unit 2 the environment -Welcome to the unit & Reading课件（牛津版模块5）

(共138张PPT)
Tiny beetles kill Canadian trees
全球气候的日益变暖造成了一系列的环境问题，植物虫灾就是其中之一。小小甲虫可以吃掉大片森林，这一现象不能不引起全世界的广泛关注！
Winter is coming and in the western Canadian Province of British Columbia，hungry larvae，or young beetles (甲虫)，are busily eating.In recent years，the larvae of the mountain pine beetles have made their way through huge forests，killing a third of the oldest trees in British Columbia.
The young beetles hatched beneath the bark (树皮) of pine trees from eggs laid in early summer would eat a lot in early winter to grow into adulthood.
“We’ve lost a lot of wood，”says Rodney DeBoice，an expert on beetle control for the province.
DeBoice says one reason why so many trees are dying is that the beetles find it easier to chew into older trees—and more trees are living longer thanks to modern fire prevention.
Not only are there more old trees，but also there are a lot more beetles. A few years ago，colder winters helped control beetle numbers by killing many of them. Warmer winters mean more survivors.
“Temperatures need to stay lower than 40 degrees below zero to put a large dent in the population，”explains DeBoice. So a lot more beetles are surviving and eating.
The pine beetles find shelter and food in the pine trees where they spend most of their life. In early summer，females no larger than the head of a match lay tiny eggs that develop into larvae in the fall. The hungry larvae eat away at the tree’s life system through the winter. Once they chew a ring all the way around the tree，water and nutrients can no longer flow throughout the tree and it dies.
Experts say by the year 2013,80 percent of British Columbia’s mature pines will be dead.
Help：
mature adj. fully grown and developed 成熟的
Find the words in the passage that fit the following descriptions.
1．________：to come out of an egg (in Para.2)
2．________：a reduction in the amount of something (in Para.6)
Key：1.hatch　2.dent
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.短语翻译
把下列短语分别译成英语或汉语。
1．对……关心　　　　　　________________
2．肩并肩地，一起 ________________
3．砍伐 ________________
4．大批的，大量的 ________________
5．对/因……感到兴奋 ________________
6．open the floor ________________
7．wipe out ________________
8．cut back on ________________
9．the key to ________________
10．run out of ________________
【答案】　1.be concerned about　2.side by side　3.cut down 4．large amounts/numbers of　5.be excited about　6.自由发言 7．消灭，扫除　8.削减，减少　9.……的关键　10.用完，耗尽
Ⅱ.课文理解
根据课文内容，选择最佳答案。
11．Mr Lin Shuiqing is talking about________.
A．how industrial waste damages the world
B．how much of the world is damaged by industrial waste
C．how many creatures are damaged by industrial waste
D．how bad pollution in the world is
【答案】　A
12．What can we infer (推断) from the sentence “This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat”？
A．We should not eat so much fish.
B．We will have more and more fish to eat.
C．We will not have enough fish to eat one day.
D．We will be affected by the number of fish left.
【答案】　C
13．Mr Qian Liwei doesn’t think________.
A．economic development is bad for the environment
B．a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time
C．people need to stop thinking of companies and money as the enemy
D．factory owners are concerned about the environment
【答案】　A
14．Mr Lin Shuiqing and Mr Qian Liwei both agree that ________.
A．we should decrease the amount of things we produce in order to save the environment
B．recycling may be the key to helping both economy and environment
C．many people are willing to pay higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly
D．more effective laws are needed to preserve the environment
【答案】　B
15．Which of the following environmental problems isn’t mentioned in the debate
A．Air is being polluted.
B．Many rivers are full of chemicals.
C．Trees are being cut down.
D．Production has been reduced.
【答案】　D
damage vt.损害；毁坏；n.损害；毁坏；破坏
do sb.damage＝do damage to sb.给某人带来损害
We should learn to protect our skin from the damage of the sun.
我们应该学会保护我们的皮肤免受太阳光的损害。
The storm did great damage to this area.
风暴给这个地区造成了很大损失。
damage，destroy，hurt，injure，wound与harm
(1)damage指伤害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，多用于自然灾害中的损害。
(2)destroy指完全的、不可修复的毁坏。
(3)hurt强调精神上、肉体上的伤害，强调疼痛。
(4)injure主要指在事故中受伤、损害、毁坏容貌，强调丧失机能。
(5)wound常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤，尤指战斗中的枪伤、刀伤。
(6)harm常用于口语，指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损害等。
Once environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the system to recover.
环境破坏一旦造成，生态系统需要多年才能恢复。
1.用wound，damage，destroy，harm，hurt与injure的适当形式填空
(1)She felt________at your words.
(2)The building was________in the earthquake.
(3)Don’t________your eyes by reading in dim light.
(4)The bullet________him in the shoulder.
(5)The bus was badly________when it hit the wall.
(6)He was________in the accident.
【答案】　(1)hurt　(2)destroyed　(3)harm　(4)wounded　(5)damaged　(6)injured
economy n．经济；经济制度；节约
The economy of our country is increasing fast.
我国的经济正飞速发展。
We should make substantial economies.
我们应例行节约。
economic与economical
(1)economic adj.经济的，经济上的；强调与国家、地区、社会或个人的经济有关。
(2)economical adj.经济的，节俭的，节约的；强调与个人行为有关。
We are concerned about the government’s economic policy.
我们关心政府的经济政策。
She is economical with her use of salt when cooking.
她烹饪时用盐很省。
2.Although the country has had political independence for over a century，________it needs the support of its neighbours.
A．naturally　　　　　　 B．economically
C．especially D．luckily
【解析】　由句中的political independence可知，“政治独立”了，但“经济上”仍需要邻国的支持，其他选项不合逻辑。
【答案】　B
debate n．& vi.辩论，争辩，争论
debate on/upon sth.with sb.就……与某人争论
conduct/have/hold a debate 举行辩论会
open/close a debate 开始/终止辩论
an open/a public debate 公开辩论
There’s been a lot of debates about the cause of acid rain.
有关酸雨的成因争议很多。
We have been debating about current affairs recently.
我们最近正就时事问题进行辩论。
【注意】　debate还可用做及物动词。
Congress will debate the question tomorrow.
明天国会将针对这个问题辩论。
The government is debating the education laws.
政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
debate，argue，discuss与quarrel
(1)debate指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面的、彻底的、比较正式的争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。后接名词或连接代(副)词引起的不定式短语，不接that从句。
(2)argue指就自己的看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。其后可接名词或that从句，不可接what，when，whether等引导的从句和不定式。
(3)discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。其后可接名词、动名词、不定式短语或when，whether，what等引导的从句，但不可接that从句。
(4)quarrel语气强烈，多指不友好的争吵。
Whether he should be sent to the distant area is open to debate.
他是否应该被送到偏远地区还有待于讨论。
I argued with her for a long time，but she refused to support our plan.
我和她辩论了好久，但她还是不支持我们的计划。
We discussed whether to go by bus or plane.
我们讨论要乘公交车还是飞机。
She quarrelled with his husband and left home with her little son.她和丈夫吵了架带着小儿子离开了家。
3.The proposal whether the system should be changed is still ________debate.
A．in B．over
C．under D．on
【解析】　under＋n.表示“……在……中”。句意为：这个系统是否应该被更换的提议仍在讨论中。
【答案】　C
atmosphere n．大气，大气层；气氛；氛围
Please pay attention to the pollution of the atmosphere.
请注意大气污染。
The atmosphere of the party is active and friendly.
晚会的气氛既活跃又友好。
the upper atmosphere高层大气
in an atmosphere of在……的氛围中
be full of atmosphere情趣盎然
a romantic atmosphere一种浪漫的气氛
We live in an atmosphere of freedom.
我们生活在自由的环境中。
4.(2008年湖北卷)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.
A．atmosphere B．state
C．situation D．phenomenon
【解析】　句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛，氛围；state状态；situation形势，局面；phenomenon现象。
【答案】　A
flow vi.& n．流动
The river flows south into the sea.
这条河向南流入大海。
The years flow away so fast.
年华易逝。
The doctor could not stop the flow of blood.
那位医生无法止住流血。
flow，pour与stream
(1)flow表示“流动”的普通用词，强调不断且顺畅的感觉。
(2)pour“倾斜，涌入”，强调流量大且向低处流动。
(3)stream强调由水源处流出。
The traffic began to flow normally again.
交通又恢复正常的流动。
Blood poured from the wound.血从伤口涌出。
Tears were streaming down her face.
泪水不断流下她的脸颊。
【注意】　动词的形式变化：
原形动词　　　过去式　　　过去分词
flow流动 flowed flowed
fly飞 flew flown
blow吹 blew blown
The president flew to the front yesterday.
昨天总统乘飞机抵达了前线。
5.She stood there quietly，with her hair________down over her shoulders.
A．flowed　　　　　　　 B．flowing
C．to flow D．being flowed
【解析】　本题考查with复合结构。her hair与flow构成主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。句意为：她静静地站在那儿，头发垂到她的肩上。
【答案】　B
lay vt.产卵，下蛋；放置，摆放
lay...aside/away 贮存，储蓄
lay...down 放下
lay sb.off 裁员
lay...out 陈列；布置，安排
Last week，they laid 20 eggs，but this week the hens aren’t laying.
上周这些母鸡下了20个蛋，不过这周却不再下了。
She laid the book down on the table.她把书放在桌上。
The police have laid a trap for him.
警方设下陷阱等着他。
lay的过去式和过去分词均为laid。还要区分lie和lay。lie作“撒谎”讲时过去式和过去分词均为lied；作“躺，位于”讲时其过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain。
Just now he lied to us again.刚才他又对我们撒谎了。
Mr Wang has lain in bed for half a month.
王先生卧床半月了。
6.The manager had fallen asleep where he________，without undressing.
A．was lying B．was laying
C．had laid D．had lied
【解析】　B、C两项表示“产卵，放”，显然与句意不符；D项表示“说谎”。句意为：经理没脱衣服就在躺着的地方睡着了。
【答案】　A
approach vt.& vi.接近，靠近
approach意为“靠近”时，后面可直接接人或物作宾语，不用介词to。
We must approach the bird very quietly or it will fly away.
我们必须悄悄地走近那只鸟，不然它会飞走。
Be careful！The train is approaching the station.
小心！火车进站了。
As the police approached，all the kids ran away.
警察一走近，所有小孩都跑了。
approach还可以作名词，意为“方法，方式”，常与介词to连用。
In some cases，different approaches to the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.
在某些情况下，对于同一科学问题不同的方法会得出相反的结论。
7.单词拼写
The woman________(走近) my table and took a seat.
【答案】　approached
expand vi.& vt.扩展，扩大
We hope to expand our business this year.
我们希望今年可以扩大我们的事业。
She expanded her short story into a novel.
她把她的短篇故事扩充为长篇小说。
Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.
我们的对外贸易近年来扩大了很多。
expand与extend
expand意为“扩大”，指朝各个方向增大，扩展。
extend指向某一个方向“延长，延伸”。
The peacock expands its tail.孔雀开屏。
They extended the subway.他们延长了地铁。
8.单词拼写
All matter e________when heated to a certain temperature.
【答案】　expands
beneficial adj.有益的，有利的，有帮助的
be beneficial to...对……有益
A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
It will be beneficial to you to arrive early.
早到对你有好处。
benefit vt.& n．使受益，益处
benefit from/by 从……中受益
for the benefit of...为了……的利益
be of benefit to 对……有好处
to one’s benefit 对某人有好处的是
have the benefit of sth./doing sth.有……的好处
None of us have benefited from the project.
我们都没有从该项目中受益。
9.In order to work better in the future，each of us must first of all know our ________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
【解析】　本题考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的weak nesses可知，每个人必须知道自己的强项和弱项，strengths优势，强项；benefits益处，好处；techniques技巧；values价值观。
【答案】　A
situation n．形势；情形；位置
I am sorry to know you have fallen into a difficult situation.
知道你陷入困境我很难过。
The town is in a delightful situation in a wide，green valley.
该城镇坐落在一个宽阔而且草木葱茏的山谷中，环境宜人。
situation，condition，state与position
(1)situation意为“一定时期内由各种情况造成的处境、形势”，也可指“语境，情景”。
(2)condition指“条件，状况，情况”，其单数形式指人或事物所处的状态，表示这个意义时，可与state换用。它还强调由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、事物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。其复数常指一般的、笼统的情况。
(3)state可指“人或事物所处的状态和状况”，可与condition互换。此外，它还可表示“思想、感情、心理等的状态”。
(4)position指物自身的位置，不含比较意味；situation指物的位置与其他物的关系。
10.用situation，condition与state填空
(1)They kept silent for a long time，in a________of hesitation and doubt.
(2)Whether I’ll go depends on the________of my health.
(3)Under the present________，he can’t keep up with the class.
(4)It is important for you to use a word or phrase according to the ________in language studies.
【答案】　(1)state　(2)condition/state　(3)conditions
(4)situation
responsibility n．责任；职责；义务
She is a woman with many responsibilities.
她是个负有许多职责的妇女。
a sense of responsibility责任感
a position of responsibility负有责任的位置
take responsibility for＝be responsible for对……负责
do sth.on one’s own responsibility
自己负责做某事
responsible adj.负责的，有责任的
He will take responsibility for his behavior.
他将为他的行为负责。
11.Don’t believe him，for he is a man of no________of responsibility.
A．sense B．means
C．idea D．attitude
【解析】　sense of responsibility责任感。句意为：别相信他，他是一个没有责任感的人。
【答案】　A
key n．答案；关键；adj.关键的
He turned the key in the lock，but he didn’t unlock it.
他把钥匙在锁里转了转，但没打开。
The key to success is preparation.
成功的关键是准备。
The key to solving the problem is to cooperate.
解决问题的关键是合作。
He was a key figure in the team.
他是这个队里的关键人物。
表“……的……”时有些名词后要用to。
the key to the classroom教室的钥匙
a visit to...去……的拜访
a secretary to...……的秘书
the answer to...……的答案
a danger to...……的危险
the approach to...通往……的途径或方法
an introduction to...……的介绍、说明
the notes to...……的注解
an entrance to...……的入口处
an access to...接近或使用……的权利或机会
the contribution to science对科学的贡献
I have had an answer to her letter.
我对她的信已作了答复。
12.The key________pollution is to make people realize the importance of protecting the environment.
A．to reduce B．of reducing
C．to reducing D．for reducing
【解析】　本题中key意为“关键”，常和介词to搭配，表示“……的关键”“……的钥匙”等。
【答案】　C
effective adj.有效的，效果好的
The law is no longer effective.该法令已失效。
It’s a very effective cure for the headache.
这种药治头疼很有效。
effectively adv.有效地；起作用地
effect n．影响，效果
have an effect on...对……有影响
affect vt.影响；感动
Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way.
同样，在公园里吸烟并不影响其他人。
13.(2007年江西卷)Scientists are convinced________the positive effect of laughter________physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
【解析】　第一个空考查短语be convinced of坚信……；第二个空考查短语the effect on sth.对于……的影响。
【答案】　C
ridiculous adj.荒唐的，荒谬的，可笑的
It is ridiculous to do sth.做某事很荒唐
It is ridiculous that...……是荒唐的
She looks absolutely ridiculous in that hat.
她戴那顶帽子看起来非常可笑。
It’s ridiculous to drive so fast along these lanes.
在这些狭路上开快车太离谱了。
ridiculous，absurd，foolish与funny
(1)ridiculous指愚蠢、不合理而引人发笑。
(2)absurd“荒谬的”，特别强调不合理或违背事实。
(3)foolish“愚蠢的”，强调没有意义或缺乏判断力。
(4)funny“可笑的”，强调不合理而招致别人的取笑或蔑视。
Don’t be ridiculous！You can’t pay $ 50 for a T shirt!
别犯傻了，你不会花50美元买一件T恤衫的！
It is absurd to believe that the number 13 brings had luck.
相信数字13会带来厄运是荒诞不经的。
It’s foolish of you to run away from home.
你竟然离家出走真是笨极了。
Everyone except me seemed to find her mistakes funny.
除了我，大家似乎都觉得她的错误可笑。
14.She looked ________ in that hat，which drew much extra attention.
A．interested B．ridiculous
C．ridiculously D．healthy
【解析】　ridiculous此处意为“可笑的”，以至于“吸引了不少目光”；A、D两项不合句意；C项“ridiculously”为副词，而题干中looked为连系动词，后面要跟形容词。故B项符合题意。
【答案】　B
smart adj.聪明的；敏捷的；整齐的；漂亮的
It was smart of you to bring a map.
你很聪明，能想到带张地图。
It’s easy to teach smart students.
教反应敏捷的学生很容易。
You look very smart in that new shirt.
你穿那件新衬衫看起来很英俊。
smart，beautiful，pretty与handsome
(1)smart指人“聪明的，动作敏捷的，长得帅气、好看的”。
(2)beautiful可修饰人和物，修饰人时指“美丽的，好看的”，一般不用于修饰男子。
(3)pretty可修饰人和物，修饰女子时指“俊俏的，标致的”；修饰男子时含有贬义，指“女人气的”；pretty还可作副词，意为“相当，颇”。
(4)handsome可修饰人和物，修饰男子时指“漂亮的，英俊的”；也可形容女子“健美的”。
15.She is________than her brother but works less harder than him.
A．smarter B．taller
C．younger D．prettier
【解析】　由but works less harder than him可知“她比她兄弟聪明”，故A项正确。
【答案】　A
provide vt.提供
The trees provide shade.
树给人们遮阴。
The government provided us with some rice and oil.
政府提供给我们一些大米和油。
provided/providing (that)可作连词，意为“假若，倘若，除非”。
Provided that there is no opposition，I will act as the representative of our team.
倘若无人反对，我将担任我们队的代表。
16.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mind taking the night train.
A．provided B．unless
C．though D．until
【解析】　本题考查状语从句的引导词。四个选项中只有provided和unless可以引导条件状语从句，前者意为“如果”，符合句意。句意为：如果你不介意乘晚上的火车的话，你可以早点到北京参加会议。
【答案】　A
think of 考虑；关心；想起；记得；想一想；想像；对……有某种看法
The mother has many things to think of.
这位母亲有许多事要考虑。
I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery.
看见这美丽的景色，我想起了我的家乡。
think well (ill) of认为……好(不好)
think much (little) of认为……不错(没什么了不起)
think of...as把……看做
think highly of看重；高度评价
think about考虑；回想；想起
think over仔细考虑
think twice重新考虑
think up想出，设计出
think aloud (out loud)自言自语
What do you think of...？＝How do you like...
你认为……怎样？
I’ll think over your suggestions，and let you know my decision in a day or two.
我会慎重考虑你的建议，并在一两天内告诉你我的决定。
17.—What’s wrong，Tom？You look pretty upset.
—Oh，nothing serious. Actually，I ________ of my old friends.
A．am thinking B．have just thought
C．was just thinking D．had just thought
【解析】　本题语境为再现说话前的某一场景，应该用过去进行时。
【答案】　C
open the floor 自由发言
You can open the floor at the meeting and express yourself.
在会议上你可以自由发言阐述自己的观点。
Please sum up very briefly and then we’ll open the floor for questions and answers.
请简要总结，然后我们自由提问并解答。
take the floor 发言；参加讨论；开始跳舞
get/have the floor 得到发言权
ask for the floor 征求发言权
hold the floor 长篇大论地发言
She held the floor for over an hour.
她发言占了一个多小时。
18.完成句子
I now invite the President________ ________ ________ ________(讲话)．(floor)
【答案】　to take the floor
in addition另外
You need time and money，and，in addition，you need diligence.
你需要时间与金钱，此外，你还需要努力。
There is，in addition，one further point to make.
此外，还有一点要说。
【注意】　in addition“除此之外”，后不可加宾语；而in addition to后必须加宾语，to为介词。
She speaks three foreign languages in addition to English.
除英语之外，她还会说三种外语。
19.A new security system was installed.________，extra guards were hired.
A．As a result B．Apart from
C．In that case D．In addition
【解析】　A项“因此”；B项“除……之外”；C项“假使那样的话”；D项“另外”。句意为：安装了新的安全系统，另外，还雇用了一些保安。
【答案】　D
wipe out 取消；彻底消灭；擦拭
The disease wiped out many people’s lives.
这场疾病夺去了很多人的生命。
This year’s losses have wiped out last year’s profits.
今年的亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了。
This vase hadn’t been wiped out properly before it was put away.这个花瓶没有擦干净就收起来了。
wipe away 擦去；清除
wipe down 把……擦干净
wipe...off...把……从……擦去
wipe up.../wipe...up把……揩掉
He wiped the sweat off his face and went on working.
他擦去汗水，继续工作。
20.The cost of the new building will______all the company’s profits this year.
A．come out B．break out
C．wipe out D．look out
【解析】　come out长出；出版；break out爆发，逃脱；wipe out消除，擦拭；look out当心，留心。由句意“建这幢新楼的花费将把公司今年的利润全部用掉”可知应选C项。
【答案】　C
cut back on削减，缩减，减少
They told me to cut back on my expenses.
他们告诉我要削减费用。
We oppose any plans to cut back on the education budget.
我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。
cut across 横过；走捷径
cut down 砍下，砍倒；减小
cut in 插嘴；插入；插队
cut off 切断(水、电、煤气)
cut out 切去；剪去
cut up切碎
Don’t cut in while others are talking.
别人谈话时不要插嘴。
21.The secretary________to tell Mr Brown that he was wanted on the phone.
A．cut off B．cut down
C．cut in D．cut up
【解析】　本题考查词组辨析。A项“切断；断绝”；B项“砍倒；削减”；C项“插嘴；插话”；D项“切碎”。句意为：秘书插话来告诉布朗先生有人打电话找他。
【答案】　C
be concerned about
为……担心；对……焦虑；对……关心
We are all concerned about your health.
我们都关心你的健康。
He was concerned about his son’s safety.
他很担心他儿子的安全。
concern n．& vt. 关心；惦记；关联
concern oneself about/in/with...关心……；对……感兴趣
as concerns 关于
as/so far as...be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
as far as I am concerned 就我而言
be concerned with 与……有关
be concerned in 参与
show/feel concern about/for 担心/关心/挂念
have no concern for 毫不关心
I am not concerned with the accident.
我与这场事故没有什么关系。
22.My father expressed his great________over my health when leaving，________that he would come to see me again the next month.
A．care；add
B．concern；adding
C．interest；having
D．attention；but added
【解析】　第一个空考查句意及名词与介词的搭配，concern over/about表示“对……关心”；care，interest和attention均不与over搭配；第二个空在句子中应为伴随状语，主语My father与add“补充说”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
【答案】　B
pay attention to注意
其中to是介词，所以后跟n./pron./v. ing
Please pay attention to what I am saying.
请注意听我讲的话。
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
你应当注意一下你的书写。
draw one’s attention (to)
＝catch one’s attention (to)使某人注意
attract one’s attention (to)引起某人的注意
bring sth.to one’s attention使某人注意某物
fix one’s attention (one’s eyes) on集中精力在……上
come to one’s attention获悉
call one’s attention (to)提醒某人注意
the center of attention关注的中心
stand at/to attention立正
Please fix your attention on your studies.
请把精力用在学习上。
23.The media can often help solve problems，and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.
A．in；that B．to；which
C．in；where D．to；where
【解析】　draw attention to是固定词组，此处to作介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。where在此引导宾语从句。
【答案】　D
run out (of) 用完，耗尽
Many hospitals are running out of money.
许多医院都快没有资金了。
We have run out of milk and juice.
我们没有牛奶和果汁了。
They had to return home when their money ran out.
他们的钱花光了，不得不返回家乡。
run out of与run out
(1)run out of用完了。表示主动含义，主语一般是人。
He is always running out of money before the pay day.
他老是在发工资之前把钱花光。
run out of还有“从……流出、跑出”之意。
(2)run out(＝become used up) 用完了。其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。run out也有“流出”之意，但不接宾语。
24.Our petrol________；I’m afraid we won’t go far before the car stops.
A．has run out B．is running out
C．has used up D．is using up
【解析】　由we won’t go far可知油还没有用完，故排除A项；use up“用完”，为及物动词短语；C、D两项结构均不对。
【答案】　B
With me are Mr Lin Shuiqing，from the Society for Environmental Preservation，and...和我在一起的嘉宾是来自环境保护协会的林水清先生，和……
该句属倒装句式，作表语的介词短语with me置于句首，句子用了完全倒装结构。
In front of my house stands a tall tree.
我家房前有棵大树。
Beside the beautiful lake is a small village，where I was born.
美丽的湖边有一个小村庄，我就在那儿出生。
下列几种情况多用完全倒装句式：
(1)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时。
Through window came in the sweet music.
从窗户飘进来美妙的音乐。
(2)表示方向、地点和时间的副词，如：in，out，down，up，off，back，away，there，now，then，here等置于句首时。
Down came the rain.雨落了下来。
Out rushed a tiger from the woods.
一只老虎从树林里冲了出来。
此种情况下，若句子的主语是代词，则句子不能倒装。
Down he came and left.他下来离开了。
(3)为了保持句子结构的平衡，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语时。
Present at the conference were experts from all over the world.
出席会议的是来自世界各地的专家。
25.At the foot of the mountain________.
A．a village lie B．lies a village
C．does a village lie D．lying a village
【解析】　地点状语提前引起倒装，正常语序为：A village lies at the foot of the mountain.
【答案】　B
This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.
这对于留给我们可供食用的鱼的数量有着长远的影响。
left for us to eat为过去分词短语作后置定语。单个过去分词作定语多用作前置定语，但如果是过去分词短语作定语多后置。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
被污染的空气和水对人们的健康是有害的。
【注意】　过去分词作定语的动词与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
He is a teacher respected by the students.
他是一个受学生尊敬的老师。
过去分词作定语与现在分词的被动式作定语
(1)过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、完成的动作。
Most of the artists invited (who were invited) to the party were from South Africa.
受邀参加晚会的艺术家们大部分来自南非。
(2)现在分词的被动式作定语，表示一个正在进行的被动的动作。
The road being built (which is being built) will join the village to the city.
正在修的这条路将把这个村子和城市连接起来。
26.(2007年上海卷)The Town Hall________in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at the time.
A．to be completed B．having been completed
C．completed D．being completed
【解析】　由in the 1880’s可知时间为过去，故排除A、D两项；空格处在句中作定语，故C项正确。
【答案】　C
The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口已增长到1800年的六倍还多。
six times what it was in 1800结构中包含了英语中常见的结构：数字＋times＋what从句。
I need three times what you offered me.
我需要的是你能给我的三倍。
【注意】　当表示两倍时，应用twice，而不用two times。
The output of cars in 2006 is twice what it was in 2002.
2006年汽车的产量是2002年汽车产量的两倍。
表示倍数的四个句型：
(1)．..times as＋形容词、副词原级＋as...
The square is three times as big as that one.
这个广场是那个广场的三倍大。
(2)．..times the＋性质名词(size，length等)＋of...
The square is three times the size of that one.
这个广场是那个广场的三倍大。
(3)．..times＋形容词、副词比较级＋than...
The square is three times bigger than that one.
这个广场是那个广场的三倍。
(4)．..times＋that of...
The number of students in our school is three times that of your school.
我们学校学生的数目是你们学校学生数目的三倍。
27.In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska)，________，however，has________.
A．which；more than 14 times as many people
B．which；14 times more than many people
C．what；as 14 times as many people
D．where；more than 14 times as many people
【解析】　非限制性定语从句中缺主语，故第一个空应用which；第二个空考查倍数的表达方式。
【答案】　A
My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.我的建议是我们应该尽力降低生产量，并且减少我们制造和购买物品的数量。
该句是复合句。that引导了表语从句；we make and buy为定语从句，修饰things。
suggestion后的表语从句用了虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。表示“建议，命令、要求”的名词，如advice，demand，request，order等作主语时，其表语从句应用虚拟语气；在句中作其他成分时其同位语从句多用虚拟语气。
They accepted our demand that no one(should)be punished.
他们接受了我们不惩罚任何人的要求。
My advice is that we(should)help him out of the problem.
我的建议是我们应帮他解决困难。
suggest跟宾语从句时，也用虚拟语气。
We suggest that she set out at once.
我们建议她马上出发。
28.We’ll have to think twice before we decide to buy a product an ad________.
A．shows B．suggests
C．makes D．praises
【答案】　B
It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
很明显，你很关心我们目前的环境情况。
It is obvious that clause很明显……(＝Obviously，...)在此句型中，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的，公认的
It is obvious to everyone that the child has been badly treated.
一看便知，那个孩子受过严重虐待。
There is no obvious solution to the problem.
这个问题尚无公认的解决办法。
29.________，they don’t want to spend too much money.
A．Being obvious B．Obvious
C．Obviously D．To be obvious
【解析】　根据句子结构，空格处应用一副词作状语修饰整个句子。
【答案】　C
What I’m here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmentalists，I know that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.
在这儿我要说的是，因为我和很多环境学家一同工作过，我知道健康的环境和稳定的经济是能共存的。
该句是一个复合句；what引导了一个名词性从句作了主语；第一个that引导的是表语从句；在表语从句中，know后的that引导了宾语从句，而现在分词短语having worked side by side with many environmentalists作原因状语。
现在分词的完成式作状语，表示一个在主句的动作发生以前已在进行或已完成的动作，且句子的主语与动词存在逻辑上的主动关系。
Having known the address，I found his home easily.
因为知道了地址，我很容易就找到了他家。
【注意】　现在分词的否定式是在分词前面直接加not。
Not having known the answer，he turned to his deskmate for help.由于还不知道答案，他向同桌求助。
30.(2007年陕西卷)________that she didn’t do a good job，I don’t think I am abler than her.
A．To have said B．Having said
C．To say D．Saying
【解析】　本题考查非谓语动词。由句子结构分析，此处应为现在分词短语作状语，排除A、C两项；并且say这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，故应用having said。
【答案】　B
But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的解决方法。
助动词do在句中加强语气；that引导了一个宾语从句；recycling为动名词作从句的主语。
do用在实义动词前加强语气，表示“务必”“一定”，do有人称和时态的变化。
Do come earlier tomorrow.明天一定要早点来。
He did call you yesterday，but you were out.
昨天他确实给你打过电话，但你出去了。
She does like English very much.她的确很喜欢英语。
在一般现在时、一般过去时的肯定句以及祈使句中，可用do/does/did来对谓语进行强调。对于其他成分的强调要采用强调句型。即：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
Who was it that broke the window？
打破窗户的是谁？
31.—I don’t know________makes her different from others.
—Honesty，I think.
A．how is it that B．how it is that
C．what is it that D．what it is that
【解析】　考查强调句型。上一句的意思是“我不知道是什么让她与众不同”，what it is that makes her different from others是know的宾语从句，因此要用陈述语序。从句是一个强调句，被强调部分是主语what。
【答案】　D
Asking around，I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.通过询问周围的人，我发现很多人愿意买价位稍微高一些的环保的东西。
句中find many people willing包含了“find＋宾语＋adj.”结构。
You’ll find the result disappointing.
你会发现结果是令人失望的。
I’m afraid you find me very unsatisfactory.
恐怕你觉得我难以令你满意。
find后接“宾语＋宾补”的情况：
(1)find＋宾语＋v. ing
We found her lying on the bed，sleeping.
我们发现她躺在床上睡着了。
(2)find＋宾语＋v. ed
He suddenly found himself surrounded by children.
他突然发现自己被孩子们包围了。
(3)find＋宾语＋副词/介词
When he work up，he found himself in the hospital.
当他醒来后，发现自己在医院里。
(4)find＋宾语＋名词
We found him a selfish man.
我们发现他是个自私的人。
32.He found her________when he came back.
A．wept B．weeping
C．to weep D．being weeping
【解析】　find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事，此处weeping为现在分词作宾补。
【答案】　B
Ⅰ.课文理解
根据课文内容，在下列表格的横线上填入合适的单词。(每空不超过三个单词)
Debaters Points Reasons Suggestions
Lin Shuiqing(represents the environment) Economic development is bad for the environment. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have dies.
Many sea creatures are
1.________by fishing boats.
More and more people2.______to live on and more food to eat. People should cut back on production and
3.________the amount of things they make and buy.
People should think more about
4.________.
Teach people about environmentally friendly ways of5.______.
Debaters Points Reasons Suggestions
Qian Liwei(represents the economy) Economic development does not have to be bad for the environment. Many factories and industries control the amount of pollution they produce.
They are careful to6.______repairing any
damage they cause.
The people running factories are very concerned about
7.________. People should not cut back on the amount of things they produce and buy.
People should produce more things from recycled materials and8.________taken directly from the environment.
There should be more9.________to preserve the environment and allow the economy to grow at the same time.
Factories which pollute the environment should have to10.________.
【答案】　1.being wiped out　2.need more land　3.reduce　4.recycling　5.living　6.spend money　7.the environment　8.less from materials　9.effective laws　10.pay higher taxes
Ⅱ.句子翻译
把下列句子译成汉语。
11．The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　世界人口已增长至1800年时人口的六倍多。
12．My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　我的建议是，我们应该尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。
13．It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
_______________________________________________
【答案】　显然，你很关心当前的环境状况。
14．Asking around，I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　我问过周围的人，发现他们中的许多人都愿意多花点钱购买环保产品。
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠