2021届新高考英语二轮课件：完形填空（171ppt）

模块二　
完形填空
英 语
内容索引
考情透析 谋对策
题型指导 寻技法
真题演练 明趋势
考情透析 谋对策
●明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量
试卷
体裁
题材
文章长度
命题特点
2020
山东
记叙文
保护湿地
211
1.选材以记叙和夹叙夹议文为主,偶尔涉及说明文,纯粹的议论文近三年没有涉及。
2.从题材上看,内容新颖、时尚,体现核心素养,突出“励志性、教育性和启发性”,反映正确的价值导向,彰显正能量。
全国Ⅰ
记叙文
不要对孩子说谎
229
全国Ⅱ
记叙文
主人公无意中购得两幅名家油画真迹
258
全国Ⅲ
记叙文
应对难对付的顾客
243
2019
全国Ⅰ
夹叙夹议文
保护乞力马扎罗山
260
全国Ⅱ
记叙文
帮人找回宠物狗
281
全国Ⅲ
说明文
科技改变生活
253
2018
全国Ⅰ
记叙文
大学时学习国际象棋的感悟
270
全国Ⅱ
记叙文
救人碰巧营救了自己的儿子
266
全国Ⅲ
记叙文
一条错发的短信引发的善与美的故事
260
●透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧
年份
试卷
设空方式
命题特点
联系上文
联系下文
通览全篇
2020
山东
6
7
2
1.联系上文和下文设空的题目占了约70%,结合语篇设空的题目占了约30%。
2.山东卷完全考查实词(名词、动词、形容词和副词),全国卷也以实词考查为主,介词和连词等虚词考查少;选项形式也有不一致的情况。
3.单纯考查词汇搭配、语法知识和文化背景的题目少,必须结合语境进行推断和分析。
全国Ⅰ
7
7
6
全国Ⅱ
5
8
7
全国Ⅲ
8
5
7
2019
全国Ⅰ
8
9
3
全国Ⅱ
7
11
2
全国Ⅲ
8
10
2
2018
全国Ⅰ
10
8
2
全国Ⅱ
11
7
2
全国Ⅲ
9
8
3
●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要
◆重视词汇学习。完形填空文章以及选项设计词汇量大,考查细腻。常考查词汇的拓展意义,多义词、熟词生义等都是学习的重点。
◆强化专题训练。加强针对性的专题训练,提高篇章意识,培养逻辑思维能力。完形填空多是向善、励志的文本,更要求学生能身临其境,要有很强的画面感,选题时注意文章的立意。
◆增加阅读量。大量接触地道的语言材料,体会异国文化,习惯英语的思维表达方式,培养语感。
◆兼顾“说明文和议论文”。平时训练时可侧重记叙文、夹叙夹议文的练习,但议论文、说明文也要适当兼顾。只许高考不考,不许考生不备。
题型指导 寻技法
[命题方式]
文体一　记叙文和夹叙夹议文
1.注重情感态度,彰显励志性
记叙文和夹叙夹议文完形填空素材的选择通常会注重语言材料的思想性、知识性和时代性,语言材料会突出对情感态度的表达和对文化意识的渗透,突出其“励志性”和“教育性”,反映正确的价值导向,彰显正能量。
2.叙述形式不一,情感表达细腻
记叙文完形填空多以人物思想和行为为中心,以时间或空间的变化为线索,按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。用第一人称展开叙述,让考生身临其境,以参与者的角度进行揣摩,从字里行间感受作者的态度和情感,以及其动作和行为。
3.短文情节曲折,充满正能量
夹叙夹议文或告诉读者一个道理,或引人思考,或给人乐趣。一般说来,文章记叙的内容积极时尚、情节曲折动人、富有知识性和趣味性;文章的议论部分是记叙的升华,兼具教育性和启发性。
4.利用文体特点,考查语篇层次
夹叙夹议类文章中,记叙和议论交错运用。有的是以议论引出记叙,有的是在记叙的基础上发表议论。由于记叙和议论交错运用,大大充实了文章内容,增强了文章的层次感。命题人会以此来设题,检测考生能否抓住全文结构,理清文章层次,以此考查考生对语篇层次的准确把握。
[技巧点拨]
1.研读首句,抓住全文主旨
记叙类的文章首句会交代4个“W”,即 when,where,who,what,首句往往是整篇文章的引领句,概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常具有承上启下的作用,是文章发展过程的重要线索。细读首句可以预测文章的主旨大意。记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的主题思想。对主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解,从而选出正确的答案。
【典例印证】
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“ Lost my job.Family to feed.”
解题思路从第一句可知,作者和孩子们周末去超市购物。人物、时间、地点都有介绍,让读者知道事件发生的大致情况,起到了引领全文的作用。
2.前后联系,寻找关键信息
记叙文以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅在描述事件发生的时间、空间以及人物的发展和变化。因此,考生只能借助上下文乃至全文语境来揣摩作者对各个角色和事件的态度。
【典例印证】I turned around and saw a 　　　　　woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.?
A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant
解题思路
选项意思
A.careful
细心的,精心的
B.serious
严肃的,认真的
C.nervous
紧张的,不安的
D.pleasant
愉快的,友善的
信息来源
本句下文
关键词
with a big smile on her face
剖析:D　根据下文的“with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip”可知,此处表示的是“一位友善的女士”。
3.利用语境,注意复现词汇
完形填空的命题特点之一就是词汇在具体语境中的利用。做题时,首先应准确把握词汇的意思。同时应利用好上下文重复出现的信息。这些信息有时是原词复现,有时是同义词复现、近义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及反义词用于否定句中等。
【典例印证】
Aunt Dede,a teacher,had read the book to her students,and they loved it.　Even　 the youngest children in the class were 　45　 by the story.?
45.A.surprised B.annoyed C.puzzled D.attracted
解题思路
选项意思
A.surprise
吃惊
B.annoy
烦恼
C.puzzle
迷惑
D.attract
吸引
信息来源
上文
关键词
loved
剖析:D　根据上文的“loved”可知,此处选attract“吸引”,而surprise“吃惊”,annoy“烦恼”,puzzle“迷惑”,均不符合题意。
4.通过常识,作出合理选择
记叙类完形填空题所选的文章多具有一定的故事情节和教育意义,这些语篇非常贴近学生的生活,涉及日常生活常识。考生在解题时,可以根据常识作出选择。
【典例印证】
Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man backed off and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked the 　57　 if he was needed or 　free　 to go.They let him and the other man go.?
57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver
解题思路
选项意思
A.woman
妇女
B.police
警察
C.man
男人
D.driver
司机
信息来源
文章语境和常识
关键词
fire and emergency people
剖析:B　根据生活常识,当急救人员到达后,其他临时救援的非专业人员当然要后退。Larry肯定是向警察询问。
5.体会情感,注意氛围和谐
记叙类完形填空的文章往往具有一定的感彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感彩,而这种语气和色彩多是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中,把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等,读懂作者微妙的情感和态度,抓住像luckily,however,therefore,even,still等词语,要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性,理解文章的深层含义。
【典例印证】
When we handed him the bag of food,he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.?
53.A.sleepy B.watery C.curious D.sharp
解题思路
选项意思
A.sleepy
困的
B.watery
湿润的,水汪汪的
C.curious
好奇的
D.sharp
尖锐的
信息来源
文章情感和氛围
关键词
lit up;thanked
剖析:B　通过语境可以得知,当我们把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时,他非常高兴,眼含热泪感谢我们。全文讲述的是一个令人感动的故事,因此选watery。这里指眼里满含泪水。
6.依托记叙内容,归纳议论观点
在夹叙夹议文中,叙述和议论不可分割,记叙的目的是议论;议论的目的是说明作者的观点和态度,是对记叙部分的评价或分析,是故事的升华。做题时需要把文章中的记叙和议论结合起来,保持两者的一致。
【典例印证】It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.　19　 is the best teacher.?
19.A.Experience
B.Independence
C.Curiosity
D.Interest
解题思路
选项意思
A.experience
经验;经历
B.independence
独立;自主
C.curiosity
好奇心;好奇
D.interest
兴趣;利益
信息来源
文章记叙部分
关键词
playing against the other team;a general principle
剖析:A 作者的女儿参加一项娱乐性足球赛并进入了锦标赛。周六在与水平更高的队比赛时她们队输了,但是她们的球队善于学习,周日比赛时她们表现得完全不同,居然还进一球。作者由此感慨:实践出真知,经验是最好的老师。这句话就是叙述后的议论,是升华的部分,因此填experience。
文体二　说明文
[命题方式]
1.利用文章结构,考查全文脉络
说明文以“说明”为主要表达方式,用来说明情况、阐明事理。在说明文完形填空中,作者一般是首先提出要说明的对象,如某个事物、某种现象、某项科学研究,然后按照某种顺序进行介绍或说明,给人以正确的思想或科学的知识。
2.利用说明角度,考查上下文细节
说明文所呈现的方式往往较为单一,多用现在时进行客观地说明,遣词用句简练平实。由于以上特点,这类文章的
每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面,命题人往往设置题目,考查考生对上下文内容的理解。
3.利用说明过程,考查词汇运用
作者说明事物会选择一个合适的顺序,有条不紊地对其加以说明。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序和认知顺序等。命题人往往会根据说明的过程设置题目,考查考生对词汇的理解和辨析。
[技巧点拨]
1.理清文章结构
只有理清了文章结构,了解了各部分之间的关系,才能掌握主旨大意,加深对文章的整体理解。换句话说,考生应对全文有一个清晰的概念,明白文章的各部分都是为了表达同一个主题,这样在略读时就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含义,答题就会变得轻而易举。
【典例印证】
Visitors to the dry,hot Sonoran Desert of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the many-armed giants.They are the saguaro cacti(树形仙人掌),a giant which gives the landscape its 　1　 (unique)appearance.In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years,grow to a 　2　 (height)of 60 feet,and have as many as 50 arms.?
More amazingly,the saguaro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate.Those that have grown to old age have 　3　 (lived through)droughts,freezes,flash floods,and bush fires as well as the 　4　 (damage)caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings(秧苗).Like all other desert plants,these leafless giants can store water for use during the desert’s long dry seasons by 　5　 (absorbing)water through their long roots.?
Naturally,the great saguaro cacti are a(n) 　6　 (vital)part of the desert life.Actually the giants may be 　7　 (home)to many animals.In addition,after a saguaro turns the age of 50 or so,cold-resistant flowers come out at the top of the plants once a year.These flowers 　8　 (fascinate)birds,bats and bees,which come for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds.?
Although the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest,they are unfortunately 　9　 (in danger).These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening,and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting and 　10　 (selling)them to nurseries(苗圃).To protect these southwestern 　11　 (treasures),agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and 　12　 (watch over)the desert.Without the saguaro cacti,many desert animals would suffer a lack of 　13　 (food)and loss of nesting sites.The Southwest,too,would 　14　 (lose)something of unique importance,since these desert giants have become a 　15　 (symbol)of the dry region.?
解题思路
主旨
大意
本文从形状、生活特性、经济价值等方面介绍了索诺兰沙漠的标志性植物——树形仙人掌。

第一段:概括介绍了其寿命、高度和外形,这些使之成为索诺兰沙漠独特的植被特点。
第1题选unique(独特的),说明仙人掌的特点;
第2题选height(高度),说明其外形。
第二段:介绍了其生存能力。
第3题选lived through表示“经历恶劣环境”;说明其生存能力;
第4题选damage,表示其生存的艰难;
第5题选 absorbing,表示其吸水的能力。
第三段:介绍了仙人掌对于生态环境的重要性。索诺兰沙漠树形仙人掌是很多动物的栖息地,其耐寒的花朵吸引了很多动物。
第6题选vital,表明其重要性;
第7题选home,be home to many animals“是很多动物的栖息地”;
第8题选fascinate,表明其吸引鸟、蝙蝠和蜜蜂。
?
第四段:索诺兰沙漠树形仙人掌处于危险中,应该受到保护。
第9题选in danger表示“处于危险中”;
第10题选selling,表示小偷们会把它们偷去卖钱;
第11题选treasures,说明索诺兰沙漠树形仙人掌是沙漠里的宝贝;
第12题选watch over,要好好守护这片沙漠;
第13题选food,如果没有这些仙人掌,动物就会缺乏食物;
第14题选lose,西南地区就会失去其重要性;
第15题选symbol,索诺兰沙漠树形仙人掌已经成了干旱地区的标志。
方法
总结
理清文章脉络,弄清楚每个段落的大意、段落之间的联系。做题时,要选择与这个段落主旨相一致的选项。反过来说,当不确定选哪个选项的时候,再回头看本段的意思,然后选择与之相符的内容。
2.掌握说明顺序
为了清楚、条理地说明事物,作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤,考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。
【典例印证】
First of all...Then...　2　,the pen should make a thick,dark line.Fine-line pens may compensate for bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text,as,for example,a signature on a printed letter.A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威).?
2.A.Meanwhile B.Generally
C.Afterwards D.Finally
解题思路
选项意思
A.meanwhile
与此同时
B.generally
一般来说
C.afterwards
后来
D.finally
最后
信息来源
文章说明顺序
关键词
first of all;then
剖析:D　作者为了介绍怎样选择好用的钢笔使用了过渡词first of all,then等引出相关的细节内容,然后选finally,与前面的过渡词保持一致。在说明文完形填空试题中,要特别注意文中用来举例或说明步骤、方法或过程等的单词或短语。
3.利用逻辑关系
说明文完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文之间是怎样的逻辑关系,找准关键信息词,可以帮助考生解题。
【典例印证】
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And they’ve never actually met you.Everything they know about you came through this device,sometimes from hundreds of miles away.　43　 they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.That’s how powerful the telephone is.?
43.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed
解题思路
选项意思
A.thus
因此(表示因果关系)
B.yet
然而(表示转折关系)
C.then
然后(表示时间先后顺序)
D.indeed
确实(用来加强语气)
信息来源
上下文的逻辑关系
关键词
just from
剖析:B　上文说,很多人只凭桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象,即使你们从未谋面。他们对你的一切了解都来自于这台装置,有时甚至相隔好几百英里。这里说,然而,他们感觉仅通过你的声音就能了解你是个什么样的人。thus“因此,这样”;yet“然而”;then“于是,接着”;indeed “的确;确实”。根据句意选B项。
4.理解所举事例
作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理,通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常用手法,也是做题的突破口。
【典例印证】
To find the meaning from text-based clues,you should look for clues in the sentence.A second kind of clue does not rely on specific words to indicate the meaning.This kind of context clue is called a framework-based clue.Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words helps you discover the meaning of a word or sentence.Common sense and your knowledge of the part of speech also help define unknown words.For example,the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver.What does “vehemently” 　56　?You know what 　57　 means,and you know how people feel when they argue.From this,you can figure out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong emotion or intense feelings.?
56.A.mean B.use C.contain D.complete
57.A.angry B.grateful C.happy D.anxious
解题思路
选项意思
56.
A.mean
意思是
B.use
使用
C.contain
容纳;包含
D.complete
完成
57.
A.angry
生气的
B.grateful
感激的
C.happy
高兴的
D.anxious
渴望的;着急的
信息来源
文章说明的道理
关键词
the angry driver;You know what 　57　 means?
剖析:56.A　57.A　本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词可以通过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说,常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。为了表达上文的意思,作者举例说,一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的过程中喊叫着。这里用副词vehemently来修饰动词shouted。作者这里肯定问的是:“vehemently”是什么意思呢?因此56题选A项,与下文中的“You know what 　57　 means”形成呼应。57题选A项,意思是“你知道angry是什么意思,而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受”,也与上文中的“the angry driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所述道理非常有帮助。?
文体三　议论文
[命题方式]
1.利用文体特点,考查对作者观点的理解
完形填空议论文的文体特点比较典型,首句往往是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
2.根据论点论据的一致性,考查对上下文语境的把握
一般说来,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点和论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章前后一致。命题者会根据这个前后一致的原则设置一些题目,考查考生能否将文章的论点、论据及结论有机地结合起来,并依据自己对全文的理解及各部分的逻辑关系选出正确答案。
3.依据写作手段,考查语用能力
议论文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例和对照等手段。因此,考生应根据文章结构和上下文的语境和逻辑关系作出选择。注意文章的过渡词和衔接词。
[技巧点拨]
1.先易后难,各个击破
议论文完形填空一般难度较大,可以采用“先易后难,各个击破”的办法。首先应快速浏览文章,初步了解文章的主旨大意,初步确定相对简单的题目的答案,此时,对文章意义的把握就会更加完整和准确。对于试题中较难的题目,应联系上下文,运用逻辑推理,结合已选答案所提供的信息,进行分析推敲。
2.瞻前顾后,寻觅逻辑
文章上下文的逻辑关系包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达,有的逻辑关系则隐含在句与句之间,需要分析理解。考生应该根据前后信息进行思考,拨开迷雾,准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系,理清文章的脉络,作出正确的选择。
【典例印证】
Then,as a smart student,you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study,　19　 reading and writing.If you learn to read better and write better,there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.?
19.A.chiefly B.briefly
C.actually D.occasionally
解题思路
选项意思
A.chiefly
主要地
B.briefly
简要地
C.actually
事实上
D.occasionally
偶尔
信息来源
上下文的逻辑关系
关键词
read better and write better;big benefits
剖析:A　作为一个聪明的学生,你应该努力寻求方法来提高这些在学习上使用的技能。根据下文“If you learn to read better and write better,there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.”可知,学习上的技能主要是阅读和写作。
3.分析句子,对比结构
文章的句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连,浑然一体。议论文通常围绕某一论点,通过推理、归纳、对比和分析等手法加以证明,这样就会使用各种句式或者结构。解题时,分析理清句子结构有助于理解作者的观点,会使得一些题目迎刃而解。
【典例印证】
I suppose the positive side is that solitude(隐居)is still possible for anyone who really wants it.Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many 　3　,as well as disadvantages.?
3.A.aspects
B.weaknesses
C.advantages
D.exceptions
解题思路
选项意思
A.aspect
方面
B.weakness
弱点
C.advantage
优势
D.exception
例外
信息来源
上下文的对比关系
关键词
as well as disadvantages
剖析:C　该题中as well as是一个表示并列关系的词组,所以后面的disadvantages和空格处应该是并列关系,是说有许多优点也有许多缺点,故选advantages。
[解题示例]
(2020新高考山东)
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　21　.He learned the value and beauty of 　22　 there from a very young age.?
When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　23　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　24　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　25　,the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　26　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　27　.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　28　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　29　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and 　30　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.?
　31　 young plants in the dry season was 　32　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　33　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　34　 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.?
Molai 　35　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.?
21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice
22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge
23.A.precious B.interesting
C.disturbing D.awkward
24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage
25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise
26.A.agreed B.realized
C.remembered D.predicted
27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust
28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter
29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance
30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed
31.A.Decorating B.Observing
C.Watering D.Guarding
32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial
33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side
34.A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect
35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued
解题流程
Step 1　速读文章,把握大意。
Step 2　先易后难,初定答案。
Step 3　瞻前顾后,突破疑难。
Step 4　回读全文,验证答案。
答案详解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个小村庄里有一个男子几十年如一日地在村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的家园。
21.C　Molai在印度一个小村落长大,小村落位于湿地附近,于是这些湿地就成了他的第二个家(home)。第二段中“...happening around his home”也是个提示。home“家;故乡”; dream“梦想”; job“工作”; choice“选择”。故选C项。
22.A　他从很小就懂得自然(nature)的价值和美感。nature“自然”;youth“青春”; culture“文化”;knowledge“知识”。
23.C　 16岁时,Molai开始意识到他家周围发生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。disturbing“令人不安的”; precious“珍贵的”;interesting“有趣的”;awkward“尴尬的”。
24.D　那年年初,一场洪水突袭了这一区域,洪水带来的危害(damage)驱赶了大量的鸟类。cause a damage“带来危害”。damage“危害”;waste“垃圾”;tension“紧张”;pain“疼痛”。
25.A　此外(Besides),蛇类数量也减少了。此处besides表递进关系。
26.B　他意识到(realized)这是由于缺乏足够的植被来保护它们。realize“意识到”; agree“同意”; remember“记得”;predict“预测”。
27.B　没有植被的保护,热浪(heat)袭来,蛇类减少。heat“热”; noise“噪音”;disease“疾病”;dust“尘土”。
28.D　解决的办法当然是植树来让动物们白天找到遮蔽(shelter)的地方。shelter“庇护,遮蔽”; direction“方向”;partner“同伴”;help“帮助”。
29.C　树木属于森林部门管理,所以他到森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,然而被告知那里什么也不长。
30.B　Molai只能依靠自己,他发现了(discovered)附近的一个海岛,于是开始在海岛植树。discover“发现”; rebuild“重建”; leave“离开”;manage“想方设法做到”。
31.C　干旱季节给小树浇水(watering)对于一个男孩来说的确很艰难(tough)。
32.A　tough“艰难的”;illegal“不合法的”;fantastic“难以置信的”; beneficial“有益的”。
33.B　他在每棵小树顶端(top)搭建了一个竹台。
34.D　竹台上放置了带着小洞的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。collect“收集”;cool down“冷却”; keep off“不接近”;purify“(使)净化”。
35.D　 此后的37年间,Molai一直继续植树。continue“继续”;return“回到”;learn“学习”;fail“失败,没有能够”。
真题演练 明趋势
Unit 1
A
(2020全国Ⅰ改编)
Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 　1　 is obvious.If we admit it is a door,they’ll want to go outside 　2　.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 　3　.But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 　4　 millions of requests to open the door.?
I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 　5　 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 　6　.?
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 　7　.I have a very strong 　8　 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.Windows and doors have 　9　 metaphorical(比喻) meanings.I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 　10　 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(机会) of some sort,and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 　11　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door?”That is,“What if it isn’t a 　12　 opportunity?”?
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.But the 　13　 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.I should just 　14　 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can’t go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　15　 to open them and walk through.?
1.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case
2.A.gradually B.constantly
C.temporarily D.casually
3.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth
4.A.reviewing B.approving
C.receiving D.attempting
5.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out
6.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
7.A.restrictions B.explanations
C.differences D.consequences
8.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt
9.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original
10.A.life B.time C.reply D.history
11.A.get hold of B.stare at
C.knock on D.make use of
12.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited
13.A.safety rule B.comfort zone
C.bottom line D.top secret
14.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept
15.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以孩子们学走路时,向他们传输错误的概念为例,领悟到父母应守底线,不应该对孩子们说谎。
1.C　自从双胞胎刚开始学走路,“我”和妻子就不停地告诉他们“我”们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗子。理由(reason)是显而易见的。reason“理由”;relief“安慰”;target“目标”;case“事件”。故选C项。
2.B　如果“我”们承认滑动玻璃门是一扇门,他们会不断地想出去。constantly“重复不断地”;gradually“逐渐地”;temporarily“暂时地”;casually“偶然地”。故选B项。
3.D　根据下文可知,孩子们显然知晓(事情的)真相(truth)。truth“真相”;result“结果”;danger“危险”;method“方法”。故选D项。
4.D　但是“我”们坚持说那仅仅是一扇窗子,这使得他们放弃了尝试(attempting)开门的请求。attempt“尝试”;review“复习”;approve“同意”;receive“收到”。故选D项。
5.C　“我”讨厌对孩子说谎,有朝一日,孩子们会醒来(wake up),并发现他们关于对窗户的认知是一个谎言。wake up“醒来”;win out“胜出”;give up“放弃”;stand out“脱颖而出”。故选C项。
6.B　从上文“I hate lying to the kids.”可得到提示。lie“谎言”;dream“梦想”;fantasy“幻想”;fact“事实”。故选B项。
7.D　不管结果(consequences)如何,总是告诉孩子们真相。consequence“结果”;restriction“约束”;explanation“解释”;difference“差异”。故选D项。
8.B　“我”有一种非常强烈的担心(fear),“我”们说的谎话会给孩子们带来精神上的伤害。最后一段第一句“Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.”是个提示。故选B项。
9.B　“窗”和“门”都有重要的(important)比喻含义。故选B项。
10.A　此处表示如果他们日后生活(life)中遇到比喻含义的“门”。由下文“Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　　　to open them and walk through.”也可得到提示。故选A项。?
11.B　孩子们只是瞪着眼睛凝视(stare at),并疑惑“那如果不是一扇门会怎样?” stare at“瞪着眼睛凝视”;get hold of“抓住”;knock on“敲击”;make use of“利用”。故选B项。
12.A　那如果不是真的(real)机会会怎样? 故选A项。
13.C　或许这是一个不合理的担心,但底线(bottom line)是“我”不应该对孩子们说谎。bottom line“底线”;safety rule“安全规则”;comfort zone“舒适区”;top secret“绝密”。故选C项。
14.D　“我”应该接受(accept)反复强调“不,“我”们现在还不能出去。 accept“接受”;delay“延迟”;regret“后悔”;enjoy“享受”。故选D项。
15.C　当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时,无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门,他们都不会犹豫不决,而会勇敢打开并成功跨越。hesitate“犹豫”;hurry“匆忙”;decide“决定”;intend“打算”。故选C项。
B
(2020全国Ⅱ改编)
It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo,”whose real name cannot be 　1　 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws,finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)”　2　 by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.There,among many other things,Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 　3　 above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 　4　 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.?
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily,he 　5　 the paintings with him.He hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.His son,age 15,who had 　6　 an art appreciation class,thought that there was something 　7　 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought,but when he 　8　 it,he only found “Bonnard,”a French 　9　 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 　10　 as his father’s painting.?
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father.They 　11　 learned that the painting they owned was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”They 　12　 the other painting and learned that it was 　13　 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”The 　14　 called the Italian Culture Ministry;the official confirmed that the paintings were 　15　 and worth as much as $50 million.?
1.A.attached B.allocated C.exposed D.submitted
2.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run
3.A.nice B.familiar C.useful D.real
4.A.battled B.debated C.discussed D.bargained
5.A.held B.left C.registered D.brought
6.A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led
7.A.concrete B.unusual
C.unappealing D.natural
8.A.appreciated B.touched
C.researched D.witnessed
9.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
10.A.room B.kitchen C.hall D.garden
11.A.apparently B.confidently
C.eventually D.temporarily
12.A.collected B.cleaned C.framed D.studied
13.A.suitably B.actually C.rightly D.specifically
14.A.girl B.artist C.family D.police
15.A.copies B.originals C.models D.presents
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Nicolo在下夜班的路上,参与了一个拍卖活动,花32美元买了两幅画。若干年后,Nicolo的这两幅画被证明是名家名作,价值五千万美金。
1.C　根据句意可知,由于意大利的隐私法,主人公的真名不能暴露在公众面前。be exposed to“暴露于”。
2.D　根据句意可知,这次拍卖活动是由意大利警方负责经营管理的。run“经营;管理”。
3.A　Nicolo注意到两幅画,他觉得如果把这两幅画放在餐桌上方,可能看起来很漂亮。
4.A　根据下文出现的won一词可知,Nicolo和另一个出价者开始较量起来,此处battle是动词,意为“较量”。
5.D　根据下文内容可知,这两幅画一直跟随着Nicolo,因此,他退休后搬家时,把这两幅画一起带走了。
6.C　此处表示Nicolo 15岁的儿子曾经参加过一个艺术鉴赏课。
7.B　根据下文内容可知,这幅画是名家的作品,所以此处表示Nicolo的儿子觉得这幅画有些不同寻常。
8.C　根据上文可知,Nicolo的儿子一开始以为签名是Bonnato,但仔细研究发现,是Bonnard。
9.A　此处表示这个名字是Nicolo的儿子以前从未听说过的一个法国画家的名字。
10.D　根据上文出现的a garden chair可知,此处答案为garden。
11.C　此处说明的是父子二人最终了解到的事实真相,所以用副词eventually。
12.D　根据下文内容可知,另一幅画也是名家作品,可见父子俩对另一幅画也进行了仔细研究。
13.B　Nicolo当初用32美元买下两幅画,他并不知道这两幅画的价值。此处表示实际上第二幅画也是大师的杰作。
14.C　Nicolo一家人得知这两幅画不同寻常,立刻给意大利的文化部打电话。
15.B　此处表示经有关人员证实,这两幅画都是真迹,并非赝品,价值大约五千万美金。
【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆
①do spiritual damage to...对……造成精神上的伤害
②bottom line底线
③be exposed to sb让某人知道……
④privacy laws隐私法
⑤take an art appreciation class上艺术欣赏课
⑥original n.原件,原作
Unit 2
A
(2020全国Ⅲ改编)
As a businesswoman,I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection,　1　 can also drive you mad.They’ll come rushing in,saying their handbag’s been stolen.They’ll 　2　 that they left it in the changing room,create havoc(混乱) and then 　3　 it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have out half the 　4　 in the shop,and want the only style you don’t have left in a 　5　 colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get,but I try to persuade them to keep 　6　.?
I remember the first really 　7　 customer we had at Covent Garden.She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather 　8　 that she became a “regular”.After a while,she 　9　 for the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split up with her husband the week before,was living in a flat by herself,and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对),she’d taken it out on 　10　 people.?
That taught me a valuable 　11　 and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.Don’t take it 　12　.If a customer is rude or difficult,just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not 　13　.”Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get in the way.If you do,you won’t be able to 　14　 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 　15　 everyone’s day.?
1.A.shopkeepers B.customers
C.salespersons D.receptionists
2.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear
3.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume
4.A.foods B.catalogues
C.belongings D.goods
5.A.particular B.different C.matching D.natural
6.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing
7.A.generous B.polite C.careless D.difficult
8.A.relaxed B.delighted
C.surprised D.embarrassed
9.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized
10.A.rude B.such C.other D.lonely
11.A.lesson B.trick C.skill D.trade
12.A.kindly B.secretly C.personally D.casually
13.A.ready B.away C.up D.well
14.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame
15.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与顾客打交道时,有时候会感觉非常气愤,甚至发疯。不过经历一件事之后,作者学会了如何应对“难缠”的顾客了。
1.B　根据上文“I care deeply about my customers”可知,此处是在讲作者与顾客之间的事情。但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你发疯。
2.D　agree“同意”;promise“许诺”;imagine“想象,设想”;swear“发誓,咒骂”。他们会信誓旦旦地说把包落在了更衣室。
3.C　后来发现(discover)包是落在了车里。
4.D　他们把商店里几乎一半的商品(goods)都看个遍,结果想要的是你唯一没有存货的那个特别颜色的款式。
5.A　particular“独特的,特别的”;different“不同的”;matching“相配的”;natural“天然的,自然的”。这里指顾客想要的东西恰巧是自己没有存货的那个特别颜色的款式。
6.B　根据but前的upset可知,这里表示无论你多么郁闷,都要保持微笑(smiling)。
7.D　此处是在讲作者在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难对付的顾客。difficult意为“难对付,难缠”之意。
8.C　不过令作者惊讶(surprised)的是,这位顾客成了她店里的常客。
9.D　结合下文的内容可知,这位顾客为自己一开始的行为道歉(apologized)了。
10.C　这位顾客把自己的闷气发泄在了其他(other)人身上。
11.A　结合下一句内容“作者教给别人如何应对顾客”可知,这里指作者从这次经历中获得了经验教训(lesson)。
12.C　Don’t take it personally意为“别太当回事”。
13.D　此处指我们应该站在顾客的角度考虑问题,这样她也许就不会生气了。也许她和丈夫吵架了,也许是她孩子的身体不太好。
14.C　stress“强调”;expect“期望”;handle“解决”;blame“责怪”。如果你这样做(自我设限)的话,就无法解决问题了。
15.A　整个事情会发展成不愉快的场面,破坏每个人一天(的心情)。ruin意为“毁坏,破坏”,符合语境。
B
(2020浙江改编)
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.I use a small tractor to get about.My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I 　1　 a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my land.The lamb had become separated from its 　2　,so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.?
Lamb and mother 　3　,I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.This was so 　4　 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.　5　 Don had somehow made the vehicle move.?
My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 　6　.I ran desperately but failed to 　7　.It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.The 　8　 thing I saw was Don’s face,looking calmly back at me.?
Heart in mouth,I 　9　 the fence and looked over.The tractor was 　10　 against the crash barrier in the central reservation,having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 　11　 road with fast-flowing traffic.I couldn’t see Don,but as I 　12　 the tractor he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me.?
The police 　13　 and the motorway ran normally again.I couldn’t quite believe my luck —it turned out no one got badly hurt,but the outcome could have been 　14　.Don was given a special 　15　 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.?
1.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned
2.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother
3.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined
4.A.unexpected B.dangerous
C.embarrassing D.difficult
5.A.Fortunately B.Generally C.Immediately D.Obviously
6.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill
7.A.take off B.catch up
C.hold back D.get out
8.A.real B.best C.basic D.last
9.A.fixed B.noticed C.reached D.closed
10.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning
11.A.steep B.long C.rough D.busy
12.A.abandoned B.approached
C.recognized D.repaired
13.A.arrived B.replied
C.survived D.waited
14.A.common B.confusing C.desirable D.awful
15.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直在山坡放羊。一天作者开着拖拉机带着他的狗去田地的路上发现了一只走散的小羊。于是,作者下车去照看小羊,把自己的狗留在了车上。后来作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈。令作者意想不到的是,自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶,害怕狗造成严重的后果。幸运的是,狗没有受伤,也没有给其他人造成伤害。
1.B　下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以作者是无意中“发现”了一只迷路的小羊。drop“落下”;spot“发现”;carry“搬”;return“返回”。故选B项。
2.D　根据下文 “Lamb and mother”可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。kid“小孩”;friend“朋友”;owner“主人”;mother“母亲”。故选D项。
3.C　下文说作者转过身去看拖拉机,因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了。free“使自由”;switch“转变”;reunite“重聚”;examine“检查”。故选C项。
4.A　上文说作者看见拖拉机突然离开了自己,下文提到作者跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以这让作者感到“出乎意料”。unexpected“出乎意料的”;dangerous“危险的”;embarrassing “使人尴尬的”;difficult“困难的”。故选A项。
5.D　根据“while Don stayed in his seat”可知“我”跳下车,照顾小羊的时候,Don还坐在他的座位上。很显然,是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。fortunately“幸运地”;generally“通常”;immediately“立即”;obviously“显然”。故选D项。
6.B　根据上文提到“...near where a motorway cuts through my land.”可知此处指“高速公路”。crowd“人群”;motorway“高速公路”;field“旷野”;hill“小山”。故选B项。
7.B　根据“I ran desperately”和“It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.”可知作者没有追上拖拉机。take off“起飞”;catch up“追上”;hold back“阻止”;get out“出去”。故选B项。
8.D　此处指Don平静地看着“我”,这是“我”最后看到的事情。real“真实的”;best“最好的”;basic“基本的”;last“最后的”。故选D项。
9.C　根据“and looked over”可知“我”抵达了栅栏。fix“固定”;notice“注意”;reach“抵达”;close“关”。故选C项。
10.A　根据“the crash barrier in the central reservation”可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。rest“倚靠”;run“跑”;park“停车”;turn“转动”。故选A项。
11.D　根据“fast-flowing traffic”可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。steep“陡峭的”;long“长的”;rough“粗糙的”;busy“繁忙的”。故选D项。
12.B　下文提到作者的狗冲回作者身边,所以作者一定是“接近”了拖拉机。abandon“抛弃”;approach“接近”; recognize“意识到”;repair“修理”。故选B项。
13.A　下文提到高速公路的运行又恢复了正常,可知是警察到达后处理的结果。arrive“到达”;reply“回答”;survive“幸存”;wait“等待”。故选A项。
14.D　根据生活常识可知,动物开车上了高速路,结果是令人非常可怕的。common“普通的”;confusing“混乱的”;desirable“令人向往的”;awful“可怕的”。故选D项。
15.A　根据下文“I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.”可知作者不想让Don认为自己生他的气,所以作者给他提供了一顿特别的晚餐。meal“餐;饭食”;test“测验”;job“工作”;lesson“教训”。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆
①be displeased with...对……不满意
②a regular一位常客
③split up with sb与某人分手/离婚
④cope with...应对……,处理……
⑤have a row with sb与某人吵架
⑥water sth down让某事平息下来
⑦become separated from...与……分离
⑧tend to sth照顾,照料
⑨heart in one’s mouth某人非常担心
⑩look over查阅,检查
Unit 3
A
(2019全国Ⅱ改编)
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home,following a weekend of hunting,Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen 　1　 alongside the road.He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but,frightened,it had 　2　.?
Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that 　3　 dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove back.After a long and careful search,Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 　4　 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 　5　.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.?
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 　6　 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 　7　 number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 　8　 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 　9　 their dog.?
Jeff had 　10　 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog,Rosie,but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days.?
Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 　11　 enough to go to that kind of 　12　,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 　13　.?
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 　14　 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog,I’d hope that somebody would be 　15　 to go that extra mile.”?
1.A.fighting B.trembling C.eating D.sleeping
2.A.calmed down B.stood up
C.rolled over D.run off
3.A.injured B.stolen C.lost D.rescued
4.A.cautiously B.casually
C.skillfully D.angrily
5.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
6.A.predicted B.advertised
C.believed D.recorded
7.A.house B.phone C.street D.car
8.A.called B.copied
C.counted D.remembered
9.A.fed B.adopted C.found D.cured
10.A.hunted B.skied C.lived D.worked
11.A.cares B.sees C.suffers D.learns
12.A.place B.trouble C.waste D.extreme
13.A.service B.plan C.effort D.team
14.A.equal B.allergic C.grateful D.close
15.A.suitable B.proud C.wise D.willing
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走丢的宠物狗的故事。
1.B　根据下文可知,这是一只走丢的狗,所以trembling符合语境。根据下文的coax和frightened可排除A、C、D三项。
2.D　根据上文的frightened可知,狗害怕了,由常识推知,它应是跑开了。
3.C　根据第三段的“...as lost in the local paper.”提示可知,此处应填lost。
4.A　上文提到这是一只走丢的狗,结合上一段中的frightened可知,此处填cautiously(小心翼翼地)符合语境。
5.B　根据replaced以及下文的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.”可知,所填的词应该是和Nervousness and fear意思相反的词,浏览选项可知B项符合语境。
6.B　根据下文的“The ad...”提示可知,此处应填advertised。此处为同义复现。
7.B　根据下文的“Ehlers 　　　the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them...”可知,广告上有电话号码。?
8.A　由于广告上有电话号码,Ehlers要告诉他们,自然要给他们打电话。call“(给……)打电话”。
9.C　根据上文可知,他找到了那条狗。所以此处应是Ehlers在电话里告诉对方他找到了狗。
10.A　根据下文提到的“...but the gun shots had scared the dog off.”可知,Jeff和他的狗一起外出狩猎,所以填hunted。
11.A　根据上文可知,Ehlers回到Minnesota后,驱车100英里到达Minneapolis,把狗送上了去Michigan的航班。由此可知,此处填cares符合语境。
12.B　由上题解析可知,Ehlers费了很大劲把小狗送回主人身边,此处用短语go to the trouble(不辞劳苦)符合语境。
13.C　此处指Ehlers为救这只走丢的狗而做出的努力,所以填effort。service“服务”;plan“计划”;team“团队”。
14.D　此处讲述的是Ehlers当时的想法,他认为丢狗的人和狗的关系就如同他和自己的狗一样亲近。be close to“和……亲近”。
15.D　此处是Ehlers提出了一种假设,如果他的狗走丢了,他希望也有人会愿意像他那么做。be willing to do“乐意做某事”。
B
(2019浙江改编)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually,the 　1　 the idea is,the more it gets noticed.And that’s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.?
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe,surviving 　2　 on discarded(丢弃) food.The three-month,1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 　3　 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.?
As you can imagine,the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants throw away tons of food each year,much of it remains inaccessible because of 　4　 garbage containers,health regulations,or business policies.Only about one in ten places 　5　 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal reasons,most restaurants have a policy against 　6　 food waste.“Some people have even 　7　 their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.?
What’s 　8　 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 　9　 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There,he had to 　10　 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 　11　 is all the more serious when you consider the 　12　 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.?
“I have to get food fast because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 　13　,”Dubanchet explained.“Is my 　14　 full or empty?That is the most important thing,not what I am eating.”?
He aims to 　15　 his journey by mid-July.With any luck,he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.?
1.A.cleverer B.older C.stranger D.simpler
2.A.secretly B.finally C.entirely D.probably
3.A.purpose B.way C.opinion D.dream
4.A.locked B.damaged C.connected D.abandoned
5.A.bought B.offered C.ordered D.sold
6.A.begging for B.giving away
C.hiding D.causing
7.A.did B.kept C.accepted D.risked
8.A.hardly B.usually C.particularly D.merely
9.A.easiest B.nearest C.biggest D.richest
10.A.work B.shout C.ask D.jump
11.A.competition B.conversation
C.conflict D.challenge
12.A.adequate B.rewarding
C.demanding D.suitable
13.A.spirit B.energy C.time D.effort
14.A.stomach B.hand
C.pocket D.basket
15.A.arrange B.restart C.report D.finish
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文报道了一名法国人为提高欧洲甚至全世界人们对食物浪费的意识,在骑车环游欧洲时靠吃食物垃圾填饱肚子的事情。
1.C　根据第二段第一句中的“surviving 　　　on discarded(丢弃) food”可知,此处应填stranger,意为“想法越奇特,越能引起人们的注意”。?
2.C　根据第三、四段讲述Baptiste Dubanchet在旅行途中向餐馆要食物垃圾填饱肚子的艰辛可知,此处应选entirely,表示“完全靠丢弃的食物来生存”。
3.B　根据第一段第一句“There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.”可知,此处应选way,意为“方法,方式”。
4.A　根据空前的“much of it remains inaccessible”可知,餐馆扔掉的大多数都很难要到。所以选locked,即扔掉的食物被放在“封闭的”容器里。
5.B　根据本段最后一句中的“giving me food”可知,此处填offered,意为“给他提供要扔掉的食物”。
6.B　根据下一句中的“by giving me food”可知,此处应用giving away,意为“赠送”。
7.D　根据上一句可知,大多数餐馆都有规定反对赠送食物,所以有些人冒着失去工作的风险给“我”食物,应填risked,意为“冒着……的风险”。
8.C　句意:特别有趣的是不同的城市对待Dubanchet的事业的态度。根据句意可知选C项。hardly“几乎不”;usually“通常”;particularly“尤其,特别地”;merely“仅仅,只”。
9.A　根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知,与the most difficult形成对比的应是easiest。
10.C　向商店或餐馆索要食物,应用ask,意为“请求”。
11.D　此句继续讲述他索要食物垃圾填饱肚子的难度,应填challenge,意为“挑战”。词组all the more意为“更加”。
12.C　句意:当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的运动量时,这种挑战就更加严峻。此处填demanding,意为“要求高的;费力的”。
13.B　根据空前的“after all the biking I am tired”可知,“我需要能量”。此处填energy,意为“能量”。
14.A　句意:我的胃是满的还是空的?根据下一句“That is the most important thing,not what I am eating.”可知,此处填stomach,意为“胃”。
15.D　根据第二段第一句“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe...”,可知他的旅行正在进行中。由此判断,此处填finish,表示“结束,完成”。
【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆
①be replaced with...被……所取代
②in vain徒劳,白费力气
③put sb to a flight to...让某人搭乘去……的飞机
④raise awareness for...提高对……的意识
⑤get noticed引起注意
⑥precisely adv.准确地
⑦survive on...靠……生存
⑧no piece of cake不容易
⑨inaccessible adj.无法获取的
⑩garbage container垃圾箱
?health regulation医疗监管
?one in ten十分之一
?a demanding exercise一项要求很高的活动
Unit 4
A
(2019全国Ⅲ改编)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year.?
“Of course,we 　2　 it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is blue,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 　3　 day.”?
But that changed when a system of high-tech 　4　 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 　5　 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 　6　.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central 　8　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 　9　,Rjukan residents gathered together.?
“People have been sitting there and standing there and taking 　10　 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 　11　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 　12　 the sunshine at the same time.　13　,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 　14　 residents.?
“It’s not very big,” she says,“but it is enough when we are 　15　.”?
1.A.only B.obviously
C.nearly D.precisely
2.A.fear B.believe
C.hear D.notice
3.A.cloudy B.normal
C.different D.warm
4.A.computers B.telescopes
C.mirrors D.cameras
5.A.remembered B.forecasted
C.received D.imagined
6.A.repair B.risk
C.rest D.use
7.A.forbids B.directs
C.predicts D.follows
8.A.library B.hall
C.square D.street
9.A.appeared B.returned
C.faded D.stopped
10.A.pictures B.notes
C.care D.hold
11.A.new B.full
C.flat D.silent
12.A.block B.avoid
C.enjoy D.store
13.A.Instead B.However
C.Gradually D.Similarly
14.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving
C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved
15.A.trying B.waiting
C.watching D.sharing
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了挪威的Rjukan小镇由于安装了高科技反射镜系统,享受到了久违的阳光。
1.C　根据上文提到的“from late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan有将近六个月接受不到阳光照射,故选nearly,意为“几乎,差不多”。only“唯一的;仅有的”; obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确地; 恰好地”。
2.D　根据下文中的“We see the sky is...”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到了这一点。notice“注意;留意”;fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选D项。
3.A　根据上文中的“but down in the valley it’s darker”可知此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。
4.C　根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer that...”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反射镜系统,mirror意为“镜子”。 computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。
5.C　根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。
6.D　根据上文中的“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射阳光,此处用固定搭配put...to use“利用……”。故选D项。
7.B　根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射镜旋转。
8.C　根据下文中的“The town square was totally 　11　.”可知,应该是反射镜系统将集中的光线反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近600平方米的光区。?
9.A　根据上文中的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”可知,当光线出现(appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。
10.A　居民聚集到广场,或坐,或站,互相拍照(pictures)。take pictures“拍照”;take notes“记笔记”;take care“照顾”;take hold“抓住”。
11.B　根据下文中的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知来到广场上的居民很多,因此整个广场是满的。故选B项。
12.C　根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测3,500位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block“阻止; 阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。
13.B　根据下文中的“more than enough”可知此处表示转折,因此选B项,意为“然而”。instead“代替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。
14.D　根据上文可知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民。
15.D　此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(share)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观看”。
B
(2019全国Ⅰ改编)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 　1　 with them lots of waste.The 　2　 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　3　 of Kilimanjaro.?
Hearing these stories,I’m 　4　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.?
However,I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　5　 among tons of rubbish.I find a 　6　 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 　7　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　8　.?
The best of a Kilimanjaro 　9　,in my opinion,isn’t reaching the top.Mountains are 　10　 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 　11　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,giving way to lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 　12　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 　13　 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.　14　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.?
Does Kilimanjaro 　15　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.?
1.A.keep B.mix
C.connect D.bring
2.A.stories B.buildings
C.crowds D.reporters
3.A.position B.age
C.face D.name
4.A.silent B.skeptical
C.serious D.crazy
5.A.equipment B.grass
C.camps D.stones
6.A.remote B.quiet
C.tall D.clean
7.A.new B.special
C.significant D.necessary
8.A.paying off B.spreading out
C.blowing up D.fading away
9.A.atmosphere B.experience
C.experiment D.sight
10.A.studied B.observed
C.explored D.regarded
11.A.view B.quality
C.reason D.purpose
12.A.changes B.clears
C.improves D.permits
13.A.match B.imagine
C.count D.add
14.A.Obviously B.Easily
C.Consequently D.Finally
15.A.enjoy B.deserve
C.save D.acquire
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了由于人满为患、乱扔垃圾,作者担心乞力马扎罗山的美名不副实。可喜的是,当地政府的努力有了回报,山脉生态在慢慢恢复之中。
1.D　由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with“带来”。故选D项。
2.C　由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。
3.C　由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。
4.B　根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。
5.C　此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。
6.D　本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。
7.C　前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选C项。
8.A　本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。pay off“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spread out“展开;铺开”;blow up“爆炸”;fade away“逐渐消失”。故选A项。
9.B　由上文第二段中的“...other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。
10.D　由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as...“被视为……”。故选D项。
11.A　本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。
12.A　由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。故选A项。
13.C　由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。
14.D　由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,low growing plants,thick grass,highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(类北极地带),故选D项。
15.B　文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗?“我”发现恰恰相反。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆
①six months out of the year 一年中有六个月
②high-tech adj.高科技的
③resident n.居民
④be put to use 被使用
⑤sun-starved adj.急需阳光的
⑥be skeptical about...对……持怀疑态度
⑦tons of rubbish大量的垃圾
⑧give way to...给……让路,被……替代
⑨envelope v.覆盖,遮住
⑩shades of green绿荫
Unit 5
A
(2018全国Ⅰ改编)
During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 　1　 the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesn’t want to save a few dollars?More than that,I’d always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I weren’t 　2　 enough about free credits,news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 　3　 I would be learning from one of the game’s best.I could hardly wait to 　4　 him.?
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 　5　 was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 　6　 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 　7　 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 　8　 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,　9　,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 　10　 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.?
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,I’m still putting to use what he 　11　 me:“The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 　12　.On every single move you have to 　13　 a situation,process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 　14　 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my 　15　 as a journalist.?
1.A.put forward B.jumped at
C.tried out D.turned down
2.A.excited B.worried
C.moved D.tired
3.A.urged B.demanded
C.held D.meant
4.A.interview B.meet
C.challenge D.beat
5.A.chance B.qualification
C.Honor D.job
6.A.real B.perfect
C.clear D.possible
7.A.attend B.pass
C.skip D.observe
8.A.add B.expose
C.apply D.compare
9.A.eventually B.naturally
C.directly D.normally
10.A.game B.presentation
C.course D.experiment
11.A.taught B.wrote
C.questioned D.promised
12.A.grades B.decisions
C.impressions D.comments
13.A.analyze B.describe
C.rebuild D.control
14.A.announce B.signal
C.block D.evaluate
15.A.role B.desire
C.concern D.behavior
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者上大二期间,跟着一位国际大师学习思维棋。作者不仅学到了下棋的技巧,而且也学到了超越课堂的生活技巧。
1.B　根据上文提到的“a ‘free’ course”和下文的“who doesn’t want to save a few dollars”可知,作者也想省钱,所以急于接受这个主意。jump at“急于接受”符合语境。put forward“提出”;try out“试验”;turn down“拒绝”都与语境不符。
2.A　上文作者提到他总是想学棋,结合前面表达让步关系的连词词组even if可知,此处填excited。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”。
3.D　指导老师是国际大师,这就“意味着”作者会跟着下棋最好者之一学习,所以选D项。
4.B　此处表达作者当时的急切心情:迫不及待想见到那位老师,所以选B项。
5.D　根据上文的“a former graduate returning to teach”以及下文的“...no game for him; he meant business”可知,此处指的是他的这份工作。
6.C　make it clear that...“说明白;讲明白”,可看作是固定句式。
7.B　根据下文的“we had to write a paper...(我们必须要写一篇论文……)”可知,此处指的是“通过这门课程”,所以选B项。attend“上(课)”;skip“逃(课)”;observe“观察”都不符合语境。
8.C　根据下文的“to our future professions”可知,此处为“apply...to...”短语,意为“把……应用到……上”。
9.A　句意:我们需要写一篇如何计划把课上学到的东西应用到未来的职业中,最后应用到我们的生活中。根据句意可知选A项。eventually“最后”;naturally“自然地”;directly“直接地”;normally“正常地”。
10.C　文章第一句中的“I was told that the education department was offering a ‘free’ course”中有提示。此处为原词复现。
11.A　根据指代关系可知,此处的he指的是作者的指导老师Ashley,所以选A项。
12.B　make decisions“做决定”。此处意为“下棋最重要的技巧是做决定”。grade“分数”;impression“印象”;comment“评论”。
13.A　根据空格后面的宾语“a situation”可知,此处指“分析局势”。analyze“分析”符合语境。
14.D　上文提到要分析局势,判断对手在做什么,因此要在你所有的选择中评估出最佳的一步。evaluate“评估”符合语境。
15.A　根据下文的“as a journalist”可知,作者现在是记者。由此判断,此处填role,意为“角色”。desire“欲望;愿望”;concern“关心”;behavior“行为”都与语境不符。
B
(2018全国Ⅱ改编)
Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 　1　 seen him.So imagine my 　2　 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.?
I was 　3　!I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.The bay was 　4　 in sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak(皮划艇) was in 　5　.“Something’s not 　6　!”I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was 　7　 violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped 　8　 the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,something 　9　 to me.Those brown eyes were very 　10　.“What’s his name?”I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied,and immediately I knew.That stranger was my son!?
The instructors called for an ambulance.　11　,after a brief stay in hospital,Ben was well enough to be allowed to 　12　 and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben 　13　 to me.“I just want to say thank you,”he said.“You 　14　 my life!”?
I still can’t believe what a 　15　 it was.I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son.?
1.A.also B.often
C.even D.last
2.A.delight B.relief
C.anger D.worry
3.A.scared B.shocked
C.thrilled D.ashamed
4.A.bathed B.clean
C.deep D.formed
5.A.trouble B.advance
C.question D.battle
6.A.real B.right
C.fair D.fit
7.A.arguing B.fighting
C.shouting D.shaking
8.A.lead B.persuade
C.carry D.keep
9.A.happened B.occurred
C.applied D.appealed
10.A.sharp B.pleasant
C.attractive D.familiar
11.A.Fortunately B.Frankly
C.Sadly D.Suddenly
12.A.return B.relax
C.speak D.leave
13.A.joked B.turned
C.listened D.pointed
14.A.created B.honored
C.saved D.guided
15.A.coincidence B.change
C.pity D.pain
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与儿子多年未见,首次约好见面,竟然巧合地从水里救了儿子一命,儿子异常感激。
1.D　两周前,“我”刚与儿子取得联系,他与“我”13年未见。此处表示,距离上一次见面,已经相隔了13年。also“也”;often“经常”;even“甚至”;last“上一次”。故选D项。
2.A　根据上文可知,“我”与儿子13年未见,再相见,必定会非常高兴。delight“高兴,快乐”;relief“宽慰”;anger“愤怒”;worry“担忧”。故A项符合语境。
3.C　根据上文可知,与儿子再次见面,“我”很高兴,也很激动。scared“害怕的”;shocked“震惊的”;thrilled“激动的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。故选C项。
4.A　根据句意可知,此处表示:海湾沐浴着阳光。bathed“沐浴的”;clean“干净的”;deep“深的”;formed“成形的”。故选A项。
5.A　be in trouble为固定短语,意为“处于危险之中”。
6.B　根据语境可知,此处表示“我”发现了异常。real“正确的”;right“正常的”;fair“公平的”;fit“合适的”。故选B项。
7.D　根据上下文可知,两位教练在皮划艇上,皮划艇中间横躺着一个人,这个人摇晃得很厉害。argue“争论”;fight“斗争”;shout“大声喊叫”;shake“摇动”。
8.C　“我”与其中一位教练联手,帮忙把这个人从水中抬出来,故选C项。lead“带领”;persuade“说服”;carry“搬运”;keep“保持”。
9.B　此处sth occur to sb是固定搭配,意为“某人突然想起某事”,故选B项。
10.D　根据后文可知,这个小男孩正是“我”的儿子,因此,当“我”看到他的眼睛时,会感到似曾相识,故选D项。sharp“锋利的”;pleasant“令人愉快的”;attractive“有吸引力的”;familiar“熟悉的”。
11.A　根据后文的“well enough”可知,最后儿子康复了,这是很幸运地。fortunately“幸运地”;frankly“坦白地”;sadly“悲伤地”;suddenly“突然地”。故选A项。
12.D　根据上文的“stay in hospital”可知,现在儿子康复了,准许出院了,即可以离开了,故选D项。
13.B　根据后文可知,此处表示儿子郑重地向“我”致谢,因此,应该是转向“我”,故选B项。
14.C　纵观全文可知,“我”跳入水中,救了儿子,故选C项。
15.A　“我”救儿子一事,整件事情的发生实属巧合,故选A项。coincidence“巧合”;change“改变”;pity“遗憾”;pain“疼痛,努力”。
【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆
①jump at the idea 迫不及待地接受这个想法
②more than that不仅如此
③international grandmaster 国际大师
④mean business 认真,当真
⑤make it clear that...说明清楚,表明……
⑥hard-earned adj.来之不易的
⑦call for an ambulance叫救护车
⑧meet up for dinner 聚在一起吃晚饭
Unit 6
A
(2018全国Ⅲ改编)
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “sorry,　1　number!”and move on.But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him,he did something　2　.?
On March 19,Dennis got a group text　3　him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital,