小升初英语专题精讲 阅读理解—单项选择（超全精编版）（共25张PPT）

【专题课件】小升初英语专题精讲
第三十三讲 阅读理解—单项选择（超全精编版）
Lead in
同学们，阅读理解在小学英语试卷中占有10%~ 15%的比例，它的重要性不言而喻。因此，重视阅读训练和掌握阅读题的解答技巧,对提高你们的英语能力至关重要。那么究竟该如何提高呢?
Lead in
2.考查把握文章的事实与细节的能力;
3.考查根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力;
4.考查推断文章作者意图和态度的能力;
下面让我们一起来学习阅读理解的解题方法与技巧吧!
让我们先来看看阅读理解题主要考查哪些方面的内容:
1.考查归纳文章的主要内容和大意的能力;
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一、阅读方法
首先，通读全文，了解大意。读完后快速浏览题目及选项，看试题都涉及哪些内容，从而明确细读目标。
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一、阅读方法
然后，细读全文，查找信息。针对具体问题，适当放慢速度，理清线索，搞清关系。对仍有疑问的题目要再次回到文中仔细推敲，比较文中表述与题目表述的异同。也可以结合作者的写作意图，从整体把握主要信息。什么是主要信息呢? 一般是指文中的 who(谁)、when(什么时候)、where(什么地方)、why(为什么)、what(什么)以及how(怎样)等内容。当然，每篇阅读材料都有自己的侧重点，我们要仔细推敲,灵活应对。
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一、阅读方法
最后，重读全文，仔细检查。答案初步确定后，应再通读一遍短文，认真核对答案是否与文中表述及题目要求相符，如有错误，要及时纠正。
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二、解题技巧
阅读理解常见的设题方式有:单项选择、判断正误、回答问题和完成句子。下面就这几种常见题型分别讲解相关解题技巧。
单项选择
单项选择是在短文后给出几个问题或者不完整的句子，要求学生在正确理解短文内容的基础上,从所给选项中选出一个最佳答案。 让我们来看下面这篇文章:
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(南通海门)Jack is a 20-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. He usually works until ten o'clock in the evening. He is very tired. He often has supper quickly, then he goes to bed and soon falls asleep.
One day, he met his friend Mary on his way home. They were both happy. He asked the girl to his house, and she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future. They talked for a long time.
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"Look at your watch, please," said the girl.“What time is it now?"
"Sorry, something is wrong with my watch," said Jack. "Where's yours?"
"I left it at home."
Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the foor "Bang!Bang! Bang!"
The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstair (在楼下)，"It's twelve o'clock at night. Why are you still jumping upstairs?"
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阅读短文，选择正确答案
( )1. Jack was _______ when he finished middle school.
A. sit B. eighteen C.twenty
( )2. From the story, we can know Mary is Jack's ________.
A. classmate B. sister C.aunt
( )3. The word"stamp "in the story means _______ in Chinese.
A.盖印 B. 跺 C.贴邮票
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阅读短文，选择正确答案
( )4. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order to(为了)_________.
A. make his grandma angry
B. let his grandma tell him the time
C. let his grandma buy him a watch
( )5. Jack and Mary talked about ___________.
A. their school, teachers and classmates
B. their future
C. A and B
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首先我们阅读全文,把握整篇文章大意:杰克是个20岁的小伙子,两年前中学毕业,在一家商店工作,每天工作到十点钟。一天,他邀请同学玛丽到他家玩,他们一直聊到很晚,不知道是什么时间,杰克有个好主意,他使劲地在地板上跺脚,他奶奶在楼下大喊“现在是十二点了,你为什么还在楼上跳啊?”。
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了解完大意之后我们再来测览问题,从文章中寻找解题信息。
( )1. Jack was _______ when he finished middle school.
A. sit B. eighteen C.twenty
B
解析：第1小题属于细节理解题,根据文中
"Jack is a 20-year old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop.”
知道杰克现在是20岁,两年前中学毕业,由此可以推断出他两年前是十八岁,故答案为B。
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( )2. From the story, we can know Mary is Jack's ________.
A. classmate B. sister C.aunt
A
解析：第2小题也属于细节理解题,此类题目在阅读理解题中占一定的比例，解题时,要迅速找到细节所在部分。该题根据“ And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future."这句话中的“ their school, teachers, classmates"这一细节信息可以知道他们是同班同学,故答案为A。
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( )3. The word"stamp "in the story means _______ in Chinese.
A.盖印 B. 跺 C.贴邮票
B
解析：第3小题根据“He began to stamp his foot on the floor, 'Bang!Bang!Bang!'"这句话可知杰克在地板上跺脚,地板发出“砰”“砰”“砰”的声音,故答案为B。
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( )4. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order to(为了)_________.
A. make his grandma angry
B. let his grandma tell him the time
C. let his grandma buy him a watch
B
解析：第4小题文章没有明确给出我们答案,这时我们可以采用排除法来解题。我们要排除与文章内容不符的选项,排除两个选项后确定正确选项。该题中首先可排除A选项和C选项,“杰克跺脚是为了使他奶奶生气”“杰克跺脚是为了让他奶奶为他买块手表”,这两句话明显和文章内容不符,因此排除A、C项,故答案为B。
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B
解析:第5小题,依据文中“ And they talked about their school,teachers, classmates and their future."可知,他们既谈论了学校情况,又谈论了他们的未来,故答案为C。
( )5. Jack and Mary talked about ___________.
A. their school, teachers and classmates
B. their future
C. A and B
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要做好阅读理解除了要遵循以上要求,还要注意以下几点:
1.忌不带问题。做阅读理解题时,应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍。然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。
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要做好阅读理解除了要遵循以上要求,还要注意以下几点:
2.忌草率行事。在设计理解题时，设计者往往在三至四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑同学们。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。处理的方法是:对所给的备选答案进行分析比较，在理解阅读材料内容的基础上进行去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。
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要做好阅读理解除了要遵循以上要求,还要注意以下几点:
3.忌主观印象。少数阅读理解题只需根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数则不然，同学们必须按照原文来选定答案。因此，同学们在做后一种测试题时 ，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰.注意文章的深层含义即文章的寓意，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。
(浙江金华)The City Mouse and the Country(乡村) Mouse
There are two mice. They are good friends. One lives in the country, and the other lives in the city.
Last Sunday, the city mouse visited the country mouse in the country. He went to the country by car. There are many rivers in the country. They went fishing together. But at last the city mouse said: “ I don’t like your house. It’s very small. I don’t like your food. It’s too salty. You must come to my home in the city. It’s bigger than yours.”
Homework
(浙江金华)The City Mouse and the Country(乡村) Mouse
So the country mouse went to the city yesterday. He saw many tall buildings. The city mouse’s house is big and new. There is a bed, a mirror and a big closet. There is a new air-conditioner. It’s cool. When they were eating some cakes, the city mouse shouted suddenly(突然地), “Hurry up(赶快). The cat is coming. Run! Run! ”
The country mouse said to the city mouse, “ Your home is nice but not safe(安全的). I like living in the country. ”
Homework
（ ）1.The city mouse’s house is _________ than the country mouse’s.
A. taller B. shorter C. bigger
（ ）2. There are many ________ in the country.
A. buildings B. rivers C. air-conditioners
（ ）3. When did the city mouse visit the country?
A. Yesterday B. last Sunday C. Tomorrow
（ ）4. How did the city mouse go to the country?.
A. On foot B. By bus C. By car
C
B
B
C
Homework
（ ）5. Which house is safe?
A. Country mouse’s house B. City mouse’s house
A
Homework
一、阅读方法
二、解题技巧
阅读理解常见的设题方式有:单项选择、判断正误、回答问题和完成句子。下面就这几种常见题型分别讲解相关解题技巧。
单项选择 单项选择是在短文后给出几个问题或者不完整的句子，要求学生在正确理解短文内容的基础上,从所给选项中选出一个最佳答案。