课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
good
thing
about
children
is
that
they
adapt
very
easily
to
new
environments.
2．Addicted(addict)
to
Chinese
culture,
he
decided
to
learn
Chinese
in
a
night
school.
3．When
shopping,
people
often
can't
resist
buying(buy)
something
they
don't
really
need.
4．She
has
been
on
a
diet
for
two
weeks
and
has
lost
five
pounds.
5．The
doctor
recommended
us
not
to
swim(swim)
after
eating
a
large
meal.6.You
can
come
here
to
fetch
the
book
at
your
convenience(convenient)．
7．He
took
the
book
belonging(belong)
to
Jack
by
mistake.
8．British
English
differs
obviously
from
American
English
in
pronunciation
and
spelling.
9．He
ended
up
operating(operate)
his
father's
company
after
graduating
from
college.
10．I
love
weekends,
because
I
needn't
get(get)
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I
have
always
been
hard?working
in
school.And
I
enjoyed
gaining
new
understanding
about
study.One
way
was
making
1
．
Math
has
always
been
my
favorite
subject.During
each
math
class，while
2
，I
waited
for
my
golden
opportunities
to
show
myself，which
were
3
．When
they
came，I
would
4
my
hand.Answering
them
5
made
me
feel
I
was
recognized
by
my
classmates
and
teacher.The
only
problem
was
that
I
wanted
to
be
perfect－to
be
right
every
time.
As
it
turned
out，living
up
to
this
standard
was
6
.In
one
class，I
stood
up
confidently
but
gave
a
7
answer.Even
though
I
knew
this
was
certainly
not
my
first
mistake
in
life，something
8
had
come
at
that
moment.I
thought
that
my
classmates
might
think
I
was
stupid.The
beautiful
castle
that
I
had
built
up
9
after
my
mistake.
In
the
following
classes，I
was
in
low
spirits
and
became
10
．Even
if
I
may
have
known
the
answer，I
was
unwilling
to
take
the
risk
of
damaging
my
self?confidence
any
more.Noticing
my
11
，my
math
teacher
talked
with
me
and
learned
my
problem.She
told
me
that
mistakes
are
an
important
part
of
learning
12
they
can
point
out
our
weaknesses
and
help
us
progress.I
should
set
up
the
principle
of
13
mistakes.
From
that
experience，I
realized
that
even
though
I
thought
I
was
right
about
most
things，I
was
wrong
in
my
14
．School
is
not
a
place
to
15
but
a
place
to
learn.What
I
now
know
is
that
by
holding
fast
to
humility
(谦虚)
and
learning
to
grow
from
my
mistakes，I
can
truly
learn
in
a
way
I
could
never
in
the
past.
【语篇解读】 语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境是学习。作者在数学课上的偶然一次犯错改变了他的学习观。
1．A.mistakes
B．rules
C．friends
D．promises
A [根据下文内容可知，此处是指犯错误。]
2．A.teaching
B．writing
C．reviewing
D．listening
D [根据空前During
each
math
class可知，此处是指“我”在课堂上听课。]
3．A.reports
B．questions
C．tasks
D．challenges
B [根据空后内容可知，此处是指问题。]
4．A.touch
B．shake
C．raise
D．wave
C [根据空后的Answering
them可知，此处是指举手回答问题。]
5．A.briefly
B．finally
C．carefully
D．correctly
D [根据空后的feel
I
was
recognized可知，此处是指回答正确。]
6．A.natural
B．impossible
C．unnecessary
D．informal
B [根据空后内容可知，此处是指要达到每次都正确的标准是不可能的。]
7．A.wrong
B．short
C．quick
D．right
A [根据第8空前的my
first
mistake可知，此处是“我”给了一个错误的答案。]
8．A.important
B．terrible
C．different
D．interesting
C [根据下文“我”的转变可知，此处是指在那刻不一样的事情发生了。]
9．A.broke
in
B．turned
up
C．set
off
D．fell
down
D [因为“我”的错误回答，所以“我”认为别的同学会觉得“我”是愚蠢的，心中建立的美丽城堡也在犯错后倒塌了。]
10．A.sad
B．silent
C．sensitive
D．optimistic
B [根据下文内容可知，从此“我”情绪低落，也不愿意再冒险回答问题。]
11．A.awkwardness
B．embarrassment
C．loneliness
D．abnormality
D [根据“我”的表现可知，此处是指反常。]
12．A.if
B．so
C．as
D．before
C [错误是学习的重要部分，因为错误可以帮助指出我们的缺点并帮助我们进步，此处是指原因。]
13．A.accepting
B．making
C．realizing
D．repeating
A [因为错误的这些作用，所以“我”应该在学习中接受自己所犯的错误。]
14．A.schedule
B．concern
C．hobby
D．attitude
D [“我”认识到自己在学习态度上存在问题。]
15．A.get
along
B．show
off
C．play
D．choose
B [根据上文“我”的表现以及第3空前的show
myself可知，“我”认识到了学校不是让你出风头的地方，而是学习的地方。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Dear
Toby，
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
letter.Your
trip
sounds
1.
(excite)！I
can't
wait
2.
(see)
what
Africa
is
like.Ever
since
my
last
letter
to
you，I
3.
(have)
an
interesting
experience
of
my
own.This
month，my
mother
and
I
took
4.
flight
to
Dunhuang.The
desert
there
was
really
amazing.I
found
5.
(I)
very
excited
because
this
was
the
first
time
I
6.
(see)
a
camel
so
close.We
had
hoped
that
we
would
see
some
other
wildlife
in
our
trip，but
7.
(sad)
we
didn't.
Since
you
are
going
to
the
Sahara，I
have
some
advice—be
sure
to
bring
a
large
hat
and
a
shirt
8.
long
sleeves—you
will
need
these
for
protection.The
sun
can
be
so
brilliant
9.
you
will
need
to
keep
covered
or
you
will
get
burnt(晒伤)．And
you'll
also
need
to
keep
plenty
of
water
with
you.I'm
sure
you
will
have
a
nice
trip.I
look
forward
to
10.
(enjoy)
your
photos.
Yours，
Li
Hua
【语篇解读】 本文是一封书信，作者介绍了自己的敦煌之旅，并给收信人提了一些去撒哈拉沙漠的建议。
1．exciting [考查词性转换。设空处在句中作表语，修饰主语trip，指“令人兴奋的”，应用exciting。]
2．to
see [考查固定短语。can't
wait
to
do
sth.迫不及待地想做某事。]
3．have
had [考查时态。ever
since作介词，后接表示时间的名词，常与现在完成时连用。故该空填have
had。]
4．a [考查冠词。该处指“乘飞机”，应用take
a
flight。]
5．myself [考查代词。设空处在句中作动词found的宾语且与主语I是同一人，故该处用反身代词。“find
oneself＋形容词”表示“发现自己……”。]
6．had
seen [考查时态。根据固定句式“it
was
the
first
time
that
sb.had
done
sth.某人第一次做某事”可知该处用过去完成时，故填had
seen。]
7．sadly [考查词性转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词，故填sadly
“令人遗憾的是”。]
8．with [考查介词，该处表示“带一件长袖的衬衣”，with表示“有”。]
9．that [考查状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，so后接形容词或副词。]
10．enjoying [考查非谓语动词。look
forward
to
doing
sth.盼望着做某事，动名词作介词to的宾语。]
5/5课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When
you
go
to
St.Petersburg，the
number
of
attractions
can
seem
overwhelming.If
you're
short
of
time，or
just
want
to
make
sure
to
hit
the
highlights，these
are
the
top
must?see
sights
in
St.Petersburg.
The
Hermitage
Museum
The
Hermitage
Museum
is
one
of
the
most
important
sights
to
see
for
any
visitor
to
St.Petersburg.There
you
can
see
lots
of
different
paintings
of
old
masters
inside
the
Hermitage.Prepare
to
come
face?to?face
with
classic
Western
artists.
The
Russian
Museum
The
Russian
Museum
holds
one
of
the
largest
collections
of
Russian
art
in
the
world.View
Russian
art
creations
through
the
ages
from
Byzantine(拜占庭)?style
icons
to
the
Socialist
Realism
of
Stalin's
times.
Kizhi
Island
Kizhi
Island
is
an
open?air
museum
of
wooden
buildings
from
the
Karelia
Region
of
Russia.These
impressive
structures
are
made
without
any
nails(钉子)—the
wood
fits
together
with
joints
and
grooves(沟槽)．
Peterhof
Peterhof
is
as
beautiful
as
it
is
fun.You'll
be
charged
for
admission(门票)，but
go
to
Peterhof
when
the
fountains(喷泉)
are
working—during
the
day
in
summer.They
are
shut
off
in
winter
as
well
as
in
the
evenings.
The
Church
of
Our
Savior
on
Spilled
Blood
Love
it
or
hate
it，the
Church
of
Our
Savior
on
Spilled
Blood
is
an
attractive
must?see
sight.The
beautiful
look
may
make
your
eyes
brighten，and
the
paintings
inside
the
church
will
make
you
say
“Wow！”
The
Bronze
Horseman
Statue
The
Bronze
Horseman
is
a
part
of
Russian
Culture
and
a
symbol
of
St.Petersburg.Made
famous
by
Alexander
Pushkin(普希金),
this
statue
of
Peter
the
Great
sitting
on
his
horse
can
truly
show
Peter
the
Great's
influence
on
the
Russian
idea
of
greatness.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了俄罗斯圣彼得堡市的几个著名景点。
1．If
you're
interested
in
paintings，you'd
better
go
to
．
A．the
Hermitage
Museum
and
Peterhof
B．the
Hermitage
Museum
and
the
Church
of
Our
Savior
on
Spilled
Blood
C．Kizhi
Island
and
the
Church
of
Our
Savior
on
Spilled
Blood
D．the
Russian
Museum
and
Kizhi
Island
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There
you
can
see
lots
of
different
paintings
of
old
masters
inside
the
Hermitage.”和倒数第二段中的“...and
the
paintings
inside
the
church
will
make
you
say
‘Wow！’”可知答案。]
2．The
man
on
the
Bronze
Horse
refers
to
．
A．Peter
the
Great
B．Alexander
Pushkin
C．Byzantine
D．Stalin
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...this
statue
of
Peter
the
Great
sitting
on
his
horse
can
truly
show
Peter
the
Great's
influence
on
the
Russian
idea
of
greatness.”可知答案。]
3．What
can
we
know
from
the
passage?
A．The
fountains
in
Peterhof
can
be
seen
all
year
round.
B．The
largest
collections
of
Russian
art
are
in
the
Hermitage
Museum.
C．The
buildings
on
Kizhi
Island
are
made
of
wood.
D．You
can
visit
Peterhof
free
of
charge.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Kizhi
Island
is
an
open?air
museum
of
wooden
buildings
from
the
Karelia
Region
of
Russia.”可知答案。]
4．The
main
purpose
of
this
passage
is
to
．
A．show
the
wonderful
history
of
Russia
B．introduce
the
famous
buildings
in
Russia
C．persuade
artists
to
study
St.Petersburg
D．attract
tourists
to
visit
St.Petersburg
D [写作目的题。根据第一段的“If
you're
short
of
time，or
just
want
to
make
sure
to
hit
the
highlights，these
are
the
top
must?see
sights
in
St.Petersburg.”可知，本文的写作目的是吸引游客来参观St.Petersburg。]
B
They
lived
thousands
of
miles
apart，and
both
died
in
1616.This
has
led
to
a
lot
of
studies
comparing
their
works，which
are
still
important
to
this
day.
To
mark
the
400th
anniversary
of
Tang
Xianzu
and
William
Shakespeare's
deaths，an
exhibition
called
Dialogue
Across
Time
and
Space：Homage
to
Tang
Xianzu
and
William
Shakespeare
is
being
held
across
26
Chinese
Cultural
Centres
in
different
countries
from
Sept.
1
to
December.
Shakespeare's
plays
are
always
found
in
the
British
school
curriculum，while
Tang's
best?known
opera，The
Peony
Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)，continues
to
be
performed
worldwide.
Both
were
“great
men
in
the
circle
of
world
drama”，according
to
Aoki
Masaru，who
put
the
works
of
Shakespeare
and
Tang
together
in
his
1943
book
A
History
of
Chinese
Literary
Thought.
Both
shared
a
love
for
a
journey
of
self?discovery.The
difference
is
that
Shakespeare's
works
show
people
of
all
backgrounds
and
classes，while
Tang's
dramas
come
from
a
more
aristocratic(贵族的)
background.Tang's
lines
were
sung
mostly
in
family
theaters.Shakespeare，however，had
to
sell
tickets
to
whoever
would
buy
them.
That
probably
affected
their
writing
styles.Though
few
can
touch
Shakespeare's
range
and
richness
of
works，there
is
one
area
in
which
Tang's
works
may
have
been
better.That's
in
the
use
of
dreams，not
only
to
tell
a
story，but
also
to
explore
ideas.
The
Peony
Pavilion
is
set
in
the
world
of
the
characters'
dreams，especially
Du
Liniang，the
young
lady
who
has
not
seen
or
gotten
to
know
Liu
Mengmei
when
she
falls
in
love
with
him.After
Liu
has
dreamed
of
her，he
finds
her
portrait(肖像画)
three
years
after
her
death
and
can't
stop
thinking
about
her.
But
for
Du，a
dream
is
a
path
to
the
freedom
that
young
women
of
ancient
China
normally
didn't
have—the
freedom
to
love
someone
without
their
families
getting
in
the
way.
Shakespeare
also
famously
used
the
stage
to
look
at
Philosophy(哲学)
in
A
Midsummer
Night's
Dream(《仲夏夜之梦》)．But
in
a
sense，the
dream
was
Tang's
stage.
【语篇解读】 文章主要对比了莎士比亚和汤显祖的作品。
5．We
can
conclude
from
the
article
that
．
A．Shakespeare's
works
are
much
more
popular
among
students
than
people
of
other
age
groups
B．the
difference
in
their
writing
styles
is
rooted
in
their
living
environments
C．Shakespeare
never
used
the
idea
of
dreams
in
his
dramas
D．Tang's
works
are
more
about
the
lives
of
the
upper
class
D [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“while
Tang's
dramas
come
from
a
more
aristocratic(贵族的)
background”可知，汤显祖的作品更多的是关于上等阶层人的生活。故选D。]
6．According
to
the
article，dreams
in
Tang's
works
．
A．represent
Tang's
love
for
freedom
B．are
only
used
to
express
Tang's
support
for
aristocratic
families
C．make
the
characters
seem
mysterious
and
interesting
D．reflect
problems
young
women
in
ancient
China
had
to
face
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，汤显祖的作品中的“梦”反映出古代中国年轻女性不得不面对的问题。故选D。]
7．The
writer
wrote
this
article
mainly
to
．
A．describe
studies
of
Tang
Xianzu
and
William
Shakespeare
B．make
a
comparison
between
Tang
Xianzu
and
William
Shakespeare
C．explain
why
Tang
Xianzu
and
William
Shakespeare
are
still
famous
today
D．explore
the
use
of
dreams
in
Tang
and
Shakespeare's
writings
B [写作意图题。根据文章内容和第一段中的“This
has
led
to
a
lot
of
studies
comparing
their
works，which
are
still
important
to
this
day.”可知，文章主要是对比汤显祖和莎士比亚的作品。故选B。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A
young
painter
lived
in
a
small
narrow
house,
living
on
painting
portraits
before
he
became
famous.
One
day，a
rich
man
came
by
and
found
the
painter
painting
so
well
that
he
liked
it
and
asked
him
to
draw
a
portrait.They
agreed
on
1，000
dollars.
After
a
week,
the
portrait
was
done.The
rich
man
came
to
take
the
painting
as
agreed
on.At
this
moment,
the
rich
man
hit
on
an
evil
idea
of
bullying
the
unknown
young
artist.He
thought，“The
man
in
the
painting
is
me.If
I
don't
buy
this
painting，no
one
will
buy
it.Why
should
I
pay
so
much
money
for
it？”
So
the
rich
man
said
to
the
young
painter，“I
will
only
pay
300
dollars
to
buy
this
painting.”
The
young
painter
was
stunned,
for
he
had
never
come
across
such
things.He
argued
strongly
on
just
grounds,
expecting
the
rich
man
to
keep
the
agreement
and
to
be
a
trustworthy
man.
“I
can
only
pay
300
dollars
to
buy
the
painting.Speak
no
more.”
The
rich
man
thought
he
would
win
for
sure,
“I
ask
you
at
last,
will
you
sell
it
300
dollars
or
not？”
The
young
painter
knew
the
rich
man
deliberately
went
back
on
his
words,
so
he
felt
irritated.He
said
in
a
firm
tone,
“No,
I
would
prefer
not
to
sell
the
painting
rather
than
to
be
humiliated
by
you.Today
you
break
your
word
and
someday
you
must
pay
20
times
for
it.”
“What
a
joke！20
times
will
be
20，000！I
won't
be
stupid
to
pay
20，000
dollars
to
buy
the
painting！”
“Well,
we'd
better
wait
and
see，”
the
young
artist
cried
to
the
rich
man
who
left
angrily.
After
the
stimulation(刺激)
of
such
an
incident，the
painter
moved
out
of
this
sad
place,
studied
after
acknowledged
teachers
and
worked
hard
night
and
day.More
than
a
dozen
years
later,
he
finally
blazed
a
new
way
and
became
popular
in
the
circle
of
art.However,
the
rich
man
had
forgotten
the
artist's
painting
and
words
the
next
day.
Paragraph
1：
The
famous
painter
decided
to
hold
an
exhibition
at
the
very
place.
Paragraph
2：
The
rich
man
hurried
there,
apologized
a
million
times
and
requested
that
he
buy
back
his
portrait.
【参考范文】
Paragraph
1：
The
famous
painter
decided
to
hold
an
exhibition
at
the
very
place.Many
people
were
attracted
to
the
exhibition
to
admire
the
great
works.Interestingly,
they
found
something
really
ridiculous
and
funny.One
of
the
paintings
entitled
“Thief”
was
priced
at
20，000
dollars.Strangely，the
man
in
the
painting
looked
exactly
the
same
as
the
rich
man.Words
spread
and
at
last
they
reached
the
rich
man's
ears.He
recalled
the
incident
and
the
painter
he
broke
his
word
with.Suddenly
he
realized
the
painter
was
humiliating
him
in
this
way.
Paragraph
2：
The
rich
man
hurried
there,
apologized
a
million
times
and
requested
that
he
buy
back
his
portrait.The
painter
turned
his
back
to
him
and
stood
there
speechless
with
many
visitors
around.The
rich
man
felt
so
embarrassed
and
said,
“It
is
my
own
fault
and
I
deserve
it！”
Then
the
painter
turned
around，handed
him
the
painting
and
told
him
it
was
a
free
gift
for
him
hoping
that
he
could
be
a
man
of
good
faith.Anyway,
for
the
painter,
it
was
this
incident
that
motivated
him
to
work
hard
and
made
him
what
he
was
today.
6/7本模块的写作任务是建议信，属于应用文。建议信的目的是向有关组织或个人提出建议，所提建议旨在针对某种事物或现象，提出一些改进的措施，这种建议带有劝说性。建议信写成书信或电子邮件的格式，一般由称呼、正文、结尾和署名四个部分组成。
[基本框架]
1．开头——提出写建议信的缘由。
2．主体——写出建议的具体内容，并指出你所提出的建议可能会带来的好处。
3．结尾——表明希望自己的建议被采纳的想法。
[常用词块]
1．would
like
to想要
2．suggest/advise
建议
3．express
my
views
concerning...就……发表观点
4．be
beneficial
to.../
be
of
benefit
to...对……有益
5．why
not...为什么不……
6．had
better最好
7．how
about
doing...做……怎么样
8．as
far
as
I'm
concerned
我认为……
9．firstly...;
secondly...;
...last
but
not
least...
首先……，其次……，最后但同样重要的是……
10．find
these
proposals/suggestions/recommendations
practical/useful/helpful觉得这些建议实用/有用/有帮助
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．I
know
you
are
now
having
trouble
communicating
with
others，and
you
may
often
feel
lonely.
我知道你现在在与人交流方面有麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。
2．I'm
glad
to
receive
your
letter
asking
for
my
advice
on...
很高兴收到你就……征求建议的来信。
3．Here
are
some
tips/a
few
suggestions
to
help
you.
这里有帮助你的一些建议。
★佳句正文
1．First(ly)，why
not
join
a
club?
If
you
do
this，you
can
make
friends.
首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部呢？如果你这样做的话，就能交到朋友。
2．Second(ly)，you
should/can
try
to
talk
with
others.Then/That
way，you
will
feel
better.
其次，你应该尽力与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。
3．Third(ly)，it
would
be
a
good
idea
if
you
read
a
book
or
listen
to
music.By
doing
this，you
will
calm
yourself
down.
第三，如果你看书或听音乐将会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。
4．Last
but
not
least，you
should
talk
with
her
first.
最后但同等重要的是，你应该先和她谈一谈。
5．As
far
as
I
am
concerned/In
my
opinion，you
should
help
each
other.
就我而言/在我看来，你们应该互相帮助。
★余味结尾
1．I
hope
you
will
find
these
ideas
useful.
我希望你会觉得这些办法有用。
2．As
time
goes
on，people
will
know
you
better
and
will
like
to
make
friends
with
you
if
you
can
follow
the
above
advice.
如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加了解你，会愿意和你交朋友的。
3．I
believe
that
if
you
follow
my
advice，you'll
get
along
well
with
your
classmates.
我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处好的。
假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发给你e?mail，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封80词左右的e?mail，推荐他买哪种电子词典。
1．方便、快捷；
2．内置几部词典、能发音；
3．能储存资料；
4．其他……
【参考范文】
Dear
Zhang
Ke，
I've
got
your
e?mail
and
think
it
a
wise
choice
to
buy
an
electronic
dictionary.
To
begin
with，an
electronic
dictionary
much
smaller
than
the
common
one
is
convenient
to
carry.Additionally，you
can
get
what
you
want
in
it
immediately.Also
it
has
several
dictionaries
and
you
can
store
material
as
much
as
possible
because
there
is
RAM
in
it.What
makes
it
outstanding
from
others
is
that
it
can
give
you
a
vivid，clear
and
correct
pronunciation.
I
do
hope
my
suggestion
will
be
useful
to
you.
Yours，
Li
Hua
3/3阅读P53－54教材课文，选出最佳选项。
1．What
is
the
old
man
mentioned
in
the
passage
like?
A．Out?going.
B．Able.
C．Cooperative.
D．Determined.
2．How
many
times
did
the
old
man
try?
A．Two.
B．Five.
C．More
than
six.
D．Six.
3．Which
statement
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．The
old
man
was
easy
to
be
defeated.
B．The
old
man
was
a
tough
man.
C．The
old
man
made
several
attempts
and
gave
up
in
the
end.
D．The
old
man
managed
to
catch
a
big
fish
with
ease.
[答案] 1－3 DCB
particular
adj.特别的，格外的；特指的，挑剔的
(教材P48)Teachers
in
particular
can
provide
suggestions
for
interesting
reading
materials...
尤其是老师会给一些……有趣的阅读材料提供建议。
[例1] I
am
not
particular
about
my
clothes
while
my
wife
minds
what
I
wear.
我不怎么讲究着装，我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。
[例2] Is
there
a
particular
type
of
book
he
enjoys?
他有特别喜爱的一类书籍吗？
[造句] 那个男孩特别喜欢网络游戏。
The
boy
likes
the
Internet
games
in
particular.
[归纳拓展]
(1)in
particular
尤其，特别
be
particular
about/over...
对……挑剔，讲究
(2)particularly
adv.
特别是，格外，异乎寻常地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
boy
likes
anything
to
do
with
nature
in
particular.
②We
are
particularly
(particular)
grateful
to
him
for
his
timely
help.
③Mary
is
going
on
a
diet,
so
she
is
very
particular
about/over
food.
feature
n．&vt.特色，特征；以……为特色，是……的特征
(教材P50)Read
the
PPT
slides
below
and
try
to
understand
the
features
of
each
type.
阅读下面的PPT幻灯片，并尝试了解每种类型的特征。
[例1] Teamwork
is
a
key
feature
of
the
training
programme.
团队合作是这项训练计划的重要特点。
[例2] It's
a
great
film
and
it
features
a
Spanish
actor
who
is
going
to
be
a
world
star
within
a
year.
那是一部精彩的电影，它由一位西班牙演员主演，他一年之内就会成为国际明星。
[造句] 你挑选轿车时要着重哪些特点？
Which
features
do
you
look
for
when
choosing
a
car?
[归纳拓展]
feature
sb./sth.
(as
sb./sth.)
以……为特色；由……主演；
以……为主要组成
feature
in
sth.
起重要作用；占重要地位
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This
restaurant
is
always
featuring
(feature)
excellent
cooking.
②Her
eyes
is
one
of
her
most
striking
features
(feature)．
③Round?the?clock
service
features(feature)
this
store.
④Jon
featured
in
one
of
the
show's
most
thrilling
episodes(插曲，片段)．
defeat
vt.&n.击败，战胜；失败，战败
(教材P53)He
is
extremely
good
at
describing
the
adventures
of
tough
men
who
he
believes
“can
be
destroyed
but
not
defeated”．
他非常善于描述那些强硬人物的冒险经历，他认为这些人“可以被摧毁，但不能被打败”。
[例1] The
mayor
defeated
all
opponents
in
the
last
election.
在上次竞选中，市长击败了所有的对手。
[例2] The
world
champion
has
only
had
two
defeats
in
20
fights.
这个世界冠军在20场拳击赛中只败过两场。
[造句] 不管什么样的挑战都难不住她。
Whatever
kind
of
challenges
can
not
defeat
her.
[明辨异同] defeat，beat，win
defeat
多指击败敌军或入侵者，也可用于比赛中战胜对手。
beat
多指打败或战胜对手，后可接人名或地名。
win
多指赢得比赛、辩论、战斗等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His
army
was
quickly
defeated
(defeat)
by
the
enemy
that
week.
②Britain
won
(win)
five
gold
medals
in
the
last
Olympic
Games.
③He
always
beats(beat)
my
brother
at
chess.
attempt
vt.&n.努力，尝试，试图
(教材P53)After
coming
in
empty?handed
for
eighty?four
days，Santiago
attempts
to
catch
a
huge
fish.
圣地亚哥84天没有捕捉到一条鱼了，他试图钓条大鱼。
[例1] He
made
an
attempt
to
break
the
world
record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
[例2] Every
time
I
attempt
to
convince
her，but
in
vain.
每一次我都试图说服她，但都不起作用。
[造句] 我第一次考驾照就通过了。
I
passed
my
driving
test
at
the
first
attempt.
[归纳拓展]
(1)attempt
n．&vt.
尝试；努力；试图
make
an
attempt/attempts
to
do/at
doing/on
sth.
尝试/试图做某事
in
an
attempt
to
do
sth.
试图做某事
at
the
first
attempt
首次尝试
attempt
to
do
sth.
尝试做某事
(2)attempted
adj.
未遂的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
attempted
to
compete
(compete)
for
the
position
of
chairman
of
the
Students'
Union.
②It
is
said
that
the
case
is
an
attempted(attempt)
murder.
③Parents
are
making
an
attempt
to
protect
their
kids
by
giving
whatever
they
have.
④If
you
fail
at
the
first
attempt,
there
is
no
need
to
care
about
that.
confused
adj.糊涂的，混乱的
(教材P54)Now
you
are
getting
confused
in
the
head,
he
thought.
现在你正变得头脑不清醒了，他心里想。
[例1] If
you're
confused
about
anything,
phone
me.
如果你对什么事有疑问，打电话给我。
[例2] “What's
this
place？”
I
asked，still
confused.
我问：“这是什么地方？”，还是很困惑。
[造句] 我对他刚才说的话感到困惑。
I
was
confused
with
what
he
said
just
now.
[归纳拓展]
(1)confuse
vt.
使糊涂，使混乱
confuse
sb.with
sth.
因某事而使某人糊涂
confuse
sth.with
sth.
把……跟……混淆
(2)confused
adj.
感到迷惑的
be
confused
about...
对……感到迷惑
(3)confusing
adj.
令人迷惑的
(4)confusion
n.
迷惑，混乱；令人迷惑的事情
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Please
don't
confuse
Australia
with
Austria.
②The
film
is
so
confusing
(confuse)
that
I
can't
understand
it.
③Your
confusing(confuse)
explanation
really
made
her
at
a
loss.
④From
the
confused(confuse)
look
on
his
face，I
could
tell
that
he
couldn't
follow
me.
achievement
n.
成就，成绩；达到，完成
[例1] We
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
we
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
当我们到达山顶的时候，有一种巨大的成就感。
[例2] It
was
a
remarkable
achievement
for
such
a
young
player.
如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。
[造句] 他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。
They
were
proud
of
their
children's
achievements.
[归纳拓展]
(1)achievement
n．
成就；达到，完成
make
achievements
取得成就
a
sense
of
achievement
一种成就感
(2)achieve
v.
达到；完成；成功
achieve
one's
goal
实现某人的目标
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
has
made
a
great
achievement
(achieve)
as
a
musician.
②Everybody
should
be
given
the
chance
to
achieve
(achieve)
their
goals.
③He
will
never
achieve
anything
if
he
doesn't
work
harder.
④She
has
a
list
of
achievements(achievement)
of
which
she
is
proud.
标题归纳题
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：
(1)Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
(2)What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
(3)What
is
the
best
title
for
this
passage?
(4)The
most
suitable
title
of
this
passage
is
．
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
[例文]Steven
Stein
likes
to
follow
garbage
trucks.His
strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he's
an
environmental
scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter，including
things
that
fall
off
garbage
trucks
as
they
drive
down
the
road.What
is
even
more
interesting
is
that
one
of
Stein's
jobs
is
defending
an
industry
behind
the
plastic
shopping
bags.Americans
use
more
than
100
billion
thin
film
plastic
bags
every
year.So
many
end
up
in
tree
branches
or
along
highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts(收银台)．The
bags
are
prohibited
in
some
90
cities
in
California，including
Los
Angeles.Eyeing
these
headwinds，plastic?bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like
Stein
to
make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not
as
bad
for
the
planet
as
most
people
assume.Among
the
bag
makers'
arguments：many
cities
with
bans
still
allow
shoppers
to
purchase
paper
bags，which
are
easily
recycled
but
require
more
energy
to
produce
and
transport.And
while
plastic
bags
may
be
ugly
to
look
at，they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all
garbage
on
the
ground
today.The
industry
has
also
taken
aim
at
the
product
that
has
appeared
as
its
replacement：reusable
shopping
bags.The
stronger
a
reusable
bag
is，the
longer
its
life
and
the
more
plastic?bag
use
it
cancels
out.However，longer?lasting
reusable
bags
often
require
more
energy
to
make.One
study
found
that
a
cotton
bag
must
be
used
at
least
131
times
to
be
better
for
the
planet
than
plastic.Environmentalists
don't
dispute(质疑)
these
points.They
hope
paper
bags
will
be
banned
someday
too
and
want
shoppers
to
use
the
same
reusable
bags
for
years.
解题技巧1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2.文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【例文】中试题，要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。文章对这三个方面进行了对比，Plastic，Paper
or
Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
※What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．Plastic，Paper
or
Neither
B．Industry，Pollution
and
Environment
C．Recycle
or
Throw
Away
D．Garbage
Collection
and
Waste
Control
A [标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三个方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。答案选A。]
请快速确定下面这段文字的标题。
In
the
fall
of
1988，I
visited
many
Buddhist
temples，but
after
a
while
they
all
began
to
fade
from
my
memories.However，there
was
one
temple
that
left
a
great
impression
in
my
heart.
It
is
called
the
Temple
of
the
Golden
Buddha.After
walking
around
it
and
taking
some
photos，I
walked
over
to
a
glass
case，next
to
which
was
a
typewritten
page
describing
the
history
of
this
magnificent
piece
of
art.
Back
in
1957
a
group
of
monks
from
a
monastery(修道院)
had
to
relocate
a
clay
Buddha
from
their
temple
to
a
new
location.The
monastery
was
to
be
relocated
to
make
room
for
the
development
of
a
highway.When
the
crane(吊车)
began
to
lift
it，the
weight
of
it
was
so
large
that
it
began
to
crack.What's
more，rain
began
to
fall.The
head
monk
decided
to
lower
the
statue
back
to
the
ground
and
cover
it
with
a
large
oilcloth
to
protect
it
from
the
rain.
Later
that
evening
the
head
monk
went
to
check
on
the
Buddha.He
shined
his
flash?light
under
the
oilcloth
to
see
if
the
Buddha
was
staying
dry.As
the
light
reached
the
crack，he
noticed
a
little
beam
shining
back
and
thought
it
strange.As
he
took
a
closer
look
at
this
beam
of
light，he
wondered
if
there
might
be
something
underneath
the
clay.He
went
to
fetch
a
chisel
and
hammer
from
the
monastery
and
began
to
chip
away
at
the
clay.As
he
knocked
off
pieces
of
clay，the
little
beam
grew
brighter
and
bigger.Many
hours
of
labor
went
by
before
the
monk
stood
face
to
face
with
the
extraordinary
solid?gold
Buddha.
Historians
believe
that
several
hundred
years
before
the
head
monk's
discovery，the
army
was
about
to
invade
the
country.The
monks，realizing
that
their
country
would
soon
be
attacked，covered
their
precious
golden
Buddha
with
an
outer
covering
of
clay
in
order
to
keep
their
treasure
from
being
robbed
by
the
enemy.
Unfortunately，it
appears
that
the
enemy
killed
all
the
monks，and
the
well?kept
secret
of
the
golden
Buddha
remained
uncovered
until
the
day
in
1957.
As
I
flew
home
I
began
to
think
to
myself，“We
are
all
like
the
clay
Buddha
covered
with
a
shell
of
hardness
created
out
of
fear，and
yet
underneath
each
of
us
is
a
“golden
Buddha”，a
“golden
Christ”，or
a
“golden
spirit”，which
is
our
real
self.Somewhere
along
the
way，between
the
ages
of
two
and
nine，we
begin
to
cover
up
our
“golden
spirit”，our
natural
self.Much
like
the
monk
with
the
hammer
and
the
chisel，our
task
now
is
to
discover
our
true
spirit
once
again.”
※What
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A．Visiting
Buddhist
Temples
B．The
Golden
Buddha
C．Protecting
Their
Country
D．Relocating
the
Buddha
B [标题归纳题。作者通过讲述金佛寺中的金佛出于保护被涂上一层粘土，经雨淋后露出本来面目，揭开了其不同寻常的历史。作者以此说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛，要发现自己真正的金色。“The
Golden
Buddha(金色的佛)”贯穿全文，适合作为标题。故选B。]
9/9课时分层作业(十)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据首字母提示或所给汉语意思写出所缺单词。
1．He
was
awakened(唤醒)
at
dawn
by
the
sound
of
crying.
2.I
am
sending
you
literature
(文学作品)from
two
other
companies
that
provide
a
similar
service.
3．I'm
quite
capable(能力强的)of
taking
care
of
myself.
4．The
party
was
divided
on
this
issue(问题)．
5．Muscle
cells
need
lots
of
fuel
and
therefore(因此)
burn
lots
of
calories.
6．He
then
decided
to
devote
himself
to
other
research.
7．I
appeal
to
you
to
think
of
our
children.
8．Every
time
when
I
mention
her,
you
become
very
sensitive．
9．She
was
left
to
reflect
on
her
decision
on
the
way
home.
10．As
I
grow
older,
I
like
to
reread
the
classics
regularly.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Tang
Dynasty
poets
had
sung
for
three
centuries
in
different
tones.They
included
many
well?known
poets
living
in
the
Tang
period，such
as
Li
Bai，Du
Fu，Bai
Juyi
and
Li
Shangyin.
Poems
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
edited
in
the
Qing
Dynasty
has
collected
more
than
48，900
poems
that
were
written
by
over
2，200
poets.But
it
didn't
cover
all
the
poems
of
the
Tang
Dynasty.
During
the
Tang
Dynasty，poems
were
recited
when
lovers
walked
under
the
moonlight.Poems
were
also
recited
when
soldiers
fought
on
the
battlefield.People
recited
them
in
the
open
air
or
at
temple
fairs.
Tang
Dynasty
poets
wrote
poems
to
win
their
fame
and
also
to
mould
their
temperament.They
poured
out
deep
feelings
for
their
friends
and
criticised
injustice
in
the
world
through
poems.
In
the
Tang
Dynasty
scholars
must
be
poets.The
nobility
and
common
people
were
their
readers.Poets
recited
poems，songstresses
sang
poems
and
other
ranks
of
people，including
old
women
and
children，could
also
read
some
Tang
poems.The
atmosphere
had
affected
those
foreigners
who
visited
the
country
at
that
time.As
a
result，Tang
poetry
was
introduced
to
some
adjacent
countries.Sentimental
people
were
overwhelmed
with
admiration
for
it.
Tang
poetry
serves
as
a
most
brilliant
page
in
the
history
of
ancient
Chinese
literature.It's
a
miracle
in
the
history
of
culture
of
mankind.The
Tang
Dynasty
was
a
powerful
empire
with
a
vast
territory.It
inherited
Chinese
civilization
that
went
back
to
ancient
times，blended
with
the
cream
of
other
ethnic
peoples
and
adopted
the
benefits
of
other
nations
in
the
world.
Tang
poetry
wasn't
the
only
spiritual
wealth
created
by
the
Tang
Dynasty
people.Philosophy
and
religion，building
and
sculpture，calligraphy
and
painting，and
music
and
dance
all
gained
their
peaks
in
development.Tang
poetry
was
a
symbol
of
these
creations
and
a
spiritual
emblem
of
the
time.
It
has
become
a
way
of
life
that
has
affected
the
Chinese
people
for
generations.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了唐诗在中国历史上的地位及其对人们的影响。
1．We
can
conclude
from
the
passage
that
．
A．only
people
in
the
Tang
Dynasty
created
poems
B．in
total
there
were
four
famous
poets
in
the
Tang
Dynasty
C．the
Tang
Dynasty
probably
existed
for
about
three
centuries
D．in
the
Tang
Dynasty
most
common
people
were
poets
C [推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Tang
Dynasty
poets
had
sung
for
three
centuries
in
different
tones.”可以推知，C项正确。]
2．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．Why
the
poets
created
poems.
B．Some
other
kinds
of
spiritual
wealth
in
the
Tang
Dynasty.
C．The
significance
and
influence
of
the
Tang
Dynasty.
D．The
editors
of
Poems
of
the
Tang
Dynasty.
D [细节理解题。第二段提到了Poems
of
the
Tang
Dynasty这本书，但没有提到编者。其他三项文中均有提及。]
3．The
underlined
word
“adjacent”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
means
“
”．
A．strong
B．neighbouring
C．poor
D．rich
B [词义猜测题。根据前一句“The
atmosphere
had
affected
those
foreigners
who
visited
the
country
at
that
time.”可知，这种人人吟诗的氛围也影响了当时在唐朝的外国人，唐诗也因此被传至邻近国家。由此可猜测词义是“邻近的”。]
B
In
the
coming
months，we
are
bringing
together
artists
from
all
over
the
globe，to
enjoy
speaking
Shakespeare's
plays
in
their
own
language，in
our
Globe，within
the
architecture
Shakespeare
wrote
for.Please
come
and
join
us.
National
Theatre
of
China Beijing|Chinese
This
great
occasion(盛会)will
be
the
National
Theatre
of
China's
first
visit
to
the
UK.The
company's
productions
show
the
new
face
of
21st
century
Chinese
theatre.This
production
of
Shakespeare's
Richard
III
will
be
directed
by
the
National's
Associate
Director，Wang
Xiaoying.
Date&Time：Saturday
28
April，2：30
p．m.&Sunday
29
April，1：30
p．m.&6：30
p．m.
Marjanishvili
Theatre Tbilisi|Georgian
One
of
the
most
famous
theatres
in
Georgia，the
Marjanishvili，founded
in
1928，appears
regularly
at
theatre
festivals
all
over
the
world.This
new
production
of
As
You
Like
It
is
helmed(指导)by
the
company's
Artistic
Director
Levan
Tsuladze.
Date&Time：Friday
18
May，2：30
p．m.&Saturday
19
May，7：30
p．m.
Deafinitely
Theatre London|British
Sign
Language(BSL)
By
translating
the
rich
and
humorous
text
of
Love's
Labour's
Lost
into
the
physical
language
of
BSL，Deafinitely
Theatre
creates
a
new
interpretation
of
Shakespeare's
comedy
and
aims
to
build
a
bridge
between
deaf
and
hearing
worlds
by
performing
to
both
groups
as
one
audience.
Date&Time：Tuesday
22
May，2：30
p．m.&Wednesday
23
May，7：30
p．m.
Habima
National
Theatre Tel
Aviv|Hebrew
The
Habima
is
the
centre
of
Hebrew?language
theatre
worldwide.Founded
in
Moscow
after
the
1905
revolution，the
company
eventually
settled
in
Tel
Aviv
in
the
late
1920s.Since
1958，they
have
been
recognised
as
the
national
theatre
of
Israel.This
production
of
Shakespeare's
The
Merchant
of
Venice
marks
their
first
visit
to
the
UK.
Date&Time：Monday
28
May，7：30
p．m.&Tuesday
29
May，7：30
p．m.
【语篇解读】 本文是四则广告，属于应用文。文章主要介绍了四家剧院有关莎士比亚戏剧的演出信息。
4．Which
play
will
be
performed
by
the
National
Theatre
of
China?
A．Richard
III.
B．Love's
Labour's
Lost.
C．As
You
Like
It.
D．The
Merchant
of
Venice.
A [细节理解题。根据National
Theatre
of
China
Beijing|Chinese下面的第三句“This
production
of
Shakespeare's
Richard
III
will
be
directed
by
the
National's
Associate
Director，Wang
Xiaoying.”可知，将要在中国国家大剧院上演的是Richard
III，故选A项。]
5．What
is
special
about
Deafinitely
Theatre?
A．It
has
two
groups
of
actors.
B．It
is
the
leading
theatre
in
London.
C．It
performs
plays
in
BSL.
D．It
is
good
at
producing
comedies.
C [细节理解题。根据Deafinitely
Theatre
London|British
Sign
Language(BSL)下面的第一句“By
translating
the
rich
and
humorous
text
of
Love's
Labour's
Lost
into
the
physical
language
of
BSL...”可知，在Deafinitely
Theatre中，戏剧是用BSL(英国手语)来演出的。故选C项。]
6．When
can
you
see
a
play
in
Hebrew?
A．On
Saturday
28
April.
B．On
Sunday
29
April.
C．On
Tuesday
22
May.
D．On
Tuesday
29
May.
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的in
Hebrew可以定位至Habima
National
Theatre处，根据最后一部分内容“Date&Time：Monday
28
May，7：30p.m.&Tuesday
29
May，7：30
p．m.”可知，在5月29日是可以看戏剧的，故选D项。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
The
smell
of
campfires
attracts
many
people
into
the
woods
and
mountains
for
camping
trips.Especially，the
start
of
summer
or
perhaps
fall
is
the
perfect
time
to
take
a
camp.Here
are
several
reasons
you
should
consider
packing
up
the
sleeping
bags
and
heading
into
the
mountains.
You
get
closer
to
nature
1
Campgrounds
are
about
as
close
as
you
can
get
to
some
of
the
most
beautiful
places
on
the
earth.
You
get
far
away
from
technology
Communicate
with
nature.
2
So
you
and
your
children
can
leave
the
cell
phones
at
home.You
may
get
close
to
wildflowers
and
the
fresh
air.
Food
tastes
much
better
in
the
outdoors
Cooking
over
an
open
fire
gives
meat
a
special
taste
which
can't
be
done
well
on
the
stove
at
home.
3
Camping
is
affordable
When
short
of
cash
for
a
vacation，many
families
can
keep
it
cheap
by
heading
into
the
woods
for
a
camping
trip.Camping
equipment
can
be
bought
with
very
little
money.
4
You
can
have
good
memories
5
Most
of
your
friends
will
wish
they
had
come
along
with
you.
A．Give
your
friends
some
advice
about
camp.
B．You
may
want
to
enjoy
yourself
in
your
house.
C．Most
campgrounds
don't
have
Wi?Fi
or
even
a
phone
signal.
D．The
biggest
cost
is
usually
the
gas
to
get
to
the
campground.
E．Post
a
few
photos
of
your
camping
trip
to
mountains
when
at
home.
F．While
camping，you're
most
likely
to
be
in
a
national
park
or
national
forest
lands.
G．Camping
food
is
some
of
the
best?tasting
food
and
it
tastes
even
better
in
the
fresh
air.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章给出了几个你应该去露营的原因。
1．F [下文说露营地离你能到的地球上最美丽的地方最近。而F选项“露营时，你最有可能在国家公园或国家森林里”切题，故选F。]
2．C [上文说与大自然沟通，下文说所以你和你的孩子可以把手机留在家里。该空承上启下，C选项“大多数露营地没有Wi?Fi，甚至没有电话信号”切题，故选C。]
3．G [这一段落标题意思是“在户外，食物吃起来味道更好”。上文说在明火上烹饪，肉有一种特殊的味道，这是在家里的炉子上做不到的。该空承接上文，且与标题相呼应，G选项“露营食物是最美味的食物之一，在新鲜的空气中吃起来更美味”切题，故选G。]
4．D [上文说用很少的钱就能买到露营设备。该空承接上文，D选项“最大的花费通常是到达营地的汽油”切题，故选D。]
5．E [下文说你的大多数朋友会希望他们和你一起去。该空引出下文，E选项“在家的时候，贴几张去山上露营的照片”切题，故选E。]
6/6情态动词
基本概念
情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have
to除外)；一般不能单独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have
to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare(dared)，need(needed)，ought
to等。
[观察思考]
①Today，both
male
and
female
athletes
from
around
the
world
can
take
part.
②I
am
sure
the
whole
of
China
must
have
felt
proud
when
Xu
Haifeng
won
the
first
gold
medal
for
his
country.
③Naturally，after
I
tell
her
what
to
do，my
daughter
must
do
the
opposite!
④You
should
apologize
to
Mary
for
your
rude
remarks.
⑤Mr.Green
must
be
a
teacher，isn't
he?
⑥He
may
come
here
by
train，but
I
am
not
sure.
⑦Need
I
pay
the
whole
amount
now?
⑧There
has
to
be
a
reason
for
his
strange
behaviour.
[归纳用法]
1．can(could)
(1)表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。
You
can
tell
the
significance
of
climate
change
to
us.
你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
[名师点津] can表示能力的时候，还可以用be
able
to代替，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力，但不一定做了；而be
able
to表示不但具备这样的能力，而且经过努力做了。
Can
you
come
to
the
party
tomorrow?
明天你能来参加聚会吗？
He
was
a
good
swimmer
so
he
was
able
to
swim
to
the
riverbank
when
the
boat
sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。
(2)表示请求许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could
I
use
your
bike
tomorrow
morning?
—Yes，you
can./No.I'm
afraid
not.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
(3)表示推测。
can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/could＋have＋过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。
It
can't/couldn't
be
true.
那不可能是真的。
We
could
go
there
this
summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那里。
(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会”。
The
weather
in
Shanghai
can/could
be
very
cold
in
winter.
上海冬季可能很冷。
(5)表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How
can
you
be
so
careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀！
[即学即练1] 选词填空：can，could，be
able
to
①Man
can
not
live
without
air.
②Being
a
wise
person，he
finally
was
able
to
find
the
place.
③The
cheater
said
that
he
could
turn
stone
into
gold.
2．may(might)
(1)表示允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
May
(Might)
I
ask
for
a
photo
of
your
baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
[名师点津] 对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn't或can't。
—May
I
smoke
here?
—No，you
mustn't./You'd
better
not.
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
——不，不可以。/你最好不要吸烟。
(2)表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
She
may
not
know
about
it.
她可能不知道这件事。
(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。
May
both
the
bride
and
groom
be
happy!
祝新娘新郎幸福！
3．must(have
to)
(1)must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have
to表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。mustn't表示禁止做某事；have
to的否定形式表示“不必”。have
to可用于多种时态中。
My
brother
was
very
ill，so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
at
middle
night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He
said
that
he
must
work
hard.
他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
[名师点津] 回答must引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't
have
to。
—Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
now?
—Yes，you
must.(No，you
needn't./No，you
don't
have
to.)
——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
——是的，必须。(不，不必。)
(2)must表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
She's
wearing
a
diamond
necklace.She
must
have
a
lot
of
money.
她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
(3)must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
Why
must
it
rain
on
Sunday?
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
[即学即练2] 用适当的情态动词填空
①My
sister
is
ill，my
mother
has
to
look
after
her.
②There's
a
lot
of
noise
from
next
door.They
must
be
having
a
party.
③—Must
I
return
all
the
books
in
three
days?
—Yes，you
must
.(No，you
needn't/don't
have
to
.)
④If
you
must
go，at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
4．shall
(1)表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall
I
get
you
some
more
tea?
再来点茶好吗？
(2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You
shall
come
on
time.
你必须准时到。(命令)
He
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
reading
it.
我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)
Nothing
shall
stop
us
from
carrying
out
this
plan.
没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)
(3)shall用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事，意为“应，必须”。
No
reader
shall
remove
a
book
from
the
library
without
permission.
未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
[即学即练3] 选择下列句中shall的含义
A．允诺 B．警告 C．威胁 D．征求意见
①You
shall
fail
if
you
don't
work
harder.
B
②You
shall
get
an
answer
from
me
tomorrow.
A
③You
shall
be
punished
for
what
you've
done.
C
④Shall
I
watch
TV
for
a
while？
D
5．should
(1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”(某件事宜做)，用于各种人称。
You
should
be
polite
to
your
teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
(2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。
The
film
should
be
very
good
as
it
is
starring
firstclass
actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。
Amazing！You
should
wear
slippers
at
work.
真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。
6．will(would)
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I
will
never
do
that
again.
我决不会再做那种事了。
(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would
you
pass
me
the
book?
请你把书递给我好吗？
(3)will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。
He
will
sit
up
there
all
night.
他总是整夜坐在那儿。
He
would
drop
in
on
me
on
Sundays.
他常常在星期天顺便过来看我。
[明辨异同] used
to，would
used
to
指过去的动作或状态，着重与现在的对比，可以与过去时间状语连用
would
表示过去的情况，指过去的习惯动作，不说明现在的情况
[即学即练4] 用适当的情态动词填空
①Will/Would
you
please
save
some
dessert
for
me?
②He
used
to
be
a
very
strong
man，but
now
he
isn't.
③We
would
sit
in
the
yard
every
evening
and
listen
to
his
story
when
we
were
young.
7．ought
to
(1)表示职责和义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比should稍重。
You
oughtn't
to
smoke
so
much.
你不应该抽这么多烟。
(2)表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，近似于should。
Han
Mei
ought
to
know
his
telephone
number.
韩梅应该知道他的电话号码。
8．need和dare
(1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。一般不用于肯定句，无第三人称单数形式。dare有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移至句首；构成否定句时，直接在其后加not。
—Need
I
tell
him
everything?
—Yes，you
must./No，you
needn't.
——我要告诉他一切吗？
——是的，必须。/不，没有必要。
How
dare
she
do
things
like
that
to
me?
她怎么敢对我做那样的事呢？
(2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/does，need后面接带to的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有人称和数的变化。
He
didn't
dare(to)go
there.
他不敢去那儿。
Right
now
you
need
to
stay
still
until
help
comes.
现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。
[即学即练5] 用dare/need的适当形式填空
①You
needn't
hurry.There
is
still
enough
time
to
go.
②—Must
I
go
right
now?
—No，you
needn't
.
③How
dare
you
say
I'm
unfair?
④He
daren't
speak
English
before
such
a
crowd，dare
he?
⑤He
needs
to
finish
it
this
evening.
⑥Don't
you
dare
touch
it?
9．情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词
对现在和未来的推测
对过去的推测
使用场合
must
must＋do
must
havedone
肯定句
may/might
may/might＋do
may/mighthave
done
肯定句、否定句
can/could
can/could
do
can/could
have
done
否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)
should
用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should
do
should
have
done
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
情态动词＋have
done的用法
(1)should
have
done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn't
have
done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
You
should
have
told
me
about
it
earlier.
You
shouldn't
have
said
such
words
to
your
parents.
(2)ought
to
have
done也表示“本应该……”，而ought
not
to
have
done则意为“本不应该……”。
You
ought
to
have
told
me
about
it
earlier.
You
ought
not
to
have
said
such
words
to
your
parents.
(3)needn't
have
done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
You
needn't
have
walked
so
quickly
since
time
was
enough.
(4)could
have
done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。
I
could
have
come
on
time，but
my
car
broke
down
on
the
way.
(5)may/might
have
done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
You
might
have
given
him
more
help，but
you
were
so
busy.
[即学即练6] 补全句子
①I
could
have
helped
you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but
I
was
too
busy
then.
②You
must
have
gone
to
bed
late(一定是睡得很晚)
last
night.Your
eyes
are
red.
③You
know
the
story
very
well.You
may/might
have
read
it(可能读过)
before.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
have
told
you
the
truth.Must
I
keep
repeating
it?
2．I
shouldn't
have
watched
that
movie—it'll
give
me
horrible
dreams.
3．—May/Can
I
take
the
book
out?
—I'm
afraid
not.
4．You
ought
not
to
watch
TV
now；you
have
a
lot
of
homework
to
do.
5．—I
have
taken
someone
else's
coat
by
mistake.
—It
could
be
Joan's.I
heard
that
she
had
lost
her
coat
just
now.
6．—Is
the
letter
from
your
mother?
—Yes.But
she
can't
have
written
the
letter
herself，because
she
doesn't
even
know
one
word.
7．—Where
on
earth
did
you
get
the
book?
—It's
from
Mary，if
you
must
know.
8．—A
man
is
asking
to
meet
you
in
the
waiting
room.Shall
he
come
in?
—Let
him
in，please.
9．—Mummy，I
would
really
like
a
laptop.
—You
shall
get
a
laptop
as
long
as
you
pass
your
entrance
examination.
10．—Will
your
mother
be
at
home
this
Saturday?
—Hard
to
say.She
might
go
to
the
countryside
to
see
my
grandparents.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Lucy
is
an
outgoing
lady.She
1.can
play
many
kinds
of
musical
instruments.Actually，she
2.could
play
the
piano
when
she
was
8
years
old.Lucy
also
keeps
taking
exercise
every
day.She
says
that
she
has
to
do
some
sports
because
she
3.must
keep
slim.“You
4.shall
get
fat
soon
if
you
don't
take
exercise
every
day.”
She
usually
says
to
her
friends.
As
for
her，an
elegant
lady
should
try
to
keep
fit.However，last
week，she
found
that
she
5.might
put
on
weight
and
her
husband
suggested
that
she
6.should
lose
weight.However，she
is
always
lacking
in
time
because
she
has
to
take
care
of
her
children.
One
night
after
supper，she
walked
quickly
to
go
dancing
at
the
park.On
her
way，she
thought
that
the
dancing
must
7.have
begun(begin)
and
the
coach
8.could
have
taught
many
new
moves,
but
the
coach
was
absent
that
night,
so
she
was
regretful.
9/9根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．devote
v.
致力于，投入→devoted
adj.
献身的，忠诚的→devotion
n.
奉献，忠诚，热爱
2．determine
v.
确定，决定，支配；决心→determined
adj.
坚决的，坚定的→determination
n.
决定，决心
3．describe
vt.
描述，描写→
description
n.
描述，描写，形容
4．sense
n.
感觉，感官→sensitive
adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的
5．awake
adj.醒着的→awaken
vt.&vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来
6．sum
vt.总结，概括→summary
n．总结，概括，概要
1．appeal
vi.
有吸引力；申诉；呼吁
n.
吸引力
①The
prospect
of
living
in
a
city
holds
little
appeal
for
me.
吸引力
②The
police
made
an
appeal
to
the
public
to
remain
calm.
呼吁
③The
design
has
to
appeal
to
all
ages
and
social
groups.
吸引
2．reflect
vt.&vi.
反映，映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
①She
could
see
herself
reflected
in
his
eyes.
反映，映出(影像)
②The
windows
reflected
the
bright
afternoon
sunlight.
反射(声、光、热等)
③On
the
way
home
he
reflected
that
the
interview
had
gone
well.
沉思
Words
and
Phrases
appeal
to
(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
(教材P44)Let
a
little
song
appeal
to
the
ear,
or
a
great
book
to
the
heart,
and
we
discover
a
new
world,
a
world
of
dreams
and
magic.
让一首短歌愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。
[例1] The
police
have
appealed
for
witnesses
to
come
forward.
警方呼吁证人挺身而出。
[例2] I
relied
on
an
appeal
to
his
finer
feelings.
我寄希望于能引起他的好感。
[造句] 他们需要激发他的正义感。
They
need
to
appeal
to
his
sense
of
justice.
[归纳拓展]
(1)appeal
to
sb.for
sth.
为某事向某人呼吁或请求
appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.
恳求/呼吁某人做某事
(2)make
an
appeal
to
sb.for
sth.
为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make
an
appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.
恳求/呼吁某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
made
an
appeal
to
the
villagers
for
money
to
build
the
bridge.
②The
Prime
Minister
appealed
to
young
people
to
use
(use)
their
votes.
③The
Students'
Union
makes
an
appeal
to
us
students
to
do
housework
in
our
spare
time.
④We
should
appeal
to
people
to
save
the
things
that
the
nature
offers
us.
(教材P44)The
first
step
is
to
determine
some
of
its
significant
qualities.
第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。
(1)determine
vt.&vi.
确定，决定，支配；决心
[例1] A
date
for
the
meeting
has
yet
to
be
determined.
会议日期尚待确定。
[例2] We
set
out
to
determine
exactly
what
happened
that
night.
我们着手调查那天晚上发生的事情。
[造句] 他决心要援救他的两个校友。
He
determined
to
rescue
his
two
schoolmates.
[归纳拓展]
(1)determine
to
do
sth.
决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined
adj.
坚决的，坚定的
be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination
n.
决心
with
determination
坚决地，果断地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①From
his
determined
(determine)
look,
we
can
know
his
confidence.
②There
were
many
diving
spots
in
the
area
and
Larry
was
determined
to
visit
(visit)
all
of
them.
③He
determined
to
go(go)
home
after
work
at
once.
④The
work
needs
long
patience
and
determination(determine)．
[小片段填空]
He
is
well
known
as
a
①determined
man
because
he
always
fights
his
illness
with
②determination．I
③determined
to
learn
from
him.In
other
words,
I
④was
determined
to
become
a
strong?minded
girl
as
well.(determine)
(2)significant
adj.有重要意义的，显著的
[例1] There
are
no
significant
differences
between
the
two
groups
of
students.
这两组学生没有明显差别。
[例2] Your
work
has
shown
a
significant
improvement.你的工作有了显著进步。
[造句] 很明显，在考试中女生一般比男生做得好。
It
is
significant
that
girls
generally
do
better
in
examinations
than
boys.
[归纳拓展]
(1)It
is
significant
that
...
很明显……
(2)significance
n.
意义，意思，重要性
be
of
significance
to...
对……有重要意义
attach
significance
to...
认为……重要(to为介词)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In
my
view,
practicing
handwriting
is
of
great
significance
to
the
students'
growth.
②As
time
goes
by,
I
attach
more
great
significance
to
doing
(do)
what
I
am
doing
now.
③The
new
drug
has
great
significance(significant)
for
the
treatment
of
the
disease.
④I
think
it
was
significant
that
he
never
knew
his
own
father.
(教材P45)Some
truth
and
beauty
remain
unnoticed
until
a
sensitive
human
soul
brings
them
to
our
attention,
just
as
the
shell
reflects
the
unnoticed
sounds.
有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
(1)sensitive
adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
[例1] The
classroom
teacher
must
be
sensitive
to
a
child's
needs.
课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。
[例2] Employment
is
a
very
sensitive
issue.
就业是一个非常敏感的问题。
[造句] 我的牙齿对冷食过敏。
My
teeth
are
very
sensitive
to
cold
food.
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
sensitive
to...
对……敏感
be
sensitive
about...
神经过敏的，易生气的
(2)sensible
adj.
明智的，意识到的
be
sensible
of
意识到……，认识到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
think
that's
a
very
sensible
(sense)
idea.
②He's
very
sensitive
(sense)
about
his
weight.
③I
am
sensible
of
the
fact
that
mathematics
is
not
a
popular
subject.
④She
is
very
sensitive
to
other
people's
feelings.
(2)reflect
vi.思考
vt.映射；反射；反映；思考
[例1] A
newspaper
report
seems
to
reflect
the
view
of
most
members
of
Congress.
报纸的一篇报道似乎反映了国会多数议员的观点。
[例2] His
image
was
reflected
many
times
in
the
mirror.
他的影像被镜子多次反射。
[造句] 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
Our
newspaper
aims
to
reflect
the
views
of
the
local
community.
[归纳拓展]
(1)reflect
...in
...
在……中映出……
be
reflected
in
倒映在；反映在
reflect
on/upon
sth.
反省/认真思考某事
(2)reflection
n.
反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思
on
reflection
再三考虑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①English
writing
is
the
reflection
(reflect)
of
students'
English
level.
②She
could
see
her
face
reflected(reflect)
in
the
car's
windshield.
③At
first
I
thought
it
was
a
bad
idea,
but
on
reflection
I
realized
she
was
right.
④Reflecting(reflect)
on
her
volunteer
experience,
Tina
felt
proud
of
what
she
had
achieved.
capable
adj.有能力的，有才能的，能力强的
(教材P45)One
who
reads
it
is
capable
of
seeing
the
beauty
that
was
hidden
from
his
eyes
before.
读到这句诗的人可以发现他们曾视而不见的美。
[例1] She's
a
very
capable
teacher.
她是一位能力很强的教师。
[例2] The
kitchen
is
capable
of
catering
for
several
hundred
people.
这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。
[造句] 你有能力做得比这更好。
You
are
capable
of
better
work
than
this.
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
capable
of...
有能力……
(2)capability
n.
才能，能力；容量
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Age
affects
the
range
of
a
person's
capabilities
(capable)．
②He's
quite
capable
of
lying
(lie)
to
get
out
of
trouble.
③I'm
perfectly
(perfect)
capable
of
doing
it
myself,
thank
you.
④They
have
the
capability
to
destroy
the
enemy
in
days
rather
than
weeks.
contain
vt.包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)
(教材P45)To
achieve
this,
it
should
contain
two
elements:
universal
interest
and
personal
style.
为此，它应包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。
[例1] The
stadium
is
large
enough
to
contain
10，000
audience.
这个体育场足够大，能容纳1万名观众。
[例2] He
was
so
excited
that
he
could
hardly
contain
himself.
他太激动了，以至于无法控制自己。
[造句] 这本书中包含你需要的所有信息。
This
book
contains
all
the
information
that
you
need.
[归纳拓展]
contain
oneself
克制自己；自制
container
n.
容器
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
little
girl
could
hardly
contain
herself(her)
for
joy
when
she
opened
the
parcel.
②Be
careful
of
information
contained(contain)
in
advertisements.
③The
book
contains
(contain)
a
lot
of
pictures
taken
during
my
childhood.
④She
bought
a
bag
large
enough
to
contain
the
books.
[明辨异同] contain,
include
contain
通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内
include
通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including
sth.
[小片段填空]
The
box
①contains
a
number
of
letters，②including
those
from
her
admirers
and
of
course
his
letters
③included
as
well.Seeing
the
④container,
I
can't
contain
myself
any
more.(contain/include)
Sentence
Patterns
be
doing
...when
...句式
(教材P44)A
child
and
a
man
were
walking
on
the
beach
when
the
child
found
a
shell
and
held
it
to
his
ear.
一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散步时，孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。
[句式分析]
be
doing
...when
...“(某人)正在做……这时(突然)……”，when
为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and
at
this/that
time。
[例1] Last
Monday,
I
was
walking
in
the
street
when
I
suddenly
saw
an
old
man
fall
off
his
bicycle.
上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
[例2] One
day，the
cow
was
eating
grass
when
it
began
to
rain
heavily.
一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起了大雨。
[造句] 我正在候诊室里面坐着，这时一个年轻人走了进来。
I
was
sitting
in
the
waiting
room
when
a
young
man
entered.
[知识拓展]
be
about
to
do...when...
正要做……这时(突然)……
be
on
the
point
of
doing
...when
...
正要做……这时(突然)……
had
just
done
...when
...
刚做完……这时(突然)……
[翻译1] I
had
just
sat
down
when
(我刚坐下，这时)the
light
went
out.
[翻译2] I
was
about
to
go
swimming
when(正要去游泳，这时)
our
guide
saw
me
and
shouted
at
me.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
was
about
to
give(give)
up
when
my
best
friend
encouraged
me
to
go
on.
②She
was
on
the
point
of
opening(open)
the
window
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
③I
had(have)
just
finished
my
exam
paper
when
the
bell
rang.
④They
were
playing
happily
on
the
playground
when
it
began
to
rain.
“介词短语＋动词＋主语”完全倒装句式
(教材P44)Behind
every
book
is
a
man，behind
the
man
is
the
race,
and
behind
the
race
are
the
natural
and
social
environments．
每本书的背后都是人，人的背后是民族，民族的背后是自然和社会环境。
[句式分析]
此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语，主语是名词而不是代词，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构。
[例1] In
front
of
our
house
lies
a
river
where
we
used
to
swim.
我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳。
[例2] Near
the
city
was
a
volcano.
离这座城不远处有一座火山。
[造句] 墙上有两张旧照片。
On
the
wall
were
two
old
pictures.
[知识拓展]
(1)表示地点的介词短语/表示时间、地点的副词/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语
(2)表示方位、时间、地点的副词(out,
in,
up,
away,
here,
there,
between等)＋实义动词＋主语
[翻译1] There
stands
a
stone
bridge(有一座石桥)
across
the
river.
[翻译2] In
came(进来)a
little
girl，with
a
book
in
her
hand.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Between
you
and
your
dreams
stands
(stand)
a
lot
of
hard
work.
②Present
at
the
evening
party
were
(be)
our
teachers
yesterday.
③John
opened
the
door.There
stood(stand)
a
girl
he
had
never
seen
before.
④On
the
back
wall
hangs(hang)
an
old
painting.
关系副词where引导的定语从句
(教材P44)In
a
word,
we
have
now
reached
a
point
where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。
[句式分析]
where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature是定语从句，修饰先行词point。当point作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
[例1] At
that
time
we
had
reached
a
point
where
we
had
more
black
readers
than
white
ones.
那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。
[例2] You
have
reached
a
point
where
medicine
can't
help.
你已经到了无药可救的地步。
[造句] 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
We
have
reached
a
point
where
a
change
is
needed.
[知识拓展]
当先行词是stage,
point,
case,
situation,
position,
job,
business,
scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
[翻译1] Today
we'll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
where
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly(英语初学者对英语使用不当的情况)．
[翻译2] It
put
me
in
a
position
where
I
can't
afford
to
take
the
job(使我陷入了一种不能接受此职位的境地)．
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
gets
into
a
situation
where
it
is
hard
to
decide
what
is
right
and
wrong.
②She
wants
a
job
where
her
management
skills
can
be
put
to
good
use.
③After
graduation
she
reached
a
stage
in
which
she
needed
to
decide
what
to
do.
④Can
you
think
of
a
case
in
which
the
word
is
properly
used?
1．(教材P44)Then
the
man
explained
that
the
child
heard
nothing
strange,
and
that
the
shell
caught
a
range
of
sounds
too
faint
for
human
ears.
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中两个that引导的从句，作动词explain的宾语。第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略。
[译文] 随后，男子解释说孩子并没有听到什么奇怪的声音，而是贝壳捕捉到了各种对人的耳朵来说太微弱的声音。
2．(教材P45)Some
truth
and
beauty
remain
unnoticed
until
a
sensitive
human
soul
brings
them
to
our
attention,
just
as
the
shell
reflects
the
unnoticed
sounds.
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中until引导时间状语从句；as
引导方式状语从句，翻译为“正如……，如同……一样”。
[译文] 有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
3．(教材P45)When
Christopher
Marlowe's
Doctor
Faustus
asks
in
the
presence
of
Helen,
“
Was
this
the
face
that
launched
a
thousand
ships？”
he
opens
a
door
through
which
our
imagination
enters
a
new
world,
a
world
of
love,
beauty
and
heroism.
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。when
引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词face;
介词through＋which
引导定语从句，修饰名词door，其中which
代指先行词door。
[译文] 当克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问道，“这就是让一千艘战船起航的那张面孔吗？”他便打开了一扇门，而我们的想象力则通过这扇门抵达了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。
教材
高考
1.Some
truth
and
beauty
remain
unnoticed
until
a
sensitive
human
soul
brings
them
to
our
attention,
just
as
the
shell
reflects
the
unno?ticed
sounds.
(2019·江苏卷)A
city
is
the
product
of
the
human
hand
and
mind,
reflecting
man's
intelligence
and
creativity.城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They
reflect
a
concentrated
beam(束)
of
light
onto
the
town's
central
square,
creating
an
area
of
sunlight
roughly
600
square
meters.它们将一束集中的光束反射到市中心的广场上，形成约600平方米的阳光区域。
2.Let
a
little
song
appeal
to
the
ear,
or
a
great
book
to
the
heart,
and
we
discover
a
new
world,
a
world
of
dreams
and
magic.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
addition,
most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.此外，大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众读者的内容。
3.To
achieve
this,
itshould
contain
two
elements：universal
interest
and
personal
style.
(2019·浙江卷)While
restaurants
throw
away
tons
of
food
each
year,
much
of
it
remains
inaccessible
because
of
locked
garbage
containers,
health
regulations,
or
business
policies.虽然餐馆每年扔掉数以吨计的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生法规或商业政策，大部分食物仍然无法利用。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
usually
writes
about
some
environmental
issues
(issue)．
2．He
appeared
hardly
capable
of
conducting
at
conversation.
3．Why
are
you
sensitive(sense)
about
your
age?
4．It
is
of
great
significance
(significant)
that
he
changed
his
will
only
days
before
his
death.
5．The
paper
provides
a
detailed
description
(describe)
of
how
to
create
human
embryos
by
cloning.
6．What
questions
does
the
text
make
you
reflect
on/upon?
7．I
could
only
devote
two
hours
a
day
to
doing
(do)
the
work.
8．The
new
model
will
be
launched
(launch)
in
July
next
year.
9．He
appealed
to
the
voters
to
go
to
the
polls(投票处)
tomorrow.
10．They
were
all
determined
(determine)
to
go
there
the
next
Sunday.
Ⅱ.短语填空
devote
oneself
to；a
range
of；in
store
for
sb.；in
summary；draw
on；be
capable
of；appeal
to
1．He
will
appeal
to
the
state
for
an
extension
of
unemployment
benefits.
2．The
man
is
capable
of
running
a
mile
in
four
minutes.
3．In
summary
,
this
was
a
disappointing
performance.
4．If
she
had
known
what
lay
in
store
for
her,
she
would
never
have
agreed
to
go.
5．There
is
a
range
of
effective
ways
to
get
the
task
done.
6．If
we
devote
ourselves
to
a
task,
we
have
every
reason
to
do
it
well.
7．He
drew
on
his
experience
as
a
monitor
to
communicate
with
all
the
teachers.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Literature
is
the
expression
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
1.written(write)
record
of
man's
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
the
history
of
the
human
soul.Up
to
now,
we
2.have
reached
(reach)
a
point
where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature.As
we
all
know,
literature
has
at
least
three
significant
3.qualities(quality)．The
first
quality
of
literature
is
4.its
(it)
description
of
truth
and
beauty,
which
remain
unnoticed
until
a
5.sensitive
(sense)
human
soul
brings
them
to
our
attention.The
second
quality
is
its
appeal
to
our
feelings
and
imagination
6.lying(lie)
more
in
what
it
awakens
in
us
than
what
it
says.The
third
quality
is
its
permanence.7.To
achieve(achieve)
this,
literature
should
contain
two
elements:
universal
interest
and
personal
style.8.In
summary,
good
literature
appeals
to
9.the
most
basic
of
human
nature－love
and
hate,
joy
and
sadness,
fear
and
hope,
and
it
also
takes
on
a
personal
style
10.because
no
writer
can
describe
human
life
without
reflecting
his
own
life
and
experiences.
10/12速读P44－45课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
story
of
the
man
and
the
child
mentioned
in
the
text
is
to
make
the
passage
vivid
and
interesting.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．Among
the
three
qualities
of
literature,
the
description
of
truth
and
beauty
is
the
most
important.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3.
From
the
view
of
the
author,
literature
is
the
expression
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
written
record
of
man's
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
the
history
of
the
human
soul.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－3 ACA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．behind
the
man
is
the
race
B．a
great
book
to
the
heart
C．the
history
of
the
human
soul
D．a
world
of
love,
beauty
and
heroism
E．joy
and
sadness
1．Let
a
little
song
appeal
to
the
ear,
or
，
and
we
discover
a
new
world,
a
world
of
dreams
and
magic.
2．Behind
every
book
is
a
man，
，
and
behind
the
race
are
the
natural
and
social
environments.
3....he
opens
a
door
through
which
our
imagination
enters
a
new
world，
．
4．Good
literature
reflects
the
most
basic
of
human
nature―love
and
hate，
，fear
and
hope.
5．In
summary,
literature
is
the
expression
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
written
record
of
man's
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
．
[答案] 1－5 BADEC
Ⅲ.表格填空
Main
ideas
Details
Introducethe
topic
A
child
and
a
man
were
walking
on
the
beach
1.when
the
child
found
a
shell
and
held
it
to
his
ear.Suddenly
he
heard
strange,
low，musical
sounds.
Begin
thestudy
ofliterature.
Some
such
experience
as
this
2.lies
in
store
for
us
when
we
begin
the
study
of
literature.Let
a
little
song
appeal
to
the
ear,
or
a
great
book
to
the
heart,
and
we
discover
a
new
world
of
dreams
and
magic.To
enter
and
enjoy
the
new
world,
we
need
to
love
literature
and
3.make
an
effort
to
explain
it.In
a
word,
we
have
reached
a
point
4.where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature.
Threesignificantqualities
ofliterature.
※Describe
truth
and
beauty.Some
truth
and
beauty
remain
unnoticed
until
a
sensitive
human
soul
5.brings
them
to
our
attention,
just
as
the
shell
reflects
the
unnoticed
sounds.※6.Appeal
to
our
feelings
and
imagination.Its
attraction
lies
more
in
what
it
awakens
in
us
7.than
what
it
says.※
Be
permanent.8.To
achieve
the
permanence,
literature
should
contain
two
elements:
universal
interest
and
personal
style.Good
literature
reflects
the
most
basic
of
human
nature
and
it
also
9.takes
on
a
personal
style.
Conclusion.
Literature
is
the
expression
of
life
10.in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
written
record
of
man's
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
the
history
of
the
human
soul.
细读P44－45教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.6permanence
A.What
is
literature？B.The
first
quality
of
literature－description
of
truth
and
beautyC.Introducing
the
topic
of
literatureD.The
second
quality
of
literature－appeal
to
our
feelings
and
imaginationE.The
summary
of
literatureF.The
third
quality
of
literature－
[答案] 1－6 CABDFE
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.
Why
is
the
story
of
the
man
and
the
child
mentioned
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．To
describe
the
topic.
B．To
introduce
the
topic.
C．To
explain
the
topic.
D．To
conclude
the
topic.
2．What
does
the
word
“them”
mean
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．The
sounds
coming
from
the
shell
he
found.
B．The
musical
sounds
from
the
nature.
C．The
sounds
from
his
father.
D．The
sounds
from
sea
waves.
3．How
many
significant
qualities
of
literature
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．4.
B．5.
C．3.
D．2.
4．To
keep
the
literature
permanent,
which
elements
should
literature
contain?
A．Truth
and
beauty.
B．Appealing
to
our
feelings
and
imagination.
C．Permanence
and
universal
interest.
D．Universal
interest
and
personal
style.
[答案] 1－4 BACD
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——变换表达方式
A．阅读下列句子，注意表达方式的变换。
①What
amazed
the
child
was
not
a
new
world，but
the
unnoticed
music
of
the
old.
What
surprised
the
child
was
the
unnoticed
music
of
the
old
rather
than
a
new
world.
②One
who
reads
it
is
capable
of
seeing
the
beauty
that
was
hidden
from
his
eyes
before.
One
reading
it
has
the
ability
of
seeing
the
beauty
hidden
from
his
eyes
before.
B．变换下列句子的表达方式。
①The
third
quality
of
literature，coming
out
of
the
other
two，is
its
permanence.
→The
third
quality
of
literature，which
comes
out
of
the
other
two，is
its
permanence.
②...no
writer
can
describe
human
life
without
reflecting
his
own
life
and
experiences.
→...not
a
writer
can
describe
human
life
without
reflecting
his
own
life
and
experiences.
4/4Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.literature
A．adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；
宏伟的
( )2.universal
B．vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动
( )3.noble
C．n.文学，文学作品
( )4.launch
D．n.&vt.特色；以……为
特色，是……的特征
( )5.feature
E．adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
( )6.generosity
F．n.&vi.&vt.闪光；(使)闪光；(使)闪现
( )7.specific
G．n.诗集，诗歌
( )8.chapter
H．adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
( )9.poetry
I．n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量
( )10.flash
J．n.章节；篇章
[答案] 1－5 CEABD 6－10 IHJGF
B．短语匹配
( )1.draw
on
A．凭借，利用
( )2.in
summary
B．即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
( )3.in
store
for
sb.
C．总的来说
( )4.clear
up
D．尤其，特别
( )5.in
particular
E．正要做某事
( )6.be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
F．(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
[答案] 1－6 ACBFDE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．appeal
vi.&n.
有吸引力；申诉；呼吁；吸引力
2．determine
vt.&vi.
确定；决定，支配；决心
3．significant
adj.
有重要意义的；显著的
4．sensitive
adj.
感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
5．reflect
vt.&vi.
反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射
(声、光、热等)；沉思
6．contain
vt.
包含，含有；容纳
7．context
n.
(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；
上下文，语境
8．destroy
vt.
摧毁，毁灭，破坏
9．attempts
vt.&n.
努力，尝试，试图
10．confused
adj.
糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
Ⅰ.语境填空
significant；section；sensitive；description；capable；contain；attempt；devote；reflect；appeal
1．He
is
the
director
of
the
finance
section．
2．He
appeared
hardly
capable
of
conducting
at
conversation.
3．Young
people
are
very
sensitive
about
their
appearance.
4．It
is
significant
that
he
made
a
breakthrough
in
the
field.
5．Please
give
me
a
description
of
the
thief.
6．Our
newspaper
aims
to
reflect
the
views
of
the
local
community.
7．She
said
she
would
devote
herself
to
her
career.
8．This
drink
doesn't
contain
any
alcohol.
9．The
government
appealsthat
all
the
people
go
back
home
to
fight
against
the
flood.
10．Someone
has
made
an
attempt
to
kill
the
president.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Her
devotion(devote)
to
the
job
left
her
with
very
little
free
time.
2．She
shows
great
determination
(determine)
to
learn
English.
3．Your
clothes
are
often
a
reflection(reflect)
of
your
personality.
4．The
booklet
gives
a
brief
description
(describe)
of
each
place.
5．The
result
is
of
great
significance
(significant)
for
the
future
of
the
province.
6．She
found
it
extremely(extreme)
difficult
to
get
a
job.
7．A
survey
showed
people
were
confused(confuse)
about
what
they
should
eat
to
stay
healthy.
8．Don't
lean
back
in
your
chair—please
straighten(straight)
yourself
up.
9．Being
sensitive(sense)
to
temperature，she
can
feel
small
changes
in
it.
10．It
was
a
great
achievement
(achieve)
that
a
month
later
a
global
agreement
was
reached.
1．A
child
and
a
man
were
walking
on
the
beach
when
the
child
found
a
shell
and
held
it
to
his
ear.
一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散步时，孩子突然发现了一枚贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。
2．What
amazed
the
child
was
not
a
new
world,
but
the
unnoticed
music
of
the
old.
令这孩子惊讶的不是新世界，而是无人注意到的老音乐。
3．In
summary，literature
is
the
expression
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty...
总之，文学是以真和美的形式表现生活……
4．In
a
word,
we
have
now
reached
a
point
where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。
5．Its
attraction
lies
more
in
what
it
awakens
in
us
than
what
it
says.
它的吸引力与其说在于它说了些什么，倒不如说在于它唤起了我们什么。
词语助读
①when：并列连词，表示“就在这时”，结构：be
doing...when...。
②that引导从句，作动词explain的第二个宾语从句。
③what引导主语从句，同时在从句中作主语。
④not...but...不是……而是……
⑤when引导时间状语从句。
⑥a
world
of
dreams
and
magic是a
new
world的同位语。
⑦make
an
effort
to
do
sth.努力做某事
⑧behind
every
book
is
a
man表方位的介词短语置于句首，句子要用完全倒装。
⑨in
a
word
总之，简言之
⑩关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词point。
?until引导时间状语从句。
?who引导定语从句，修饰先行词one。
?that引导定语从句，修饰先行词beauty。
?what
it
awakens
in
us，what引导宾语从句作介词in的宾语。
?in
the
presence
of
在……面前
?that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
face。
?through
which...为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词door。
?coming
out
of
the
other
two
为现在分词短语作状语。
?take
on
呈现
?no...without...双重否定表示肯定。
in
summary
总之，概括起来
in
forms
of
以……形式
原文呈现
The
wonder
of
literature
A
child
and
a
man
were
walking
on
the
beach
①when
the
child
found
a
shell
and
held
it
to
his
ear.Suddenly
he
heard
strange,
low,
musical
sounds.These
sounds
seemed
to
be
from
another
world
and
the
child
listened
to
them
with
wonder.Then
the
man
explained
that
the
child
heard
nothing
strange,
and②
that
the
shell
caught
a
range
of
sounds
too
faint
for
human
ears.③What
amazed
the
child
was④
not
a
new
world,
but
the
unnoticed
music
of
the
old.
Some
such
experience
as
this
lies
in
store
for
us⑤
when
we
begin
the
study
of
literature.Let
a
little
song
appeal
to
the
ear,
or
a
great
book
to
the
heart,
and
we
discover
a
new
world，⑥a
world
of
dreams
and
magic.To
enter
and
enjoy
this
new
world,
we
need
to
love
literature,
and
⑦make
an
effort
to
explain
it.⑧Behind
every
book
is
a
man,
behind
the
man
is
the
race,
and
behind
the
race
are
the
natural
and
social
environments.We
must
know
all
these,
if
the
book
is
to
speak
its
whole
message.⑨In
a
word,
we
have
now
reached
a
point
⑩where
we
wish
to
enjoy
and
understand
literature.The
first
step
is
to
determine
some
of
its
significant
qualities.
The
first
quality
of
literature
is
its
description
of
truth
and
beauty.Some
truth
and
beauty
remain
unnoticed
?until
a
sensitive
human
soul
brings
them
to
our
attention,
just
as
the
shell
reflects
the
unnoticed
sounds.A
hundred
men
may
pass
a
field
and
see
only
dead
grass;
but
a
poet
stops,
looks
deeper,
sees
truth
and
beauty,
and
writes,
“Yesterday's
flowers
am
I．”
One?
who
reads
it
is
capable
of
seeing
the
beauty
?that
was
hidden
from
his
eyes
before.
The
second
quality
of
literature
is
its
appeal
to
our
feelings
and
imagination.Its
attraction
lies
more
in
?what
it
awakens
in
us
than
what
it
says.When
Christopher
Marlowe's
Doctor
Faustus
asks?
in
the
presence
of
Helen,
“Was
this
the
face?
that
launched
a
thousand
ships？”
he
opens
a
door?
through
which
our
imagination
enters
a
new
world,
a
world
of
love,
beauty
and
heroism.
The
third
quality
of
literature，?coming
out
of
the
other
two,
is
its
permanence.To
achieve
this,
it
should
contain
two
elements:
universal
interest
and
personal
style.Good
literature
reflects
the
most
basic
of
human
nature―love
and
hate,
joy
and
sadness,
fear
and
hope.It
also?takes
on
a
personal
style―?no
writer
can
describe
human
life
without
reflecting
his
own
life
and
experiences.
In
summary,
literature
is
the
expression
of
life
in
forms
of
truth
and
beauty,
the
written
record
of
man's
thoughts
and
feelings,
and
the
history
of
the
human
soul.
译文参考
文学的奇妙
一个孩子和一个男子在沙滩上散步时，孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。突然，他听到奇怪低沉的乐声。这些声音似乎来自另一个世界，孩子惊奇地听着这些声音。随后，男子解释说孩子并没有听到什么奇怪的声音，而是贝壳捕捉到了各种对人的耳朵来说太微弱的声音。令这孩子惊讶的不是新世界，而是无人注意到的老音乐。
当我们开始学习文学时，我们可能就会有一些像这样的体验。让一首短歌愉悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。为了进入和享受这个新世界，我们需要热爱文学，并努力去解释它。每本书的背后都是人，人的背后是民族，民族的背后是自然和社会环境。如果一本书要传递完整的信息，我们就必须理解所有这些内容。总之，我们现在已经到了希望理解并欣赏文学的地步。第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。
文学的第一个品质是它对真与美的描述。有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。一百个人路过一片田野时，眼中所见的可能都只是枯草，而一位诗人则会停下脚步，看得更透，他看到真与美，并且写下这样的诗句：“昨日我曾是鲜花。”读到这句诗的人可以发现他们曾视而不见的美。
文学的第二个品质是它对我们的情感和想象力的唤起。它的吸引力与其说在于它说了些什么，倒不如说在于它唤起了我们什么。当克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问道，“这就是让一千艘战船起航的那张面孔吗？”他便打开了一扇门，而我们的想象力则通过这扇门抵达了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。
文学的第三个品质，来自其他两个，是它的持久性。为此，它应包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。好的文学能显示最基本的人性——爱与恨、欢乐与悲伤、恐惧与希望。它也具有个人风格——没有一个作家可以描述人类的生活而又不反映自己的生活和经历。
总之，文学是以真与美的形式表现生活，是人的思想和情感的书面记录，是人类灵魂的历史。
6/61．Literature
is
human
life
textbook.
文学是人类生活的教科书。
2．Without
thinking
and
sadness,
there
would
be
no
literature.
没有思考和悲伤，就不会有文学。
3．The
text
can
be
custom,
can
learn
in
nature.
文可以变风俗，学可以究天人。
4．Literature
is
nothing,
because
literature
is
everything.
文学什么都不是，因为文学就是一切。
5．We
all
must
inherit
excellent
literary
and
artistic
heritage.
我们必须继承一切优秀的文学艺术遗产。
A
good
book
may
be
among
the
best
of
friends.It
is
the
same
today
that
it
always
was,
and
it
will
never
change.It
is
the
most
patient
and
cheerful
of
companions.It
does
not
turn
its
back
upon
us
in
times
of
adversity(逆境)
or
distress(悲伤)．It
always
receives
us
with
the
same
kindness;
amusing
and
instructing
us
in
youth,
and
comforting
and
consoling(安慰)
us
in
age.
A
good
book
is
often
the
best
urn
of
a
life
enshrining
the
best
that
life
could
think
out;
for
the
world
of
a
man's
life
is,
for
the
most
part,
but
the
world
of
his
thoughts.Thus
the
best
books
are
treasuries
of
good
words,
the
golden
thoughts,
which,
remembered
and
cherished,
become
our
constant
companions
and
comforters.
The
written
word
is
one
of
the
most
powerful
forms
of
expression.Classic
literature
written
many
years
ago
still
has
the
power
to
educate
and
inspire
people.Many
people
find
it
difficult
to
read
the
classics.In
fact,
reading
the
classics
can
be
a
pleasurable
experience
especially
as
you
mature
and
develop
a
deeper
understanding
of
the
world.
★Read
for
enjoyment.Classic
literature
should
be
read
for
enjoyment
as
well
as
education.Look
for
the
works
by
authors
you're
familiar
with
through
movies
or
TV.Choose
the
type
of
classic
literature
that
you
enjoy
reading
from
past
experience.
★Keep
a
dictionary
on
hand.Use
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary
as
a
reference
for
unfamiliar
words
or
to
define
words
that
have
changed
in
meaning
over
time.Start
slowly
and
work
on
reading
30
minutes
a
day
to
get
into
the
habit.
★Get
to
read
its
biographical
information.This
is
because
it
relates
to
the
setting
of
the
story
and
author.To
have
a
better
understanding
of
the
story,
find
out
more
about
the
time
period
in
which
a
work
was
created
and
the
background
of
its
author.
★Do
research
on
the
Internet.Large
numbers
of
websites,
like
Bibliomania，provide
information
for
the
study
and
exploration
of
classic
literature.
★Understand
story
structure.Classic
literature
often
contains
complex
plots
and
extensive
character
development.Focus
on
reading
for
the
overall
theme
or
the
meaning
of
the
story,
and
take
notes
to
recognize
the
basic
elements
of
the
story.
★Buy
literature
companions.Authoritative
works
such
as
the
Oxford
Companion
to
Classic
Literature
or
the
Norton
Anthology
of
English
Literature
offer
popular
classic
works
of
literature
to
get
you
started.
★Understand
the
use
of
footnotes
in
literature.Classic
literature
is
often
full
of
references
to
social
and
culture
elements
of
the
past.Footnotes
may
be
used
to
explain
these
references
and
make
the
material
easier
to
understand.
[探索发现]
1.
Read
the
passage
carefully
and
try
to
think
of
a
proper
title
for
it.
How
to
start
reading
classic
literature
2.
Classic
literature
is
too
difficult
for
us
to
read
now.Do
you
think
so?
Yes,
I
think
so.Though
difficult,
it
can
be
read
little
by
little.
3.
Which
tip
do
you
think
is
the
most
useful
while
reading
the
classics?
The
last
tip.Because
I
think
footnotes
are
helpful
to
me.
2/2
