(共21张PPT)
Reading
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods，he began to gather information.In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40)．He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this，so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame.
Next，John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这一挑战，解决这一问题。他知道在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。病毒从胃部开始迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。因此在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就着手准备对此调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，约翰·斯诺开始搜集信息。他发现特别在两条街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查清原因。
他首先在地图上标注出所有死者曾住过的确切地点。该图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者都住在布洛德街上的水泵附近(尤其是这条街上的16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住户(如布洛德街20号和21号及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。他未预料到这种情况，于是他做了进一步调查。他发现这些人是在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工。酒馆为他们供应免费啤酒，因此他们没喝布洛德街水泵里的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。他发现水来自于河里，这条河被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。约翰·斯诺立即告诉布洛德街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是通过细菌传播而非气团传播。
在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。她和她的女儿在喝了这些水后，都死于霍乱。利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司也得到指示再也不能让人们接触污染水了。“霍乱王”终于被击败了。
Using Language
COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried to ignore them，all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion：that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop，move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it，gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against God ’ s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity，which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
哥白尼的革命性理论
尼古拉·哥白尼被吓坏了，他心里非常困惑。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的计算都得出一个同样的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。然而他不能告诉任何人他的理论，因为强大的基督教甚至会因为他提出这样一个想法而惩罚他。他们相信是上帝创造了世界，因此地球是很特殊的，它一定是太阳系的中心。
问题就随之产生了，因为天文学家们注意到天空中的某些行星好像能停下来，向后运行，然后再向前做环形运动。其他行星有时好像亮些，有时好像又暗一些。假若地球是太阳系的中心并且所有行星都围绕它运行，那么这种现象就非常奇怪了。
哥白尼对这些问题苦苦思索很久并竭力要找出答案。他搜集了对星星的观察数据并利用他所有的数学知识来解释它们。但只有他的新理论能解释这一点。因此在1510年至1514年他对此进行研究，逐步改进他的理论直至他认为完善为止。
1514年他私下让他的朋友们看了他的理论。他对旧理论做的修改是革命性的。他把一颗固定的恒星放在太阳系的中心，让行星围绕它运转，只有月球是绕地球运转的。他还提出地球在绕太阳运转的同时也进行着自转，这就解释了行星运动的变化以及星星的亮度变化。他的朋友们热心地鼓励他把他的想法发表出来，但哥白尼非常谨慎。他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。
他小心当然是正确的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，声称它违背上帝的旨意，那些支持它的人要受到攻击。然而哥白尼的理论现在已成为我们建立宇宙观的基础。他的理论取代了基督教地心引力的说法，这种说法宣称物体掉到地上是因为上帝把地球创造为宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这显然是错误的。现在人们可以看到他的理论与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、史蒂芬·霍金的研究有着直接的联系。(共69张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Language points
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude (sth.) with sth./by doing sth.以……结束(某事)
①I concluded from their words that they were against the plan.
我从他们的话中推断出他们反对这项计划。
②She concluded her talk with a funny story.
她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。
[拓展延伸]
(1)come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
(2)draw a conclusion得出结论
(3)come to the conclusion that...
所得结论是……；断定……
(4)in conclusion最后
③From what is said above，we can draw a conclusion.
由上面所说的，我们可以得出一个结论。
④I’ve come to the conclusion that he’s not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。
⑤In conclusion，I would like to thank my parents.
最后，我想感谢我的父母。
1.(2011·三明高二检测) He________the conclusion with the ________evidence and presented it at the conference.
A．draws；supporting B．drew；supporting
C．came to；supported D．reached；supported
解析： 句意为：他用有力的证据得出这个结论，并在会议上展示。supporting evidence是“有力证据”的意思。由presented可看出时间应为过去。
答案： B
defeat
(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
①(教材原句P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”．
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。
②Zhang Yining defeated Wang Nan in the Beijing Olympics.
在北京奥运会上张怡宁打败了王楠。
③Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。
④Lack of money defeated my plan.缺钱使我的计划落空。
(2)n.失败，挫折
⑤Our team suffered another defeat.
我们的队再次失败。
[辨析] defeat，beat与win
(1)defeat与beat都接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，但beat侧重于比赛中击败对手，defeat既可以指比赛，也可指战场上战胜对手。
(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常接宾语：game，war，prize，fame，battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。
⑥I tried to beat/defeat him but he was too much for me.
我想打败他，但力不从心。
⑦She was determined to win the race.
她决心要赢这项竞赛。
2.It is raining heavily outside.I can hear the rain ________ against the windows.
A．striking B．defeating
C．beating D．hitting
解析： 本题考查一组相似动词的辨析。句意为“我能听到雨击打着窗户”。雨击打窗户有连续不断之意，故用beat。提示：心跳也用beat。
答案： C
3．Our team________the home team and won the game，which inspired us a lot.
A．won B．hit
C．defeated D．Struck
解析： 考查动词辨析。defeat意为“打败，击败”，其宾语是人、组织或团队。win指赢得奖项，胜利，比赛等，其宾语不是表示人的名词或代词，而是表示比赛活动的各词如the game，the match等；hit指重重地打击，敲打或击打对方某部位，着重“击中”的含义；strike指任何形式的“打”，多为一次性或连续性的短暂动作。
答案： C
attend vt.& vi.
(1)照料，护理(病人)；侍候
attend on/upon sb.照顾某人
(教材原句P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
His mother is ill，so he has to attend on/upon her.
他母亲生病了，因此他必须照顾她。
(2)出席；参加
Will you attend the meeting tomorrow
你明天去出席那个会议吗？
They had a quiet wedding and only a few friends attended it.
他们举办了一个安静的婚礼——只有几个朋友参加。
(3)attend to sb./sth.处理，对付；接待(顾客)；专心，注意
Attend to your work and stop talking.
专心工作，不要说话。
Excuse me，but I have an important matter to attend to.
对不起，我有件要事要办。
4.完成句子
你能不能立刻处理这件事？
Could you________ ________this matter immediately
答案： attend to
5．The professor is rich in knowledge and humorous，so we all like to________his lecture.
A．join B．attend
C．take part in D．join in
解析： 考查动词辨析。attend意为“参加，出席”；join意为“加入(团体或组织)”；take part in意为“参加某活动”；join in意为“加入某行列中一起做某事”。根据句意“……我们都喜欢听他的课”可知B项正确。
答案： B
expose vt.
(1)使暴露于；揭露；显露；使接触
expose sb.to sth.使某人暴露于……；使某人接触到某物
be exposed to...暴露于…
①(教材原句P2) But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
②Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time is harmful to your skin.在阳光下暴晒很长时间有害于皮肤。
③Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long.You will get burnt.别在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤的。
④We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。
(2)揭露
⑤I threatened to expose him to the police.
我威胁要向警察检举他。
6.As we all know，women do not________their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries.
A．cover B．keep
C．expose D．protect
解析： 题意是指一些中东国家的妇女不把脸部露在外面。expose意为“暴露”。
答案： C
cure
(1)n.治疗，治疗法，(人)恢复健康
①(原句教材P2) Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。
②Prevention is better than cure，so please start looking after your heart from now on.
治病不如防病，因此，请从现在开始照顾好你的心脏吧。
(2)vt.治疗；治愈；治好
cure sb.of sth.使某人恢复健康；消除某人的心理问题
cure sb.使某人恢复健康；纠正，消除(弊病等
③Will you be able to cure him，doctor
医生，你能把他治好吗？
④Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.
父母试图改掉孩子的恶习。
[辨析] treat与cure
(1)treat表示治疗的过程，不表示结果。
(2)cure强调结果，意为“治疗、治愈”，常与of连用
⑤The doctor treated her cancer with a new medicine，but didn’t cure her.医生用一种新药为她治癌症，但没把她治好。
7.完成句子
Sooner or later，scientists will find out________ ________ ________ ________(治疗癌症的方法)．
答案： a cure for cancer
8．—Has the doctor________her illness
—No，he________her but didn’t________her.
A．cured；treated；treat
B．cured；cured；treat
C．treated the old woman for；treated；cure
D．cured the old woman of；treated；cure
解析： 考查cure与treat的用法区别。cure sb.of sth.与treat sb.for sth.为固定搭配。cure强调治好，治愈；treat治疗，强调过程。句意为：“那个医生治好她的病了吗？没有，他给她治疗了，但没有治好。”
答案： D
absorb vt.
(1)专注，聚精会神
be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事
①I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call.
我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。
②Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
(2)吸收
absorb...into...把……吸收入……
absorb sb.’s attention吸引某人注意
③(教材原句P2)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
④The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。
9.(2011·长沙高二检测)When I entered，I found my father ________on the sofa and________in a magazine.
A．sitting；absorbed B．sit；absorb
C．sitting；absorbing D．sat；absorbed
解析： 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。第一个动词sit与father之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。第二个动词absorb与father之间是被动关系，即父亲被杂志所吸引，故用过去分词。
答案： A
10．完成句子
他专心读报，连门铃也没听见。
He was________ ________ ________the newspaper to hear the bell.
答案： too absorbed in
blame
(1)vt.责备；指责；把……归咎于
be to blame (for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎到某人身上
①(教材原句P2) It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
②Which driver was to blame for the accident？
哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？
③Don’t always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时该怪你自己。
(2)[U] 过失；责备
bear/take the blame承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某
④You must bear the blame for the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
11.完成句子
(1)她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。
She blamed him________the failure of their marriage.
＝She blamed the failure of their marriage________him.
(2)他将这次考试的失败归咎于他的老师。
He________ ________ ________ ________his failure in the exam on his teacher.
答案： (1)for；on (2)put the blame for
announce vt.
(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)
announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that...宣布……；通知……
It is announced that...据宣布…
①(教材原句P3) With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
②Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.
请通知你们班明天不上学。
③It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。
(2)(事情)显示……；预告
④The bright flowers announced that spring was here.
鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
[拓展延伸] announcement n．宣布；口头通知
make an announcement下通知
⑤Attention，please！I have an announcement to make.
大家请注意，我有事要通知！
12.完成句子
当他宣布竞赛的优胜者时，大家都静静地倾听。
Everyone was silent as he________ ________ ________ ________the competition.
答案： announced the winner of
put forward
(1)提出(想法、观点、理由等)
①(教材原句P1) Who put forward a theory about black holes
谁提出了黑洞理论？
②The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。
③He put forward a suggestion that the concert should be put forward.他提议将音乐会提前。
④Remember to put your clock forward tonight.
记住今晚把时钟指针往前拨。
[拓展延伸]
put aside节省(钱、时间)；储蓄；把……放在一边
put off延期；推迟
put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭
put up搭建；张贴；举起
put up with忍受；忍耐
13.(2011·汕头高二检测)No one has________anything better than the plan now under consideration.
A．put up with B．come up
C．put forward D．come up to
解析： 本题考查一组相似动词短语的辨析。句意为“迄今没有人提出比正在考虑的计划更好的方案”。put forward意为“提出”。come up出现，想出，后应接介词with。
答案： C
14．The sports meet will be________till next week because of the bad weather.
A．put off B．put away
C．put up D．put forward
解析： 本题考查一组相似动词短语的辨析。根据语境“由于恶劣天气和直到下星期”可判断“运动会将被推迟”。put away储存；put up举起；张贴；put forward提出，提前，均不合题意。
答案： A
link...to...把……与……连接；联系
①(教材原句P3)In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
②The new bridge being built now will link the island to the mainland.这座正在建的新桥将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
③The economy of our country is closely linked to that of the world.我们国家的经济与世界经济是密不可分的。
④Television stations around the world are linked to each other by satellites.全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。
⑤There is a direct link between the disease and diet.
这种疾病和饮食之间有直接的联系。
15.完成句子
我下定决心去发现这种物质与皮肤癌有密切关联的一些科学证据。
I am determined to find some scientific evidences that the material________ ________ ________ ________skin cancer.
答案： is closely linked to
16．The policemen are looking for people________the accident which happened last night.
A．referred to B．related to
C．linking to D．connecting to
解析： 此题考查动词过去分词作定语的用法。根据语意判断，此处应为“与事故有关的人”。
答案： B
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。
neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.
法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。
③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.
＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.
吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。
17.(2008年辽宁卷)Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neither B．neither was I
C．I was either D．either was I
解析： 句意为：Bill对Jason做推迟提交报告这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)，neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.表示某人也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I 句式，故选B。
答案： B
18．Neither I nor Jane and Mary________tired of having one examination after another.
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
解析： 本题考查neither...nor连接两个主语时的主谓一致问题。根据邻近原则be动词应与Jane and Mary一致，故用复数are。
答案： B
19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
解析： 考查固定句型。句意为：如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不参加。“neither＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它须与否定句连用。
答案： B
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次疾病暴发，都有数以万计的人死掉。
(1)本句为复合句，“So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each time，the last time，next time，the moment，the minute，immediately，instantly等。
①Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.
我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③The last time I saw him，he was quite well.
我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。
④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.
下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。
[拓展延伸] (1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时。
(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
⑤It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.
该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
20.(2011·浙江宁波高二检测)Each time________they met，they would talk long hours together.
A．which B．when
C．during D．/
解析： 句意为：他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。each time＝every time“每当，每次”，在句中起连词作用，可直接引导时间状语从句。
答案： D
21．While he is still a child，he always keeps calm________ he meets difficulty.
A．the moment B．immediately
C．while D．every time
解析： 考查时间副词在句中充当连词引导时间状语从句的用法。A、B两项结构虽然符合要求，但其意为“一……就……”；while可引导时间状语从句，但它必须和延续性动词连用；every time表示“每次；每当”。结合句意“尽管他还是一个孩子，但每当遇到困难，他总能保持冷静”，可知D为最佳选项。
答案： D
To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
(1)prevent..(from) doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”。
①What can we do to prevent the disease spreading.
我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？
②We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.
我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。
(2)suggest表示“建议”，其宾语从句的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，该句中的should被省略了。
③They suggested that she make a working plan.
他们建议她做一份工作计划。
④His sleepy look suggested that the man was tired of his work and we suggested he (should) have a rest.
他困倦的表情显示这个人工作累了。 我们建议他休息一下。
名师指津：
⑤The expression on her face suggested that she was frightened.
她脸上的表情表明她很害怕。
suggest 提议，建议 suggest doing
suggest that sb.(should) do(从句中常用虚拟语气)
suggest 表明，暗示 suggest that clause.(从句中用陈述语气)
22.(2010·白鹭州高二检测)Her pale face suggested that she ________badly ill and I suggested she________to hospital without delay.
A．be；should be sent B．was；be sent
C．be；was sent D．was；was sent
解析： 本题考查suggest不同词义时后面的接续关系不同。第一个suggest意思是“暗示”，故用陈述语气。而第二个suggest意思是“建议”，应用虚拟语气，即should do的结构。
答案： B
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What made you ________(怀疑) her of having taken the money.
答案： suspect
2．Over the years we’ve become quite e________at dealing with these sorts of problems.
答案： expert
3．People with heart problems should talk to the p________ before making the trip.
答案： physician
4．The________(受害者) received head injuries from which she died a week later.
答案： victim
5．I don’t know who sent the gift，but I’ll make some ________ (询问)．
答案： enquiries
6．I wouldn’t like to live in the________(附近) of an airport.
答案： neighbourhood
7．This is a school for children with________(严重的) learning difficulties in the town.
答案： severe
8．The government has________(宣布) plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
答案： announced
9．If we can________ (打败) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.
答案： defeat
10．You will be________(指示) where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
答案： instructed
Ⅱ.词组替换
1．A：The manager came_up_with the most effective way to solve the problem.
B：The manager________ ________the most effective way to solve the problem.
答案： put forward
2．A：The new highway being built will connect our town with the city of Tianjin.
B：The new highway being built will________our town________the city of Tianjin.
答案： link；to
3．A：The book ended_with a happy ending.
B：The book________ ________ ________ a happy ending.
答案： was concluded with
4．A：The judge concluded from the evidence that the man was guilty (有罪的)．
B：The judge________ ________ ________ from the evidence that the man was guilty.
答案： drew a conclusion
5．A：I can’t say certainly that his theory is wrong.
B：I can’t say________ ________that his theory is wrong.
答案： with certainty
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________ ________ ________ ________ ________(他和我都不) going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
答案： Neither he nor I am
2．To our surprise，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(每次我们分析这个问题)，a different result appears.
答案： every time we analyse the problem
3．Tom felt that he himself________ ________ ________(应负责任) for the traffic accident.
答案： was to blame
4．We made further investigations and soon________ ________ ________(得出结论)．
答案： drew a conclusion
5．I suspect that there was something wrong with the engine used for________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(从矿井里抽水)．
答案： pumping water out of the mine
6．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(为阻止此类事故再次发生)，I suggested all vehicles be examined.
答案： To prevent such accidents from happening again
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠(共41张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
过去分词作定语和表语
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，表被动或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
fallen leaves落叶 retired workers退休工人
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．分词作定语的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
My friend is a returned student.
我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
(＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
注意：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no ＋thing/ body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those，these等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved？还有没解决的问题吗？
3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：
(1)语态上不同：现在分词表主动意义，过去分词多表被动意义。
surprising news使人吃惊的消息
surprised listeners吃惊的听众
(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the changing world正在发生变化的世界
the changed world已经变化了的世界
二、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或特征，多位于连系动词的后面。这些系动词有be，remain，feel，grow，become等。
She looked tired with cooking.
她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
I was delighted to be invited to her party.
我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。
注意：有些过去分词作表语用，相当于形容词，最常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，astonished，hurt，interested，crowded，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised，worried，excited，married，puzzled，upset等。
3．英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
①The story they heard over the radio was very moving.
他们从收音机里听到的这个故事很感人。
②She was moved by his speech.她被他的演说感动了。
③They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
④The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice.主席用一种兴奋的声音宣布了这个令人激动的消息。
⑤Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.
艾丽丝脸上带着一种迷惑的表情读了这封信。
(2010·陕西卷)His first book________next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
解析： 句意为：他的第一本书下个月就要出版了，这本书是根据一个真实故事写的。由时间状语next month可以得出，这里表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式；book与publish之间又是被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式。
答案： B
(2010·福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A．sticking B．stuck
C．to be stuck D．to have stuck
解析： 句意为：四月份，由于火山灰云的影响，成千上万的度假者被滞留在海外。空格处用过去分词struck表示“被卡住”，引申为“被滞留”，符合句意；现在分词表示动作正在进行；动词不定式表示将要发生的动作，不符合句意。
答案： B
(2010·课标全国卷)Mrs White showed her students some old maps________from the library.
A．to borrow B．to be borrowed
C．borrowed D．borrowing
解析： 句意为：怀特老师给学生们看了一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。old maps与borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，由句中的动词showed可知此动作已经发生，可排除不定式短语作后置定语，即可排除A、B两项；D项表示主动或进行，也不符合语境；C项表示被动或完成，符合语境。
答案： C
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Having never met with such a________problem，he felt________and didn’t know how to solve it.
A．puzzling；puzzled B．puzzled；puzzling
C．puzzling；puzzling D．puzzled；puzzled
解析： puzzling令人迷惑的；puzzled感到迷惑的。
答案： A
2．(2010·三明高二检测)He got________when he thought about helping people________to cholera.
A．inspiring；exposing B．inspired；exposing
C．inspiring；exposed D．inspired；exposed
解析： get在句中作系动词后跟表语，结合句意可知第一个空应选inspired(受启发的，受鼓舞的)，而不是inspiring(鼓舞人心的)；exposed to cholera为过去分词短语作定语修饰people。
答案： D
3．It is believed that if a book is________it will surely ________the reader.
A．interested；interest
B．interesting；be interested
C．interested；be interesting
D．interesting；interest
解析： 第一空表“有趣的”，作表语，说明主语的性质特点，应填形容词interesting；第二空缺谓语，应填动词interest。
答案： D
4．(2011·临沂高二检测)The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party________.
A．involved B．to be involved
C．involving D．having involved
解析： 考查过去分词作后置定语。invole与其所修饰的中心词party构成被动关系，故A项正确。B项为不定式的被动语态，表示尚未发生的动作，与语境不符。
答案： A
5．The autumn wind sent the________leaves on the ground ________in the sky.
A．fallen；flying B．falling；to fly
C．fallen；flown D．falling；flew
解析： fallen leaves落叶，这里的fallen只表完成，不表被动；falling leaves意为“正在下落的叶子”；flying为现在分词作宾补，send sth.flying意为“使某物飞起来”。
答案： A
6．The student________forward to going abroad for further study.
A．referred to looks B．referred to look
C．refers to look D．referring to look
解析： referred to在这里是过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词，相当于定语从句who is referred to，句子主语是the student，所以谓语动词用单数。
答案： A
7．It was such a________job that I really felt________.
A．tiring；tiring B．tired；tired
C．tiring；tired D．tired；tiring
解析： 考查非谓语动词。tiring令人感到疲倦的，多修饰物；tired感到疲倦的，多修饰人。
答案： C
8．It is one of the funniest things ________ on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding B．being found
C．to find D．found
解析： 句意为：这是迄今为止在互联网上被发现的最有趣的事情。found为过去分词作定语，修饰things，它们之间存在被动关系。
答案： D
9．We finished the run in less than half the time________.
A．allowing B．to allow
C．allowed D．allows
解析： 本题考查过去分词作定语。time和allow之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
答案： C
10．They were________at the________child，for he was so addicted to the Internet that he stayed up till 12 o’clock every night.
A．disappointed；disappointed
B．disappointing；disappointing
C．disappointed；disappointing
D．disappointing；disappointed
解析： 考查非谓语动词作表语和定语。表示“使某人感到失望”要用be disappointed at...，过去分词disappointed在be动词后作表语；表示个人或事物的特征或个性时用disappointing，disappointing在句中作child的定语。
答案： C
11．The teacher must be________with our performance in the experiment，which can be seen from the________ expression on his face.
A．satisfying；satisfying B．satisfied；satisfying
C．satisfied；satisfied D．satisfying；satisfied
解析： 本题考查过去分词作定语和表语。第一个空表达“老师对我们的演出感到满意”；第二个空的含义是“满意的表情”，因此都用satisfied。
答案： C
12．Prices of daily goods________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A．are bought B．bought
C．been bought D．buying
解析： 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意可知空白处应填一个非谓语动词与through a computer构成短语作goods的后置定语。由于goods“货物”是“被购买的”。因此，应该用一个过去分词作定语，表被动的含义。
答案： B
13．The Town Hall________in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A．to be completed B．having been completed
C．completed D．being completed
解析： 用过去分词表示被动完成，由句意知选C。
答案： C
14．Mr Smith，________of the ________speech，started to read a novel.
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring
解析： “使动词”的过去分词一般修饰人，现在分词一般修饰物。本题中第一个空格应该修饰和说明Mr Smith的状态，故选tired；第二个空格修饰 speech，应用boring。全句意为“由于厌烦了这个枯燥无味的讲话，Mr Smith开始阅读一篇小说”。
答案： A
15．What surprised me most was that there appeared a ________look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.
A．worrying B．worried
C．to worry D．worry
解析： 说明人的声音、表情等意思时，要用过去分词。
答案： B
Ⅱ.根据句意用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．We needed much more________(qualify) workers.
答案： qualified
2．The student ________(dress) in white is my daughter.
答案： dressed
3．There has been nothing________(change) here since I left this town.
答案： changed
4．There is a________(light) candle on the table.
答案： lighted
5．She is quite________(please) with the design of the dress.
答案： pleased
6．Because of the continuous heavy rain，the road became difficult to travel on，and our car got________(trap) in the mud.
答案： trapped
7．The pupils will get________(confuse) if they are made to learn too much.
答案： confused
8．I’m sorry to tell you the water in the river got________(pollute)．
答案： polluted
9．The teacher said your article is well________(write)．
答案： written
10．The library is________(close) at weekends.
答案： closed
倡议书：说服别人
一、题目要求
西部许多儿童由于贫困而辍学，帮助他们是我们义不容辞的责任。假如你是校学生会主席，准备发起救助西部失学儿童的活动，根据如下提示，代表学生会向全体学生写一份倡议书。
提高认识：节约每一分钱；捐赠个人物品；加强联系交流等。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯；
3．题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
A letter to the students of our school
Dear Students，
Many children in China’s West dropped out of school because of poverty._____________________________________ ___________________________________
二、构思谋篇
三、关键词语
辍学 drop out of school
急需 in great need of
注意 pay attention to
帮助孩子们交学费 help the children with school fees
和某人多交流 communicate more with sb.
互相鼓励与帮助 encourage and help each other
同学 fellow students
四、连词成句
1．他们急需帮助，作为学生，我们应该怎么办呢？
They are in great need of help.As students，what should we do
2．我们应该节约每一分钱来帮他们交学费。
We should try to save every cent we can to help the children with school fees.
3．亲爱的同学们，让我们立刻行动起来！
Dear fellow students，let’s start to act right now!Unit 1 Section III
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．As we all know，a proper amount of exercise________to good health.
A．controls B．offers
C．provides D．contributes
解析： 句意为：众所周知，合理的运动有助于健康。contribute to有助于，导致，成为……的原因之一。
答案： D
2．Only if he gets a job________have enough money to build his own house.
A．he can B．can he
C．he will D．did he
解析： “only＋状语/状语从句”放在句首时，为加强语气，主句需要进行部分倒装，故可排除A、C项；根据时态可排除D项。
答案： B
3．—What did you do last night
—________a composition，I finished my physics homework.
A．Instead of B．Apart from
C．In addition D．Thanks to
解析： 句意为：除了写完作文，我还做完了我的物理作业。apart from除……之外，此外。instead of代替，而不是；in addition也，还有(后跟名词要加介词to)；thanks to幸亏。
答案： B
4．________you talk or write a message to someone，you show your language skills to others.
A．Every time B．Some time
C．At times D．The time
解析： 句意为：每次你和别人谈话或给其写信息时，你都展示了你的语言技巧。every time可引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。
答案： A
5．In the following few hours the boy was________in the TV series Journey to the West.
A．drawn B．linked
C．absorbed D．attracted
解析： be absorbed in意为“专心于”。句意为：在接下来的几个小时里，那个男孩全神贯注于电视剧《西游记》。attract和draw意思均为“吸引”，均与介词to连用；link连接。
答案： C
6．Mr Yuan is________ about making predictions about the success of the farming program because it is so important.
A．content B．creative
C．curious D．cautious
解析： 句意为：这项农业工程太重要了，袁先生在做关于它能否成功的预测时非常谨慎。cautious小心的，谨慎的。content满意的；creative创造性的；curious好奇的。
答案： D
7．An interesting suggestion on how to measure the temperature on the moon has been________.
A．put on B．put out
C．put down D．put forward
解析： 句意为：关于如何测量月球上的温度，有人提出一条有趣的建议。put forward提出(建议、意见)；put on穿上，上演；put out扑灭，熄灭；put down镇压，写下，记下。
答案： D
8．—Do you know who left the computer on all night long
—It seems that Tom is________.He played computer games yesterday afternoon.
A．blaming B．blamed
C．to blame D．to be blamed
解析： 句意为：似乎Tom应负责任，他昨天下午在玩电脑游戏。be to blame (for sth.)(在……)应负责任。be to blame 没有被动形式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。
答案： C
9．It doesn’t make________to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
A．sense B．meaning
C．idea D．point
解析： 句意为：这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可。make sense是习语，意为“有意义，讲得通”。
答案： A
10．Please remain seated；the students who win the prizes will be________soon.
A．told B．remembered
C．announced D．recognized
解析： 句意为：请坐着，很快要宣布获奖学生名单了。announce宣布，通告。
答案： C
11．—Mr Smith is very strict________his students，isn’t he
—Yes，he is.He is strict________his work as well.
A．with；in B．in；about
C．in；with D．with；about
解析： be strict with sb.对某人要求严格，而be strict about sth.则表示为“对某事严格”。
答案： D
12．To everyone’s surprise，the home team was________by three goals to one.
A．won B．hit
C．defeated D．struck
解析： 此句是被动语态。defeat意为“打败、击败”，其宾语是人或团队。win指赢得奖项、胜利、比赛等，其宾语不能是表示人的名词；hit指重重地打击、敲打或击打对方某部位，着重“击中”的含义；strike指任何形式的“打”，多为一次性或连续性的短暂动作。
答案： C
13．The young man seems very much________in the job，so the boss would like him to have a try.
A．interested B．interesting
C．frightened D．frightening
解析： 根据系动词seem可知后缺少表语，再根据题意可知应选A项。seem interested in...看起来对……感兴趣。
答案： A
14．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides
C．As for D．Because of
解析： 此处构成“with＋复合宾语”结构，即with sth.to do有某事要做，表示原因；虽然D项也可以表示原因，但其后不能接复合结构；其他选项无此用法，故选A。
答案： A
15．Work hard and you’ll succeed.As we all know，hard work can often________success.
A．devote to B．bring in
C．lead to D．result from
解析： 考查短语意义辨析。devote...to...把……贡献于……，bring in提出，吸引，引入，lead to导致；result from因……发生，随……而产生。根据句意，C项符合。
答案： C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Lewis Howard Latimer was an African American scientist who made many important scientific discoveries.Latimer was born in Chelsea，Massachusetts，in 1848，to parents who were escaped slaves.At the age of 15，he joined the Union navy during the Civil War.
After his military service in 1865，Latimer was employed as an office boy at the patent attorney office (专利代理事务所) of Crosby and Gould in Boston，where he learned mechanical drawing.In 1876，Latimer was hired by Alexander Graham Bell to create the drawings necessary for a patent application for Bell’s new invention，the telephone.Latimer completed these drawings and rushed them to the patent office，where they arrived only a few hours before the drawings of a competitor.Thus，Bell secured the patent for the telephone.
While working for the US Electric Lighting Company，Latimer and his employers looked for a way to improve upon the incandescent light bulb (白炽灯) that was being marketed by Thomas Edison.Edison’s light bulbs lasted only a few days.By inventing a cardboard envelope that surrounded the carbon filament (碳质灯丝) in the light bulb，Latimer was able to make light bulbs longer lasting and less expensive.As a result，many cities saw electrical lighting as a better and cleaner way to light their streets and homes.Cities like New York，London，Montreal，and Philadelphia set up this kind of lighting，and Latimer was sent out to plan and build the lighting systems.
In 1890，Latimer was hired by Thomas Edison at the Edison Electric Light Company.There he made more important discoveries and wrote a well known book.He was the only African American member of the Edison Pioneers，a group of men who practically created the electric industry.Latimer invented a bathroom compartment (车厢) for trains，a locking rack (行李架) for hats，coats and umbrellas，and a new improved book holder for bookshelves.He died in 1928.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国著名非洲裔发明家拉蒂默。
1．According to Paragraph 2，Latimer________.
A．helped Bell design the telephone
B．made certain Bell secured his patent
C．was the real inventor of the telephone
D．had worked for Bell’s competitor
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，拉蒂默及时为贝尔的电话完成了制图，从而确保贝尔申请到了电话的发明专利。
答案： B
2．We know from Paragraph 3 that Latimer________.
A．made light bulbs much safer B．invented new street lamps
C．helped Edison with his inventions D．improved on Edison’s light bulbs
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Latimer...to improve upon the incandescent light bulb that was being marketed by Thomas Edison可知，拉蒂默改进了爱迪生的电灯。
答案： D
3．What is the right order of the following events
① Latimer started to learn mechanical drawing.
② Latimer helped Bell secure the patent for the telephone.
③ Latimer joined the Union navy.
④ Latimer started to work for Edison.
A．③①②④ B．①②④③
C．②③④① D．③④②①
解析： 事件顺序题。根据第一段可知，Latimer在1863年服役于海军；1865年成为办公室职员，学习机械制图；1876年受雇于Bell，并帮助Bell获得电话发明的专利；1890年受雇于Edison。由此推知答案为A。
答案： A
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Latimer’s important achievements in science.
B．How Latimer became a member of Edison Pioneers.
C．The wide influence of Thomas Edison.
D．How Edison helped Latimer with his work.
解析： 段落大意题。作者在最后一段主要介绍了拉蒂默的科技成就，A项符合该大意。
答案： A
5．Which of the following is TRUE about Latimer
A．He had served for military for five years.
B．He invented umbrellas and bookshelves.
C．His parents had been slaves.
D．He died at the age of 90.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Latimer was born...to parents who were escaped slaves可知，拉蒂默的父母曾经都是奴隶。
答案： C
On Aug 11 shopper Jenni Ware bought 207 dollars’ worth of groceries (杂货) at Trader Joe’s and when she was waiting to pay，she realized that she had lost her wallet.Carolee Hazard，who was in line behind her，offered to pay the bill！Jenni later sent Carolee a check for 300 dollars，and suggested that Carolee treat herself to a massage (按摩) with the cash leftover.
Carolee turned to her online Facebook group for advice on what she should do with the 93 dollar gift.The idea Carolee chose was to give it to a local food bank.
Carolee not only sent in the money that Jenni had given her to Second Harvest Food Bank，but matched that amount herself.So did a Facebook friend.And another.And another.So far，over 10,000 dollars have come in from people in many countries to feed the hungry through local food banks.
Carolee has started the “93 Dollar Club” on Facebook，where people across the globe can read the story and comment on it.There are links on that page which people may use to give money to a food bank close to them.Carolee says，“It’s been amazing to see this grow and how excited people are getting.I have told the story to my friends and they say it encourages them to do good immediately.”
Carolee and Jenni are no longer strangers.They’ve become Facebook friends and they’ve made a real world connection that will likely stay with them for the rest of their lives.Jenni remembers that she was in a “bad mood” that day in the grocery store，and Carolee’s help reminded her that there are good people.Jenni said，“It’s just a reminder that there are these amazingly kind people out there.And it also reminds me of how good I want to be.”
[语篇解读] Carolee在帮助别人后将这种互助行为扩大，建立起一个助人为乐的组织。
6．What did Jenni advise Carolee to do with the extra money
A．To save it in a local bank. B．To enjoy a massage herself.
C．To buy herself a gift worth 93 dollars. D．To give the money to a local food bank.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段suggested that Carolee treat herself to a massage with the cash leftover可知选B。
答案： B
7．How much did Carolee send to Second Harvest Food Bank
A．$93. B．$300.
C．$186. D．$10,000.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段Carolee not only sent in the money that Jenni had given her to Second Harvest Food Bank，but matched that amount herself.可知选C。
答案： C
8．How did Carolee’s friends feel after hearing her story
A．Worried. B．Frightened.
C．Cold. D．Excited.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段．..how excited people are getting.I have told the story to my friends and they say it encourages them to do good immediately.可知他们是兴奋的。
答案： D
9．What’s the aim of the “93 Dollar Club”？
A．To raise money for homeless kids.
B．To help feed the hungry across the world.
C．To make online friends through Facebook.
D．To read the story and make comments on it.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段There are links on that page which people may use to give money to a food bank close to them.和第三段的．..feed the hungry through local food banks.可知选B。
答案： B
10．From the last paragraph we know that________.
A．Jenni and Carolee meet face to face every day now
B．Jenni was encouraged to give help to others too
C．Jenni had lost faith in people on that day in the store
D．Jenni thinks no other person could be as kind as Carolee
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段It’s just a reminder that there are these amazingly kind people out there.And it also reminds me of how good I want to be.可知是B。
答案： B
PAGE
1Unit 1 Section II
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．No difficulty could________this brave man since he is so confident and capable.
A．defeat B．attack
C．win D．overcome
解析： 本题考查动词意义的辨析。根据句意可知此人勇敢、自信、有能力，所以可以推断出他肯定不会被困难“打垮，打败(defeat)”。而attack表示“袭击”；win一般表示“赢得比赛项目或奖励”；overcome表示“某人战胜困难”，都不符合语境。
答案： A
2．(2011·长沙高二检测)—Excuse me，can I________my suggestion
—Go ahead.
A．give off B．call in
C．put forward D．set out
解析： 考查动词短语辨析。give off发出；call in召来；put forward提出；set out开始。由句意可知C项正确。
答案： C
3．When I opened the door，I found my father sitting in his chair，completely________in the humorous stories he was reading.
A．absorbed B．losing
C．attracted D．addicted
解析： 考查动词短语结构的辨析。句意为：当我打开门的时候，发现父亲正坐在椅子上，他已经被他所看的幽默故事完全吸引了。be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心于；B项表示此意应为be lost in；attract应为attracted by the humorous stories；addicted常构成be addicted to对……痴迷，上瘾，故A正确。
答案： A
4．Old as he is，he gets my grandson to________him on how to email and use the Internet.
A．contact B．control
C．inspect D．instruct
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。contact联系；control控制；inspect视察；instruct指导。由句意可知D项正确。
答案： D
5．(2011·台州高二检测)It was proved that drunk driving was________for the death of five people in Nanjing.
A．to blame B．blamed
C．being blamed D．blaming
解析： 句意为：据证实醉酒驾驶是导致南京五人死亡的原因。be to blame for对……负有责任，是……的过错，是……的原因。
答案： A
6．(2011·扬州高二检测)We should combine our efforts to make sure our children are not________to bad living conditions.
A．affected B．exposed
C．exposing D．effected
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：我们应该共同努力，确保孩子不会接触到不良的生活环境。be exposed to暴露在……中。
答案： B
7．He suggested that we________the plan later，which suggested that he________against it.
A．discussed；was B．would discuss；should be
C．discuss；was D．should discuss；should be
解析： 主句中的suggest意为“建议”，故其后宾语从句中的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋do”的形式。
答案： C
8．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to send for an experienced man to________the problem.
A．consider B．handle
C．repeat D．conclude
解析： 考查动词辨析。handle意为“处理”。句意为：不知道汽车出了什么故障，马丁决定派人去请个有经验的人来处理这个问题。consider考虑；repeat重复；conclude推断出，结束。
答案： B
9．Although the medicine can cure you________your illness，it has a bad effect________you.
A．for；in B．for；on
C．of；on D．of；at
解析： 考查短语搭配。cure sb.of sth.意为“治好某人的病”；have a bad effect on sb.意为“对某人有坏的影响”，故C为最佳选项。
答案： C
10．We were all very much attracted by the beautiful scenery________we set foot in the village.
A．quickly B．suddenly
C．finally D．immediately
解析： immediately表“一……就……”而其它副词不符合句意。
答案： D
11．The________，I think，he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.
A．conclusion B．charge
C．promise D．view
解析： 本题考查名词辨析。根据句中的drew可知所含的短语是draw a conclusion得出结论。
答案： A
12．—Could you please help me with this problem
—Certainly.First of all，let’s________the problem and see what went wrong.
A．analyse B．examine
C．inspect D．survey
解析： analyse分析；examine检查；inspect检查；survey调查。根据题意应选A。
答案： A
13．—I haven’t seen Mary for three days.Where has she been
—Oh，she has been________her sick mother in hospital.
A．commenting B．confirming
C．advising D．attending
解析： 句意为：“我三天没看见玛丽了。她在哪里？”“她一直在医院照顾生病的妈妈。”attend照顾；护理，符合题意。comment评论；发表意见；confirm证明；批准；advise建议。
答案： D
14．—Why did the policeman question Bob yesterday
—He was ________of taking part in the car bombing.
A．doubted B．considered
C．reminded D．suspected
解析： 句意为：“昨天警察为什么盘问鲍勃？”“他被怀疑参与了那起汽车爆炸案。”suspect sb.of doing sth.“因某事怀疑某人”，符合题意。doubt怀疑；对……不确信，后接名词、代词或从句；consider考虑；认为；remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事。
答案： D
15．The building around the corner caught fire last night.The police are now________the matter.
A．seeing through B．working out
C．looking into D．watching over
解析： 本题考查动词短语辨析。see through看穿，识破；work out解决，计算；look into调查；watch over照看，监督。由句意可知应选C。
答案： C
Ⅱ.完形填空
Like every Sunday morning I got up early this morning and carried a big bag of dirty clothes to the laundry (洗衣店)．I was standing there folding my clothes__1__a young lady about my age came up to me and asked if I had a little__2__.I said yes.Then she asked me where she could__3__baby clothes for the 24 month size.I told her to go to Target because they usually have baby clothes，or Children’s Orchard，a second hand store for__4__.
She then told me that last Sunday，she came here to wash some clothes.But__5__，when she was busy with her task，someone__6__all of her little girl’s clothes.After hearing what she said，I felt very sorry and that made my heart__7__！
Then，I__8__somewhere in my house I had a bag full of my daughter’s__9__clothes.I told her that if she__10__me next weekend I would give her my daughter’s old clothes.They were just sitting there__11__space.She was so__12__and wrote down my number.I always__13__my daughter’s clothes just in case I come across someone who really needs them.I have never__14__them to second hand stores，because I would rather give them to someone__15__.
In the present economic crisis，most of us are short of__16__.I really feel that we all should__17__each other out，even if it is as__18__as giving clothes to people who really__19__them.Anyway，when we fight against __20__，we should all cross a river in the same boat.In this way，we can all be safe and happy.
[语篇解读] 作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：人们应该关爱社会、帮助他人、同舟共济。
1．A.before B．if
C．when D．until
解析： 我正在叠衣服时，突然一位年轻的女士向我走来。用when表示“突然”。
答案： C
2．A.boy B．bag
C．girl D．soap
解析： 根据后文反复出现的my daughter可知，这位女士问作者是否也有女儿。
答案： C
3．A.design B．get
C．borrow D．take
解析： 根据they usually have baby clothes可知，这位女士想知道哪儿能“买到”小孩子的衣服。
答案： B
4．A.kids B．adults
C．students D．teens
解析： 根据baby clothes可知，这是一个专卖孩子用品的二手商店。
答案： A
5．A.occasionally B．honestly
C．unusually D．unfortunately
解析： 根据I felt very sorry可知，此处表示“很不幸”。
答案： D
6．A.stole B．bought
C．lost D．washed
解析： 根据下文作者想把女儿的旧衣服给这位女士可知，衣服被人偷走了。
答案： A
7．A.strike B．sink
C．beat D．cry
解析： 了解到这一情况，作者的情绪应该是很低落的，故选B。“Someone’s heart sinks”表示“某人突然感到伤心或沮丧”。
答案： B
8．A.proved B．admitted
C．realized D．imagined
解析： 我“意识到”我家中还有一包衣服。
答案： C
9．A.fashionable B．old
C．suitable D．large
解析： 根据后文的my daughter’s old clothes可知，作者的这些衣服都是她女儿不穿的一些旧衣服。
答案： B
10．A.visited B．paid
C．praised D．called
解析： 根据后文wrote down my number，可知作者希望这位女士打电话给她。
答案： D
11．A.taking up B．putting up
C．picking up D．giving up
解析： 这些衣服只是在“占据”空间。
答案： A
12．A.shocked B．smart
C．thankful D．peaceful
解析： 作者对她提供帮助，显然她应该很“感激”。
答案： C
13．A.select B．observe
C．change D．save
解析： 根据in case I come across someone who really needs them可知作者经常把女儿的旧衣服“保存”下来。
答案： D
14．A.posted B．sold
C．thrown D．lent
解析： 根据second hand stores可知这里用“卖”。
答案： B
15．A.for free B．at once
C．in return D．on time
解析： 与“二手商店”相对应的是“免费”送给他人。
答案： A
16．A.land B．energy
C．money D．food
解析： 由In the present economic crisis可知多数人都缺钱。
答案： C
17．A.help B．spread
C．let D．count
解析： 根据语境可知作者希望人们应该互相帮助，同舟共济。
答案： A
18．A.important B．traditional
C．useful D．small
解析： 即使像送衣服这样的小事情，我们也应该去做。
答案： D
19．A.need B．wear
C．repair D．gather
解析： 把衣服给那些真正需要它们的人。
答案： A
20．A.accidents B．difficulties
C．wars D．diseases
解析： 当我们遇到“困难”时，我们应该同舟共济。
答案： B
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Albert Einstein was born in Germany，in 1879.He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone.He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read.When Albert was five years old，his father gave him a compass (指南针)．The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle (针) always pointed in the same direction—to the north.He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school.The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students could not ask questions.Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905，Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine.They included one of the most important scientific documents in history.It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity (相对性)．” Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity.”
In 1921，he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.It was given to him，not for his theories of relativity，but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric (光电的) effect.
Albert Einstein left Germany when Adolph Hitler came to power in 1933.He moved to the United States to continue his research.He worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，New Jersey.Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man，but you would not have known that by looking at him.His white hair was long and wild.He wore old clothes.He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work.Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
Albert Einstein died in 1955.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇人物传记，简要介绍了伟大科学家爱因斯坦的一生。
1．Which of the following is TRUE about young Albert Einstein
A．He hated studying. B．He liked talking with people.
C．He was curious about new things. D．He was good at inventing new things.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段关于爱因斯坦对指南针产生好奇的故事，可以判断他对新事物充满好奇心，因此C项正确。
答案： C
2．What’s the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein
a．Becoming a citizen of the United States
b．Winning the Nobel Prize in Physics
c．Putting forward his “General Theory of Relativity”
d．Leaving Germany for the United States
A．d，b，c，a B．d，a，c，b
C．b，c，d，a D．c，b，d，a
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三至五段得知，A、B、C、D四项发生的时间分别为1940、1921、1915及1933年，因此D项正确。
答案： D
3．Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his________.
A．putting forward his theories of relativity
B．discovering the law of the photoelectric effect
C．publishing some important papers in a German magazine
D．finding the most important scientific documents in history
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的It was given to him，not for his theories of relativity，but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect可知B项正确。
答案： B
4．What can we learn about Albert Einstein from the passage
A．He didn’t like asking questions at school.
B．He died at the age of sixty six.
C．He cared little about how he looked.
D．His lessons were too difficult to understand.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可以判断爱因斯坦是一个生活中不拘小节、不在乎自己外表的人。
答案： C
5．This passage is organized by________.
A．order in time B．order in space
C．cause and effect D．examples
解析： 写作手法题。本文按照时间顺序介绍了爱因斯坦的一生，因此选A。
答案： A
PAGE
1(共39张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language
& Using Language
contribute vt.
(1)捐款，提供(时间、精力等)
Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothing to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意捐助食品和衣物救济那些无家可归的人。
He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见。
(2)contribute to有助于，促成，导致
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
适度的运动有益健康。
(3)contribute sth.to...给……投稿
Mr Green often contributes his articles to China Daily.
格林先生经常给《中国日报》投稿。
[拓展延伸] contribution n．贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
Last week Premier Wen visited some great scientists，who have made great contributions to science.上周，温总理拜访了几位科学家，他们对科学作出了卓越的贡献。
Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed_to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。
1.(2011·湖州高二检测) Eating too much fat can________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A．contribute to B．link to
C．attend to D．devote to
解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：摄入太多的脂肪会促使心脏病和高血压的发生。contribute to有助于，促使；attend to处理；link和devote都为及物动词，后须接宾语，且与句意不符。
答案： A
cautious adj.谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的(其后常用介词about/of)
①(教材原句P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。
②He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.
当他骑自行车的时候，他很小心。
③The boss is cautious about making promises.
老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
2.完成句子
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
I’ve always________ ________ ________ ________giving my address to strangers.
答案： been very cautious about
reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
①(教材原句P7)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，那些支持它的人要受到攻击。
②He felt sorry for being rejected by the company he applied to.
他向这家公司求职，却未被录用，为此他感到很难过。
③If you are unkind to him，he feels rejected.
如果你们对他缺乏同情，他有被抛弃之感。
④It is hard for me to reject some bad habits.
我很难丢掉一些坏习惯。
3.Martha told me that the________plan was put forward by Mr Zhang at yesterday’s meeting.
A．rejected B．reject
C．rejecting D．being rejected
解析： reject是及物动词，意为“拒绝”，在此是其过去分词作定语，rejected和plan是被动关系。
答案： A
apart from
(1)除了……外(还)；此外(＝besides)
①(教材原句P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
②Apart from the cost，we need to think about how much time the job will take.
除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。
(2)除了……外(＝except)
③Apart from my parents，I have no one to believe in.
除了我父母，我谁也不相信。
(3)除了，只是(＝except for)
④It’s a good piece of work，apart from/except for a few slight faults.除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件高水准的工作。
4.In our daily lives，there are various entertaining activities ________singing，dancing and playing computer games.
A．rather than B．except for
C．apart from D．instead of
解析： 考查短语的意思辨析。apart from意为“除了……之外还有”，而rather than意为“而不是……”；except for一般用来表示从整体中除去一部分；instead of表示“替代”，都不符合题意。
答案： C
5．________being fun and good exercise，swimming is also a very useful skill.
A．In case of B．Apart from
C．In spite of D．But for
解析： 该句意为：“游泳除了有趣和是一项很好的身体锻炼之外，还是一项很有用的技能。”
答案： B
make sense 讲得通；有意义(主语通常不是表示“人”的名词)
①(教材原句P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
②This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.
无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。
③It makes sense to take care of your health.
注意身体健康是明智的。
[拓展延伸]
(1)make sense of听懂；理解；弄懂
(2)There’s no sense in doing sth.
做……是没有道理/作用的
(3)in a sense从某种意义上
④Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。
⑤There is no sense in worrying about it now.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
⑥You are right in a sense，but you don’t know all the facts.
从某种意义上讲你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。
6.I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a good________of direction.
A．idea B．feeling
C．experience D．sense
解析： 考查名词辨析。a good sense of direction意为“良好的方向感”，再如a sense of humor意为“幽默感”。
答案： D
7．(2011·浙江宁波高二检测)—What’s the central idea of the passage，Bob
—Sorry，I can’t make________of it.It’s beyond my ability.
A．judgement B．understanding
C．idea D．sense
解析： 句意为：——Bob，这篇文章的中心思想是什么？——对不起，我不明白(这篇文章)。这超出我的能力范围了。make sense of明白，理解。
答案： D
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
这是一个倒装句，only＋状语或状语从句放于句首要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
①Only by working hard can we succeed.
只有通过努力工作我们才能取得成功。
②Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.
只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。
③Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进这房间。
[辨析] only if与if only
(1)only if表示“只有”，引导条件状语从句，放在句首、句末均可。
(2)if only表示“如果……就好了”，引导虚拟条件句。
④Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed his advice!
看看现在我的处境，要是我接受他的建议就好了！
⑤You will pass the exam only if you study hard.
你只有努力学习才能通过考试。
8.(2011·河南实验中学高二检测)Only in this way________to get there ahead of time.
A．you can hope B．you did hope
C．can you hope D．did you hope
解析： 句意为：只有通过这种方法你才有希望提前到那里。only修饰状语放句首，主句要部分倒装，所以选C。B、D两项时态与句意不符。
答案： C
9．Only when I left my parents for Italy________how much I loved them.
A．I realized B．I had realized
C．had I realized D．did I realize
解析： 句意为：只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我有多么的爱他们。only引导的状语从句放在句首时，主句须部分倒装，根据句意，主句应用过去时。
答案： D
10．________you eat the correct foods________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if；will you B．Only if；you will
C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will
解析： 句意为：只有正确饮食，你才能保持身材和健康。从句意可知，unless不符合题意，若选D的话，应当在you will后加上not。only if表条件，意为“只有”。当only if置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，故选A。
答案： A
11．Only then________how much damage had been caused.
A．she realized B．she had realized
C．had she realized D．did she realize
解析： only then置于句首，应部分倒装，此外，由then可确定用过去时态。
答案： D
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，所有的行星围绕它运转，同时也只有月球绕着地球运转。
with the planets going round it是with的复合结构在句子中作状语。
with复合结构由with＋复合宾语组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
(1)with＋名词(或代词)＋现在分词
With the boy leading the way，we had no difficulty finding the village.由小男孩领路，我们找到这个村庄没困难。
(2)with＋名词(或代词)＋过去分词
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)
(3)with＋名词(或代词)＋形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(伴随情况)
(4)with＋名词(或代词)＋介词短语
With the children at school，we can’t take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去。(原因状语)
(5)with＋名词(或代词)＋副词
He fell asleep with the light on.
他睡着了，灯还亮着。(伴随情况)
(6)with＋名词(或代词)＋动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With a lot of work to do，he wasn’t allowed to go out.
因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)
12.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work________，he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing
C．having finished D．was finished
解析： 本题考查“with＋非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构，“完成工作”，工作是被完成的，因此应该用过去分词作宾补构成独立主格结构。
答案： A
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The poor old woman who has no children is very________(谨慎的) with her money.
答案： cautious
2．My parents became________(严厉的) when they found that I spent the whole day playing the computer games.
答案： severe
3．The new teaching building is under________(建设)．
答案： constrution
4．The little girl said with________(确实) that the song was sung by Michael Jackson.
答案： certainty
5．The old retired worker is very________(热情的) about neighborhood affairs.
答案： enthusiastic
6．The young man was anxious to join the army but was________(拒绝) because he was not high enough.
答案： rejected
Ⅱ.选词填空
put forward，(be) absorbed in，draw a conclusion，
(be) to blame，link to，apart from，make sense，
contribute to，(be) strict wit
1．The policy is partly____________________for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
答案： to blame
2．Henry____________________a very good suggestion at the board meeting.
答案： put forward
3．It is obvious that lung cancer is closely _________ ___________heavy smoking.
答案： linked to
4．There were no problems in your paper__________ __________the one I mentioned before.
答案： apart from
5．We’d better discuss the issue in detail before we ____________________.
答案： draw a conclusion
6．I can’t follow these instructions，as they don’t _____ _______________at all.
答案： make sense
7．The Greens are very ____________________ their children.
答案： strict with
8．As we know，fresh air and exercise can _________ ___________good health.
答案： contribute to
9．The children were so____________________their game that they did not feel hungry.
答案： absorbed in
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________ ________ ________ ________ ________(每次我遇见他)，I always think of the things that happened between us.
答案： Every time I meet him
2．Our English teacher________ ________ ________ ________(总是要求严格) us.
答案： is always strict with
3．This test is obviously bad because it will________ ________(导致) incorrect learning.
答案： lead to
4．Does it________ ________(有意义) to let children watch such TV plays
答案： make sense
5．Only if you work hard________ ________ ________ ________(你能期望得到) a pay rise.
答案： can you expect (to get) towards/to
6．If you want to make great progress in English，you must________ ________ ________ ________ ________(有一个积极的态度) it.
答案： have a positive attitude towards/to
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠(共5张PPT)
John Snow
John Snow被认为是流行病学最早的创始人之一，同时又是最初研究和计算麻醉药剂量的医生。
John Snow was a British physician.He was born on 15 March,1813 in York，England.He was the first of nine children born to William and Frances Snow in their North Street home.His neighbourhood was one of the poorest in the city and was always in danger of flooding.His father worked in the local coal yards.
Snow studied in York until the age of 14.He graduated from the University of London in December 1844，and was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1850.
Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate drug doses (剂量) for use in surgical anaesthesia (麻醉)．
John Snow is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology (流行病学) because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak on Soho，England，in 1854.He used a spot map to illustrate how cases of cholera were centred around the pump.He also made a solid use of statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the source of water and cholera cases.He showed that companies taking water from sewage polluted sections of the Thames delivered water to homes with an increased incidence of cholera.Snow’s study was a major event in the history of public health，and could be regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology.
At the age of 45，Snow suffered a stroke while working in his London office on 10 June,1858.He never recovered，dying on 16 June,1858 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.
John Snow was voted as the greatest physician of all time in a poll of British doctors in 2003.(共1张PPT)
Unit 1 Great scientists
牵手课堂
Section Ⅰ Warming up & Reading
Section Ⅱ Language points
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
英汉对照
目录
CONTENTS(共23张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming up & Reading
Step One：Warming up
Ⅰ.Do you know other scientists？The following is a quiz and let’s find out who knows the most.
1．Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float
答案： B
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
答案： C
3．Who invent the first steam engine
答案： A
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children
答案： B
5．Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
答案： B
6．Who put forward a theory about black holes
答案： A
Ⅱ.Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research？There are seven stages.Put them in the right order.
( ) Make a question
( ) Analyse the results
( ) Draw a conclusion
( ) Collect results
( ) Find a problem
( ) Think of a method
( ) Find supporting evidence
答案： 2,5,7,4,1,3,6
Step Two：Fast reading
Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What inspired John Snow according to the first paragraph
A．Being Queen Victoria’s personal physician.
B．Finding where cholera happened.
C．Helping ordinary people who suffered from cholera.
D．He was an expert.
答案： C
2．What’s the use of John Snow’s map in his research
A．To help him find the number of dead people.
B．To help him not lose his way.
C．To help him find the reason of the cholera outbreak.
D．To help him where the cholera happened.
答案： C
3．Another title of the text might be________.
A．John Snow and cholera
B．The discovery of cholera
C．John Snow：a great scientist
D．The reason of cholera
答案： A
4．From the first paragraph，we can learn that John Snow________.
A．was the only doctor to be interested in medical research
B．liked to make friends with famous people
C．showed much concern for ordinary people’s safety
D．didn’t hold much hope for finding out the cause of the disease
答案： C
5．According to the passage，we can learn that ________ will play a great part in carrying out research successfully.
A．people’s support
B．the previous experience
C．money
D．proper methods
答案： D
Step Three：Detail reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.
1．Para.1 ( ) A．John Snow’s suggestions to prevent cholera happening again
2．Para.2 ( ) B．An analysis of John Snow’s map
showing cholera’s victims
3．Para.3 ( ) C．The discovery of the way “King
Cholera” was spread
4．Para.4 ( ) D．The two theories explaining the way cholera killed people
5．Para.5 ( ) E．A brief introduction to John Snow and cholera
6．Para.6 ( ) F．John Snow’s research into the source of the water and the measures taken
7．Para.7 ( ) G．John Snow’s attempt to find the cause of cholera’s outbreak
答案： 1.E 2.D 3.G 4.B 5.F 6.C 7.A
Ⅱ.Let the students read the text and then answer the following questions.
1．Why is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street
________________________________________________________________________
答案： These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
2．Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first
________________________________________________________________________
答案： Neither its cause，not its cure was understood.
3．Which theory did John Snow believe in
________________________________________________________________________
答案： People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
Ⅲ.Do True or False exercises.
1．Cholera would never be controlled even if its cause was found.( )
2．The disease attacked the body quickly from the stomach and soon the affected person died.( )
3．John Snow began to collect the information before the disease spread.( )
4．In two particular streets,500 people died in 10 days when another outbreak hit London in 1854.( )
5．Deaths of the woman and her daughter were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.( )
6．Only ordinary people died when cholera broke out.( )
答案： 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F
Step Four：Summary
John Snow was a famous doctor in London and he was kind enough to help the ordinary people 1.________to cholera.He wasn’t certain if cholera multiplied in the air，or people 2.________the disease with their food.John Snow 3.________that the second one is correct，so as cholera spread quickly through poor 4.________，he collected information to test the two theories.First he found most of the dead people had lived near the water 5.________in Broad Street.So he carried out a series of researches.The results showed that the water was to 6.________.
Then John found the dirty water came from London 7.________the river.So he told the people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump at once.The disease soon slowed down.After that John Snow found another proof in London from two other deaths that were 8.________to the disaster in Broad Street.So he could 9.________certainly that polluted water carried the virus.John Snow suggested the water companies should be 10.________not to supply people with polluted water.
答案： 1.exposed 2.absorbed 3.suspected 4.neighborhoods 5．pump 6.blame 7.polluted 8.linked 9.announce 10.instructed
Step Five：Discussion
As is known to all，cholera was a deadly disease in the 19th century.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today？What should we do
________________________________________________________________________
答案： H1N1，AIDS and hand foot mouth diseases are similar to cholera today.It is well known that AIDS and H1N1 flu virus are spreading all over the world.They are serious and cause great damage to our body.They need public health care to solve them.
We should often wash hands with soap and clean water.We’d better form the good habit of going to bed and getting up early.We should do more physical exercise.We’d better avoid going to crowded places，for examples，net bars and so on.
