2021届通用版高考英语新二轮复习专题考点归纳学案：考点28 It的用法 Word版含解析

考点33
it的用法
高考频度：★★★★★
考向一
it作人称代词
1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子
1）I
hear
you
bought
a
new
bike,
can
you
show
it
to
me？
2）If
I
can
stop
her
coming
to
you,
I
shall
do
it.
3）—I
want
to
stay
here
for
a
night.
—Your
wife
won’t
like
it[]
此时要注意与其他代词如that,
one,
those,
this,
another等的区别：
1.I
hear
you
bought
a
new
bike,
I
want
to
buy
_______
,
too.此处应填one，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，one
＝a
new
bike。
2.I
have
bought
a
new
bike,
but
I
still
want
to
buy
_______
.此处应填another。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。another
＝another
new
bike。
3.We
see
him
when
we
come
to
town,
but
_______
isn’t
often.此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。
4.My
seat
is
next
to
_______
of
the
headmaster.此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the
seat。
5.The
bikes
made
this
year
are
better
than
_______
made
last
years.此处应填those或the
ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用those或the
ones，those
／the
ones＝the
bikes。
2.也可以指动物
Is
this
your
dog？No,
it
isn’t.
3用来指代人。
说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用?it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如：?
—Who
is
it?
—It’s
me.
Who
is
it
there?
It’s
I
(me/you/he....).
I
thought
it
was
Mary,
but
it
was
not
she.
Her
face
lighted
when
she
saw
who
it
was.
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）If
you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports,
so
perhaps
we
should
all
give___70___a
try.
【答案】it
\running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give
it
a
try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.—Who’s
that
at
the
door?
—__________
is
the
milkman.
A.
He
B.
It
C.
This
D.
That
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
3.If
I
can
help_______,
I
don’t
like
working
late
into
the
night.
A.
so????
???????
?B.
that???
??????
C.
it???
??????????
D.
them
【答案】C
【解析】if
I
can
help
it意为
＂如果我有办法＂,
表示有办法做某事,
或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I
don’t
like
working
late
into
the
night说明如果有办法,
不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为
＂这样＂,
常用于省略句中,
代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
考向二
非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It
is
a
lovely
day,
isn’t?
it?
It
is
a
bit
windy.
2.指时间:
It
was
nearly
midnight
when
she
came
back.
3.指环境:
It
was
very
quiet
in?
the?
café.
4.指距离：It
is
half
an
hour’s?
walk?
to
the
city
centre.
5指日期：
What’s
the
date
today?
It’s
the
eleventh,
October.
6指季节：It
is
summer
now.
7指度量：It
is
about
20
pound/kg
8.指价值：
---
What’s
the
cost
of
the
dictionary?
---It
is
sixty-three.
9指温度It’s
35
centigrade
now.
So
I
feel
hot.
—He
got
his
first
book
published.
It
turned
out
to
be
a
bestseller.
—When
was
_____?
—_____
was
in
2000
when
he
was
still
in
college.
A.
that;
This
B.
this;
It
C.
it;
This
D.
that;
It
【答案】D
【解析】句意：
＂他的第一本书出版了,
并且成了一本畅销书。＂
＂那是什么时候？＂
＂那是在2000年他还在上大学的时候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that;
it可以指时间、天气、距离等概念。
考向二
作形式主语，替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句
（一）
作形式主语替代主语从句
1.①It
is
clear
(
obvious，
true，
possible，
certain....)
that
...该句型中it
是形式主语，真正的主语是that
引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）＂　是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
?
It
is
very
clear
that
he’s
round
and
tall
like
a
tree.
=
That?
he’s
round
and
tall
like
a
tree
is
very
clear.
②
It
is
important
(
necessary，
right，
strange，
natural...)
that
...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that
后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should
+
动词原形），should
可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
?
It
is
important
that
we
(should)
learn
English
well.
　　
?
It
is
necessary
that
he
(should)
remember
these
words.
2.①
It
is
said
(reported/
learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)
that
...
该句型中的it
仍是形式主语，真正主语是that
引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
　　
?
It
is
said
that
he
has
come
to
Beijing.
　　
?
It
is
reported
that
another
earth
satellite
has
been
put
into
orbit.
该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如：
It’s
said
that
Tom
has
come
back
from
abroad.→People
say
that
Tom
has
come
back
from
abroad.→He
is
said
to
have
come
back
from
abroad.
It
is
suggested
(
ordered
/demanded/insisted/commanded...
)
that
...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should
+
动词原形），should
可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令…….）
　
It
is
suggested
that
the
meeting
(
should
)
be
put
off.
　
It
was
ordered
that
we
(
should
)
arrive
there
in
two
hours.
3.It
is
a
pity
(
a
shame
/an
honour/a
good
thing/a
fact,/a
surprise/...
)
that
...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should
+
动词原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It
is
a
pity
that
such
a
thing
(
should
)
happen
in
your
class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
　
It
is
a
pity
that
he
is
ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
4.
It
happens
(seems，
looks，
appears
)
that...
该句型中it是形式主语，that
引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen
，
seem等词是不及物动词。
It
happened
(
so
happened
)
that
he
met
his
teacher
in
the
street.
碰巧……
It
seems
that
he
enjoys
pop
songs
very
much.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：
He
happened
to
meet
his
teacher
in
the
street.
He
seems
to
enjoy
pop
songs
very
much.
5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语
（1）It
is
known（not
decided，not
made
clear，found
out，discussed，being
discussed，being
considered，a
question，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It
is
still
a
question
when
we
shall
have
our
sports
meet.
我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It
is
uncertain
whether
he
can
attend
this
conference
or
not.
他能否来开会还不能确定。
（2）It
doesn’t
matter（It’s
no
wonder；It
doesn’t
make
too
much
difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It
doesn’t
matter
whether
we
go
together
or
separately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。
It
is
no
wonder
why
he
came
here
too
late.他为什么来这么晚不足为怪
(二)作形式主语替代不定式。常见的句型有：　　
1.
①.
It
is
kind
(
of
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由
of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。
常见的有：
bad,
brave
,
careless,
clever,
cruel,
foolish,
good
（好心的）,
honest
,
horrible,
kind
,
lazy,
modest,
naughty,
nice（有教养的）,
polite，
rude,
silly,
stupid
,
wise,
wrong（错误的）等。
这个句型可以改写为：sb.
is
kind
to
do
sth.
。　
It
is
kind
of
you
to
say
so.
=
You
are
kind
to
say
so.
②It
is
necessary
(
for
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。
常见的形容词有：①
important，
necessary，
natural
②
easy，
safe，
common，
normal，
hard，
difficult，
dangerous，
unusual，
rare，
impossible，
pleasant等。
=在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，
如：
It
is
important
for
her
to
come
to
the
party.
=
It
is
important
that
she
(should
)
come
to
the
party.
2.It
takes
sb.
...
to
do
sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。
It
took
thousands
of
people
many
years
to
build
the
Great
Wall.
(三)
作形式主语替代ing形式
It
is
no
good
/
no
use/useless
doing
sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。
It
is
no
good
learning
English
without
speaking
English.
It’s
useless
trying
to
argue
with
Shylock.
考向四
作形式宾语，代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。
1.?We
think
it
important
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
该句型中的it
作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为＂6123结构＂。
6指主句中常用的动词：think,
believe,
make,
find,
consider,
feel；
1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。
We
think
it
our
duty
to
clean
our
classroom
every
day.
　
They
found
it
difficult
that
they
would
finish
their
work
in
two
days.
The
professor
thinks
it
no
good
reading
without
understanding.
The
Internet
makes
it
easier
for
companies
to
keep
in
touch
with
customers.
1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
___so__
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
___62___
(get)there.
【答案】to
get
【解析】句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It
takes
time
to
do
sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how
long
对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to
get。
【名师点睛】此题看似考查非谓语动词，实际也是考查it作形式主语。
2.Susan
made______
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
it
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
3.
As
the
busiest
woman
in
Norton,
she
made_________
her
duty
to
look
after
all
the
other
people’s
affairs
in
that
town.
A.
this????????????
?
B.
that??????
????
C.one??????
??????
D.it
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式宾语,
to
look
after
all
the
other
people’s
affairs
in
that
town作真正的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时,
需移置宾语补语之后,
在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语,
构成
＂make
+
it
+
形容词或名词+不定式短语＂结构,
从而使句子保持平衡。
2.
在like,
dislike,
hate,
love,
take,
appreciate,
depend
on,
see
to(处理)，insist
on，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊概念，指代后面所叙述的内容。
You
may
depend
on
it
that
I
shall
always
support
you.
I
hate
it
when
people
laugh
at
the
disabled.
I
will
appreciate
it
if
you
can
help
me
with
my
English.
1.I’d
appreciate
________
if
you
could
let
me
know
in
advance
whether
or
not
you
will
come.
A.
it
B.
you
C.
one
D.
this
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。故选A。
2.How
would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
A.
them
B.
one
C.
those
D.
it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you
would
like______分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
考向五it的重要句型
1.强调句
①
It
is/was?
+
被强调部分
+
that/who
...
该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It
was
about
600
years
ago
that
the
first
clock
with
a
face
and
an
hour
hand
was
made.
It
was
they
that
(who
)
cleaned
the
classroom
yesterday.
It
was
in
the
street
that
I
met
her
father.
It
was
yesterday
that
I
met
her
in
the
street.
It
is
you
that
/who
are
wrong.
I
think
it
was
Jack
said
this.(其中省略了who
或that)
What
is
it
you
want
me
to
do?(it
后省略了that)
It
is
not
until
+
被强调部分
+
that
...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到……才……＂，可以说是
not
...
until
...
的强调形式。
It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realized
she
was
a
famous
film
star.
=
Not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
did
I
realize
she
was
a
famous
film
star.
=
I
didn’t
realize
she
was
a
famous
film
star
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses.
强调句型的两种变形形式：
一般疑问句形式：Is/?Was?it?…?that…??
特殊疑问句形式：Who/?Whom?/When/?When?等?+?is/?was?it?that?…?
1)Was?it?in?1979?______?the?American?astronaut?succeeded?______?landing?on?the?moon???
A.?when;?on?????B.?that;?on????C.?when;?in????D.?that;?in????(Key:?D)
2）Was?______?that?I?saw?last?night?at?the?concert???
A.?it?you????B.?not?you??????C.?you??????D.?that?yourself????(Key:?A)
3）Who?was?it?that?you?met?in?the?street?yesterday??昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？
Where?was?it?that?you?met?Jack?yesterday??你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？
I
don’t
mind
her
criticizing
me,
but
is
how
she
does
it
that
I
object
to.?
A.
it
B.
that
C.
this
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】It
is+被强调部分+that+其他,
强调句可去掉it
is与that还原句子。本句相当于...,
but
I
object
to
how
she
does
it。被强调部分是宾语从句,
因此,
用it引导该句式。
2.It
＋be的适当形式＋时间＋
when-clause
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will
be，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。常译为＂当……的时候，是……＂例如：
It
was
already
8o’clock
when
we
got
home.
It
will
be
midnight
when
they
get
there.
It?was?five?o’clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the?top?of?the?mountain.
It?was?at?five?o’clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the?top?of?the?mountain.
A.
since????B.
when?????C.
that????D.
until??
3.It
＋is/has
been＋一段时间＋
since-clause
这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为＂自从……以来已多久了＂since
从句后用一般过去时，例如：
It
is／has
been
three
years
since
his
father
passed
away.他父亲去逝已经有三年了。
It
is/has
been
fifteen
years
since
she
left
Shanghai.她离开上海已经15年了
4.
①It
is
time
(
about
time
，high
time
)
that
...
该句型中that
后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时态表示虚拟.
It
is
time
that
children
went
to
bed.
It
is
time
you
bought
a
new
car.
It
is
(high
)
time
you
made
up
your
mind.
②It
is
the
first
(
second
...
)
time
that
...
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的
that
从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中
that
可以省去；it有时用
this
替换.常译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。
It
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
here.
=
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
here.
It
was
the
fifth
time（that）I
had
paid
a
friendly
visit
to
Africa.
5.It
＋be的适当形式＋一段时间＋before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long，years，months，weeks，days
，
hours，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为＂过多长时间才……＂。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为＂没过多长时间就……＂。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时
will
be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will
be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例如：
It
was
not
long
before
she
learned
those
poems
by
heart
.她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It
was
long
before
the
police
arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It
will
be
hours
before
he
makes
a
decision.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It
will
not
be
hours
before
we
meet
again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
6.
It
looks
(
seems
)
as
if
...
该句型中it无意义，
as
if
引导一个状语从句。常译为＂看起来好象……＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It
looks
as
if
he
is
ill.（真的病了）　
It
looks
as
if
he
were
ill.
（没有生病）
It
seemed
as
if
he
were
dying.
题组一
基础过关
I．单项填空
1.Young
people
should
be
independent,
and
don't
take
_________for
granted
that
you
can
depend
on
your
parents
when
in
trouble.
A.one
B.it
C.
this
D.
that
2.He
didn't
make
_________clear
when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held.
A.
this
B.it
C.
that
D.one
3.They
dislike
_________when
people
do
not
look
at
the
name
cards,
so
remember
not
to
just
put
them
in
your
pocket
without
looking.
A.
that
B.
them
C.it
D.
you
4.We
find
______easy
to
get
along
with
our
new
teachers
here.
A.
that
B.it
C.
this
D.不填
5.Almost
90%
of
the
most
popular
video
games
contain
violence,
and
much
of
______
is
extremely
violent.
A.
which
B.it
C.
them
D.
those
6.Almost
90%
of
the
most
popular
video
games
contain
violence,
and
much
of
______
is
extremely
violent.
A.
which
B.it
C.
them
D.
those
7.The
pop
singer
is
talented
and
elegant.
____
is
no
surprise
that
she
has
so
many
fans
around
the
world.
A.
It
B.
There
C.
That
D.
What
8.We
all
consider
_________significant
that
we
should
cancel
the
order
immediately.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
this
D.it
9.
_________is
required
that
every
employee
here
be
able
to
use
a
computer
and
speak
good
English.
A.
Which
B.
What
C.As
D.
It
10.—The
weather
turns
out
to
be
fine.
—
We
can
depend
on
_________
that
the
goods
will
be
shipped
to
the
flooded
area
on
time.
A.it
B./
C.
this
D.
which
题组二
能力提升
语法填空
（2020·江西景德镇一中高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
number
of
chinstrap
penguins
in
some
colonies
in
western
Antarctica
1．
(fall)
by
as
much
as
77
percent
since
they
were
last
surveyed
in
the
1970s,
say
scientists
studying
the
impact
of
climate
change
on
the
remote
region.
The
chinstrap
penguin,
2．
(name)
after
the
narrow
black
band
under
its
head,
inhabits
the
islands
and
shores
of
Antarctic
oceans
and
feeds
on
krill(
磷虾).
It
is
the
dramatic
declines
23．
catch
the
attention
worldwide.
A
study,
published
by
the
United
Nations
meteorological
agency,
states
that
heat-trapping
greenhouse
gases—carbon
dioxide,
methane,
and
nitrous
oxide
-
have
reached
an
unprecedented
level
in
the
atmosphere,
4．
contributes
to
global
warming.
Researchers
discovered
that
between
1979
and
1990,
Antarctica
shed
5．
average
of
40
billion
tons
of
ice
mass
annually.
Climate
changes
are
turning
into
a
severe
situation,
6．
(impact)
marine
and
land
ecosystems.
China,
as
a
big
country,
plays
an
important
role
in
environmental
protection.
It
aims
not
only
to
get
rid
of
the
environmental
challenges
domestically
but
also
to
help
other
parts
of
the
world
achieve
7．
(they)
climate
goals.
Investment
in
China
on
renewable
energy
accounts
8．
45%
of
total
global
investment.
Since
2014,
China
has
invested
9．
(heavy)
in
the
wind
and
solar
PV
projects
in
the
regions
along
the
Belt
and
Road.
Faced
with
this
situation,
every
country
should
raise
the
10．
(aware)of
environmental
protection.
(2)（2020·湖南高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When
we
talk
about
1．(learn)
a
foreign
language,
we
often
talk
about
different
methods.
Of
course,
methods
are
important,
but
I
think
they’re
not
as
important
2．
one
thing:
motivation(动机).
Why
3．you
need
to
have
a
motivation
to
learn
a
foreign
language?
Simply
because
it
isn’t
4．
easy
task.
It
will
take
several
years
to
become
fluent,
and
several
years
more
to
5．
(complete)
master
it.
This
isn’t
something
you
just
do；you
need
to
have
a
dream,
a
goal
6．(work)
towards.
So
ask
7．(you):
Why
do
I
want
to
learn
this
language?
Am
I
sure
I
8．(want)
to
learn
this
language
three
years
from
now?
Am
I
happy
with
my
9．
(decide)?
If
your
answers
to
those
questions
are
“yes”,
you’re
probably
motivated
to
go
on
and
learn
that
language
you
want
to
learn.
It
isn’t
that
motivation
is
all
that
10．(matter)
,
but
I
do
think
that
it
makes
up
about
80%
of
your
progress
in
your
target
language.
Good
luck
and
happy
learning!
II．短文改错
（2020·甘肃高三二模）
Dear
Mike,
How
is
it
going?
I
am
flying
to
your
country
to
attend
the
Culture
Trip
to
America
in
next
week.
I
feel
exciting
because
my
dream
of
visiting
America
will
come
true.
Through
the
trip,
I
hope
to
open
my
eyes
and
learning
more
about
the
customs
and
history
of
your
country.
Besides,
it
is
the
good
chance
to
practise
my
English.
Therefore,
one
thing
I'm
concerned
about
is
because
I
may
have
difficulty
communicating
with
local
people.
After
all,
there
have
many
cultural
differences
between
China
or
America,
I'd
appreciate
if
you
could
give
me
some
proper
advises.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
Yours,
Li
Hua
1.B
【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take
it
for
granted
that…是固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。
?2.B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held，故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查代词。因“主语+
dislike
（或like
,prefer,
appreciate,
hate.
Love…）+
it
+
when/if从句”是固定句型，
it
在句中无实义。本句的意思是“当人们不看名片的时候他们不喜欢，所以记住不要不看就把他们放进你的口袋里。”故选C。
4.B
【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意：我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语为后面的不定式结构to
get
along
with
our
new
teachers
here。故选B。?
5.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。
6.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：几乎90%的流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，很多是非常暴力的。用much说明of后面的代词指代不可数名词violence，用it代替，which引导非限制性定语从句，这句话有and，不是定语从句，them和those指代复数名词。故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：这个流行歌手非常有才，非常优雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一点也不令人惊奇。it是形式主语，代指真正的主语从句“that
she
has
so
many
fans
around
the
world”。
8.D
【解析】句意：我们认为立刻取消这个订单是十分重要的。题干属于"consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构，此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
9.D
【解析】句意：这里的每位员工都被要求能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干属于"It
is+过去分词+that…"句型，故用It，
It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
10.A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——天气放晴了。
——我们可以相信货物将按时运往灾区。根据语境可知，此处缺少depend
on的形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故选A。
题组二
能力提升
语法填空
(1)【答案】
1．has
fallen
2．named
3．that
4．which
5．an
6．impacting
7．their
8．For
9．heavily
10．awareness
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最后一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。
1．考查现在完成时态和主谓一致。句意：研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最后一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。此处since“自从……以来”引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态，且主语是The
number
of“……的数量”作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，故填has
fallen。
2．考查过去分词。句意：帽带企鹅，以其头部下方狭窄的黑色带命名，栖息在南极海洋的岛屿和海岸，以磷虾为食。此处penguin和name之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
3．考查强调句型。句意：引人注目的下降引起了全世界的注意。此处是强调句型，it
is+强调部分+that……，故填that。
4．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一项由联合国气象机构发布的研究表明，温室气体——二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮——在大气中已经达到了前所未有的水平，这导致了全球变暖。前面整个句子作先行词，从句中作主语，故用which引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5．考查不定冠词an。句意：研究人员发现，从1979年到1990年，南极洲每年平均脱落400亿吨冰。固定用法：an
average
of“平均是……”。其中average是以元音因素开头的词，故填an。
6．考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。此处Climate
changes和impact之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，故填impacting。
7．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的目的不仅是消除国内的环境挑战，而且是帮助世界其他地区实现他们的气候目标。此处climate
goals是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。
8．考查固定词组。句意：中国可再生能源投资占全球总投资的45%。固定词组：account
for“占……比例”。故填for。
9．考查副词。句意：2014年以来，中国在“一带一路”沿线地区大力投资风能和太阳能光伏项目。此处invested是动词，由副词修饰。故填heavily。
10．考查名词。句意：面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。分析句子结构the
___10___
of此处用名词作宾语，所给词aware是形容词，其名词是awareness。故填awareness。
(2)【答案】
1．learning
2．as
3．do
4．an
5．completely
6．to
work
7．yourself
8．will
want
9．decision
10．matters
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述学习一门语言是不容易的，需要好的方法。作者认为更重要的是动机，并分析了原因。
1．考查动名词。about是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填learning。
2．考查固定句型。句意：当然，方法是重要的，但是我认为它们不如一件事重要：动机。not
as…as…“不如……”是固定句型，故填as。
3．考查助动词。本句是特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词后接助动词；且文章主时态是一般现在时，need后接不定式，故need是实义动词，故用助动词do的形式，主语是you，故填do。
4．考查冠词。句意：只是因为它不是一项容易的任务。task是可数名词，根据句意“泛指一项容易的任务”，且easy以元音因素开头，故填不定冠词an。
5．考查副词。修饰动词master，用副词作状语，故填completely。
6．考查非谓语动词。_6___(work)
towards作定语，修饰a
goal，常用不定式作定语修饰goal，故填to
work。
7．考查代词。句意：因此，问问你自己。祈使句主语是you，主语和宾语指代同一事物，宾语用反身代词，故填yourself。
8．考查一般将来时。句意：我确定从现在起三年想要学习这门语言吗？根据时间状语three
years
from
now可知，表示将来要发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will
want。
9．考查名词。形容词性物主代词my修饰名词，名词作介词with的宾语，decide的名词形式是decision。故填decision
10．考查时态和主谓一致。that引导定语从句，修饰all，关系代词that从句中作主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，all是不定代词，表示单数意思，谓语动词用单数，根据语境句子用一般现在时，故填matters。
II．短文改错
【答案】1.去掉America后的in
2.exciting
→excited
3.learning
→learn
4.the
→a
5.Therefore
→However
6.because
→that
7.have
→are
8.or
→and
9.appreciate后加it
10.advises
→advice
【解析】本文是应用文。作者将飞往美国参加下周的美国文化之旅，这能帮助作者开阔眼界，多了解美国的风俗习惯和历史，也是一个练习英语的好机会。但因担心和当地人交流有困难，希望对方能给一些适当的建议。
1.考查介词。句意：我将飞往贵国参加下周的美国文化之旅。当next,
last,
this,
that,
every等限定词修饰时间状语时，前面一般不用任何介词。故去掉America后的in。
2.考查形容词。句意：我很兴奋，因为我参观美国的梦想将实现。-ed结尾的形容词作表语，用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语是人。-ing结尾的形容词作表语表示主语的性质和特征。此处应是前者，故exciting改为excited。
3.考查动词不定式。句意：我希望能开阔眼界，多了解贵国的风俗习惯和历史。open
my
eyes与learn
more
about
the
customs
and
history
of
your
country是并列不定式结构，learn前省略了to。故learning改为learn。
4.考查冠词。句意：这是一个练习英语的好机会。chance是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指一次机会，故the改为a。
5.考查副词。句意：然而，我担心的一件事是我和当地人交流有困难。前后两个分句之间表示转折关系而非因果关系，用副词however。故Therefore改为However。
6.考查名词性从句连接词。句意：然而，我担心的一件事是我和当地人交流有困难。表语从句
I
may
have
difficulty
communicating
with
local
people不缺少成分，用连词that引导。故because改为that。
7.考查固定句型。句意：中美之间有许多文化差异。There
be句型表示的是“某处有（存在）某人或某物”，其结构为There
be（is/are/was/were）+名词+地点状语；have表示“有”时不可与there连用。故have改为are。
8.考查固定短语。句意：中美之间有许多文化差异。between
…and“在……之间，在两者中间”，是固定搭配。故or改为and．
9.考查固定句型。句意：如果你能给我一些适当的建议，我将不胜感激。would
appreciate
it
if
…意为“如果……将不胜感激”，是固定句型，其中it是形式宾语。故appreciate后加it。
10.考查不可数名词。句意：如果你能给我一些适当的建议，我将不胜感激。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故advises改为advice。