2021届通用版高考英语新二轮复习专题考点归纳学案：考点42完形填空说明文 Word版含解析

考点42 完形填空说明文
高考频度：★★★★★
说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。
说明文类完形填空通常有以下命题特点：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 文体特点
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 条理清楚
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。
解答这类题目要遵循下列原则：
1. 明白说明对象
文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章要进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序，利用好标志语
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为＂语篇标志语＂。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the?　1　that drama evolved from ritual(宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings?　2　the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to?　3　these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to?　4　the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into?　5　rituals.
　6　stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were?　7　, but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the?　8　of theatre because music, dance, masks, and?　9　were almost always used. ?　10　, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and?　11　the entire community did not participate , a(n)?　12　division was usually made between the ＂area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits ＂. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was?　13　to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually?　14　that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the?　15　effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—?　16　an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from?　17　activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in?　18　. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. ?　19　through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are?　20　of animal movements and sounds.
1.A. background B. assumption C. evidence D. theory
2.A. viewed B. employed C. imagined D. dismissed
3.A. take B. possess C. guarantee D. control
4.A. start B. show C. bring D. continue
5.A. usual B. direct C. convincing D. fixed
6.A. Apparently B. Actually C. Eventually D. Naturally
7.A. spread B. abandoned C. followed D. celebrated
8.A. seed B. content C. myth D. history
9.A. costumes B. routines C. instructions D. performances
10.A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In addition
11.A. when B. although C. unless D. while
12.A. deep B. equal C. clear D. extra
13.A. attached B. related C. committed D. tied
14.A. put up B. took up C. took on D. put on
15.A. unexpected B. unpredicted C. prepared D. desired
16.A. whenever B. as C. whatever D. so
17.A. social B. political C. economic D. religious
18.A. accounts B. story-telling C. descriptions D. drama-writing
19.A. at that time B. at a time C. at first D. at once
20.A. imitations B. creatures C. presentations D. exhibitions
【文章大意】文章介绍了关于古希腊戏剧的起源。
1.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。background＂背景＂；assumption＂假定，假设＂；evidence＂证据＂；theory＂理论＂。句意：关于古希腊戏剧的开始有许多理论。其中一个最普遍为人接受的假设认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来。故选B。
2.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。view＂考虑，认为＂；employ＂雇佣＂；imagine＂想象＂；dismiss＂解散，解雇＂。句意：人类认为世界的自然力量，甚至季节性变化，是不可预测的，他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。故选A。
3.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。take＂拿，占＂；possess＂拥有＂；guarantee＂保证＂；control＂控制＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。
4.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start＂开始＂；show＂展示＂；bring＂带来＂；continue＂继续＂。句意：这些措施似乎带来了预期的效果，然后得到不断重复，直到它们变成了固定的仪式。故选C。
5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。usual＂通常，经常＂；direct＂径直的＂；convincing＂令人信服的，有说服力的＂；fixed＂固定的＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。
6.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。apparently＂明显的＂；actually＂事实上＂；eventually＂最后地＂；naturally＂自然地＂。句意：最后解释或掩盖神秘的仪式的故事出现了。故选C。
7.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。spread＂传播＂；abandon＂放弃＂；follow＂跟着＂；celebrate＂庆祝＂。句意：随着时间的流逝，一些仪式被抛弃，但这些故事，后来被称为神话，继续存在，并给艺术和戏剧提供了材料。故选B。
8.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。seed＂种子＂；content＂内容＂；myth＂神话，虚构的人＂；history＂历史＂。句意：那些认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人还认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为使用了音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装。故选A。
9.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。costume＂服装＂；routine＂程序，日常工作＂；instruction＂指令，命令＂；performance＂表现，表演＂。参看上一题解析。故选A。
10.D 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。as a result＂因此＂；in fact＂事实上＂；on the contrary＂相反＂；in addition＂另外＂。根据下文＂besides＂提示可知，此处表示递进。故选D。
11.A 【解析】考查连词。句意：此外，必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。如果不是所有人共同参与，在表演的舞台与观众就坐的地区之间有一个明显的分界线。when＂如果＂引导条件状语从句，例如How can I get a job when I can’t even read or write？如果我连读和写都不会，我怎么找到工作？符合语境。故选A。
12.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。deep＂深的＂；equal＂平等＂；clear＂清楚的＂；extra＂额外的＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。
13.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。be attached to＂附属于＂；be related to＂与……有联系＂；be committed to＂献身于，致力于＂；be tied to＂束缚于，捆绑于＂。句意：此外，还有演员，而且因为避免在仪式出错相当重要，宗教领袖通常承担那项任务。故选A。
14.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。put up＂张贴，举起＂；take up＂占据，从事＂；take on＂呈现，承担＂；put on＂穿上＂。参看上一题解析。故选C。
15.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unexpected＂意外的＂；unpredicted＂未预测到的＂；prepared＂准备好的＂；desired＂渴望的，想得到的＂。句意：戴着面具，穿着各种服装，他们经常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生灵，还用动作表演来表现出想要得到的效果——打猎或战斗的胜利，即将到来的雨，太阳的升起——就像演员做得一样。故选D。
16.B 【解析】考查连词。whenever＂无论什么时候＂；as＂像……一样＂；whatever＂无论什么＂；so＂因此＂。参看上一题解析。故选B。
17.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。social＂社会的，社会上的，交际的，社交的＂；political＂政治的＂；economic＂经济的＂；religious＂宗教的＂。根据上文提示可知，后来，这种戏剧性的表演与宗教活动分离了。故选D。
18.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。account＂账，账目，存款，记录＂；story-telling＂讲故事＂；description＂描述＂；drama-writing＂写戏剧＂。根据下一句话中＂tales about the hunt, war or other things are told＂提示可知，另一种理论认为，戏剧的起源来自人类对讲故事的兴趣。故选B。
19.C【解析】考查短语辨析。at that time＂在那时＂；at a time＂一次＂；at first＂首先，开始时，起初＂；at once＂立刻＂。根据本句中＂then＂提示可知，首先，讲述者通过动作和语言，然后…… 故选C。
20.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。imitation＂模仿＂；creature＂生物＂；presentation＂呈现，表现，展示＂；exhibition＂展览＂。句意：另一个与之紧密相关的理论认为戏剧追溯到那些主要是体操或是模仿动物动作和声音的舞蹈上。故选A。
题组一（高考真题）
Cloze 1 （2019·上海6月高考）
We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens 41 written communication today. Learning cursive(草书), joined-up handwriting was once 42 in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools 43 typing courses. And in the U. S., the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U. S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the 44 .
Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect 45 . Anne Trubek, author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, 46 you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to 47 .
“Once you have driven for a while, you don't 48 think. ‘Step on gas now’[or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. You just do it. That's what we want children to 49 when learning to write. You and I don't think now make a loop going up for the ‘1’---or 'now look for the letter 'r on the keyboard'. " Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, if ever. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at 50 ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as 51 takes up less of their education. This is a 52 that has attracted both criticism and support.
She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the
decline of handwriting is that not 53 it will result in a "loss of history" and a loss of personal touch" On the former she 54 that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway---" thars why we have paleographer," she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing--while the latter refers to the warm 55 we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank. you card. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.
41. A. abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs
42. A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant
43. A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to
44. A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority
45. A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure
46. A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming
47. A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating
48. A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously
49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate
50. A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier
51. A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding
52. A. trust B. look C. view D. smile
53. A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting
54. A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes
55. A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactions
Close 2（2019·上海1月高考真题）
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 1 periods.
The rise of “city breaks” --48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 2 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For 3 , the city no longer belongs to them.”
This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 4 outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to ease congestion.”
But it also 5 a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an 6 itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of 7 for prospective visitors ------ ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center ------ can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or 8 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 9 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”
Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 10 , “We should be asking how we get tourists to 11 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”
Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost...’.”
He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of ?40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) 12 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 13 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and 14 to less crowded parts of the city ------ all productive steps towards more 15 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
1．A．longer B．shorter C．wider D．clearer
2．A．environmental B．national C．economic D．geographic
3．A．locals B．tourists C．visitors D．cleaners
4．A．transports B．accommodation C．restaurants D．service
5．A．addresses B．paves C．proposes D．receives
6．A．separate B．individual C．alternative D．objective
7．A．reform B．guidance C．invitation D．support
8．A．convincing B．discouraging C．preventing D．resisting
9．A．pace B．escape C．withstand D．ease
10．A．culture B．knowledge C．entertainment D．ability
11．A．take over B．bring up C．come back D．lay off
12．A．distinction B．harmony C．association D．comparison
13．A．French B．Italian C．Spanish D．German
14．A．carry out B．give into C．spread out D．impact on
15．A．slight B．complex C．temporary D．sustainable
Cloze 3 (2019·全国卷III)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
题组二 （名校模拟）
Cloze 1（2020·上海杨浦·高三二模）
Developments in artificial intelligence, robotics and sensors (传感器) are making houses and apartments smarter than ever.
IT’S 6 A．M., and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It’s not a malfunction: the smart clock scanned your schedule and 1 because you’ve got that big presentation first thing in the morning. Your shower automatically turns on and warms to your preferred temperature. The electric car is 2 to go, charged by the solar panels. When you get home later, there’s a(n) 3 package waiting, delivered by drone. You open it to find cold medicine. It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected 4 of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.
That at least is the ideal version of the smart home that exists 10 years out. Swedish research firm Berg Insight says 63 million American homes will 5 as “smart” by 2022,with everything from Internet-connected light bulbs to cameras that let us spy on our pets from the office. But a decade from now, experts say, we’ll move from turning the lights on and off with our voices to total engagement in the Internet of Things (IoT). 6 advancements in artificial intelligence, the smartest homes will be able to truly learn about their owners, eventually foretelling their 7 . Developments in robotics will give us machines that offer a helping hand with cleaning, cooking and more. New sensors will be 8 watching our well-being. 9 to all of this will be the data that smart homes collect, analyze and act upon, helping to turn the houses of the future from a mere collection of devices and accessories into truly “smart” homes.
Of course, as our homes learn more about us, keeping them 10 will become all the more important. Every 11 that’s connected to the Internet is a potential target for hackers. Therefore, cybersecurity will become all the more vital.
A range of technological developments will drive smart-home technology well beyond what’s available on store shelves today. Innovations in artificial intelligence, 12 , stand to reverse almost everything in our lives, including our homes. You might already be using some kind of Al-powered voice-assistant device to get the latest news or weather forecast every morning. But in the smart home of the future, those AI platforms could serve as the brain for entire homes, learning about 13 and organizing and automating all of their various smart devices. IT company Crestron, for example, is working on software that 14 a person’s habits, like which music they want to hear in the morning or which lights they want to be on at a certain time of the day. Then, once it knows a user’s 15 automatically plays just the right playlists or dims the lights before bedtime.
1．A．attempted B．adjusted C．approved D．assisted
2．A．free B．likely C．ready D．eager
3．A．unexpected B．disconnected C．unsealed D．misplaced
4．A．symbols B．signals C．codes D．signs
5．A．serve B．qualify C．behave D．model
6．A．In spite of B．Instead of C．In addition to D．Thanks to
7．A．needs B．dangers C．instincts D．responses
8．A．deeply B．barely C．closely D．manually
9．A．Accessible B．Central C．Relative D．Objective
10．A．personal B．special C．specific D．secure
11．A．camera B．bulb C．device D．model
12．A．by contrast B．for example C．in turn D．at least
13．A．residents B．operators C．relatives D．consumers
14．A．transforms B．tracks C．treats D．trains
15．A．conditions B．features C．preferences D．characters
参考答案
Cloze 2(2020上海浦东高三二模)
Smaller, Greener, Better
During my 15 years as an administrator, I was a no﹣show at scientific conferences. Before that, my go﹣to conferences included Metals in Biology in Ventura, California. This past January, I went back to Ventura after a 15﹣year 1 . A lot of things struck me about how things have changed and how some things have stayed the same. One thing that is increasingly on people's minds is the future of scientific meetings.
What has stayed 2 is that a conference of that style, with 200 scientists from around the world, is a vital form for scientific exchange. The participants ranged from graduate students to the pioneers in the field of bioinorganic chemistry. It was interesting to see how far a lot of the science has come. Some fields still have great 3 : Even though we know much more about the structures, we still wonder how the O﹣O bond forms in photosystem II(光合体系II).
One thing that has started to change 4 is the increasing number of women and people of color among conference speakers and participants. We are 5 close to solving the equity(公平) problems in science or science meetings, but the change in the 6 and atmosphere of meetings overall after 15 years is encouraging. This trend should continue, and more members should have speaking roles to showcase their science, and maybe small meetings could also require that a few talks be given by postdocs and early career faculty.
When it comes to big meetings, the interchange among scientists 7 is still essential. But it's time for the scientific community to engage in frank talk about the 8 of meetings on the climate. Some conferences have been supporting digital poster sessions to 9 waste, but thousands of folks flying to these meetings is the real problem to focus on. It's time to think creatively about how to reduce the carbon footprint of meetings while 10 ﹣even improving﹣their value.
What if we broke the large meetings into smaller, concurrent(同时发生的) ones at 11 sites where people could gather, sharing the drive or taking the train? Despite the big draw of large meetings, unless you're in the front rows of the big ballrooms where these are held, you're watching the speaker on a screen from the back or even in an overflow room. But in a concurrent sites model, 12 conferences could be spread across different sites. This approach would lower the cost of 13 conferences and thereby potentially increase the number and diversity of attendees. A group of graduate students piling into a 14 is much more democratic than having to decide who gets to fly.
Scientific conferences are vital to scientists' collaboration. Continuing to improve them in terms of equity for both the participants and the climate is something we can't stop 15 to do. I volunteer to drive the first van.
1．A．pause B．persistence C．research D．administration
2．A．unbelievable B．unusual C．unreasonable D．unchanged
3．A．breakthroughs B．mysteries C．theories D．pioneers
4．A．to the contrary B．in the long run C．for the better D．beyond control
5．A．somewhat B．rather C．further D．nowhere
6．A．composition B．style C．interaction D．management
7．A．on the Internet B．on the surface C．in person D．in particular
8．A．importance B．focus C．findings D．impact
9．A．end up with B．cut down on C．give publicity to D．lay emphasis on
10．A．presenting B．documenting C．preserving D．processing
11．A．academic B．regional C．significant D．environmental
12．A．major B．interactive C．professional D．different
13．A．televising B．attending C．conducting D．hosting
14．A．ballroom B．playground C．van D．plane
15．A．neglecting B．proposing C．discouraging D．striving
Cloze 3（上海虹口上外附中二模）
Today’s cinema has improved a great deal in presentation. Gone are the golden days when eager crowds were packed on wooden benches in poor buildings, which seemed to be about to 1 in the next minute. Audience were staring, with great interest, at the funny and amusing movements of silent figures on the screen. It was only through the body movements and facial expressions that the character’s feelings could be 2 to the audience. However, film goers all the same turned a blind eye to the 3 cinema surroundings and seemed crazy about almost all the films. Box office hits were a normal thing and stories about movie stars took full 4 of the newspapers. They were 5 with almost all positive wordings compared with today’s pitiful stars who are all the time alert to such news as divorces or affairs.
Nowadays, it is quite easy to find a cinema that exceeds the hotel luxury. Cinemas are spacious, well-lit places where one can kill time in comfort. Small favors offered by modern cinemas such as the well-printed booklets, which are 6 available, the mouth-watering snacks on sale and even the gifts are all sending the implied message to the audience that the film to watch will provide the equivalent 7 . Audience, on the other hand, don’t always 8 the story. Before a film is released, the potential spectator is usually exposed to a(n) 9 of advertisements. Film trailers are seen everywhere and crew interviews are televised. And in tempting people to enter cinemas, second to none is 10 .People rely much no friends’ advice in choosing films.
Once the audience have settled on the chair, the cinema is learning from the theatre. The projectionists are to given the audience time to prepare themselves for the film. Talk first degrades to whisper then 11 altogether. Spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often in the 12 of music, to reveal title of the film. Every detail has been designed so thoughtfully that the spectator will never actually see the 13 screen, which will remind him all too sharply that what he is about to see is nothing but different shadows flashing on the white. However much the cinema tries to 14 theatre, it fully succeeds. Nothing can 15 the awe (敬畏) and sense of expectation felt by the audience as the curtain is slowly raised.
1．A．disappear B．collapse C．freeze D．rise
2．A．interpreted B．responded C．invented D．applied
3．A．special B．inferior C．standard D．loose
4．A．coverage B．use C．benefit D．responsibility
5．A．exposed B．reviewed C．overheard D．equipped
6．A．temporarily B．carefully C．readily D．traditionally
7．A．luxury B．expense C．convenience D．information
8．A．prove B．buy C．investigate D．convey
9．A．explosion B．promotion C．shift D．spread
10．A．walls of ears B．seeing is believing C．word of mouth D．grave of teeth
11．A．drives out B．wears out C．pays off D．dies away
12．A．company B．introduction C．benefit D．end
13．A．decorated B．distinct C．blank D．mechanical
14．A．imitate B．guide C．exploit D．replace
15．A．refer to B．compare with C．suffer from D．persist in
Cloze 4（2020上海虹口高三一模）
Amazon.com Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer 1 its third - party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website, Amazon.cn. 2 ,domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.
The decision marks an end to a long 3 by America’s e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to 4 in the face of competition from China’s faster - moving Internet giants.
Amazon has been in talks to 5 its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction（交易）, according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from 6 e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those 7 , nor would they say if they are continuing.
In a written statement, Amazon said it remained 8 to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services. Amazon China’s president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer - business team will report 9 to the company’s global team.
When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the 10 of Joyo.com, it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash - on - delivery as their to form of 11 . Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking for imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n) 12 player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.
Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche（细分的）cross - border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25% 13 and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.’s Tmall International
Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with 14 brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market research’s founder, said American e-commerce giants 15 obstacles in China because they didn’t offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.
1．A．assist B．expand C．operate D．tailor
2．A．As a result B．By contrast C．For example D．In addition
3．A．criticism B．negotiation C．struggle D．resolution
4．A．interact B．withdraw C．split D．survive
5．A．associate B．combine C．exchange D．supply
6．A．time - consuming B．long - suffering C．ever - lasting D．consumer - facing
7．A．talks B．businesses C．competitions D．instructions
8．A．related B．accustomed C．exposed D．committed
9．A．automatically B．directly C．regularly D．secretly
10．A．breakdown B．improvement C．purchase D．participation
11．A．refund B．payment C．sponsorship D．trade
12．A．complicated B．critical C．original D．insignificant
13．A．share B．budget C．volume D．maximum
14．A．foreign B．luxurious C．domestic D．fashionable
15．A．dealt with B．forgot about C．got through D．came across
Cloze 5（2020·上海黄浦·高三二模）
Retailers(零售商) closed more than 9,000stores?in 2019. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail 1 .” It is easy to chalk it up to the rise of e-commerce, which has thrived while physical stores struggle. But this can be 2 . Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but Internet shopping still represents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major 3 forces have had an even bigger impact on brick-and-mortar retail than the Internet has.
To begin with,we have changed 4 we shop - away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” stores,which is a greater problem for most physical stores.
Also, Rising income 5 has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that 6 them have suffered. It is estimates that since 1970, the share of the nation’s income earned by families in the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the 7 of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports 8 for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income 9 almost a third of their income after taxes. People in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. 10 , as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher saving rates overall.
Lastly, We have spent 11 less of income on things and more on services. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent, government statistics show. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t 12 in traditional retail stores. Economists debate theories of why we have 13 to services and away from goods but no one questions that it has happened. It means that over time, retailers selling 14 will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.
In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of 15 . It’s a lesson all retailers will have to learn someday.
1．A．business B．disaster C．investment D．strategy
2．A．advanced B．confirmed C．overstated D．undervalued
3．A．economic B．legal C．physical D．political
4．A．how B．what C．where D．why
5．A．distribution B．inequality C．level D．tax
6．A．aim at B．approve of C．compete with D．stem from
7．A．concentration B．influence C．security D．source
8．A．education B．employment C．housing D．spending
9．A．concealed B．donated C．earned D．saved
10．A．Instead B．However C．Moreover D．Therefore
11．A．cautiously B．intelligently C．proportionately D．prospectively
12．A．available B．insufficient C．popular D．uncommon
13．A．applied B．committed C．shifted D．tied
14．A．ideas B．patents C．services D．things
15．A．consumption B．habit C．income D．technology
Close 6（2020·上海青浦·高三二模）
Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions
Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily 16 are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl (沉下脸) when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect 17 that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.
Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said. 18 , people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real 19 .”
So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our 20 movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or 21 , said Martinez.
Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a 22 man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could 23 that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.
A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s 24 to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data 25 by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the 26 in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.
Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the 27 of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express 28 emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they 29 their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to 30 patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.
16．A．recognized B．interpreted C．noticed D．realized
17．A．emotions B．experiences C．incidents D．impacts
18．A．Therefore B．However C．Anyway D．Additionally
19．A．outlooks B．problems C．results D．mysteries
20．A．body B．brain C．facial D．gesture
21．A．disappointment B．unemotionality C．excitement D．shock
22．A．red-faced B．long-eyed C．round-shouldered D．short-haired
23．A．propose B．ensure C．indicate D．infer
24．A．failure B．capability C．fight D．initiative
25．A．dominated B．calculated C．concluded D．preserved
26．A．approach B．direction C．context D．contest
27．A．varieties B．differences C．resources D．origins
28．A．specific B．internal C．strong D．uncomfortable
29．A．pick B．categorize C．express D．expect
30．A．take out B．bring out C．carry out D．figure out
Close 7（2020·上海松江·高三二模）
An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to 31 speech to people who have lost the ability.
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms(算法) to study the brain 32 of four women as they spoke. The women, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder, already had electrodes attached to their brains to monitor disease attacks.
Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team 33 brain activity. The largest group of sentences 34 250 unique words. The team fed this brain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to 35 regularly occurring patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech. These patterns were then fed to a second network, which tried to turn them into words to 36 a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didn’t form part of the training data, 37 the researchers to test the system.Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity associated will be similar but not exactly the same. “Memorizing the brain activity of these sentences wouldn’t help, 38 the network instead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalize to this final example,” says Makin. Across the four women, the AI’s best performance was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it 39 for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others. For example, the AI was able to 40 that the word “Bear” was always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set of sentences, from brain activity alone.
The team tried transforming the brain signal data into 41 words at a time, rather than whole sentences, but this 42 the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together, and not just which brain activity 43 with which words,”says Makin.
This will make it hard to scale up the system to a/an 44 vocabulary because each new word increases the number of possible sentences, reducing 45 . Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively.
31．A．assigning B．conveying C．restoring D．introducing
32．A．systems B．signals C．signatures D．symbols
33．A．illuminated B．discovered C．measured D．stopped
34．A．consisted of B．adjusted to C．agreed with D．focused on
35．A．simplify B．identify C．intensify D．justify
36．A．understand B．form C．describe D．judge
37．A．allowing B．inspiring C．instructing D．advising
38．A．because B．so C．if D．but
39．A．quicker B．slower C．easier D．tougher
40．A．split B．reflect C．decode D．tear
41．A．individual B．common C．modified D．technical
42．A．increased B．decreased C．leveled D．degraded
43．A．furnished B．mixed C．associated D．armed
44．A．passive B．active C．limited D．expanded
45．A．tendency B．currency C．accuracy D．fluency
题组一（高考真题）
Cloze 1 （2019·上海6月高考）
[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的书写正在消亡，取而代之的是在键盘和屏幕上打字。
41. B[解题思路]根据空前的“We're told that writing is dying.”可知，人们认为手写字正在消亡。结合常识可知，在现代社会,在键盘和屏幕上打字是人们的主要书写方式，也就是说，在键盘和屏幕上打字“主导着”当今的书写方式。dominate .....中占主导地位”,故选B。
42. A[解题思路]根据本空后的“But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools...”可知，芬兰等国家的一些打字课程的学校已经放弃了学习连笔字的课程。But 表转折，说明前后文的内容相反。故此处应是指学习草书、连笔字曾经是学校的“必修"课。compulsory“ 必修的”，故选A。
43. C [解题思路]根据上文内容可知,手写字正在消亡，而在键盘和屏幕上打字则是主要书写方式。结合空前的“Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools" 可知，芬兰等国家的一些打字课程的学校已经放弃了学习连笔字的课程，由此可知，这是“支持”打字课程的学校。in favour of"支持、赞成" ,故选C。
44. D [解题思路]本句中的“A few U.S. states still place value on formative cursive education"指出美国仍有少数几个州重视形成性草书教育。再结合空前的“but"可知，此处是进行了转折，表明but连接的两个分句意思相反。由此可知，此处应是指但它们并不是“大多数”。majority" 大多数”,故选D。
45. B[解题思路]根据下文的“such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking... ”可知，书写课程可以强化一种叫做“自动性”的技能，即:你几乎不需要思考就能完成.项任务。由此可知，此处应是指书写课程有间接的“好处”。benefit" 好处, 故选B。
46. A[解题思路]根据空前的“That's when you've perfected atask，and can do it almost without thinking"可知，拥有了“自动性”技能以后，你几乎不需要思考就能完成一项任务。正因为不用思考所以才有了额外的思维空间来思考或做其他事情。故此处应是指“允许"你有额外的思维空间来思考或做其他事情。grant"许可，允许”，故选A。第三段中的“granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure”对此处也有暗示。暗示。
47. B [解题思路)根据下文中“Once you have driven for a while, you don't 48think 'Step on gas now' [ or]‘ Turn the steering wheel a bit..“所举的开车这个例子可知，此处是将手写比作开车。故选B。
48. D [解题思路]根据上文内容可知，Trubek 将手写比作开车。手写可以强化一种叫做“ 自动性”的技能:几乎不用思考就能完成一项任务。由此可推断出,此处应是指在开车的时候，你不会有意识地去想“现在踩油门”或“稍微转动一下方向盘”。consciously"有意识地"，故选D。
49. C[解题思路]根据空前的“You just do it.”以及空后的“You and I don't think ‘now make a loop going up for the 'l''- - or‘now look for the letter 'r' on the keyboard.”可知，此处应是指这就是我们想让孩子们在学习书写时“学到”的东西: 一气呵成，不用多想。acquire“学到，获得”，故选C。
50. D[解题思路]根据本句开头的“she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than wit handwriting”可知，与手写相比，学生通过键盘(打字)学习”自动性"技能要快得多。由此可知，学生会在 “更早的"年龄就开始学习如何在不看键盘的情况下打字。故选D。
51.A[解题思路]根据前文中的“the improved automaticity of keyboards"可知，此处是说，由于键盘的“自动性"的技能提高了，如今的孩子很可能会成为更好的文字交流者，因为“手写”占据了学生更少的学习时间。故选A。
52. C [解题思路)根据前句中的“Tubek argued that"可知,"This"指的是Tnubek 的“观点”，这个观点既受到批评，也得到支持。故选C。
53. D [解题思路I根据空前后的“the decline of handwriting'及“result in a 'loss of history' and a↓loss of personal touch'"可知，手写衰落了，如果不它，它将导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格的丧失”。由此可推断出，此处应是指如果不"保护"它的话。故选D。
54. B[解题思路]第三段最后一-句"This is a 52 that has attracted both criticism and support.”提到她的观点既有人批评，也有人支持。第四段中的“she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not 53 it will result in a‘loss of history' and a ‘loss of personal touch'"提到反对者认为不保护手写会导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格丧失”。本空前的“On the former指的是上文提到的“loss of history"这个观点。故此处应是Trubek对“历史的丢失”的观点的反驳。commit"承诺”;counter"反驳”complete"完成”; compose" 组成”，故选B。
55. A [解题思路]"the letter与上文中的“On the former" 相对应，指的是第四段最后一句中的“loss of personal touch" ，即:个人风格的丧失，结合空后的“we give 10 handwritten personal notes, such as thank you cards” 并结合常识可知，和用键盘敲击的文字相比，手写的卡片等物品会给人以温暖的感觉。所以，此处是说,后者(个人风格的丧失)指的是我们对个人笔记，如感谢卡所予以的温暖联想。association" 联想"。故选A。
Close 2（2019·上海1月高考真题）

1．B 2．D3．A4．B5．C6．C7．B8．B9．D10．A
11．C12．D13．A14．C15．D
【解析】本文属于说明文，旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A. longer 更长的；B. shorter 更短的；C. wider更宽的；D. clearer更干净的。根据本句人们旅游更频繁，呆的时间越来越短，故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市假期的兴起，48小时快速了解外国文化的兴起，金钱和年假更匹配，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A. environmental环境的；B. national国家的；C. economic经济的； D. geographic地理的。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游兴起带来的问题，故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A. locals当地人；B. tourists游客；C. visitors参观者；D. cleaners清洁工。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游对当地的冲击，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Font说到，这需要从市场广告做起，阿姆斯特丹就在其旅游官网上建议游客到郊区寻找食宿地方。A. transports交通；B. accommodation食宿；C. restaurants餐厅；D. service服务。根据文章可知，本文提供了一些解决办法，故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. addresses做演讲，处理；B. paves铺路；C. proposes建议；D. receives收到。根据本句可知，还有另外一种方式来解决这个问题，故选C。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. separate分开的；B. individual个人的；C. alternative可替代性的；D. objective客观的。根据本句off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. reform改革；B. guidance指导；C. invitation邀请；D. support支持。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. convincing说服；B. discouraging打消积极性；C. preventing阻止；D. resisting抵抗。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，故选B
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定的压力。A. pace踱步走；B. escape逃跑；C. withstand抵抗；D. ease缓解。根据后文If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. culture 文化；B. knowledge知识；C. entertainment娱乐；D. ability能力。根据后文If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. take over接管；B. bring up抚养；C. come back回来；D. lay off解雇。根据文章可知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他引用了巴塞罗那旅游局未公布的数据，由于比法国游客平均每天多花40欧元，把日本游客放在更优先的地方，但是没有考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A. distinction区分；B. harmony和谐；C. association联系；D. comparison对比。根据本句可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. French 法国人；B. Italian意大利人；C. Spanish西班牙人；D. German德国人。根据文章可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. carry out实施；B. give into让步； C. spread out扩散；D. impact on影响。根据文章可知，法国人更有可能去人少的地方，故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的这些措施都是可持续的措施，更少的影响当地的居民。A. slight轻微的；B. complex复杂的；C. temporary临时的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据文章可知，本文主要探讨旅游业减少对当地居民的影响，故选D。
Cloze3
【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41.C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49.B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
题组二
Cloze 1（2020·上海杨浦·高三二模）
1．B2．C3．A4．D5．B6．D7．A8．C9．B10．D
11．C12．B13．A14．B15．C
【解析】本文为说明文。人工智能、机器人技术和传感器的发展使房屋和公寓比以往更加智能，这些软件能自动追踪居民的习惯，了解我们的喜好，更好地为居民服务。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程安排并进行了调整，因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。A. attempted尝试；B. adjusted调整，调节；C. approved批准；D. assisted协助。根据上下文“the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It’s not a malfunction: t the smart clock scanned your schedule ”“because you’ve got that big presentation first thing in the morning.”闹钟响得比平时早。这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程。因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。可知，闹钟根据你的日程进行了调整（adjust），故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的淋浴会自动打开并加热到你喜欢的温度。电动汽车很可能会开走，由太阳能电池板充电。A. free免费的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. eager渴望。根据前面的内容这些都是设想，一种可能性（likely），故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你晚些时候回到家，会有一个意想不到的包裹等待着，它由无人机送来。A. unexpected意外的；B. disconnected断开的；C. unsealed未密封的；D. misplaced错位的。根据后面的“It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected ___4___ of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.”此处是说：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。由此可知，这是个意想不到的（unexpected）包裹，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。A. symbols象征；B. signals信号；C. codes密码；D. signs符号。根据“an approaching illness(即将来临的疾病)”，可知，此处是指有这样的迹象（signs），故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞典研究公司Berg Insight表示，到2022年，将有6300万美国家庭符合“智能”标准。A. serve服务；B. qualify使合格；C. behave表现；D. model做模特。“qualify...as...”为固定搭配，意为“符合……”，故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. In spite of尽管；B. Instead of而不是；C. In addition to除……之外，此外；D. Thanks to幸亏，多亏了。根据语境可知，此处是指“多亏(thanks to)”了人工智能的进步，才能真正了解人们，故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. needs需要；B. dangers危险；C. instincts本能；D. responses反应。从下文的内容可知，人工智能的发展，能更好地了解人们的需要（needs），故选A。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：新的传感器将密切关注我们的福祉。A. deeply深深地；B. barely勉强地；C. closely密切地；D. manually手动地。根据第二段的内容，新的传感器能感觉你可能会感冒。结合本段最后部分可知，这些人工智能对于我们是密切（closely）关注的，故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这一切的核心将是智能家居收集、分析和行动的数据。A. Accessible可到达的，可接近的；B. Central中心的；C. Relative相对的；D. Objective客观的。根据语境可知，此处是指人工智能收集分析等这一切都是人工智能的核心部分，故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，随着我们的家庭越来越了解我们，保护他们的安全将变得更加重要。A. personal个人的；B. special特殊的；C. specific精细的；D. secure安全的。根据下句“每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。”可知，要保护这些设备的安全（secure），故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。A. camera摄像机；B. bulb灯泡；C. device设备，仪器；D. model型号，模特。本文主要叙述10年以后人工智能设备（device），故选C。
12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一例如，人工智能的创新将会颠覆我们生活中的几乎一切，包括我们的家。A. by contrast相比之下；B. for example例如；C. in turn依次；D. at least至少。根据上下文的内容可知，上文说一系列的技术发展将推动智能家居技术的发展，这些是目前商店货架上的没有的产品。接着下面举例说明这种变化。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在未来的智能家居中，这些AI平台能充当整个家庭的大脑，了解居民，组织和让他们所有的智能家居设备自动化。A. residents居民；B. operators经营者；C. relatives亲属；D. consumers消费者。本段主要叙述未来的新科技给家居，即居民带来的好处，因此本小题要选resident(居民)，故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，IT公司Crestron正在开发一款软件，可以追踪人们的习惯，比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯。A. transforms改造；B. tracks跟踪，追踪；C. treats款待；D. trains火车。根据后面的“比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯”可知，此种软件是追踪（tracks）人们的习惯，故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一旦它知道用户的爱好会自动播放正确的播放列表或在睡前调暗灯光。A. conditions条件；B. features特色；C. preferences偏爱；D. characters特点。根据上句可知，这些软件追踪人们的习惯，如知道居民早上喜欢听哪首音乐，目的就是根据人们的爱好（preferences）来播放音乐。故选C。
Cloze 2(2020上海浦东高三二模)
1．A2．D3．B4．C5．D6．B7．C8．D9．B
10．C11．A12．D13．B14．C15．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者对于大型科学会议的看法，作者建议注重会议的环保，减少碳足迹，并提出了一些建议。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年1月，在停顿了15年后，我回到了文图拉。A. pause暂停；B. persistence 坚持；C. research 研究；D. administration管理。根据上文I was a no-show at scientific conferences.可知作者暂停了15年出席科学会议。故选A。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保持不变的是，由来自世界各地的200名科学家参加的这种形式的会议是科学交流的重要形式。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. unusual 不寻常的；C. unreasonable 不合理的；D. unchanged 不变的。根据上文中A lot of things struck me about how things have changed and how some things have stayed the same. 可知是没有改变的。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些领域仍然有很大的谜团：尽管我们对其结构有了更多的了解，但我们仍然想知道在光合体系II中O﹣O键是如何形成的。A. breakthroughs突破；B. mysteries谜团；C. theories 理论；D. pioneers 先驱者。根据下文we still wonder how the O-O bond forms in photosystem II可知是指某些领域中仍然存在的谜题。故选B。
4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：有一件事已经开始好转，那就是在会议发言人和与会者中，妇女和有色人种的人数越来越多。A. to the contrary相反；B. in the long run 从长远来看；C. for the better 为了更好；D. beyond control 无法控制。根据下文the increasing number of women and people of color 可知会议发言人和与会者中，妇女和有色人种的人数越来越多，这表明事情在向好的方向改变。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离解决科学或科学会议的公平问题还差得远，但15年后会议的风格和气氛总体上的变化是令人鼓舞的。A. somewhat有点；B. rather 而是；C. further 进一步；D. nowhere 任何地方都不，毫无结果。根据后文close to solving the equity problems in science or science meetings可知作者认为人们离解决科学或科学会议的公平问题还差得远，应用nowhere。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们离解决科学或科学会议的公平问题还差得远，但15年后会议的风格和气氛总体上的变化是令人鼓舞的。A. composition成分；B. style风格；C. interaction 相互作用；D. management 管理。根据后文and atmosphere of meetings可知是指会议的风格和氛围。故选B。
7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在大型会议上，科学家之间面对面的交流尤其重要。A. on the Internet在互联网上；B. on the surface 表面上看；C. in person 当面；D. in particular 尤其是。结合后文the scientific community to engage in frank talk可知科学家在大型会议上面对面的交流仍然非常重要。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但现在是科学界坦率讨论会议对气候影响的时候了。A. importance重要性；B. focus专注；C. findings 调查结果；D. impact 影响；根据下文It's time to think creatively about how to reduce the carbon footprint of meetings 可知是坦率讨论会议对气候的影响。故选D。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些会议一直在支持数字海报会议，以减少浪费，但成千上万的人坐飞机飞到这些会议上才是真正需要关注的问题。A. end up with以……结束；B. cut down on 削减；切断；C. give publicity to 宣传；D. lay emphasis on 强调。根据后文宾语waste可知是支持减少浪费，故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在是时候创造性地思考如何减少会议的碳足迹，同时保留甚至提高会议的价值。A. presenting展示；B. documenting 记录；C. preserving 保存；D. processing 加工。根据后文even improving-their value以及上下文语境可知，在减少碳足迹的同时，要保留科学会议的价值。故选C。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们把大型会议分成更小的，同时在学术地点举行会议，让人们可以聚集在一起呢？A. academic学术的；B. regional 区域的；C. significant 重要的；D. environmental 环境的。根据上文内容可知文章主要讨论的是科学会议召开的问题，结合常识科学会议应当是在学术地点召开。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在并发站点模型中，不同的会议可以分布在不同的地点。A. major主要的；B. interactive 交互的；C. professional 专业的；D. different 不同的。根据下文conferences could be spread across different sites可知是不同的会议可以分布在不同的地点。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种方法将降低出席会议的费用，从而有可能增加与会者的数量和多样性。A. televising电视播送；B. attending 出席；C. conducting 指挥；D. hosting 举办。上文提到在并发站点模型中召开会议，这样是为了减少人们出席会议的费用。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一群研究生挤进面包车，比决定谁能坐飞机参加会议更民主。A. ballroom舞厅；B. playground 操场；C. van 货车；面包车；D. plane 飞机。根据下文I volunteer to drive the first van可知是面包车。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续改善会议在参与者公平和气候方面的问题，是我们不能停止奋斗的事情。A. neglecting忽视；B. proposing 提议；C. discouraging 沮丧；D. striving 奋斗。根据上文Scientific conferences are vital to scientists' collaboration.可知科学会议对科学家的合作至关重要，所以继续改进科学会议的召开是不能停止为之奋斗的事情。故选D。
Cloze 3（上海虹口上外附中二模）
1．B2．A3．B4．A5．B6．C7．A8．B9．A10．C11．D12．A13．C14．A15．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍观影的历史变迁。以前的电影院观影环境不好，但人们依然趋之若鹜。现在观影环境好了许多，电影院通过多种方式吸引观众。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去热切的观众地挤在仿佛下一分钟就要倒塌似的破旧建筑物里的木凳上（观看电影），这样的日子一去不复返。A. disappear消失；B. collapse 坍塌 崩溃；C. freeze 冷冻；D. rise 升起。根据本句的poor building可知在这样破旧的建筑物当然容易“坍塌了”。故选B。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：观众只能通过演员的动作和面部表情来理解角色的情感。A. interpreted 理解 演绎；B. responded 反应；C. invent