人教新目标版英语八年级上Unit 2 How often do you exercise?知识点讲解

Unit2
How
often
do
you
exercise?
一、书本重要语法点梳理
help
with
housework帮助做家务
on
weekends在周末
how
often多久一次
hardly
ever几乎从不
once
a
week每周一次
twice
a
month每月两次
be
free有空
go
to
the
movies去看电影
use
the
Internet用互联网
play
tennis打网球
stay
up
late熬夜；睡得很晚
at
least至少
have
dance
and
piano
lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go
to
bed
early早点睡觉
play
sports进行体育活动
be
good
for对……有好处
go
camping去野营
not…at
all一点儿也不……
in
one’s
free
time在某人的业余时间the
most
popular最受欢迎的
such
as比如；诸如
old
habits
die
hard积习难改
go
to
the
dentist去看牙医
more
than多于；超过
less
than少于
How
about…?.....怎么样?…好不好？
sb.+find+that从句.某人发现……
spend
time
with
sb.和某人一起度过时光
spend
time
on
sth
/(in)
doing
sth.
It’s+adj.+to
do
sth.做某事是……的。
by
doing
sth.通过做某事
the
best
way
to
do
sth.做某事的最好方式
What’s
your
favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
二、重点知识讲解：
1.
help
with
housework
帮助做家务
（1）
help
with
sth.
意为“帮助做某事”
拓展：help
sb.
with
sth.=
help
sb.
（to）
do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
Eg:
I
often
help
him
with
his
English.=
.
我经常帮他学习英语。
（2）housework
意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。
They
have
housework
to
do.
A.
many
B.
much
2.
hardly
与hard
的区别
hardly表“几乎不”，用于否定句中。
而hard有以下几种意思：①
困难的
②
努力地
③用来修饰雨或雪下得大
It’s
raining
_________.
I
can
_______
see
the
way.
It’s
very
_______
to
get
to
school.
I
must
study
_________.
hardly为频度副词，意思是“几乎不”。
【辨析】：频率副词always,
usually,
often,
sometimes,
hardly
ever,
never
频率副词
词义
频率
always
总是
100%
usually
通常
90%
often
经常
80%
sometimes
有时
50%
hardly
ever
几乎不
10%
never
从不
0%
exercise的用法v/n
1）动词，锻炼，既可以作不可数名词“锻炼”讲，也可作可数名词“练习”讲。
He
exercises
every
day。We
often
do/take
exercise
on
weekends.
2）do
morning
exercises做早操
do
eye
exercises做眼保健操
Doing
morning
exercises
is
good
for
our
health.做早操对我们的健康有益。
4.
sometimes
=
at
times有时，some
times
几次；
sometime（将来的）某个时候；
some
time
一些时间
①
I
have
visited
Beijing
_____________.
②
___________
I
walk
to
school.
③
I
will
visit
you
______________.
④
The
work
is
difficult,
so
I
need
_____________.
5.
go+v-ing形式表示进行某项活动。“去...”
如：go
swimming/shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking去游泳/购物/滑冰/滑雪/钓鱼/爬山/徒步旅行。
6.be
free意为“有空的”是形容词，其反义词为“be
busy”。
free的另一种意思是“自由的；不受约束的”，其名词形式为freedom。
还有一个意思是“免费的”，They
enjoy
free
medical
care.他们享受免费医疗。
还意为“满的；忙的”是形容词，其反义词有：
full(满的)——empty（空的），full(饱的)——hungry（饿的）。如：
I
am
full,so
I
don’t
want
anything.
我饱了，所以我不想要了。
7.—How
often
do
you
watch
TV?你多久看一次电视？
—Twice
a
week.一周两次。
how
often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词，如always,
usually,
often,
sometimes,
hardly
ever,
never等，或用于回答表示频率的短语，如once
a
day(一天一次)，twice
a
week(一周两次)，
four
times
a
month(一个月四次)，every
day(每一天)等。如：
▲—How
often
does
he
surf
the
Internet?他多久在网上冲浪一次？
—Once
a
week.一周一次。
twice
a
week意思是“一周两次”是一个表示频率的短语，表示频率的短语一般是由“次数＋a＋时间名词”构成；表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示，而表示“三次或三次以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。
如：once
a
month(一个月一次)，twice
a
day(一天两次)，three
times
a
week(一周三次），five
times
a
year(一年五次)等。
（3）疑问词how的用法
1）怎样，用什么手段，方法/交通工具How
did
he
do
it?
/I
don’t
know
how
to
use
the
computer.
(2)情况如何（指身体健康状况）How
are
you?
(3)how
many，how
much表示“多少”
how
many后接可数名词复数，how
much接不可数名词。
How
many
times
do
you
go
to
the
park?
How
much
are
those
pants?
how
many
times询问多少次，其答语表示次数。
如：once,
twice，three
times等
How
many
times
do
you
go
to
the
movies
a
month?
About
three
times.
(5)How
old...?询问年龄How
old
are
you?
I
am
five.
(6)How
about…?……如何？……怎么样？How
about
going
to
the
movies?
(7)how
long询问多长时间，其答语表示一段时间，
如：for
two
days，for
three
hours等。
How
long
will
it
take
to
get
to
the
station？About
half
an
hour。
(8)how
soon用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in
two
hours，in
three
days等。
How
soon
wil
he
come
back？In
an
hour。
与how构成的疑问词还有：
How
tall
多高（人、树）How
high
多高（山、楼）How
far
问距离
(1)
is
it
from
your
home
to
your
school------It’s
two
kilometers
away.
(2)
is
the
room------
It’s
two
meters
wide.
(3)
will
you
stay
in
Beijing
----
For
a
month.
(4)
will
you
finish
the
work-----In
a
month.
(5)
do
you
watch
TV
----
Four
times
a
week.
(6)
How
long
do
you
sleep
every
night？
=
hours
do
you
sleep
every
night
？
8.eat
breakfast意为“吃早饭”同义词组为have
breakfast，其中间不加冠词，但当三餐前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a或an。如：have
a
big
dinner吃一顿丰盛的晚餐
9.
want+名词想要如：I
want
a
job.我想要一份工作。
want
to
do
sth.想要做某事
Do
you
want
to
go
to
the
movies
with
me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
想要某人干某事I
want
you
to
help
me
with
my
math.我想要你帮我学数学。
10．She
says
it’s
good
for
my
health.她说那对我的健康有益。
（1）be
good
for意思是“对……有好处”。如：
▲Doing
exercise
is
good
for
our
health.进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。
【辨析】：be
good
for,
be
good
at与be
good
to
意思是“对……有益”。如：
▲Watching
TV
too
much
is
not
good
for
your
health.
看电视太多对你的身体没有好处。
be
good
at
意思是“擅长于……”。如：▲He
is
good
at
playing
football.他擅长踢足球。
意思是“对……好”。如：
▲The
old
woman
is
good
to
us.那个老太太对我们很好。
（2）health是一个名词，意思是“健康”，它的形容词形式是healthy，意思是“健康的”。如：
▲My
grandmother
is
over
80
years
old,
but
she
is
very
healthy.我奶奶八十多岁了，但她非常健康。
Smoking
is
bad
for
your__________,
you
must
keep
_________.
You
can
eat
________
food.
keep
healthy
=
stay
healthy
=
keep
in
good
health:
保持健康
▲We
should
keep
in
good
health.我们要保持健康。
11.
叫…做某事Teacher
asked
me
to
clean
the
classroom.
叫…不要做某事Teacher
asked
me
not
to
eat
in
the
classroom.
问某人某事The
teacher
asked
the
students
about
their
free
time
activities
向某人求助如：ask
teacher
for
help向老师寻求帮助
12.
go
on
line意为“上网”，其同义词为“use
the
Internet”。
13.
at
least至少
原形little比较级less最高级least
如：we
should
sleep
at
least
8
hours.我们至少得睡8个小时。
反义词：至多
at
most
14.
fifteen
percent
of
the
students
（15%的学生），百分数不用复数，后用of连接要修饰的名词。作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词单复数一致。
Twenty
percent
of
milk
_______
(
be
)
bad.
15.
(n)
惊讶:
to
one’s
surprise
令某人惊讶的是
surprise
in
surprise
惊讶地
be
surprised
at
sth.
对…
感到意外
(v)
使惊奇、意外：
be
surprised
to
do
sth.
惊讶做某事
be
surprised
that
+
从句
to
one’s
surprise令某人惊讶的是　如：
to
their
surprise　令他们惊讶的是　to
Li
Lei’s
surprise令李雷惊讶的是
16.stay
up熬夜
如：I
often
stay
up
until
12:00
p.m.我经常熬夜到12点。
17.although为连词，意思是“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though。
与but作用相同，但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别：汉语中经常说“虽然……但是……”，但在英语中，although和but不能同时使用，即“虽然”和“但是”只能用其一。如：
▲Although
I
get
up
early,I
can’t
catch
the
early
bus.
　=I
get
up
early,
but
I
can’t
catch
the
early
bus.尽管我起得很早，但还是没有赶上早班车。
I
don’t
pass
the
exam,
although
I
study
very
hard.=I
study
very
hard,
but
I
don’t
pass
the
exam.
尽管我努力学习，但考试还是没有及格。
1.
My
cousin
knows
a
lot
about
geography，
he
is
only
four
years
old.
A.
because
B.
so
C.
although
D.
but
相类似的还有because跟so，用了because就不能再用so了。如：
I
didn’t
have
supper,because
I
had
a
stomachache.
=I
had
a
stomachache,
so
I
didn’t
have
supper.
我没有吃饭，因为胃疼。
the
best
way
to
do
sth.做某事的最好方式
原形good比较级better最高级best
如：
I
think
the
best
way
to
relax
is
to
listen
to
music.我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐。
19.maybe
意为“也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。
Eg：Maybe
he
knows
Tom.
也许他认识Tom。
辨析：maybe
和may
be
（1）maybe意思是“也许、可能”，相当于常位于句首,
后接句子。
（2）may
be中，意为“也许是、可能是”,
放句中，后接表语（形容词，名词等）
可转换：Maybe
you
are
right.
==
You
may
be
right.
maybe
“也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）
Maybe
you
are
right.
也许你是对的。
may
be
“可能是，也许是”。
为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）
You
may
be
right.
你也许是对的。
Lily
an
English
teacher.
Lily可能是一名英语老师。
=________________________________________
20.It
is
good
to
relax
by
using
the
Internet
or
watching
game
shows.
通过上网或看游戏类节目是很好的放松方式。
句中it
为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
此句型结构为：It’s+adj+（for
sb.）+to
do
sth.
意为
“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。
e.g：It’s
very
important
to
listen
carefully
in
class.
上课认真听讲很重要。
It’s
easy
for
us
to
swim.
对我们来说游泳很容易。
It’s
very
hard
for
him
to
study
English.
_____________________________________
---I
often
have
hamburgers
for
lunch.
---You’d
better
not.
It’s
bad
for
you
(eat)
too
much
junk
food.
21.spend用法
重点：①
spend
time\money
on
sth.
在......上花费时间或金钱
He
didn’t
spend
much
time
on
his
homework.
他没在作业方面花很多时间。
I
spend
200
yuan
on
a
new
coat.
____________________________________
②
spend
time\money
（in）
doing
sth.
花费时间或金钱做某事
Don’t
spend
too
much
time
watching
TV.
不要花费太多时间看电视。
He
always
spend
his
time
playing
football.
________________________________
I
enjoy
playing
computer
games,
but
I
can’t
spend
too
much
time
(do)that.
22.however
意为“然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
E.g:
She
was
ill.
However,
she
still
went
to
work.
她病了，然而她依然去上班。
辨析：but和however
but
并列连词
“然而，但是”。
可直接连接前后两个句子，表转折关系。
However
副词
“然而，但是”。
不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。
Eg:1)
It
began
to
rain,
,we
went
out
to
look
for
the
boy.
天开始下雨了，但我们还是出去寻找那个男孩了。
2).
It
a
sunny
morning，
very
cold.
这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。
23.such
as
和
for
example
都可以表“例如”，它们的区别有：
⑴
such
as
通常放句中，后接几个并列名词。
例：I
can
speak
many
languages,
English,
French
and
Japanese.
⑵for
example
可放句中，句首或句尾，后常接一个句子并与它用逗号隔开。
例：
,
Australia
was
unknown.
24.
none
和no
one
的区别：
none与数量有关，可回答how
many，表示“一个也没有”；而no
one表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who。
How
many
people
are
there
in
that
room——
.
A.
No
one
B.
None
②
Who
was
late
today——
.
A.
No
one
B.
None
25.
through,
across，over,
和past都是介词，不能单独做谓语，必须与动词连用才能做谓语。
1）through
从物体内部穿过，
如：walk
through
a
forest.
穿过一个森林
2）past
从物体外面绕过,
如：walk
past
a
post
office
经过一个邮局
3）across
从物体表面横穿，如：go
across
the
road
横穿马路
4）over
从物体上空越过,
如：fly
over
the
city
飞过城市
【注意】pass（经过），cross
(横穿)
都是动词，可作谓语，相当于“动词+past/across”.
如：①I
pass
(walk
past)
a
post
office
every
day.
②
Don’t
cross
(walk
across)
the
road.
题：We
didn’t
walk
the
village,
we
it.
A.
cross;
past
B.
through;
pasted
C.
through;
passed