Unit 5 Nelson Mandela---a modern hero Grammar 课件（定语从句)

(共54张PPT)
语法知识
定语从句
Grammar
But the one million people of the city, who thought of little these events, were asleep as usual that night.
It was felt in Beijing , which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Can you figure out the similar laws/rules of these sentences structure
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Can you find the similar sentences in para4
The team won the game finally.
who were wearing green
the Attributive Clause
the relative
the antecedent
1、定语从句（The Attributive Clause)：
在句中作定语，修饰某一名词或代词(甚至整个主句)的从句。
引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。
被定语从句所修饰名词或代词 。
一、定语从句及相关概念
2、先行词（Antecedent)：
3、关系词(Relatives)：
二、定语从句中关系词及其作用
Relative Pronouns:
Relative Adverbs:
who, whom, which, that, whose, as
when, where, why
I’ll never forget the days we spent together.
关系词的作用：
1、指代作用：指代先行词；
2、连接作用：连接主从句；
3、成分作用：在从句中充当 。
which
一定的成分
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you know the reason why she was late.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined
the league.
on which
in which
for which
关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
主语
宾语
定语
6. I like the person to whom you just talked.
5. China is not the country that used to be.
介宾
表语
宾语
关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
7. He is such a nice person as is popular.
主语
Returning from the holiday, my classmates are talking excitedly about the places ____________ they paid a visit.
找 出先行词
代之入从句
(补充)使完整
替入关系词
具体步骤:
which
三、定语从句中关系词的选择
[定人要用 who(主)whom (宾);
定物which当先行;定人定物that行;介词后that行不通.]
Is this the factory _________you visited last year
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
(that/which)
Is this factory ________ you visited last year
(the one)
A. that B. which C. where D. to which
二、用法
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who(主格), whom（宾格）, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
boy
the handsome
the tall
the strong
the clever
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is handsome is Tom.
The boy who is tall is Tom.
The boy who is strong is Tom.
The boy who is clever is Tom
a) 他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。
①He is the man.
②I saw him yesterday.
He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
b) 你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？
①Do you know the man
②He is standing over there.
Do you know the man who is standing over there
（ ）
（ ）
§The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)
§The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.
The boy who has a round face is Tom.
§The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.
The man who sits in front of me is Tom.
§The woman got the job.
The woman can speak German.
The woman who can speak German got the job.
§The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)
§The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.
The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.
§The teacher will give us a talk.
We met the teacher yesterday.
The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
§The boy is in the lab.
You want to talk to him.
The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab. 或
The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
▲The scientist we met yester- day is very famous in the world.
▲The scientist whom we met yes- terday is very famous in the world.
▲The scientist who we met yes- terday is very famous in the world.
▲The scientist that we met yes- terday is very famous in the world.
2）whose 用来指人或物。 例如：
a) 小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。
（ ）
①Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.
②His father is an engineer.
Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class.
注意：定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面（即定语从句所修饰的词）
3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 例如 ：
a) 这是 我们去年参观的 工厂。
（ ）
①This is the factory.
②We visited it last year.
This is the factory which / that we visited last year.
可以省略
说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
b) 这是 去年建造的 工厂。
（ ）
①This is the factory.
②It was built last year.
This is the factory which / that was built last year.
不可以省略
§Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.
§Can you lend me the book
You talked about it last night.
Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night. 或
Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night
§Do you find the pen
I wrote with it just now.
Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now
★which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
★介词提前时只能用which 而不能用 that
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点
或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
a) 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
①I still remember the day.
②On that day I joined the army
I still remember the day when I joined the army.
或
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
b) 这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。
（ ）
①This is the house.
②We lived in it last year.
This is the house where we lived last year. 或
This is the house in which we lived last year. 或
This is the house which we lived in last year.
c) 你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？
（ ）
①Do you know the reason
②He was late for that reason.
Do you know the reason why he was late 或
Do you know the reason for which he was late
2）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when, where, why 来引导定语从句。 例如：
这是我们去年参观的地方。 ······①
这是我们去年工作的地方。 ······②
a)
vt.
vi.
①This is the place which / that we visited last year.
②This is the place where we worked last year.
我仍然记得我入团的那一天。
我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。
b)
①I still remember the day when I joined the League.
②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.
3、判断关系代词与关系副词
　
方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
　
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
　
方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的
成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
A. where　B. that　 C. on which D. the one
例1. Is this the museum _____ you visited a few days ago
例2. Is this museum _____ you visited a few days ago
A. where　B. that　 C. on which D. the one
B
D
4、关系代词 that 的用法
1）不用 that 的情况 介词后不能用。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that / which we get our food from.
2）只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代 词的情况
A. 为以下情况时，只用that,不用which或who(m)
1.先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything， etc。
2.先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything (that) he had stolen.
e.g. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
5.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时，用that。
6. 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复，用that.
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
e.g. Which of the books that are borrowed from the library is yours
e.g. Who was the man (that) she danced with
B. 为以下情况时，只用who(m), 不用that
1. 当先行詞是those / she / he / they 等代詞时,
关系代詞用who.
Those who were late for class raise your hands.
2. 关系词指人，且在介词的后面，只能用whom。
Jack is the boy to whom we should offer help.
He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall is not a true man.
C. the way 做先行词时
I don’t like the way __________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
the way
in
which
the way 做先行词，在从句中做状语时，关系词可用in which, that, 或者省略。
Practice:
1. The factory __________ owner is from Shanghai is very big.
A. which B. where C. whose D. of which
2. The boss ______________ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
in which　　　　 B. in that　　　　　
C. in whose　　　　 D. whose
the boss
’s
’s
the factory
whose
whose
in
3. This is the house ___________ the window was broken yesterday evening.
A. of which B. to which C. whose D. in which
the house
of
which
Practice:
In the dark street, there wasn’t a person _____ whom she could turn for help.
The wolf ____ which the sheep was killed was shot.
Ours is a beautiful school, _____ which we are proud.
The speed_______ which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
the wolf
by
of
a beautiful school
the speed
at
His bike _____ which he went to work was stolen last night..
his bike
on
a person
to
D. 固定短语不可拆
This is the book which I’m looking for.
This is the book for which I’m looking.
1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom　　　　
C. of whose　 D. whose　　
D
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that　　 B. who　　　　
C. from whom　　 D. to whom　　　
D
定语从句练习
3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that　 D. when　
B
4.He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this　　 B. which C. that　　 D. same
B
5.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _____ I got wet through. A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
B
6.I don’t like _____ you speak to her. A.the way that B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of that
A
下面请看定语从句语法（二）
The Attributive Clause
定语从句专项练习
1.This is all ____ I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2.Is there anything else ____ you want A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
A
B
B
4.He talked happily about the men and books _____ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books ___.
A.that have ever been written
B.that has ever been written
C.that has written
D.that have written
B
A
A
7.He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything ____ he saw on the way to the Paris.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
8.Is oxygen（氧气） the only gas _____ helps fire burn
A.that B. / C.which D.it
9.Is there anything _____ to you
A.that is belonged B.that belongs
C.which belongs D.that belong
B
A
B
1.The scientist and his achieve- ments（成就）_____ you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose
2.Which of the books _____ were borrowed from him is the best A.which B.what C.that D.whose
B
C
3.Do you know who lives in the building _____ there is a well
A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which
4.I’ll never forget the day ____ I joined the League.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which
5.The woman _____ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom
C
A
B
4.Jeanne was her old friend, ____ she borrowed a necklace.
A. from who B. from whom
C. to that D. to whom
5.His glasses, _____ he was like a blind man（盲人）, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
B
C
6.She is a teacher of much know- ledge, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
7.He built a telescope（望远镜）_____ he could study the skies.
A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it
8.Do you know the reason ____ he was late D. for which
A. that B. which C. for what
D
C
D
9.I have bought two ball-pens, ____ writes well.
A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them
10.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that B. by which C. which D. with which
11.The book, _____ which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.
B
A
for
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（习惯搭配），再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断。
结论:
①Is this the factory _____ you visited last year
②Is this factory ____ you visited last year
1.
a. that b. where c. in which d. the one
2.
①All ____ I need is a good rest.
②You know ____ I need is a good rest.
what b. all what
c. that d. which
a
d
c
a
3.
①Mr Smith is one of those forei- gners who____ working in China.
②Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ____ work- ing in China.
a. is b. has c. have d. are
4.
①Pisa is a city, ____ has a lean- ing tower.
②Pisa is a city, ____ there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there
d
a
a
c
5.
①This is the place ____ we visit- ed last year.
②This the place ____ we worked last year.
which b. where
c. in that d. there
6.
①The news ________ he told us was very exciting.
②He told us the news ____ our team had won the game.
a.what b.as c.that d.which
a
b
c / d
c