英语语法--宾语从句

(共26张PPT)
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从
复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上
的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，
从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于
主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什
么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中
的从句在全句中作宾语。
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，
what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when
引导的宾语从句
由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句
注：that 在句中无实在的意义，在从句中不充当成分，
只有语法作用，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。从
句为陈述句。
e.g.
I hear (that) _______________________. （一小时后他会回来）
He said (that) ______________________. （他非常想念我们）
The teacher told us (that) ___________________________.
（地球围着太阳转）
he will be back in an hour
he missed us very much
the earth moves around the sun
注意:在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略）
We all thought it a pity that she couldn’t come .
由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句，If和
whether在句中的意思是“是否”。一般可以互换，
宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来。
1. I want to know __________________________________.
（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）
3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）
if (whether) he will go to the park with us
whether (if) he can come
whether it is going to rain or not
当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接
副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句，宾
语从句为特殊疑问句转换而来。
1. He asked __________________________. (谁能回答这个问题）
2. Do you know_________________________. （他们在等谁）
3. He asked __________________________________.
（谁的书法是班上最好的）
※4. Do you know _______________.（地球和月亮，哪一个比较小）
5. Please tell me _______________________. （我们什么时候开会）
6. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪儿）
7. Could you tell me ______________________. （我该怎么去车站）
8. Would you tell me _________________（为什么火车迟到了）
who could answer the question
whom they are waiting for
whose handwriting was the best in the class
when we’ll have a meeting
where he is
how I can get to the station
why the train is late
　 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。 Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum He asked him where he came from . Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
宾语从句的语序
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .
宾语从句时态的变化
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xi’an . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already .
3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，仍用一般现在时态。
He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news.
标点符号 ： 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。
He asked me if / whether I could help him .
Do you know where Li Ping is Please tell me what color you like best .
Would you please tell the teacher how old you are
宾语从句的否定形式 ： 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定提前． I don’t think it’s going to rain .
I don’t believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于此规则。 I hope he won’t come .
注意情况之六
　
1.句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。 Don’t open the door . （用 they 作主语变为宾语从句） — They ask not to open the door .
2.代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。
“ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . —— Lucy says that she comes from Canada .
3.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ” — I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ” — The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ” — He asked who could carry the box .
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
陈述句变为引导的宾语从句
e.g.
1. He said, “You are younger than I ”.
2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.
He said that I was younger than him.
He says that Tom is a good student.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句
e.g.
She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper ”
“Will they go to visit the Great Wall ” he asked.
She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.
He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
特殊疑问句变为who, what, when, how, where,等引导的宾语从句
1. He asked, “Where do you live ”
2. “How can we get to the post-office ” he asked.
He asked where I lived.
He asked how they could get to the post-office.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语
从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语
动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容
为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。
e.g.
The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.
注 意：
中考英语复习
宾语从句练习题
The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they __________ (return) it already.
He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)
will be
goes
were playing
has returned
had been
travels
are talking
were doing
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter.
(write)
11. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move)
round the earth.
12. Could you tell me who _________ away the book
already (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the
east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday (do)
wrote
moves
has taken
has been
rises
did
将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting Could you tell me
3. Do they like to make friends with us He asked.
4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said.
5. “I will come back.” Tom said.
6. “Is he doing his homework ” Jim asked.
I asked where they stopped on the way.
Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting
He asked if they liked to make friends with them.
He said that he was doing his homework.
Tom said that he would come back.
Jim asked if he was doing his homework.
7. “When will he come back ” Tom asked.
8. “How can I get to the station ”
Could you tell me
9. “Why is the train late ” Would you tell me
10. “Where is Tom ” They asked.
Tom asked when he would come back.
Could you tell me how I can get to the station
Would you tell me why the train is late
They asked where Tom was.
用that, if/whether, wh-等连接词填空.
1.I hear_____ they will visit our school next week.
2.We thought ______ you had never been there
3.Do you know_____ is the girl over there
4.Please tell me_______ you live.
5.Mother asked me ___________ I had finished
my homework.
6.I want to know _________ you are listening to me or not.
that
who
that
where
if / whether
whether
1.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.
I didn’t know_____the plane_____ ______.
2.他问我会议什么时候开始.
He asked me _____the meeting _______ ______.
3.没人知道他是什么时候出生的.
No one knows _____he _____ ______.
4.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大.
The teacher told his students the sun ___ _______than the moon.
why
was late
when
would begin
when
was born
is
bigger