时间/空间）：
The extra duties took up most of my time.
额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间。
2）to develop an interest in or devotion to: 喜欢，钟爱，对……产生了兴趣或钟爱：
Now he takes up mountain climbing.
现在他喜欢上登山运动。
3）to enter into (a profession or business): 开始从事（一项职业或行当）：
He took up art while at school.
他在学校时开始对艺术感兴趣。
4）to begin again; resume: 再次开始；重新开始：
Let’s take up where we left off.
take down 拿起；拆除（构造物）；记下
take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下（衣帽等）；（观念，产品等）突然大受欢迎
take on 呈现（不用于被动语态）
9、be filled with… 装着……；装满…… fill… with… 把……装进……
be full of… 装满……
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
每分钟都有很多急待处理的事情要做。
The bottle is filled with oil.
那瓶子里装满了油。/那瓶子里装着油。
The bottle is full of oil. 那瓶子里装满了油。
Don’t fill the bottle with oil. 别把油装进瓶子里。
10、complain (to sb.) about/of sth. 向……抱怨……
1）vi. 抱怨；埋怨；
Almost immediately she began to complain to me about his impoliteness.
她几乎马上就对我开始抱怨起他的无礼来了。
2）诉苦；叫屈；说自己有病（of）
The boy complained of a pain in his stomach.
这孩子说他肚子痛。
3）vt. 抱怨， 控诉［常与that从句连用］
They complained that the wages were too low.他们抱怨工资过低。
They complained that the price of books had increased.
他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。
4）n. 抱怨;埋怨;不满
We have a number of complains about their service.
对他们的服务我们有些怨言。
四. 重点句式分析与拓展
1. I am shy and find social situations stressful. (Ex.2,L2)
我很内向而且发现社交场合使我紧张。
find+O. (宾语)+O.C.（宾语补足语）
这是一个常用句式，充当宾补成份的可以是n., adj., v.+ing, v.+ed, prepositional phrases, etc.
We all call him Little Tiger. (n. 作宾补) 我们都叫他小虎。
I find sports very exciting. (v.-ing作宾补)我觉得运动非常刺激。
They found him wounded by a knife. (v.+ed作宾补)他们发现他被刀刺伤了。
We found them at the foot of the mountain when we got there. (prepositional phrase作宾补)
当我们到达时，我发现他们在山脚。
The police found him dead in the room. (adv.作宾补)
警察发现他死在屋里。
2. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
这时，我总是随身携带手提电视，坐在石墙上看。此时，小狗则在我身旁围绕。
句中的and 是一个并列连词，连接的分句分别是I always take my portable TV 和I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle. and后的分句又是一个复合句，从句是由while引导的时间状语从句。
拓展：
while常用作从属连词，可以用来引导时间状语从句，常译成“当……的时候”；也可用于引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管、虽然”。while还可以用作并列连词，连接两个并列的句子，这时，两个并列句通常包含对比的意味。
3. Dr. Smith is an expert on losing weight . (Ex.2,L2)
史密斯博士是减肥专家。
lose weight 减轻体重，反义词：put on weight 增加体重
It is easier to put on weight, but it is quite difficult to lose weight.
增加体重较容易，但是减肥就困难了。
4. I can’t stand singing in front of the class. (Ex.8,L2)
我受不了当着全班同学唱歌。
can’t stand sth./doing sth. 无法忍受……
stand vt.表示“忍耐；忍受”时，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，常见于can’t stand sth./doing sth.(不能忍受)这个短语中。如：
I cannot stand waiting any longer.
再等下去我就受不了了。
I can’t stand sitting and doing nothing.
我可受不了整天坐着无事可做。
She can’t stand being kept waiting. 她不能忍受久等。
5. Take turns to talk about the activities you like and don’t like. (Ex.10,L2)
轮流谈谈你们喜欢的和不喜欢的活动。
take turns to do /doing sth.= to do sth. in turn/by turns依次/轮流做某事
in turn 轮流地；一个接一个地；接连地，依次
by turns 轮流地；轮替地；依次地
We take turns to clean the blackboard every day.
We take turns (in) cleaning the blackboard every day.
我们每天轮流擦黑板。
They went into the meeting hall in turn.
他们一个接一个地进入会场。
She laughed and cried by turns.
她一会儿笑，一会儿哭。
6. I couldn’t live this lifestyle without a good wife.
没有一个好妻子，我就不可能生活得这么惬意。not…without 表示“没有……（就）不……”。
Without your help, I couldn’t make so much progress.
没有你的帮助我不可能取得如此大的进步。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 词组专练和单词拼写
switch over, can’t stand , wake up, take up, go off, complain… about, get bored,
1. I normally at six o’clock every morning.
2. The gun and the murder was killed.
3. I really don’t like the program, would you the TV
4. I play basketball every weekend though it much of my spare time.
5. We students sitting in classroom all day without any exercise.
6. I like my life to be full of challenges. If I have nothing to do, I will and fell uneasy.
7. He often to me his parents.
8. She said she didn’t like her present (生活方式).
9. He is (罹患) bad heart disease.
10. We must think out ways to (减少) air pollution.
二. 单项选择
1. The man was tired of the ______ speech and went out of the room.
A. boring B. bored
C. interesting D. interested
2. You’d better not ______ your coat, or you’ll get cold.
A. put on B. get off
C. go off D. have off
3. Don’t forget ______ the light when you leave the office.
A. switching over B. to turn on
C. to switch on D. to switch off
4. —Can you stand ______ in that way
— Absolutely not.
A. to tell a lie B. to be told a lie
C. telling a lie D. be telling a lie
5. The old man is ______ under the tree and ______ a paper.
A. sitting, reading B. sleeping, looking
C. sleeping, reading D. sitting, looking
6. We ______ to clean the blackboard every day.
A. take turn B. in turn
C. by turns D. take turns
7. As we all know, he never ______.
A. smoking B. smoked
C. smokes D. to smoke
8. You will find the laptop well-designed when he ______ it ______.
A. will bring …back B. brings …back
C. takes …away D. will take …away
9. Don’t call me unless there are some ______ matters.
A. lazy B. urgent
C. free D. relaxing
10. I try keeping the meeting short, ______ to waste everyone’s time.
A. so as not to B. in order to
C. in order to not D. not so as to
三. 综合阅读
In America, after middle school comes high school, which includes grades 9 through 12. Students are required to take compulsory subjects like English, social studies, math, science, and physical education. In addition, they choose among elective subjects （选修科目）to complete their high school education. Electives include subjects in technology, music, art, and foreign languages.
Each student in the school has their own locker（储物柜）for books and personal items. This convenience saves students from carrying textbooks, and allows students a small space they can decorate with（以……装饰）posters and favorite objects.
Cheating in any form is strictly prohibited（禁止）in American schools. And in fact, high school students usually don’t cheat. If they are caught cheating, they will have to face severe punishment.
Each school holds certain yearly activities for all school students, such as homecoming（返校节）, prom night（学年舞会）, holiday celebrations, etc.
Most high schools have at least one sports team that competes in local games, and all students are encouraged to take part in athletics. Schools often offer football, baseball and softball, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and soccer. Some may even have sports like golf, swimming, gymnastics and cross-country skiing.
Many high school students have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16, some even earlier. Their first jobs are often babysitting or cutting lawns（草坪）, but later they will likely get a job at a fast-food restaurant, video store, or clothing shop.
Sixteen years old is legal（法定）driving age in most states, and students usually want to own a car as soon as they can. Some parents allow their children to drive a family car, and may even buy a car as a graduation present. Others prefer that their sons and daughters earn enough to buy a used car. Many teenagers feel it’s necessary to own a car, and will do whatever it takes to be able to drive.
1. Which is the best title of this passage
A. How American Students Study.
B. American High School Life
C. The Life of American Students.
D. Introduction to American School.
2. Which statement is right according to the passage
A. Cheating is strictly banned（禁止. only in American high schools.
B. Teenagers in America can be allowed to drive after sixteen years old.
C. Schools encourage all students to take part in sports.
D. English, social studies, math, science, and physical education are elective subjects.
3. The underlined word compulsory in the second line stands for .
A. voluntary
B. difficult
C. optional
D. necessary
4. From the short passage we can infer that .
A. All high school hold some activities for students every year, like homecoming.
B. American parents usually buy cars as graduation presents for their children.
C. If the American boys and girls can earn enough money they can buy a used car to drive.
D. High school students must have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16.
5. The second paragraph suggests
A. A locker can give students a small space to save money.
B. Students can share their lockers.
C. Students can put their posters and favorite objects in the lockers.
D. School provides students lockers to keep their books and personal things.
【试题答案】
一. 词组专练和单词拼写
1. wake up 2. went off 3. switch over 4. take up
5. can’t stand 6. get bored 7. complain… about 8. lifestyle
9. suffering from 10. reduce
二. 单项选择
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
三. 综合阅读
1. B. 本文主要介绍美国高中生的学校学习和课外生活。
2. C. 所有学生被鼓励参加体育运动A.作弊行为不可能仅在高中被禁止。
B. 十六岁作为法定的开车年龄并非在每个州都通行。D. 英语等学科是必修学科。
3. D. compulsory subjects 必修学科。A和C项都是选修之意。
4. A. B项，美国家长有的可能会给孩子买车作为毕业礼物，但并非是普遍的行为。C项，美国孩子即使挣到足够的钱，由于年龄不够，也不可能买车开。D项，美国高中生的兼职行为是一种自愿行为。
5. D A项，储物柜不是为了用来攒钱的，而是放书和个人物品。B项，文中没有提到学生分享公用储物柜。C项，学生可以用海报和个人喜爱的东西来装点储物柜，没有提到要把他们放入柜中。
译文：
在美国，初中学业一结束就进入高中，包括9到12年级。学生们要完成某些必修课，如英语、社会学、数学、自然科学和体育，此外，学生们选修一些课程来完成高中教育。选修科目有应用科学、音乐、美术和外语。
每位学生在学校都有自己的储物柜，用来存放书本或私人物品。这下可方便了，学生们勿需携带课本，而且还使得他们有个小小的空间，可以装点海报及心爱之物。
任何形式的作弊在美国学校里都是严令禁止的，事实上，高中生们一般都不作弊，若学生作弊被抓到，他们会受到严厉的处罚。
各学校每年都会举办一些全校性活动，如返校节、学年舞会（高中或大学在学年末举办的正式舞会）节日庆典，等等。
大多数高中至少有一支球队参加当地的各种大赛，校方鼓励所有的学生参加运动。学校通常有橄榄球、棒球及垒球、篮球、排球、网球和足球，有些学校甚至还提供高尔夫、游泳、体操及越野滑雪项目。
许多高中生在十五六岁就开始做兼职工作了，有些甚至更早。最初他们一般是做临时保姆或是割割草坪，不过后来可能会在快餐店、录像出租店或服装店找到一份工作。
大多数州的法定驾车年龄为16岁，学生们总想能尽快拥有一辆车。一些父母允许自己的孩子驾驶自家车；有些甚至买车当毕业礼物送给孩子；另外还有些父母则希望自己的儿女能自己挣钱买辆二手车。不管怎么说，许多青少年还是觉得有辆车是必要的，只要能开上车，干什么都行。
