牛津上海版八年级寒假辅导—07—8A Unit 7复习—8B Unit7单词预习—形容词副词—阅读综合类学案

八年级英语寒假班（牛津版）
(一)
形容词和副词的概述：
Presentation-形容词和副词
形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其它副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀-ly。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目，
也是中考重要考查内容。考查重点是：
考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。
①.
形容词的用法和位置
形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如：
Computers
are
very
useful
in
our
everyday
life.
Leaves
turn
yellow
in
autumn.
形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如：
This
is
an
unhealthy
diet.
There
is
nothing
important
in
today’s
newspaper.
形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如：
You
should
keep
your
classroom
clean
and
tidy.
I
found
it
difficult
to
get
on
well
with
the
manager.
②.
副词的用法和位置
副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：
时间副词。常用的有：ago,
before,
now,
then,
soon,
already,
yet
等。
地点副词。常用的有：here,
there,
up,
down,
above,
below,
inside,
outside
等。疑问副词。常用的有：where,
when,
why,
how
等。
程度副词。常见的有：very,
much,
so,
too,
quite,
enough
等。
方式副词。多由“形容词+ly”后缀构成。如：carefully,
quickly,
easily,
quietly
等。
频度副词。常用的有：always,
often,
sometimes,
usually,
hardly,
never
等。
副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当宾语、表语等。如：
It’s
snowing
heavily
outside.
(状语，修饰动词)
I
have
never
heard
such
a
beautiful
voice.
（状语，修饰动词）
Unluckily,
he
failed
in
this
physics
exam
again.
（状语，修饰整个句子）
He
was
too
excited
to
say
a
word.
（状语，修饰形容词）
Class
is
over.
（表语）
The
weather
here
is
different
from
that
of
Singapore.
（定语）
程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词或副词之前，但
enough
则要放在后面。如：
It
was
much
more
freezing
today
than
yesterday.
He
ran
so
fast
that
I
couldn’t
catch
up
with
him.
We
got
up
early
enough
to
catch
the
first
bus.
频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，be
动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：
I
have
never
been
late
or
class.
You
must
always
work
like
that.
考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：
1）
在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加-er,
est。
一般情况在词尾加-er,
est。如：hard
harder
hardest
以字母
e
结尾的只加-r,
st。如：large
larger
largest
以辅音字母+y
结尾的，先改
y
为
i,
再加-er,
est。如：healthy
healthier
healthiest
单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er,
est。如：thin
thinner
thinnest
注：词尾为ow,
er,
le
结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：
narrow
narrower
narrowest
clever
cleverer
cleverest
simple
simpler
simplest
在多音节和部分双音节的词前加
more,
most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都能用这种形式。如：
serious
more
serious
most
serious
popular
more
popular
most
popular
tired
more
tired
most
tired
pleased
more
pleased
most
pleased
不规则变化
good
/
well
better
best
bad
/
ill
/
badly
worse
worst
many
/
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
/
further
farthest
/
farthest
old
older
/
elder
oldest
/
eldest
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常用句型用法
①同级比较。常用句型为：
肯定结构：as
+
形容词（副词）原级
+
as
如：
否定结构：not
so(as)
+
形容词（副词）原级
+
as
如：
Our
garden
is
as
beautiful
as
theirs.
Jane
didn’t
write
as
/
so
carefully
as
her
elder
sister.
上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：
This
room
is
three
times
as
large
as
that
one.
②
程度不等的比较，常与
than
连用，其基本句型是：
A
+
形容词（副词）比较级
+
than
+
B
如：
Shanghai
is
bigger
than
any
other
city
in
China.
Which
do
you
like
better,
strawberries
or
grapes?
③
最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：
the
+
形容词（副词）最高级
+
比较范围（of
/
among
/
in
短语）如:
Spring
is
the
best
season
in
Shanghai.
David
is
the
cleverest
among
the
three
brothers.
Tom
jumps
(the)
farthest
of
all
the
students.
注：副词的最高级前加the
可以省略。
考查比较级、最高级的注意点①
同类事物进行比较。②
将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。③
使用最高级应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。
比较的对象应当一致。如：
EP:
It’s
hotter
in
Guangzhou
than
Beijing.
(误)
It’s
hotter
in
Guangzhou
than
in
Beijing.
（正）
A
woman’s
heart
beats
faster
than
a
man.
(误)
A
woman’s
heart
beats
faster
than
a
man’s.
（正）
不能与自身相比较。应借助
other
或
else
来表达排除。如：
EP:
Beckham
is
more
popular
than
any
football
player
in
the
world.
(误)
Beckham
is
more
popular
than
any
other
football
player
in
the
world.
（
正
）
Beckham
is
more
popular
than
all
the
other
football
players
in
the
world.
（正）
Beckham
is
more
popular
than
any
football
player
else
in
the
world.
（
正
）
Beckham
is
the
most
popular
football
player
in
the
world.
（正）
考查比较级的重要句型。
比较级与许多热点句型：from
bad
to
worse/worse
and
worse（每况愈下）;
more
and
more（越来越多的，越来越……）;
the+比较级，the+比较级（越……越……）。
EP:
A
block
of
ice
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller.
I
am
more
and
more
interested
in
history.
The
sooner,
the
better.
(越快越好。)
The
busier
he
is,
the
happier
he
feels.
考查比较级的程度修饰语。如：much,
a
lot,
even,
still,
a
bit,
a
little，far
等。
EP:
This
pair
of
shoes
is
even
cheaper.
The
new
textbook
is
a
little
thicker
than
the
old
one.
He
is
five
years
younger
than
I
.
考查易混形容词与副词的区别
EP:
hard
努力的—hardly
几乎不
near
附近－nearly
几乎
high
高－highly
高度地
most
大多数－mostly
大部分
deep
深入地下的－
deeply
深深地
wide
（眼，嘴）张的大大的－widely
广泛地
late
晚－
lately
最近，近来
close
靠近－
closely
亲密地
例题讲解
Choose
the
best
choice
(选择题)
The
singer
looked
and
she
sang
.★
A.
beautiful...beautiful
B.
beautiful…beautifully
C.
beautifully...beautiful
D.
beautifully…beautifully
What
a
cough!
You
seem
ill.★
A.
terrible;
terribly
B.
terribly;
terrible
C.
terrible;
terrible
D.
terribly;
terribly
The
teacher
found
him
pupil.★
A.
a
not
honest
B.
was
an
honest
C.
an
honest
D.
is
an
honest
A:
“This
type
of
MP3
is
really
cheap!”★★
B:
“The
the
better.
I’m
short
of
money,
you
see.”
A.
cheap
B.
cheaper
C.
cheapest
D.
most
cheap.
I
think
physics
is
difficult
than
English
.★
A.
very
B.
too
C.
much
D.
much
more
Shanghai
is
among
cities
in
the
world.★★
A.
larger
B.
the
larger
C.
the
largest
D.
largest
Pass
my
glass
to
me,
Jack.
I
can
read
the
words
in
the
newspaper.★★
A.
hardly
B.
clearly
C.
really
D.
nearly
A:“Have
you
got
my
e-mail
today?”★★★
B:
“Oh,
there
is
with
my
computer.
It
doesn’t
work.”
A.
something
wrong
B.
anything
wrong
C.
nothing
wrong
D.
everything
wrong
A:
“Does
Wu
Gang
ever
guess
the
meanings
of
English
words?”★★★
B:
“He
guesses
the
meaning
of
new
words.
He
uses
his
dictionary
all
the
time.”
A.
usually
B.
never
C.
always
D.
sometimes
Now
the
air
in
our
hometown
is
than
it
was
before.
Something
must
be
done
to
stop
air
pollution.★★★
A.
much
cheaper
B.
more
better
C.
much
worse
D.
more
worse
【答案】1.B
2.A
3.C
4.B
5.D
6.C
7.A
8.A
9.B
10.C
II.
用括号内的适当形式填空：
They
climbed
up
Mount
Qomolongma
.
(success)
Allan
was
very
(care)
yesterday
and
broke
one
of
his
legs.
We
have
(little)
rain
this
year
than
last
year.
I
think
I
can
do
much
(well)
in
English
than
last
year.
In
the
game
you
must
keep
your
eyes
.
(close)
China
is
one
of
the
countries
with
the
(long)
history.
Mary
is
the
(fat)
of
the
two
girls.
That’s
too
expensive.
Have
you
got
anything
.
(cheap).
They
looked
at
the
master
and
felt
quite
.
(angry)
English
is
used
(wide)
than
French
in
the
world.
【答案】1,
successfully
2,
careless
3,
less
4,
better
5,
closed
6,
longest
7,
fatter
8,
cheaper
9,
angrily,
angry
10,
more
widely
Read
the
passage
and
then
choose
the
best
answer.
(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)
Many
scientists
think
that
the
earth
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
If
the
change
continues,
the
natural
world
and
human
society
will
face
danger.
Scientists
believe
human
activity
is
responsible
for
the
climate
change.
We
produce
too
many
greenhouse
gases.
They
keep
heat
in
the
air
and
make
the
earth
warm.
Many
of
the
world’s
governments
agree.
And
they
want
to
solve
the
problem.
So
from
December
7
to
18,
2009,
they
held
a
conference
in
Copenhagen,
Denmark
to
talk
about
global
warming
and
climate
change.
Representatives(
代
表
)
from
192
countries
and
regions
went
to
the
meeting.
Although
they
have
not
reached
an
agreement,
the
Copenhagen
Accord(《哥本哈根协议》)was
an
important
beginning
to
save
the
earth.
It
was
made
by
a
small
group
of
countries
including
China,
the
US,
India,
Brazil
and
South
Africa.
Some
other
countries
at
the
conference
also
showed
support.
What
are
the
key
points
of
the
Copenhagen
Accord?
The
accord
limits
global
temperature
increases
to
20C
by
2050
compared
to
pre-1850.
Scientists
think
it
could
help
the
world
to
avoid
serious
climate
change.
The
accord
also
says
that
developed
countries
must
promise
to
cut
greenhouse
gas
emissions(排放)to
the
UN
by
January
31,
2010.
The
accord
asks
developed
countries
to
give
money
to
help
developing
countries.
Many
countries
and
organizations
are
disappointed
that
the
conference
didn’t
reach
a
legal
document(法律约定).
And
they
think
the
accord
is
not
clear
enough
about
its
goals.
African
leaders
are
worried
that
the
goal
of
a
20C
global
temperature
increase
isn’t
good
enough,
because
it
will
mean
a
much
higher
increase
in
temperature
across
Africa.
This
could
cause
big
problems
like
food
and
water
shortages
across
the
continent.
Still,
UN
Secretary
General
Ban
Ki-Moon
believes
the
conference
was
an
“improvement”.
“Finally
we
reached
a
deal,”
Ban
said.
‘The
accord
may
not
be
everything
everyone
had
hoped
for,
but
this…is
an
important
beginning.”
阅读目标：
文章脉络梳理和重点词汇句型学习文章脉络分析
What
do
scientists
believe
is
responsible
for
the
climate
change?
A.
Human
activity
B.
Animals
growing
C.
Plants
growing
D.
Too
many
people
【难度】★
【答案】A
【解析】这是一道细节判断题，从原文中的第一段第二行
Scientists
believe
human
activity
is
responsible
for
the
climate
change.
The
Copenhagen
Conference
was
held
.
A.
from
November
7
to
18,
2009
B.
from
December
18
to
January
31,
2010
C.
from
December
7
to
18,
2010
D.
from
December
7
to
18,
2009
【难度】★
【答案】D
【解析】这是一道跟时间相关的细节判断题，从文中的这一句：So
from
December
7
to
18,
2009,
they
held
a
conference
in
Copenhagen。学生在做题时注意年份，月份具体的时间，容易粗心出错。
countries
and
regions
took
part
in
the
Copenhagen
meeting.
A.18
B.20
C.192
D.205
【难度】★
【答案】C
【解析】这是一道细节题，从原文中的第三段：Representatives(
代表)
from
192
countries
and
regions
went
to
the
meeting.
What
did
members
of
the
Copenhagen
Meeting
NOT
talk
about?
A.
Economic
recovery
(经济复苏)
B.
Global
warming
C.
Climate
change
D.
Cutting
greenhouse
gas
emissions
【难度】★★★
【答案】A
【解析】这是一道细节推断题，原文中所提到
the
Copenhagen
Meeting
is
the
beginning
to
save
the
earth,
说明这次会议是跟环境保护有关的，B
项全球变暖，C
项气候变化，D
项减少温室气体的排放都是环境保护的措施，所以应该选A。
What’s
the
attitude（态度）of
African
leaders
towards
the
goal
of
a
20C
global
temperature
increase?
A.
They
are
happy
about
it
B.
They
don’t
care
much
about
it
C.
They
are
worried
about
it
D.
They
support
it
【难度】★★
【答案】C
【解析】这是一道细节判断题，从原文中的第七段：African
leaders
are
worried
that
the
goal
of
a
20C
global
temperature
increase
isn’t
good
enough。判断出非洲领导人对这目标很担忧，所以答案应该选
C
What
does
the
underlined
word
“disappointed”
mean?
worried
because
something
bad
has
happened
sad
because
something
was
not
as
good
as
they
had
hoped
afraid
because
of
something
terrible
upset
because
of
changeable
situation
【难度】★★
【答案】B
【解析】这是一道词义猜测题。A
是一些坏事情的发生，B
是因为事情没有预期的好，C
是因为可怕的事情，D
是因为多变的状况。根据原文中的第六段：很多国家和组织对于这个会议不能形成一个法律约定感到很失望。所以应该选择B。
Which
is
true
about
the
Copenhagen
Accord?
Developing
countries
must
promise
to
cut
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Both
developing
countries
and
developed
countries
should
not
produce
any
greenhouse
gases.
The
EU
agreed
to
give
$3.6
billion
to
help
developing
countries.
The
Copenhagen
Accord
isn’t
a
legal
document,
but
it’s
an
important
beginning
to
save
the
earth.
【难度】★★★
【答案】D
【解析】这是一道推断题。A，B，C
项都是细节知识，D
选项是文章最后一段所提出的观点，也是
the
Copenhagen
Accord
重要的一点，所以应该选D。
Choose
the
best
words
and
complete
the
passage
(选择最恰当的单词完成短文)
A
couple
of
days
ago,
a
brownish
gray
haze（雾霾）
settled
over
Shanghai.
It
was,
of
course,
1
.
There
have
been
several
days
since
then
and
some
people
are
2
that
we
may
be
the
next
city
to
catch
up
with
Beijing,
a
city
was
slowly
covered
by
a
thick
dirty
brown
haze.
The
terrible
pollution
has
not
escaped
the
notice
of
foreigners
in
China,
either.
Recently
a
number
of
foreign
talents
have
left
China.
Marc
van
der
Chijs,
a
co-founder（共同创办人）
of
the
Chinese
Video
site
Tudou
(
土
豆
网
),
said
one
of
the
big
3
he
is
leaving
China
is
that
“the
pollution
is
too
heavy.”
Shanghai
does
have
a
pollution
problem,
but
it
is
not
unsolvable.
There
are
new
laws
to
restrict
harmful
emission
from
cars
and
the
city
is
trying
to
use
“green
technology”
in
its
new
buildings,
factories
and
energy
plants.
But
it
will
take
years
4
we
see
the
wonderful
changes.
In
the
meantime,
we
should
try
to
protect
ourselves,
or
at
5
not
add
to
the
pollution
problem.
We
should
pay
attention
to
the
city’s
pollution
alerts(
警
报
)
and
wear
masks
on
heavily
polluted
days.
We
should
try
to
6
our
energy
consumption(
消
耗
量
).
Remember:
The
more
energy
we
use,
the
more
pollution
we
produce.
1.
A)
land
pollution
B)
water
pollution
C)
air
pollution
D)
noise
pollution
2.
A)
glad
B)
surprised
C)
excited
D)
afraid
3.
A)
reasons
B)
excuses
C)
explanations
D)
complaints
4.
A)
when
B)
after
C)
before
D)
since
5.
A)
least
B)
most
C)
first
D)
last
6.
A)
repair
B)
require
C)
reduce
D)
refuse
【难度】★
【答案】1.
C
2.
D
3.
A
4.
C
5.
A
6.
C
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（共14分）
Make
the
skies
blue
The
streets
of
Dalian,
Liaoning
were
covered
by
snow
a
week
before
Spring
Festival.
However,
instead
of
staying
at
home,
Li
Chunyuan,
a
Junior
1
student
at
No.
42
Middle
School,
went
out
with
her
classmates.
They
made
posters
by
t
1
and
called
on
people
not
to
set
off
fireworks.
The
students
did
this
in
order
to
r
2
air
pollution.
Since
January,
many
cities
in
China
have
seen
a
lot
of
foggy
days.
In
Beijing,
only
five
days
in
January
were
free
of
smog
(雾霾).
An
official
for
the
Ministry
of
Environmental
Protection
told
Beijing
News
that
PM2.5
pollution
is
the
m
3
problem
with
air
pollution.
Poor
air
has
done
harm
to
people’s
health.
Children
and
the
elderly
are
more
at
risk.
A
report
from
Beijing
Children’s
Hospital
shows
that
half
of
the
p
4
had
respiratory
(
呼
吸
道
的
)
problems
from
Jan.
5
to
11.
To
respond
to
the
air
problem,
the
Chinese
government
and
many
Chinese
people
have
started
to
take
action.
Beijing
announced
a
plan
to
use
clean
fuel
in
government
vehicles
and
plant
trees.
It
a
5
asked
citizens
to
set
off
fewer
fireworks
for
the
Spring
Festival
celebration.
They
suggested
that
cars
with
large
emissions
(排放)
should
be
banned
(禁止)
and
factories
should
be
closely
watched.
Three
students
from
No.
4
High
School
in
Beijing
wrote
a
report
to
advise
h
6
to
fight
the
air
pollution.
“We
hope
more
people
will
j
7
us
to
protect
our
environment.
With
all
our
efforts,
the
blue
skies
will
certainly
return
soon,”
said
Shi
Yucong,
one
of
the
three
students.
【难度】★★
【答案】
1.
themselves
2.
reduce
3.
main
4.
patients
5.
also
6.
how
7.
join
Answer
the
questions.
(根据短文内容回答下列问题)
The
Green
Belt
Movement
is
a
community-based
group
in
Kenya.
It
aims
to
help
protect
the
environment,
mainly
through
planting
trees.
The
Green
Belt
Movement
was
started
in
1977
by
Wangari
Maathai.
When
Wangari
started
the
Green
Belt
Movement,
she
thought
much
about
both
people
and
the
environment.
She
thought
that
if
people
grew
the
trees
themselves,
it
would
help
them
to
understand
the
environment
and
develop
their
local
cultures.
Today,
the
Green
Belt
Movement
works
like
this.
Members
from
the
Movement
go
to
communities
to
talk
about
tree
planting
and
starting
nurseries(苗圃).
If
the
local
people
are
interested,
they
can
join
the
Movement
as
a
group.
When
they
join,
they
receive
a
lot
of
information
about
how
to
prepare
the
soil(土壤),
and
collect
and
grow
seeds.
When
the
people
know
what
to
do,
they
can
collect
seeds,
plant
them
into
seedlings(幼苗).
When
the
seedlings
are
big
enough,
they
will
be
planted
on
farms.
The
Green
Belt
Movement
pays
the
nursery
money
for
each
seedling
that
is
still
alive
after
three
months.
The
Green
Belt
Movement
now
has
over
6000
community
nurseries
in
Kenya,
and
many
more
in
other
African
countries.
Over
the
last
30
years,
it
has
planted
more
than
30
million
trees
in
parks
and
on
farms.
The
Green
Belt
Movement
also
runs
programs
to
help
people
start
gardens
and
grow
plants
that
are
local
to
their
area.
This
means
that
many
communities
can
now
take
care
of
almost
all
their
own
food
needs,
and
they
can
often
make
extra
income
as
well.
In
2004,
Wangari
Maathai
won
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
Giving
the
prize
to
Wangari
showed
that
peace
doesn’t
just
mean
stopping
wars.
It
can
also
mean
making
the
world
a
better
place
to
live
in.
What
does
the
Green
Belt
Movement
aim
to
do?
When
was
the
Green
Belt
Movement
started?
The
Green
Belt
Movement
opens
schools
to
teach
people
tree
planting,
doesn’t
it?
What
can
the
nurseries
get
if
the
seedlings
are
still
alive
after
three
months?
How
can
many
communities
take
care
of
their
own
food
needs
now?
Why
was
Wangari
given
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize
for
starting
the
Green
Belt
Movement?
【难度】★★★
【答案】1.
(It
aims)
to
protect
the
environment.
2.
In
1977.
No,
it
doesn’t.
Money.
By
starting
gardens
and
growing
plants
that
are
local
to
their
area.
Because
the
organization
helps
make
the
world
a
better
place
to
live
in.