牛津上海版八年级寒假辅导—01—音标1—8A Unit 1复习—8B U1单词预习—名词—阅读理解A篇学案

八年级英语寒假班（牛津版）
字母组合
音标
例词
ai
/e?/
explain
brain
raise
/
e
/
said
air
fair
al
/??/
talk
walk
small
/??l/
always
already
almost
/
α:/
half
calm
palm
ar
/
a:/
harmful
argue
article
/??/
warm
quarter
quarrel
au
/??/
cause
author
autumn
/
α:/
laugh
aunt
aw
/??/
saw
draw
law
选出画线部分发音与其他三个读音不同的单词，并把序号填在括号里。
A
B
C
D
1.
(
)
snow
brown
cow
how
2.
(
)
now
bowl
window
yellow
3.
(
)
blouse
house
flower
low
4.
(
)
brother
love
hot
monkey
5.
(
)
clock
mother
coffee
jog
6.
(
)
cake
waiter
rabbit
May
7.
(
)
car
dance
class
black
8.
(
)
bread
head
sweater
cream
9.
(
)
computer
use
jump
music
10.
(
)
bright
fish
five
tiger
11.
(
)
bee
sea
great
he
12.
(
)
sofa
nobody
know
chocolate
13.
(
)
farm
farther
warm
dark
14.
(
)
forty
doctor
sport
morning
15.
(
)
dear
where
pear
there
16.
(
)
year
bear
ear
near
17.
(
)
room
food
foot
cartoon
18.
(
)
balloon
book
good
football
19.
(
)
bird
turn
sister
Thursday
20.
(
)
town
【难度】★★
flower
country
mouse
【答案】1.
A
2.
A
3.
D
4.
C
5.
B
6.
C
7.
D
8.
D
9.
C
10.
B
11.
C
12.
D
13.
C
14.
B
15.
A
16.
B
17.
C
18.
A
19.
C
20.
C
一、名词的分类
专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）
例句：My
name
is
Lucy.
I
am
a
Chinese.
I
will
go
to
the
Great
Wall
on
Monday.
普通名词:
包括可数名词和不可数名词
个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:
sister、table、bike、window
可数名词
集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:
family、police、class、group
物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:
water、air、wood
不可数名词
抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:
danger、interest
注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass
作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。
身兼二职的名词对照表
glass
fish
chicken
time
可数
玻璃杯
鱼类
小鸡
次、倍
不可数
玻璃
鱼肉
鸡肉
时间
orange
light
paper
hair
可数
橘子
电灯
报纸/试卷
（几根）头发
不可数
橘汁
光
纸
头发
exercise
idea
life
work
可数
练习题
主意/意见
生命
著作
不可数
锻炼
了解
生活
工作
turkey
radio
youth
experience
可数
火鸡
收音机
青年人
经历
不可数
火鸡肉
无线电
年轻、青春
经验
interest
room
可数
爱好
房间
不可数
兴趣
空间
二、名词的单复数形式
规则变化：
名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s
或-es
1、
一般情况在词尾直接加
s
,
例
bags。
2、
以
s、x、sh、ch
结尾的词加-es，例
bus-buses
box-boxes。
3、
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y
变成
i
加-es
例
city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加
s。4、以o
结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加
es，其余直接加
s。
5、以
f
或
fe
结尾的词，多数变f
或
fe
为
v
加es,
roof、proof
直接加-s，
例
life-lives
wife-wives
roof
–roofs
。
不规则变化
1、单词拼写发生变化
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
mouse-mice
child-children
2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余
s
加后面
例：an
Englishman-Englishmen
an
American-Americans
3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：
表示动物的名词
deer
鹿，fish
鱼，sheep
绵羊
表示人的名词
Chinese
中国人，Japanese
日本人，Swiss
瑞士人
craft
及由-craft
构成的名词
craft
飞机，aircraft
飞机，
spacecraft
太空船
其他
series
系列；species
种类；means
方法
不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与
a/an
及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：a
cup
of
coffee(一杯咖啡)
two
glasses
of
milk(两杯牛奶)
three
pieces
of
paper(三张纸)
four
bottles
of
water(四杯水)
三、名词所有格
含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是’s
所有格，一种是
of
所有格
Beijing
is
China’s
capital.=
Beijing
is
the
capital
of
China.
This
is
Tom’s
bike
=
This
is
the
bike
of
Tom.
Lily
is
the
key’s
owner.=
Lily
is
the
owner
of
the
key.
1、’s
所有格构成单数名词及不以
s
结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加’s，如
Lucy’s
pen
路西的钢笔Children’s
Day
（儿童节）；以
s
结尾的复数名词，只加’
,
如
the
students’
books
学生们的书。
2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,
如
Lucy
and
Lily’s
bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加’s,如
Lucy’s
and
Lily’s
desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。
Choose
the
best
answer.
（选择最恰当的答案）
They
got
much
from
those
new
books.
★
A.
ideas
B.
photos
C.
news
D.
stories
I
have
two
and
three
bottles
of
here.
★
A.
orange,
orange
B.
oranges,
oranges
C.
oranges,
orange
D.
orange,
oranges
An
old
wants
to
see
you.
★
A.
people
B.
person
C.
the
people
D.
the
person
She
has
been
in
Tianjin
for
ten
years.
Tianjin
has
become
her
second
.★
A.
family
B.
house
C.
home
D.
room
Every
evening
Mr.
King
takes
a
to
his
home
.
★★
A.
25
minutes’
walk
B.
25
minute’s
walk
C.
25
minute
walk
D.
25
minutes
walk
Help
yourself
to
.
★
A.
chickens
and
apples
B.
chickens
and
apple
C.
chicken
and
apple
D.
chicken
and
apples
mothers
couldn’t
go
to
the
meeting,
because
they
have
gone
to
Shanghai
.
★
A.
Mary
and
Peter’s
B.
Mary
and
Peter
C.
Mary’s
and
Peter
D.
Mary’s
and
Peter’s
Li
Lei
has
been
to
many
times
this
month.
★★
A.
her
uncle
B.
her
uncle’s
C.
her
uncles
D.
aunt’s
He
is
a
success
as
a
leader
but
he
hasn’t
in
teaching.
★
A.
many
experiences
B.
much
experience
C.
an
experience
D.
a
lot
experience
Oh,
dear.
I
forgot
the
two
.
★
A.
room’s
number
B.
rooms’
number
C.
room
numbers
D.
rooms’
numbers
【答案】1.C
2.C
3.B
4.C
5.A
6.D
7.D
8.D
9.B
10.C
Choose
the
best
answer.
（选择最恰当的答案）
All
the
students
are
busy,
so
of
them
will
go
to
the
cinema.
★
A.
many
B.
little
C.
a
few
D.
few
The
restaurant
is
so
popular
here.
Look,
there
are
so
many
here.
★
A.
food
B.
dish
C.
people
D.
waiters
—Would
you
like
some
drinks,
boys?
—Yes,
,
please.
★
A.
some
oranges
B.
two
boxes
of
chocolate
C.
some
cakes
D.
two
bottles
of
cola
I
saw
many
eating
grass
on
the
hill.
★
A.
horse
B.
cow
C.
rabbit
D.
sheep
Mr.
Black
gave
us
on
how
to
learn
English
well.
★
A.
an
advice
B.
many
advices
C.
some
advice
D.
some
advices
6—It’s
said
that
you
have
moved
into
a
new
house.
★
—Yeah，and
we
need
to
buy
some
in
the
mall
nearby.
A.
food
B.
furniture
C.
hamburger
D.
drink
There
isn't
paper
in
the
box.
Will
you
go
and
get
for
me?
★
A.
any,
some
B.
any,
any
C.
some,
some
D.
some,
any
These
foreign
friends
are
.
★★
A.
German
B.
Germen
C.
Germany
D.
Germans
There
are
three
and
seven
in
the
picture.
★★
A.
deers,
sheeps
B.
deers,
sheep
C.
deer,
sheep
D.
deer,
sheeps
Whose
room
is
this?
It's
.
★
A.
my
B.
Kike's
and
John's
C.
our
D.
Kike
and
John's
A
classmate
of
was
here
ten
minutes
ago.
★★
A.
you
B.
your
C.
your
sister
D.
your
sister’s
A
group
of
are
talking
with
two
.
★★
A.
Frenchmen,
Germans
B.
Germans,
Frenchmans
C.
Frenchmans,
Germen
D.
Germen,
Frenchmen
The
Great
Wall
was
made
not
only
by
,
but
also
the
flesh
and
blood
of
men.
★★
A.
earth
and
stone,
millions
of
B.
earths
and
stones,
millions
of
C.
the
earth
and
stone,
million
of
D.
the
earths
and
stones,
millions
--Taking
a
walk
in
the
evening
is
a
good
.
--So
it
is;
it
keeps
us
healthy.
★★
A.
habit
B.
hobby
C.
rule
D.
favor
I
don’t
think
looking
after
children
is
just
work.
★★
A.
woman
B.
woman’s
C.
women
D.
women’s
mothers
can’t
come
to
the
meeting
because
they
have
gone
to
Dalian.
★★
A.
Sally’s
and
Jane
B.
Sally
and
Jane’s
C.
Sally’s
and
Jane’s
D.
Sally
and
Janes’
I
like
a
lot,
and
my
mother
usually
cooks
it
in
different
ways.
★★
A.
fish
B.
butter
C.
potatoes
D.
noodles
You
can
get
much
about
the
World
Expo
on
the
Internet.
★★
A.
ideas
B.
advices
C.
suggestion
D.
information
19.The
team
having
a
meeting.
★★
A.
is
B.
are
C.
am
D.
be
【答案】1-5
DCDDC
6-10
BADCD
11-15
DAAAD
16-19
CADB
5.阅读理解
Presentation
通读全文，领会大意
认真读题（Questions）找“关键词”
①带着问题读文章，遇与问题相关原文，划出并标清题目序号
②尝试归纳文章主旨、作者用意
检查、整理好词好句（平时练习）
☆Before
reading:
Answer
the
following
questions
1.What
do
you
usually
do
in
winter
holiday?
2.Did
anything
special
happen
last
winter
holiday?
使用说明：此篇阅读选自
2012
年中考真题，其中略有改编。
☆While
reading:
Choose
the
best
answer.
Dear
Disney,
Last
weekend,
the
four
members
of
my
family
spent
an
enjoyable
holiday
at
the
Magic
Kingdom–Disneyland.
And
one
event
made
our
visit
seem
truly
magical.
We
got
to
the
front
of
the
line
at
Space
Mountain,
only
to
find
out
that
our
little
daughter
Gloria
couldn't
take
her
ice-cream
on
the
ride.
We
were
so
excited
that
we
all
forgot
ice-cream
was
not
allowed
on
the
ride.
Gloria
broke
into
tears
and
we
all
had
no
idea
what
to
do.
Then
Murphy,
one
of
the
staff
(员工)
members,
came
over.
She
bent
down
and
told
Gloria
that
she
would
hold
the
ice-cream
for
her
and
give
it
to
her
when
she
finished
the
ride.
Gloria
said,
"Promise?"
Then
she
gave
Murphy
her
ice-cream,
and
she
completely
enjoyed
the
ride.
Sure
enough,
as
we
walked
out
the
exit,
there
was
Gloria's
new
friend
with
"her"
ice-cream.
Now
you
and
I
both
know
what
happened,
because
we
know
that
an
ice-cream
won't
last
twenty
minutes
on
a
summer
afternoon
in
Florida.
Murphy
knew
what
time
we
would
get
off
the
ride;
she
went
to
the
nearest
shop
and
bought
a
brand-new
ice-cream
thirty
seconds
before
we
walked
out
the
exit.
Gloria
said,
"Thank
you,"
but
I'm
sure
she
thought
it
was
the
same
ice-cream.
We
know
that
someone
tried
hard
to
make
our
visit
special.
Thanks
so
much
for
going
above
and
beyond!
Your
fan,
Carmen
Rivera
The
family's
visit
to
the
Magic
Kingdom
was
.
helpful
B)
awful
C)
frightening
D)
amazing
Before
the
ride,
Gloria
cried
because
.
she
couldn't
find
her
parents
in
the
line
B)
she
was
too
little
to
take
the
ride
C)
she
couldn't
take
her
ice-cream
on
the
ride
D)
she
had
to
wait
for
twenty
minutes
Murphy
was
waiting
for
Gloria
after
the
ride.
in
the
ice-cream
shop
B)
at
the
exit
C)
in
the
front
of
the
line
D)
at
the
entrance
In
order
to
keep
the
promise,
Murphy
.
took
Gloria
to
the
nearest
shop
B)
asked
her
new
friend
to
help
Gloria
C)
helped
Gloria
get
off
the
ride
D)
bought
a
new
ice-cream
for
Gloria
The
underlined
word
"someone"
in
the
last
paragraph
refers
to
(指的是)
.
Murphy
B)
Disney
C)
Gloria
D)
Carmen
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
D;
2.
C;
3.
B;
4.
D;
5.
A
Practice
使用说明：此篇文章选自
2006
年中考真题。
☆
While
reading
Choose
the
best
answer.
For
99%
of
human
history,
people
took
their
food
from
the
world
around
them.
They
ate
all
that
they
could
find,
and
then
moved
on.
Then
about
10,000
years
ago,
or
for
1%
of
human
history,
people
learned
to
farm
the
land.
The
kind
of
food
we
eat
depends
on
which
part
of
the
world
we
live
in,
or
which
part
of
our
country
we
live
in.
For
example,
in
the
south
of
China
they
eat
rice,
but
in
the
north
they
eat
noodles.
In
European
countries
near
the
sea,
people
eat
a
lot
of
fishes.
In
central
(
中
部
)
Europe,
away
from
the
sea,
people
don’t
eat
so
much
fish,
they
eat
more
meat.
In
Germany
and
Poland
there
are
hundreds
of
different
kinds
of
sausages.
In
North
America,
Australia,
and
Europe,
people
eat
with
knives
and
forks.
In
China,
people
eat
with
chopsticks.
In
parts
of
India
and
the
Middle
East
people
use
their
fingers
and
bread
to
pick
up
food.
Nowadays
it
is
possible
to
transport
(运输)
food
easily
from
one
part
of
the
world
to
the
other.
We
can
eat
what
we
like,
when
we
like,
at
any
time
of
the
year.
In
Britain,
bananas
come
from
Africa;
rice
comes
from
India
or
the
USA;
strawberries
come
from
Chile
or
Spain.
Food
is
very
big
business.
But
people
in
poor
countries
are
still
hungry,
and
people
in
rich
countries
eat
too
much.
10,000
years
ago,
people
.
learned
to
farm
the
land
B)
cooked
different
kinds
of
food
C)
couldn’t
find
food
around
them
D)
transported
food
from
one
country
to
another
In
central
Europe,
away
from
the
sea,
people
eat
.
more
noodles
B)
much
fish
C)
more
meat
D)
much
rice
In
North
America,
Australia,
and
Europe,
people
.
eat
with
chopsticks
B)
eat
with
knives
and
forks
C)
use
their
fingers
to
pick
up
food
D)
use
bread
to
pick
up
food
have
many
kinds
of
sausages.
Chile
and
Spain
B)
America
and
Australia
C)
China
and
Japan
D)
Germany
and
Poland
Which
of
the
following
sentences
is
NOT
true?
What
we
eat
depends
on
where
we
live.
Poor
countries
are
still
having
food
problems.
Rich
countries
don’t
need
food
from
other
countries.
Nowadays
we
can
eat
what
we
like
at
any
time
of
the
year.
Which
is
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
Ways
to
Find
Food
B)
Food
Around
the
World
C)
Food
Choices
D)
World
Food
Problems
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
A;
2.
C;
3.
B;
4.
D;
5.
C;
6.
B
使用说明：此篇文章选自
2007
年中考真题。
Choose
the
best
answer.
“I
can’t
believe
this
is
happening,”
I
thought
as
I
saw
Jane
walk
into
the
restaurant.
She
hadn’t
changed
at
all.
She
was
still
tall
and
beautiful,
with
wavy
blonde
hair
and
bright
green
eyes.
I
smiled
and
thought
of
how
my
life
had
changed
since
we
had
last
met.
It
all
started
when
I
noticed
her
at
a
party
in
a
friend’s
house.
I
followed
her
to
the
dining-room
and
started
talking
to
her
about
the
food.
“You
seem
very
interested
in
food,”
she
laughed.
“Well,
I’m
a
great
cook,”
I
told
her.
It
was
a
lie,
but
I
had
to
find
an
excuse
to
see
her
again.
“Why
don’t
I
cook
you
dinner
sometime?”
Two
days
later,
Jane
came
to
my
house.
However,
the
dinner
party
was
very
embarrassing(尴尬的).
I
ordered
food
from
a
nearby
restaurant,
but
I
told
her
that
I
had
cooked
it.
After
dinner,
she
offered
to
wash
up
and
found
the
delivery
boxes
in
the
kitchen.
She
laughed
at
me
and
I
felt
awful.
Angry
with
myself,
I
decided
then
and
there
to
learn
how
to
cook.
I
never
saw
Jane
after
our
terrible
dinner
date.
I
started
a
cookery
course
and
found
that
I
was
good
at
it
after
all.
I
went
on
to
train
to
be
a
great
cook.
I
worked
hard
and
saved
up
until
I
was
able
to
open
my
own
restaurant.
Now,
she
had
walked
into
my
restaurant.
Feeling
very
happy,
I
pretended
I
was
a
waiter
and
walked
to
her
table.
“Ready
to
order,
madam?”
I
asked.
The
writer
met
Jane
at
a
for
the
first
time.
restaurant
B)
party
C)
bar
D)
hotel
During
their
first
talk,
the
writer
.
showed
Jane
how
rich
he
was
B)
told
Jane
how
much
he
loved
her
C)
showed
Jane
how
m
cook
a
dish
D)
told
Jane
he
was
good
at
cooking
The
writer
said,
“Why
don’t
I
cook
you
dinner
sometime?”
because
he
wanted
to
.
show
Jane
that
he
was
a
good
cook
B)
help
Jane
with
her
housework
C)
get
a
job
as
a
cook
and
make
Jane
happy.
D)
find
an
excuse
to
see
Jane
again
Jane
didn’t
find
out
the
truth
until
.
someone
else
told
her
about
it
B)
the
writer
himself
told
her
about
it
C)
she
happened
to
find
the
delivery
boxes
D)
she
tasted
the
food
the
writer
had
cooked
The
writer
became
the
owner
of
a
restaurant
because
.
he
had
an
experienced
cook
there
B)
his
friends
helped
him
a
lot
C)
he
learned
his
lesson
and
worked
hard
D)
Jane
had
joined
him
in
the
business
From
the
story
we
know
that
.
the
writer’s
life
didn’t
change
at
all
B)
the
writer’s
life
changed
a
lot
C)
the
writer
became
a
waiter
in
a
restaurant
D)
the
writer
invited
Jane
to
his
restaurant
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
B;
2.
D;
3.
D;
4.C;
5.
C;
6.
B