牛津上海版八年级寒假辅导—04—音标4—8A Unit 4复习—8B Unit 4单词预习—数词—阅读理解D篇学案

八年级英语寒假班（牛津版）
字母组合
音标
例词
oi
/?i/
voice
coin
boil
oo
/u:/
roof
tooth
food
/u/
cook
foot
wool
/?/
flood
blood
bloodshed
or
/?/
doctor
actor
author
/?:/
work
world
worse
/?:/
corner
force
store
ou
/au/
shout
proud
sound
/?/
young
touch
couple
/u:/
group
soup
through
/?/
dangerous
famous
delicious
ow
/au/
flower
brown
town
/?u/
throw
below
follow
选出画线部分发音与其他三个读音不同的单词。
（
）1.
A.
summer
B.
just
C.
ruler
D.
truck
★
（
）2.
A.
learn
B.
earth
C.
near
D.
early
★
（
）3.
A.
near
B.
hear
C.
learn
D.
dear
★
（
）4.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
where
D.
whose
★
（
）5.
A.
face
B.
nice
C.
city
D.
circle
★
（
）6.
A.
what
B.
white
C.
whose
D.
when
★
（
）7.
A.
seat
B.
mean
C.
leave
D.
bread
★
（
）8.
A.
seat
B.
mean
C.
leave
D.
break
★
（
）9.
A.
many
B.
any
C.
ask
D.
egg
★
（
）10.
A.
here
B.
where
C.
there
D.
wear
★
（
）11.
A.
book
B.
wood
C.
school
D.
good
★★
（
）12.
A.
noodle
B.
moon
C.
foot
D.
noon
★★
（
）13.
A.
world
B.
doctor
C.
word
D.
work
★★
（
）14.
A.
sport
B.
horse
C.
short
D.
word
★★
（
）15.
A.
pool
B.
door
C.
floor
D.
indoor
★★
（
）16.
A.
three
B.
think
C.
mouth
D.
clothes
★★
（
）17.
A.
driver
B.
her
C.
teacher
D.
brother
★★
（
）18.
A.
house
B.
mouth
C.
ground
D.
country
★★
（
）19.
A.
they
B.
thank
C.
there
D.
with
★★
（
）20.
A.
zoos
B.
desks
C.
chairs
D.
toys
★★
【答案】1.C
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.D
6.C
7.D
8.D
9.C
10.A
11.C
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.A
16.D
17.B
18.D
19.B
20.B
一、基数词与序数词.
基数词
基数词表示数量。13
~
19
的基数词都以-teen
结尾，如：thirteen,
nineteen
等。
20
~
90
十位数的整数都以-ty
结尾，如：twenty,
ninety
等。
表示两位数词时，十位与各位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数次，在百位数与后两位数之间，要用
and
连接。如：four
hundred
and
ninety-seven。注意，千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开，如：five
thousand,
three
hundred
and
twenty。
在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred,
thousand,
million
都要用单数形式。如：several
hundred,
two
thousand,
ten
million
等。在表示大概数目时，则用hundreds
of,
thousands
of,
millions
of。
数词与其它词构成复合形容词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：an
eight-cent-stamp
a
three-month-old
baby。
序数词
序数词表示顺序，使用时一般前面要加定冠词。基数词变序数词有一定的规律，下面的口诀可帮助你记忆：
基变序有规律，123
特殊记。th
要从
4
加起，8
减
t,
9
去
e。ty
变成
tie,
ve
要用
f
替。
若要变为几十几，只变各位就可以。
有时序数词前不用定冠词，表示“再一、又一”的意思。如：
Soon
the
Greens
had
a
second
child---a
son.
二、数词的应用.
1.表编号.
结构:①名词(首字母要大写)
+
基数词
②the
+序数词
+名词
如：Lesson
One，the
first
lesson
注：有些编号，一般仅用第一种表达法，如：Room
101
表示
101
号房间。
hundred
/
thousand
/million
/billion
若
hundred
/
thousand
/million
/billion
前有基数词时,其后不加
s,也不加
of。若没有时,既加
s
也要带
of。
Every
year
visitors
come
to
China
.
There
are
two
students
in
our
school
.
A.thousand
B.thousands
C.thousands
of
D.thousand
of
【答案】C
A
若其前有
several,
about,
over(more
than)修饰时,后面只能用（数字+）hundred
/
thousand
/million
/billion
的形式，不能用
hundred
/
thousand
/million
/billion
of
About
three
students
are
volunteers.
A.
hundreds
B.
hundred
C.
hundred
of
D.
hundreds
of
【答案】B
若名词前有the
修饰时，用单数，后接
of
Two
the
students
in
our
school
are
from
the
countryside
.
A.hundred
B.
hundred
of
C.hundreds
of
D.hundreds
【答案】B
几个半的表达法:
①基数词
+
and
+
a
half
+名词复数
②基数词
+名词(单数/复数)
+and
+a
half
如：two
and
a
half
hours，two
hours
and
a
half
时刻表达法:
整点:
基数词
+
o’clock
2)几点几分:
直接读法:
先读小时
,后读分钟
3:25
three
twenty-five
间接读法:
≤30
分钟.
分钟+
past
+
小时
3：25
twenty-five
past
three
＞30
分钟.
(
60-分钟
)+
to
+
(小时数+1)
3:55
five
to
four
30
分钟
(
)
half
15
分钟(
)a
quarter
45
分钟(
)
three
quarters
3:30
half
past
three
3:15
a
quarter
past
three
3:45
a
quarter
to
four
日期表达法:
1）年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。如：
1950
读作
nineteen
fifty
1800
读作eighteen
hundred
2000
读作
two
thousand
日期的读法有两种
①先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：9
月
29
日可读作
September
(the)
twenty-ninth
②先日后月，在月份之前加
of
。如：9
月
29
日也可读作
the
twenty-ninth
of
September
③年月日同时出现，年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。如：2005
年
2
月
1
日可写成
the
first
of
February
,2005
或
February
(the)
first
,
2005
分数词的表达法:
结构:
a)分子用基数词,分母用序数词.
b)当分子大于
1
时,分母加复数.
3/4
three
fourths
(three-fourths)
注意:
a)分数词的几种特殊形式.
1/3—one
third
(
)
a
third
1/4—one
fourth
(
)
a
quarter
1/2—one
second
(
)
a
half
3/4—three
fourths
(
)
three
quarters
b）分数词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数，要根据分数词本身代表的是单数还是复数而定。Two-thirds
of
the
snow
in
the
fields
has
melted.
田野里三分之二的雪都融化了。
Two-thirds
of
the
students
in
this
class
are
boys.
这个班三分之二的学生都是男生。
Two
fifths
of
the
milk
(be
)
drunk
by
Tom
.
One
third
of
the
students
(be
)girls。
加减乘除的英语表达
plus
/
and
加，
minus
减，
times
/
multiplied
by
乘，divided
by
除。如：
12
+
8
=
?
How
much
is
twelve
plus
/and
eight?
40
-11=
29
Forty
minus
eleven
is
/
equals
twenty-nine.
3×6
=18
Three
times
six
is
/
equals
eighteen
56÷7=?
How
much
is
fifty-six
divided
by
seven?
倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+
as
+
adj.
+
as
I
have
three
times
as
many
as
you.
我有你三倍那么多。
主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+
the
size
(amount，length…)
of…
The
earth
is
49
times
the
size
of
the
moon.
地球是月球的
49
倍。
主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+
形容词（副词）比较级+
than…
The
grain
output
is
8
percent
higher
this
year
than
that
of
last
year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加
8%。
还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍
The
production
of
grain
has
been
increased
by
four
times
this
year.
今年粮食产量增加了
4
倍。
1.A:
When
will
you
go
to
see
your
grandma?
B:
On
Friday,
.
★
A.
fifth
November
B.
the
fifth
of
November
C.
the
five
of
November
D.
five
November
2.He
is
in
our
class.
★
A.
the
third
tallest
B.
third
tallest
C.
the
three
tallest
D.
three
tallest
About
of
the
teachers
in
our
school
are
women
teachers.
★
A.
two-nine
B.
two-ninth
C.
two-ninths
D.
two-nineths
Over
pound
have
been
raised
for
the
poor
children
there.
★
A.
four
million
B.
four
million
of
C.
four
millions
D.
four
millions
of
5.
Christmas
Day
is
on
each
year.
★
A.
December,
25
B.
25th
of
December
C.
the
December
25
D.the
25th
of
December
6.The
secretary
was
busy
preparing
a
speech
for
the
president
last
night.
★★
A.
two-thousands-word
B.
two-thousands-words
C.
two-thousand-word
D.
two-thousand-words
7.
The
store
sells
dresses
a
month.
★★
A.
several
thousand
B.
several
thousands
C.
several
of
thousand
D.
several
thousand
of
8.
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
more
than
two
.
★★
A.
are
…
thousands
B.
is
…
thousand
C.
are
…
thousand
D.
is
…
thousands
9.How
deep
is
the
hole?
It
is
.
★★
A.
four
metre
deep
B.
four
metres
deep
C.
four-metre
deep
D.
four-metres-deep
I
think
is
the
worst
part
of
the
play.
★★
A.
act
5th
B.
5th
act
C.
Act
5
D.
the
act
5
【答案】1.B
2.A
3.C
4.A
5.D
6.C
7.A
8.B
9.B
10.C
一、写出下列数词的基数词
28
44
99
314
519
【难度】★
455
3,990
813
10,200,700
【答案】twenty-eight;
forty-four;
ninety-nine;
three
hundred
and
fourteen;
four
hundred
and
fifty-five;
eight
hundred
and
thirteen;
five
hundred
and
nineteen;
three
thousand
nine
hundred
and
ninety;
ten
million
two
hundred
thousand
seven
hundred
二、写出下列数词的序数词one
five
twelve
two
eight
twenty
three
nine
ninety-nine
160
875
【难度】★
【答案】first;
second;
third;
fifth;
eighth;
ninth;
twelfth;
twentieth;
ninety-ninth;
one
hundred
and
sixtieth;
eight
hundred
and
seventy-fifth
三、用英语表示分数
1/2
1/4
3/4
2/7
9/10
2/5
【难度】★
3/20
5/3
【
答
案
】
one-second;
one
fourth;
three-fourths;
two-sevenths;
nine-tenths;
two-fifths;
three-twentieths;
five-thirds
四、用英语表示百分数
98%
0.8%
【难度】★
97.3%
0.15%
【答案】ninety-eight
percent;
ninety-seven
point
three
percent;
zero
point
eight
percent;
zero
point
one
five
percent
五、时刻、月日、年份表达
1.
7:
30
.
2.
6:15
.
3.
8:45
.
13
/
22
4.
4
月
5
日
.
5.
7
月
2
日
.
6.
1998
.
7.
1853
.
8.
2000
.
9.
2004
.
10.
1997
年
9
月
1
日
.
11.
2009
年
10
月
9
日
.
【难度】★
【答案】1.
Half
past
seven;
2.
A
quarter
past
six；
3.
A
quarter
to
nine;
4.
April
the
fifth;
5.
July
the
second;
6.
Nineteen
ninety-eight;
7.
Eighteen
fifty-three;
8.
Two
thousand;
9.
Two
thousand
and
four;
10.
September
the
first,
1997;
11.
October
the
ninth,
2009
5.回答问题
Presentation
阅读
D
篇考试指南
侧重点：阅读
D
篇的难度一般不会大，只要细心看文章、认真读题、用心
选
择
，
基
本
上
能
够
全
对
。
一
般
情
况
下
都
是
细
节
型
---
6w
(when-what-who-why-where-how)的题型，需要仔细看文章.最后一题是开放性问题，没有唯一答案，只要你的答案合理没有错误就可以。
答题要领
△先仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，把握文章意思，然后再研读跟问题相关的句子、句子的关键词/短语等
△在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼出问题答案的表述内容；
△记住要看清问题，不要答非所问，同时表述的句子内容要简洁明了、语法正确、语句通顺、书写规范，不要照搬照抄原文的句子
Answer
the
questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题):
Nowadays
there
is
less
and
less
contact(联络)
between
the
old
and
the
young.
There
are
mainly
four
reasons
for
this,
including
the
breakdown
of
the
big
family,
working
parents
with
little
time
to
take
care
of
their
child,
families
that
have
moved
away,
and
smaller
flats
with
no
room
for
grandparents.
But
the
results
are
the
same
—
increasing
numbers
of
children
without
grandparents
and
old
people
who
have
no
contact
with
children,
more
old
people
who
are
lonely
and
feel
useless,
and
more
and
more
families
with
young
children
who
need
more
love
and
care.
It’s
a
big
problem
in
many
countries.
Now
intergenerational(代际交流)
programmes,
designed
to
bring
the
old
and
the
young
together,
are
growing
popular
all
over
the
world.
There
are
successful
examples
of
such
programmes.
There
are
schemes(方案)
which
involve
older
people
visiting
families
who
are
having
problems,
maybe
looking
after
the
children
for
a
while
to
give
the
tired
mother
a
break.
Or
“adopt
a
grandparent”
schemes
in
which
children
write
letters
or
visit
a
lonely
old
person
in
their
area.
One
successful
scheme
in
London
pairs(使结对)
young
volunteer
with
old
people
who
are
losing
their
sight.
The
young
people
help
with
practical
things
such
as
reading
newspapers,
reading
bank
statements
and
helping
with
shopping,
and
the
older
people
can
pass
on
their
knowledge
and
experience
to
their
young
visitors.
For
example,
a
retired
judge
may
be
paired
with
a
teenager
who
wants
to
study
law.
If
older
people
can
understand
and
accept
the
youth
of
today,
and
so
do
the
youth,
there
will
be
less
conflict(矛盾)
in
the
world.
Is
there
more
and
more
contact
between
the
old
and
the
young?
.
How
many
reasons
are
mentioned(提到)
for
this
situation?
.
Many
old
people
feel
lonely
and
useless,
don’t
they?
.
What
is
designed
to
bring
the
old
and
the
young
together?
.
Where
does
the
successful
scheme
pair
young
volunteers
with
old
people
who
are
losing
their
sight?
.
If
you
take
part
in
the“adopt
a
grandparent”
scheme,
will
you
pass
on
yourexperience
or
visit
a
lonely
old
person?
I
will
.
Why
are
intergenerational
programmes
growing
popular
all
over
the
world?
.
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
No,
there
isn’t.
Four/4.
Yes,
they
do.
Intergenerational
programmes.
In
London.
I
will
visit
a
lonely
old
person.
Because
they
help
the
young
and
the
old
understand
and
accept
each
other.
当堂训练
使用说明：该篇文章为
2015
年黄浦区二模试题。
☆While
reading
Answer
the
questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题):
If
your
home
is
like
most
others,
you’ve
probably
got
a
recycling(回收
)bin
in
your
kitchen.
Good
for
you.
That’s
the
first
step
to
recycling.
But
there
are
other
things
that
both
parents
and
kids
can
do
to
make
recycling
work
better.
First,
what
kinds
of
rubbish
bins
are
in
the
other
rooms
of
your
house?
What
about
in
your
bedroom?
You’ve
probably
just
got
one
rubbish
bin
where
everything
goes.
But
it’s
a
good
idea
to
place
a
special
bin
for
recycling
paper.
Then,
when
it
goes
full,
you
can
empty
it
into
a
larger
recycling
bin
in
the
kitchen.
You
can
also
put
a
small
recycling
bin
in
the
bathroom
for
any
useless
paper
there.
Before
you
throw
an
item
into
the
recycling
bin,
stop
and
think
if
you
can
use
that
item
again.
Take
plastic
items
with
yoghurt,
for
example.
After
eating
what’s
in
them,
you
can
clean
them
and
store
them
in
a
cupboard,
and
later
you
can
use
them
for
storing
another
food
item.
You
can
do
the
same
with
the
glass
jars,
too.
You
can
also
share
your
recycling
advice
with
your
neighbours.
If
you
decide
to
put
an
item
in
the
recycling
bin,
it’s
very
important
to
follow
this
method.
If
it
has
food
or
drink
in
it,
you
must
clean
it
before
you
put
it
in
the
recycling
bin.
It
can’t
be
recycled
with
food
still
in
it.
You
should
place
the
item
under
the
running
water
for
a
few
seconds
to
clean
it.
This
saves
time
for
the
workers
in
the
recycling
center.
Then
they
can
use
their
time
doing
more
important
work.
The
last
thing
to
remember
is:
don’t
give
up!
Recycling
is
a
whole
life
task
and
you
mustn’t
just
do
recycling
for
a
month
and
then
return
to
your
old
habits.
You
can
also
continue
to
find
other
ways
to
recycle.
So
make
recycling
your
new
habit,
and
get
others
involved
as
well!
Is
it
good
for
you
to
have
a
recycling
binin
your
kitchen?
.
Where
can
you
put
a
small
recycling
bin
for
any
useless
paper?
.
What
should
you
do
before
you
throw
an
item
into
the
recycling
bin?
.
Why
must
you
clean
the
item
before
you
put
it
in
the
recycling
bin?
.
How
long
shall
we
have
the
habit
of
recycling?
.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
It
.
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
Yes
(,
it
is).
2.
In
the
bathroom.
3.(I
should)Stop
and
think
if
I
can
use
that
item
again.
Because
it
can’t
be
recycled
with
food
still
in
it
and
this
saves
time
for
the
workers
in
the
recycling
center.
For
a
whole
life.
It’s
about
why
to
keep
a
recycling
bin
(at
home)and
(some
advice
on)
how
to
make
recyclingwork
better
at
home.(Any
reasonable
answer
is
acceptable.)
使用说明：该篇文章为
2012
年闵行区一模试题。
Answer
the
questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题):
Anna
lived
on
the
side
of
a
valley
in
Australia.
Although
she
was
poor,
she
was
always
helpful.
One
winter,
there
was
a
very
big
flood,
and
a
lot
of
houses
were
washed
away.
Anna’s
house
was
high
enough
to
escape
the
flood.
So,
when
the
water
had
disappeared,
here
house
was
not
damaged.
However,
Anna’s
house
was
quite
small
and
there
were
only
two
little
bedrooms.
Her
husband
died
of
illness
when
their
four
children
were
very
young.
But,
Anna
shared
her
house
with
one
of
the
families
that
had
lost
everything
in
the
flood
until
it
was
possible
for
them
to
rebuild
their
own
house.
Anna’s
friends
were
very
puzzled
when
they
saw
Anna
do
this.
They
could
not
understand
why
Anna
wanted
to
give
herself
so
much
more
work
and
trouble
when
she
had
so
many
children
to
support.
Life
would
be
even
harder
when
another
family
joined
them.
“Well,”
Anna
explained
to
her
friends,
“
30
years
ago,
a
woman
in
the
town
where
I
then
lived
in
Germany
found
herself
very
poor,
because
her
husband
had
been
killed
in
the
war,
and
she
had
a
lot
of
children,
as
I
have
now.”
The
day
before
Christmas,
the
woman
said
to
her
children,
“We
won’t
have
much
for
Christmas
this
year,
so
I
am
going
to
get
only
one
gift
for
all
of
us
and
I
am
sure
we
will
all
be
glad
to
have
it.
Now
I’ll
go
and
get
it.”
She
came
back
with
a
little
girl
who
was
eve
poorer
than
they,
and
who
had
no
parents.
“Here
is
our
gift,”
she
said
to
her
children.
“The
children
were
very
excited
and
happy
to
get
such
a
gift.
They
welcomed
the
little
girl,
and
she
grew
up
as
their
sister.
I
was
that
Christmas
gift.”
Was
Anna’s
house
washed
away
in
the
big
flood?
.
How
many
people
were
there
in
Anna’s
family?
.
How
did
Anna’s
friends
feel
when
she
shared
her
house
with
a
homeless
family?
.
Where
did
Anna
live
30
years
ago?
.
Who
was
once
given
as
a
Christmas
gift
to
a
poor
family?
.
Why
did
Anna
like
to
help
the
poor?
.
【难度】★★
【答案】1.
No,
it
wasn't.
There
were
five
/
five
people
(
in
her
family
).
/
Five.
They
felt
(very)
puzzled,
She
lived
(in
a
town)
in
Germany.
/In
Germany.
Anna.
Because
she
was
once
helped
by
the
poor.
/
The
poor
once
helped
her.
(Any
reasonable
answer
is
acceptable.)